Seismic data prestack denoising method and device, storage medium and electronic equipment

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a seismic data pre-stack denoising method and device, a storage medium and an electronic device. The method comprises obtaining seismic data; obtaining geophones in a single shot record within the influence range of a noise shot point; performing surface wave scattering interference suppression and linear interference suppression on at least the seismic waveforms of all target geophones to obtain a modified seismic waveform of each target geophone; and obtaining a single shot record after noise suppression according to the modified seismic waveforms of all target geophones and the seismic waveforms of the remaining geophones in the single shot record.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure belongs to the field of geological exploration technology, and in particular relates to a method, apparatus, storage medium and electronic equipment for pre-stack denoising of seismic data. Background Technology

[0002] The surface and subsurface geological conditions in the piedmont seismic zone are complex, with dramatic surface undulations, resulting in poor conditions for seismic wave excitation and reception. External interference can affect the imaging quality and interpretation accuracy of seismic data. Due to the presence of numerous large factories and mines in the work area, the heavy machinery operating 24 hours a day generates significant energy, acting as a secondary seismic source and causing severe external interference to the seismic signals received near these factories and mines. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, this disclosure provides a method, apparatus, storage medium, and electronic equipment for pre-stack denoising of seismic data.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a pre-stack denoising method for seismic data, including:

[0005] Obtain seismic data, including single-shot records;

[0006] The detector points located within the influence range of the noise shot point in the single shot record are obtained and denoted as the target detector points, wherein the external interference source is regarded as the noise shot point;

[0007] At least for all target geophones, surface wave scattering interference suppression and linear interference suppression are performed on the seismic waveforms of all target geophones to obtain the corrected seismic waveforms of each target geophone.

[0008] The noise-suppressed single-shot record is obtained based on the corrected seismic waveforms of all the target geophones and the seismic waveforms of the remaining geophones in the single-shot record.

[0009] In some embodiments, obtaining a noise-suppressed single-shot record based on the corrected seismic waveforms of all the target receivers and the seismic waveforms of the remaining receivers in the single-shot record includes:

[0010] Based on the energy values ​​of the corrected seismic waveforms of all the target geophones, the target geophones are divided into multiple geophone groups. The corrected seismic waveforms of all the target geophones in each geophone group are subjected to abnormal amplitude attenuation to obtain the seismic waveforms of the target geophones after abnormal amplitude attenuation.

[0011] The seismic waveform of the corresponding receiver point in the single-shot record is replaced with the seismic waveform of the target receiver point after the abnormal amplitude attenuation, and the single-shot record after noise suppression is obtained.

[0012] In some embodiments, obtaining a noise-suppressed single-shot record based on the corrected seismic waveforms of all the target receivers and the seismic waveforms of the remaining receivers in the single-shot record includes:

[0013] Based on the energy values ​​of the corrected seismic waveforms of all target geophones and the energy values ​​of the seismic waveforms of the remaining geophones, all geophones are divided into multiple geophone groups. Abnormal amplitude attenuation is performed on the current seismic waveforms of each geophone in each geophone group according to the current seismic waveforms of all geophones in the group, to obtain the noise-suppressed single-shot record. The current seismic waveform of the target geophone is its corrected seismic waveform, and the seismic waveforms of the geophones other than the target geophone are their original seismic waveforms in the seismic data.

[0014] In some embodiments, the seismic waveform after suppressing the abnormal amplitude of the receiver points in at least one receiver point group is determined as follows:

[0015] The current seismic waveform of each of the at least one geophone group is transformed by time and frequency in different time periods to obtain the spectrum of each geophone in the at least one geophone group in multiple time windows. The current seismic waveform of the target geophone is its corrected seismic waveform, and the seismic waveforms of the geophones other than the target geophone are their original seismic waveforms in the seismic data.

[0016] The first corrected amplitude-frequency curve of each detector point in the at least one detector point group in each time window is obtained by filtering the amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of each detector point in the at least one detector point group in each time window.

[0017] Based on the threshold coefficient of each time window and the median amplitude of the spectrum of all detectors in the at least one detector group within the time window, the first corrected amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of each detector in the at least one detector group within the time window is subjected to abnormal amplitude attenuation to obtain the second corrected amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of each detector in the at least one detector group within the time window.

[0018] The seismic waveform after suppressing the abnormal amplitude of each detector in the at least one detector group within each time window is obtained based on the second modified amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of each detector in the at least one detector group within each time window, wherein the phase-frequency curve of the spectrum of each detector in the at least one detector group within each time window remains unchanged.

[0019] In some embodiments, the first modified amplitude-frequency curve is obtained by median filtering.

[0020] In some embodiments, the second corrected amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of at least one detector point in the at least one detector point group within at least one time window is determined as follows:

[0021] The threshold value of the time window is obtained by multiplying the threshold coefficient of the time window by the median amplitude of the spectrum of all detectors in the at least one detector group within the time window.

[0022] The amplitudes of the frequency points whose amplitude values ​​are greater than the threshold value in the first amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of the at least one detector point are attenuated, while the amplitudes of the frequency points whose amplitude values ​​are less than or equal to the threshold value in the first amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of the at least one detector point remain unchanged, thus obtaining the second corrected amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of the detector point within the time window.

[0023] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a pre-stack denoising device for seismic data, comprising:

[0024] The acquisition module is used to acquire seismic data, which includes single-shot records, and to acquire the receivers located within the influence range of the noise shot points in the single-shot records, which are denoted as target receivers, wherein the external interference source is regarded as the noise shot point;

[0025] The first processing module is used to suppress surface wave scattering interference and linear interference for the seismic waveforms of at least all target receivers, so as to obtain the corrected seismic waveforms of each target receiver.

[0026] The second processing module is used to obtain the noise-suppressed single-shot record based on the corrected seismic waveforms of all the target geophones and the seismic waveforms of the remaining geophones in the single-shot record.

[0027] In some embodiments, the second processing module is specifically used for:

[0028] Based on the energy values ​​of the corrected seismic waveforms of all the target geophones, the target geophones are divided into multiple geophone groups. The corrected seismic waveforms of all the target geophones in each geophone group are subjected to abnormal amplitude attenuation to obtain the seismic waveforms of the target geophones after abnormal amplitude attenuation.

[0029] By replacing the seismic waveform of the corresponding receiver point in the single-shot record with the seismic waveform after anomalous amplitude attenuation at the target receiver point, a noise-suppressed single-shot record is obtained; or...

[0030] The second processing module is specifically used for:

[0031] Based on the energy values ​​of the corrected seismic waveforms of all target geophones and the energy values ​​of the seismic waveforms of the remaining geophones, all geophones are divided into multiple geophone groups. Abnormal amplitude attenuation is performed on the current seismic waveforms of each geophone in each geophone group according to the current seismic waveforms of all geophones in the group, to obtain the noise-suppressed single-shot record. The current seismic waveform of the target geophone is its corrected seismic waveform, and the seismic waveforms of the geophones other than the target geophone are their original seismic waveforms in the seismic data.

[0032] Thirdly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a computer storage medium on which a computer program is stored, which, when executed by one or more processors, implements the method described in the first aspect.

[0033] Fourthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide an electronic device including a memory and one or more processors, wherein the memory stores a computer program that, when executed by the one or more processors, implements the method described in the first aspect.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, one or more embodiments of this disclosure can bring at least the following beneficial effects:

[0035] This disclosure provides a pre-stack denoising method for seismic data. The method defines the location of noisy shot points based on the known location of external interference, treating these locations as the noise shot points. Differential denoising processing is applied to the seismic waveforms of receivers within and outside the influence range of the noise shot points. This effectively suppresses external interference and improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data. This method shows promising application prospects in seismic data with numerous industrial and mining sites and severe external interference. Attached Figure Description

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this disclosure and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope.

[0037] Figure 1 This disclosure provides a flowchart of a pre-stack denoising method for seismic data.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a single-shot record in the pre-stack denoising method for seismic data provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the influence range of the noise blast point.

[0040] Figure 4a It is a single-shot record after surface wave scattering interference suppression.

[0041] Figure 4b It is a noise shot record extracted by surface wave scattering interference suppression.

[0042] Figure 5a It is a single-shot record after linear interference suppression.

[0043] Figure 5b It is a noise shot point record extracted by linear interference suppression.

[0044] Figure 6a It is a single-shot record after abnormal amplitude decay.

[0045] Figure 6b It is a noise shot point record extracted from abnormal amplitude attenuation.

[0046] Figure 7a This is a superimposed profile record of an embodiment of the present disclosure. This superimposed profile is formed by superimposing single shots under external interference, and the horizontal axis is the common center point number.

[0047] Figure 7b It is a superimposed profile record obtained after processing with the pre-stack denoising method provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0048] Figure 7c It is a superimposed profile record of noise separated after processing using the pre-stack denoising method provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0049] Figure 8a This is a single-shot record of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] Figure 8b The pre-stack denoising method provided in the embodiments of this disclosure is used for processing. Figure 8a The single-shot record obtained after the single-shot record is shown.

[0051] Figure 8c The pre-stack denoising method provided in the embodiments of this disclosure is used for processing. Figure 8a The image shows the recording of noise separated from a single shot.

[0052] Figure 9a The superimposed profile record of one embodiment of this disclosure is formed by superimposing several single-shot data shown in Figure 8.

[0053] Figure 9b It is a superimposed profile record obtained after processing with the pre-stack denoising method provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0054] Figure 9c It is a superimposed profile record of noise separated after processing using the pre-stack denoising method provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0055] Figure 10aThis is a single-shot record of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0056] Figure 10b It is processed using conventional pre-overlay denoising methods. Figure 9a The single-shot record obtained after the single-shot record is shown.

[0057] Figure 10c It is processed using conventional pre-overlay denoising methods. Figure 9a The image shows the recording of noise separated from a single shot.

[0058] Figure 10d The pre-stack denoising method provided in the embodiments of this disclosure is used for processing. Figure 10a The single-shot record obtained after the single-shot record is shown.

[0059] Figure 10e The pre-stack denoising method provided in the embodiments of this disclosure is used for processing. Figure 10a The image shows the recording of noise separated from a single shot.

[0060] Figure 11a This is a superimposed cross-sectional record of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0061] Figure 11b It is a superimposed profile record obtained after processing with the pre-stack denoising method provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0062] Figure 11c It is a superimposed profile record of noise separated after processing using the pre-stack denoising method provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0063] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the definition of some parameters in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0064] Figure 13 This disclosure provides a schematic diagram of a pre-stack denoising device for seismic data. Detailed Implementation

[0065] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this disclosure described and shown in the accompanying drawings can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this disclosure provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed disclosure, but merely represents selected embodiments of this disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this disclosure without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0066] Example 1

[0067] The inventors of this application have discovered that external interference from factories and mines manifests as high energy in single-shot records, existing across all time periods and frequency bands. The types of external interference differ between different factories and mines, including strong anomalous energy and linear interference, high-frequency anomalous strong energy and low-frequency linear interference, and low-frequency diagonal interference, etc. External interference reduces the signal-to-noise ratio of single-shot records, resulting in weak effective signal energy. Because external interference exists across the entire frequency band, and the apparent velocity and frequency of interference generated by different external sources vary, its high energy affects the signals of almost all nearby receivers. Existing methods such as regular interference suppression and anomalous amplitude suppression are insufficient to effectively suppress external interference, severely impacting the imaging quality of seismic data.

[0068] Figure 1 A flowchart of a pre-stack denoising method for seismic data is shown, such as... Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the pre-stack denoising method for seismic data provided in this embodiment includes the following steps.

[0069] Step S101: Obtain seismic data, which includes single-shot records.

[0070] A single-shot record includes the seismic waveforms at each receiver point obtained from a single firing test.

[0071] Step S102: Obtain the detector points located within the influence range of the noise shot points in the single shot record, and denot them as target detector points, wherein the external interference source is regarded as the noise shot point.

[0072] Step S103: Perform surface wave scattering interference suppression and linear interference suppression on the seismic waveforms of at least all target receivers to obtain the corrected seismic waveforms for each target receiver.

[0073] For example, surface wave scattering interference suppression is applied to the seismic waveforms of all target receivers to obtain the first corrected seismic waveform for each target receiver. Subsequently, linear interference suppression is applied to the first corrected seismic waveform of each target receiver to obtain the corrected seismic waveform for each target receiver.

[0074] Of course, linear interference suppression can be performed first, followed by panel scattering interference suppression. Further suppression of other regular noise can also be implemented.

[0075] Step S104: Obtain the noise-suppressed single-shot record based on the corrected seismic waveforms of all the target receivers and the seismic waveforms of the remaining receivers in the single-shot record.

[0076] In some embodiments, step S104 includes: dividing the target detector into multiple detector groups according to the energy values ​​of the modified seismic waveforms of all the target detectors; performing abnormal amplitude attenuation on the modified seismic waveforms of each detector in each detector group according to the modified seismic waveforms of all the target detectors in each detector group; and obtaining the seismic waveforms of the target detectors after abnormal amplitude attenuation.

[0077] The seismic waveform of the corresponding receiver point in the single-shot record is replaced with the seismic waveform of the target receiver point after the abnormal amplitude attenuation, and the single-shot record after noise suppression is obtained.

[0078] In these embodiments, only the seismic waveform after linear interference suppression at the target receiver is subjected to abnormal amplitude attenuation.

[0079] Optionally, step S104 includes:

[0080] Based on the energy values ​​of the corrected seismic waveforms of all target geophones and the energy values ​​of the seismic waveforms of the remaining geophones, all geophones are divided into multiple geophone groups. Abnormal amplitude attenuation is performed on the current seismic waveforms of each geophone in each geophone group according to the current seismic waveforms of all geophones in the group, to obtain the noise-suppressed single-shot record. The current seismic waveform of the target geophone is its corrected seismic waveform, and the seismic waveforms of the geophones other than the target geophone are their original seismic waveforms in the seismic data.

[0081] In these embodiments, abnormal amplitude attenuation is applied to the seismic waveforms at all detector points.

[0082] Suppress regular interference first, then irregular interference. Suppress regular interference such as surface wave scattering and linear interference first, then suppress irregular interference such as anomalous amplitude. If anomalous amplitude is suppressed first, it is suppressed through the energy difference between the anomalous amplitude and the effective wave. If other interference exists before suppressing anomalous amplitude, it will affect the suppression effect. The order of surface wave scattering interference and linear interference can be changed, but anomalous amplitude should be suppressed last.

[0083] This disclosure provides a pre-stack denoising method for seismic data. The method defines the location of noisy shot points based on the known location of external interference, treating these locations as the noise shot points. Differential denoising processing is applied to the seismic waveforms of receivers within and outside the influence range of the noise shot points. This effectively suppresses external interference and improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data. This method shows promising application prospects in seismic data with numerous industrial and mining sites and severe external interference.

[0084] Example 2

[0085] This embodiment is a refinement of Embodiment 1.

[0086] The actual coordinates of external interference can be determined through field measurements. The coordinates of the external interference are then used as the coordinates of the noise shot points, and the shot-receiver distance between each receiver point and the noise shot point is recalculated. Receiver points with shot-receiver distances less than a set threshold are designated as target receiver points.

[0087] For example, if the influence range of external interference is 5 km, then receivers with a shot-receiver distance of less than 5 km from the noise shot point are designated as target receivers. The seismic waveform data measured at the target receivers need to be suppressed for external interference.

[0088] The external interferences discussed in this disclosure are those with fixed locations, such as those from factories and mines.

[0089] Figure 2 An example of a single-shot record is shown.

[0090] The pre-stack denoising method for seismic data provided in this embodiment processes single-shot records. The required input parameters include the numbering information of the receivers affected by the noise shot points. For example, the receiver numbers are 1 to 64, and the receiver numbers affected by the noise shot points are 10 to 30.

[0091] Figure 3 The detector points enclosed by the black frame are those affected by the noise from the shot.

[0092] This embodiment first suppresses surface wave scattering interference, then suppresses linear interference, and finally suppresses abnormal amplitude infection.

[0093] The process of suppressing surface wave scattering interference is as follows.

[0094] Select the seismic waveforms of all target receivers in the single-shot record.

[0095] Perform a Fourier transform on the seismic waveform at the receiver point.

[0096] Define a fan-shaped filter to prevent spoofing.

[0097] The coefficients are estimated using the least squares method.

[0098] The coherent noise in the seismic waveform at the receiver point is predicted, and a noise model is obtained.

[0099] Transform the noise model to the time domain.

[0100] Subtracting the time-domain noise model from the seismic waveform at the receiver point yields the first corrected seismic waveform at that receiver point.

[0101] Non-uniform spatial sampling coherent noise suppression (NUCNS) combines sector filters in the FX domain with least squares local filtering to extract linear noise from a single shot and then subtract it, thus suppressing linear interference.

[0102] This method uses a frequency-space (fx) domain sector filter and a least-squares optimization scheme to suppress coherent noise. In the fx domain, the analytical definition of the sector filter and the least-squares optimization scheme can generate frequency-related weights, expressed as angular frequency ω = 2πf.

[0103] Seismic records in the frequency-spatial domain can be represented as:

[0104] d(ω,x i )=s(ω,x i )+c(ω,x i )+r(ω,x i (2-17)

[0105] Where d represents the seismic record, s represents the expected signal, c represents coherent noise, r represents random noise, ω is the angular frequency, and x i The source-receiver distance is the distance between the i-th receiver point and the noisy shot point. Typically, the coherent noise c(ω,xi) can be further decomposed into:

[0106] c(ω,x i )=f(ω,x i )a(ω,x i (2-18)

[0107] f(ω,xi) represents the time delay, and a(ω,x) represents the time delay. i ) is the weighting function, which can be further expressed as the shot-receiver distance x between the shot and the noisy shot point. i The power series form:

[0108]

[0109] Among them, b l (ω) is the coefficient, x i Let K be the shot-receiver distance, and K be the weighting factor for the shot-receiver distance. When linearizing, K = 0.

[0110] Since coherent noise can be approximated as locally linear within a small range, i.e., only the first term in equation (2-19) is taken (when l is 0), the weighting equation is only related to the angular frequency ω. Assuming that for a set of M target receiver seismic data, the weighting function a(ω,xi) is defined as the minimum cost function:

[0111]

[0112] Where d(ω,x)i f(ω,x) represents the frequency-spatial domain representation of the seismic record. i ) represents the time delay, a(ω) is the weight function, and φ(ω) is the minimum cost function.

[0113] Setting the result to 0, we get

[0114]

[0115] The symbol interpretation is d(ω,x) i f(ω,x) represents the frequency-spatial domain representation of the seismic record. i ) represents the time delay, a(ω) is the weighting function, M is the number of channels of the target detector, and ω is the angular frequency.

[0116] The time factor f(ω,xi) is set as a bandpass sector filter within a specific velocity range. To ensure good attenuation of the sector filter, f(ω,xi) provides a symmetrical positive and negative velocity range. Therefore, this factor can attenuate both positive and negative tilt angles of the in-phase axis. The variable V... min V minf V maxf and V max It is used to define the apparent velocity range in a bandpass filter; therefore, f(ω, xi) can be analytically expressed as:

[0117]

[0118] Where k1, k2, k3, and k4 are all related to the wave number, ω, and apparent velocity:

[0119]

[0120] Among them, V min For the minimum apparent velocity, V minf For the minimum apparent speed on the slope, V maxf Maximum apparent slope speed and V max The symbol definition is the maximum apparent velocity, such as Figure 12 As shown.

[0121] Coherent noise c(ω,x) i Depending on the apparent velocity, it can be decomposed into multiple bandpass filters:

[0122]

[0123] The symbol is defined as follows: f0(ω,x) i ) is a bandpass fan filter defined on both sides of the 0 frequency, a0(ω,x) i f is a weighting function defined at frequency 0. j (ω,x i) represents the bandpass fan filters on both sides of different apparent velocities, a j (ω,x i ) represents the weighting function for different apparent velocities.

[0124] As defined in equation (2-23), each f(ω,x) i There are four different apparent velocity values, f0(ω,x) i () is a bandpass fan-shaped filter defined on both sides of the 0 frequency. Such filters are approximately expressed as:

[0125]

[0126] Where, k p and k s With wave number, angular frequency ω, and two sets of apparent velocities v pass v stop related:

[0127]

[0128] Wherein, the symbols are defined as follows: ω is the angular frequency, v pass and v stop For the given range of apparent speeds.

[0129] Therefore, each sector filter corresponds to a weight value, for each frequency.

[0130]

[0131] Where i is the channel number, j is the number of sector filters, and f ij For the j-th bandpass fan filter of channel i, a ij Let be the weight function for the i-th channel and the j-th channel, and let the error function be for each frequency value:

[0132]

[0133] Wherein, the symbol is defined as d i For the representation of seismic records in the frequency-spatial domain, f ij For the j-th bandpass fan filter of channel i, a ij Let φ be the weight function for the j-th element, and φ be the minimum cost function.

[0134] The optimal solution for the weights is achieved through different values ​​of a. j By reducing the value and approximating φ to 0, it can be written in matrix form as: A = (F T F) - 1 F T The results of the D and A matrices are then substituted into equation 2-23 to calculate the corresponding coherent noise model.

[0135] This method is driven by real coordinates and uses an FX sector filter to prevent spoofing. It performs frequency division suppression based on the apparent velocity and frequency difference of linear interference. This method can be performed in the cross-shaped arrangement domain, the common shot domain, and the common receiver domain.

[0136] The seismic waveforms of each target receiver point in the single-shot record are processed using the method described above. During surface wave scattering interference suppression, the apparent velocity range of the surface wave scattering interference can be selected. Since the apparent velocity of surface wave scattering interference is generally small, suppression is only performed within the given apparent velocity range to avoid damaging the effective signal. Figure 4a It is a single-shot record after surface wave scattering interference suppression. Figure 4b It is a noise shot record extracted by surface wave scattering interference suppression.

[0137] The following is a single-shot record after suppressing surface wave scattering interference, with linear interference suppression applied.

[0138] First, the data is linearly dynamically corrected according to the coherent noise velocity. After dynamic correction, the noise model is extracted from the gather using a spatial weighting method between adjacent channels. The noise model is then filtered according to the frequency range of the coherent noise to obtain the desired suppressed linear coherent noise. Subtracting the desired suppressed linear coherent noise from the original data yields the noise-suppressed data. The weighting formula is as follows:

[0139]

[0140] Where n is the spatially weighted width, the smaller the value of n, the more obvious the noise reduction effect. i (t) represents the amplitude value of the i-th output channel at time t, A m (t) represents the sample value at time t of the i-th input channel.

[0141] Step 1: Perform linear dynamic correction on the single-shot record after surface wave scattering interference suppression. Select the velocity of the linear interference and perform linear dynamic correction on the single-shot record to level out the linear interference.

[0142] Step 2: Extract the noise model using mean weighting. The noise model data is still in single-shot format. The input is the single-shot data after linear interference correction (obtained in Step 1). After mean weighting using Formula 1, the output is the single-shot record of the linear interference model.

[0143] Step 3: Filter the single-shot record output in Step 2 according to the noise frequency range to obtain the filtered single-shot record. Based on actual data experiments, the typical range of linear interference is below 20Hz. A conventional bandpass filter can be used to filter out data components above 20Hz, leaving only those below 20Hz.

[0144] Step 4: Subtract the noise data of the seismic waveform obtained in Step 4 from the seismic waveform of each single shot record after surface wave scattering interference suppression to obtain the corrected seismic waveform of that trace.

[0145] Linear interference suppression only processes the seismic waveforms at the target receiver.

[0146] Figure 5a It is a single-shot record after linear interference suppression. Figure 5b It is a noise shot point record extracted by linear interference suppression.

[0147] The following section describes the suppression of abnormal amplitudes in single-shot records after linear interference suppression.

[0148] After suppressing linear interference, anomalous amplitude attenuation technology based on offset distance is used to suppress anomalous amplitude. After suppressing surface wave scattering, linear interference, and anomalous amplitude, the external interference is suppressed relatively cleanly (see Figure 5). Due to drastic surface changes and significant differences in excitation and reception factors, and the long array of receivers for individual shots, there is uneven energy between individual shots and significant energy differences at different offset distances. Anomalous amplitude attenuation technology based on offset distance is used to suppress severe anomalous amplitudes on individual shots. Especially for individual shots in concealed zones and mountainous areas, where the effective signal is weak and anomalous amplitudes are well-developed, anomalous amplitude attenuation based on offset distance energy changes can effectively protect the effective signal and suppress severe anomalous amplitude noise.

[0149] First, the corrected seismic waveform of each receiver in the at least one receiver group is subjected to time-frequency transformation in different time periods to obtain the spectrum of each receiver in the at least one receiver group in multiple time windows.

[0150] First, the energy of each trajectory of a single shot after linear interference suppression is statistically obtained. Based on the statistically obtained energy, the average energy of each shot is calculated. Data within the gun-receiver distance range where the energy value is greater than the average energy is grouped into three groups: data within the gun-receiver distance range where the energy value is less than the average energy is grouped into three groups, and data within the gun-receiver distance range where the energy value is approximately equal to the average energy is grouped into three groups. Specifically, the grouping can be as follows: data within the gun-receiver distance range of -1800m to 1800m is one group; data within the gun-receiver distance range of -8240m (maximum gun-receiver distance) to -1800m is another group; and data within the gun-receiver distance range of 1800m to 8240m (maximum gun-receiver distance) is another group, for a total of three groups. This grouping can be further analyzed based on the actual data.

[0151] Then, filtering is performed based on the amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of each detector point in the at least one detector point group in each time window and the amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of the adjacent detector points in the at least one detector point group in each time window to obtain the first corrected amplitude-frequency curve of each detector point in the at least one detector point group in each time window.

[0152] Then, based on the threshold coefficient of each time window and the median amplitude of the spectrum of all detectors in the at least one detector group within the time window, the first corrected amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of each detector in the at least one detector group within the time window is subjected to abnormal amplitude attenuation to obtain the second corrected amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of each detector in the at least one detector group within the time window.

[0153] Finally, the point-corrected seismic waveform of each of the at least one geophone in the at least one geophone group within each time window is obtained based on the second corrected amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of each geophone in the at least one geophone group within each time window, wherein the phase-frequency curve of the spectrum of each geophone in the at least one geophone group within each time window remains unchanged.

[0154] In some embodiments, the first modified amplitude-frequency curve is obtained by median filtering.

[0155] In some embodiments, the second corrected amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of at least one detector point in the at least one detector point group within at least one time window is determined as follows:

[0156] The threshold value of the time window is obtained by multiplying the threshold coefficient of the time window by the median amplitude of the spectrum of all detectors in the at least one detector group within the time window.

[0157] The amplitudes of the frequency points whose amplitude values ​​are greater than the threshold value in the first amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of the at least one detector point are attenuated, while the amplitudes of the frequency points whose amplitude values ​​are less than or equal to the threshold value in the first amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of the at least one detector point remain unchanged, thus obtaining the second corrected amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of the detector point within the time window.

[0158] The above describes grouping only noisy shot points and suppressing anomalous amplitudes within each group. In other embodiments, all shot points are grouped, and anomalous amplitude suppression is performed within each group. The current seismic waveform of the noisy shot point to be suppressed is its corrected seismic waveform, while the seismic waveform of the non-target receiver is its original seismic waveform from the seismic data.

[0159] Figure 6a It is a single-shot record after abnormal amplitude decay. Figure 6bThis is a noise shot record extracted from abnormal amplitude attenuation. The black box indicates the range of external interference. Before external interference suppression, the stacked profile was affected by noise, resulting in an extremely low signal-to-noise ratio and masking of effective reflections. After noise suppression, the stacked data has cleaner noise suppression, improved signal-to-noise ratio, and clearer characteristics of in-phase axial wave groups.

[0160] Figures 7a-7c , Figures 8a-8c and Figures 9a-9c The image shows the effect of single-shot and stacked profiles before and after suppression of another type of external interference. The red box represents the external interference. It can be seen that the external interference in the single-shot image is suppressed more significantly, the effective reflection phase axis is highlighted, the signal-to-noise ratio of the stacked profile is improved, and the imaging effect is better.

[0161] Figure 10a To suppress the abnormal amplitude of the single shot, Figure 10b and Figure 10c The images show a single shot after normal abnormal amplitude suppression and a noisy single shot. It can be seen that in the noisy single shot, the effective signal is damaged, as shown in the red box, where a relatively obvious effective reflection can be seen.

[0162] Figure 10d and Figure 10e To distinguish between the suppressed single shot and the noisy single shot after the abnormal amplitude of the offset was attenuated, the abnormal amplitude of the suppressed single shot was significantly suppressed, while there was no effective signal in the noisy single shot.

[0163] Figures 11a-11c The superimposed profiles before and after the proposed offset abnormal amplitude suppression show that the abnormal amplitude is well suppressed and there is no effective signal in the noise. This method is fidelity-preserving and amplitude-preserving.

[0164] This disclosure provides a pre-stack denoising method for seismic data. The method defines the location of noisy shot points based on the known location of external interference, treating these locations as the noise shot points. Differential denoising processing is applied to the seismic waveforms of receivers within and outside the influence range of the noise shot points. This effectively suppresses external interference and improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data. This method shows promising application prospects in seismic data with numerous industrial and mining sites and severe external interference.

[0165] Example 3

[0166] Figure 13 A pre-stack denoising device for seismic data is shown, comprising:

[0167] The acquisition module 21 is used to acquire seismic data, which includes single-shot records, and to acquire the receivers located within the influence range of the noise shot points in the single-shot records, which are denoted as target receivers, wherein the external interference source is regarded as the noise shot point;

[0168] The first processing module 22 is used to suppress surface wave scattering interference and linear interference for the seismic waveforms of at least all target receivers, so as to obtain the corrected seismic waveforms of each target receiver.

[0169] The second processing module 23 is used to obtain the noise-suppressed single-shot record based on the corrected seismic waveforms of all the target receivers and the seismic waveforms of the remaining receivers in the single-shot record.

[0170] Optionally, the second processing module 23 is specifically used for:

[0171] Based on the energy values ​​of the corrected seismic waveforms of all the target geophones, the target geophones are divided into multiple geophone groups. The corrected seismic waveforms of all the target geophones in each geophone group are subjected to abnormal amplitude attenuation to obtain the seismic waveforms of the target geophones after abnormal amplitude attenuation.

[0172] By replacing the seismic waveform of the corresponding receiver point in the single-shot record with the seismic waveform after anomalous amplitude attenuation at the target receiver point, a noise-suppressed single-shot record is obtained; or...

[0173] The second processing module 23 is specifically used for:

[0174] Based on the energy values ​​of the corrected seismic waveforms of all target geophones and the energy values ​​of the seismic waveforms of the remaining geophones, all geophones are divided into multiple geophone groups. Abnormal amplitude attenuation is performed on the current seismic waveforms of each geophone in each geophone group according to the current seismic waveforms of all geophones in the group, to obtain the noise-suppressed single-shot record. The current seismic waveform of the target geophone is its corrected seismic waveform, and the seismic waveforms of the geophones other than the target geophone are their original seismic waveforms in the seismic data.

[0175] Optionally, the seismic waveform after attenuation of the anomalous amplitude at at least one receiver point in at least one receiver point group is determined as follows:

[0176] The current seismic waveform of each of the at least one geophone group is transformed by time and frequency in different time periods to obtain the spectrum of each geophone in the at least one geophone group in multiple time windows. The current seismic waveform of the target geophone is its corrected seismic waveform, and the seismic waveforms of the geophones other than the target geophone are their original seismic waveforms in the seismic data.

[0177] The first corrected amplitude-frequency curve of each detector point in the at least one detector point group in each time window is obtained by filtering the amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of each detector point in the at least one detector point group in each time window.

[0178] Based on the threshold coefficient of each time window and the median amplitude of the spectrum of all detectors in the at least one detector group within the time window, the first corrected amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of each detector in the at least one detector group within the time window is subjected to abnormal amplitude attenuation to obtain the second corrected amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of each detector in the at least one detector group within the time window.

[0179] The seismic waveform after suppressing the abnormal amplitude of each detector in the at least one detector group within each time window is obtained based on the second modified amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of each detector in the at least one detector group within each time window, wherein the phase-frequency curve of the spectrum of each detector in the at least one detector group within each time window remains unchanged.

[0180] Optionally, the first modified amplitude-frequency curve is obtained by median filtering.

[0181] Optionally, the second corrected amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of at least one detector point in the at least one detector point group within at least one time window is determined as follows:

[0182] The threshold value of the time window is obtained by multiplying the threshold coefficient of the time window by the median amplitude of the spectrum of all detectors in the at least one detector group within the time window.

[0183] The amplitudes of the frequency points whose amplitude values ​​are greater than the threshold value in the second amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of the at least one detector point are attenuated, while the amplitudes of the frequency points whose amplitude values ​​are less than or equal to the threshold value in the second amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of the at least one detector point remain unchanged, thus obtaining the second corrected amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of the detector point within the time window.

[0184] This disclosure provides a pre-stack denoising method for seismic data. The method defines the location of noisy shot points based on the known location of external interference, treating these locations as the noise shot points. Differential denoising processing is applied to the seismic waveforms of receivers within and outside the influence range of the noise shot points. This effectively suppresses external interference and improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data. This method shows promising application prospects in seismic data with numerous industrial and mining sites and severe external interference.

[0185] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described modules or steps can be implemented using general-purpose computing devices. They can be centralized on a single computing device or distributed across a network of multiple computing devices. Optionally, they can be implemented using computer-executable program code, thereby storing them in a storage device for execution by a computing device, or fabricating them separately as individual integrated circuit modules, or fabricating multiple modules or steps as a single integrated circuit module. This disclosure is not limited to any specific hardware and software combination.

[0186] Example 4

[0187] This embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by one or more processors, it implements the method of Embodiment 1.

[0188] The computer-readable storage medium can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0189] The method implemented by the computer-readable storage medium in this embodiment includes:

[0190] Obtain seismic data, including single-shot records;

[0191] The detector points located within the influence range of the noise shot point in the single shot record are obtained and denoted as the target detector points, wherein the external interference source is regarded as the noise shot point;

[0192] At least for all target geophones, surface wave scattering interference suppression and linear interference suppression are performed on the seismic waveforms of all target geophones to obtain the corrected seismic waveforms of each target geophone.

[0193] The noise-suppressed single-shot record is obtained based on the corrected seismic waveforms of all the target geophones and the seismic waveforms of the remaining geophones in the single-shot record.

[0194] In some embodiments, obtaining a noise-suppressed single-shot record based on the corrected seismic waveforms of all the target receivers and the seismic waveforms of the remaining receivers in the single-shot record includes:

[0195] Based on the energy values ​​of the corrected seismic waveforms of all the target geophones, the target geophones are divided into multiple geophone groups. The corrected seismic waveforms of all the target geophones in each geophone group are subjected to abnormal amplitude attenuation to obtain the seismic waveforms of the target geophones after abnormal amplitude attenuation.

[0196] The seismic waveform of the corresponding receiver point in the single-shot record is replaced with the seismic waveform of the target receiver point after the abnormal amplitude attenuation, and the single-shot record after noise suppression is obtained.

[0197] In some embodiments, obtaining a noise-suppressed single-shot record based on the corrected seismic waveforms of all the target receivers and the seismic waveforms of the remaining receivers in the single-shot record includes:

[0198] Based on the energy values ​​of the corrected seismic waveforms of all target geophones and the energy values ​​of the seismic waveforms of the remaining geophones, all geophones are divided into multiple geophone groups. Abnormal amplitude attenuation is performed on the current seismic waveforms of each geophone in each geophone group according to the current seismic waveforms of all geophones in the group, to obtain the noise-suppressed single-shot record. The current seismic waveform of the target geophone is its corrected seismic waveform, and the seismic waveforms of the geophones other than the target geophone are their original seismic waveforms in the seismic data.

[0199] In some embodiments, the seismic waveform after suppressing the abnormal amplitude of the receiver points in at least one receiver point group is determined as follows:

[0200] The current seismic waveform of each of the at least one geophone group is transformed by time and frequency in different time periods to obtain the spectrum of each geophone in the at least one geophone group in multiple time windows. The current seismic waveform of the target geophone is its corrected seismic waveform, and the seismic waveforms of the geophones other than the target geophone are their original seismic waveforms in the seismic data.

[0201] The first corrected amplitude-frequency curve of each detector point in the at least one detector point group in each time window is obtained by filtering the amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of each detector point in the at least one detector point group in each time window.

[0202] Based on the threshold coefficient of each time window and the median amplitude of the spectrum of all detectors in the at least one detector group within the time window, the first corrected amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of each detector in the at least one detector group within the time window is subjected to abnormal amplitude attenuation to obtain the second corrected amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of each detector in the at least one detector group within the time window.

[0203] The seismic waveform after suppressing the abnormal amplitude of each detector in the at least one detector group within each time window is obtained based on the second modified amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of each detector in the at least one detector group within each time window, wherein the phase-frequency curve of the spectrum of each detector in the at least one detector group within each time window remains unchanged.

[0204] In some embodiments, the first modified amplitude-frequency curve is obtained by median filtering.

[0205] In some embodiments, the second corrected amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of at least one detector point in the at least one detector point group within at least one time window is determined as follows:

[0206] The threshold value of the time window is obtained by multiplying the threshold coefficient of the time window by the median amplitude of the spectrum of all detectors in the at least one detector group within the time window.

[0207] The amplitudes of the frequency points whose amplitude values ​​are greater than the threshold value in the second amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of the at least one detector point are attenuated, while the amplitudes of the frequency points whose amplitude values ​​are less than or equal to the threshold value in the second amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of the at least one detector point remain unchanged, thus obtaining the second corrected amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of the detector point within the time window.

[0208] This disclosure provides a pre-stack denoising method for seismic data. The method defines the location of noisy shot points based on the known location of external interference, treating these locations as the noise shot points. Differential denoising processing is applied to the seismic waveforms of receivers within and outside the influence range of the noise shot points. This effectively suppresses external interference and improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data. This method shows promising application prospects in seismic data with numerous industrial and mining sites and severe external interference.

[0209] Example 5

[0210] This embodiment provides an electronic device, including a memory and one or more processors. The memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by one or more processors, it implements the methods of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2.

[0211] In practical applications, the processor can be implemented as an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), Digital Signal Processor (DSP), Digital Signal Processing Device (DSPD), Programmable Logic Device (PLD), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), controller, microcontroller unit (MCU), microprocessor, or other electronic components to execute the methods described in the above embodiments.

[0212] The method implemented by the computer program in this embodiment includes:

[0213] Obtain seismic data, including single-shot records;

[0214] The detector points located within the influence range of the noise shot point in the single shot record are obtained and denoted as the target detector points, wherein the external interference source is regarded as the noise shot point;

[0215] At least for all target geophones, surface wave scattering interference suppression and linear interference suppression are performed on the seismic waveforms of all target geophones to obtain the corrected seismic waveforms of each target geophone.

[0216] The noise-suppressed single-shot record is obtained based on the corrected seismic waveforms of all the target geophones and the seismic waveforms of the remaining geophones in the single-shot record.

[0217] In some embodiments, obtaining a noise-suppressed single-shot record based on the corrected seismic waveforms of all the target receivers and the seismic waveforms of the remaining receivers in the single-shot record includes:

[0218] Based on the energy values ​​of the corrected seismic waveforms of all the target geophones, the target geophones are divided into multiple geophone groups. The corrected seismic waveforms of all the target geophones in each geophone group are subjected to abnormal amplitude attenuation to obtain the seismic waveforms of the target geophones after abnormal amplitude attenuation.

[0219] The seismic waveform of the corresponding receiver point in the single-shot record is replaced with the seismic waveform of the target receiver point after the abnormal amplitude attenuation, and the single-shot record after noise suppression is obtained.

[0220] In some embodiments, obtaining a noise-suppressed single-shot record based on the corrected seismic waveforms of all the target receivers and the seismic waveforms of the remaining receivers in the single-shot record includes:

[0221] Based on the energy values ​​of the corrected seismic waveforms of all target geophones and the energy values ​​of the seismic waveforms of the remaining geophones, all geophones are divided into multiple geophone groups. Abnormal amplitude attenuation is performed on the current seismic waveforms of each geophone in each geophone group according to the current seismic waveforms of all geophones in the group, to obtain the noise-suppressed single-shot record. The current seismic waveform of the target geophone is its corrected seismic waveform, and the seismic waveforms of the geophones other than the target geophone are their original seismic waveforms in the seismic data.

[0222] In some embodiments, the seismic waveform after suppressing the abnormal amplitude of the receiver points in at least one receiver point group is determined as follows:

[0223] The current seismic waveform of each of the at least one geophone group is transformed by time and frequency in different time periods to obtain the spectrum of each geophone in the at least one geophone group in multiple time windows. The current seismic waveform of the target geophone is its corrected seismic waveform, and the seismic waveforms of the geophones other than the target geophone are their original seismic waveforms in the seismic data.

[0224] The first corrected amplitude-frequency curve of each detector point in the at least one detector point group in each time window is obtained by filtering the amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of each detector point in the at least one detector point group in each time window.

[0225] Based on the threshold coefficient of each time window and the median amplitude of the spectrum of all detectors in the at least one detector group within the time window, the first corrected amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of each detector in the at least one detector group within the time window is subjected to abnormal amplitude attenuation to obtain the second corrected amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of each detector in the at least one detector group within the time window.

[0226] The seismic waveform after suppressing the abnormal amplitude of each detector in the at least one detector group within each time window is obtained based on the second modified amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of each detector in the at least one detector group within each time window, wherein the phase-frequency curve of the spectrum of each detector in the at least one detector group within each time window remains unchanged.

[0227] In some embodiments, the first modified amplitude-frequency curve is obtained by median filtering.

[0228] In some embodiments, the second corrected amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of at least one detector point in the at least one detector point group within at least one time window is determined as follows:

[0229] The threshold value of the time window is obtained by multiplying the threshold coefficient of the time window by the median amplitude of the spectrum of all detectors in the at least one detector group within the time window.

[0230] The amplitudes of the frequency points whose amplitude values ​​are greater than the threshold value in the second amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of the at least one detector point are attenuated, while the amplitudes of the frequency points whose amplitude values ​​are less than or equal to the threshold value in the second amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of the at least one detector point remain unchanged, thus obtaining the second corrected amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of the detector point within the time window.

[0231] This disclosure provides a pre-stack denoising method for seismic data. The method defines the location of noisy shot points based on the known location of external interference, treating these locations as the noise shot points. Differential denoising processing is applied to the seismic waveforms of receivers within and outside the influence range of the noise shot points. This effectively suppresses external interference and improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data. This method shows promising application prospects in seismic data with numerous industrial and mining sites and severe external interference.

[0232] In the several embodiments provided in this disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods can also be implemented in other ways. The system and method embodiments described above are merely illustrative.

[0233] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. The terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0234] While the embodiments disclosed herein are as described above, the content is merely for the purpose of facilitating understanding of this disclosure and is not intended to limit this disclosure. Any person skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains may make any modifications and changes in form and detail of the implementation without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure; however, the scope of patent protection of this disclosure shall still be determined by the scope defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for pre-stack denoising of seismic data, characterized in that, include: Obtain seismic data, including single-shot records; The detector points located within the influence range of the noise shot point in the single shot record are obtained and denoted as the target detector points, wherein the external interference source is regarded as the noise shot point; At least for all target geophones, surface wave scattering interference suppression and linear interference suppression are performed on the seismic waveforms of all target geophones to obtain the corrected seismic waveforms of each target geophone. The noise-suppressed single-shot record is obtained by using the corrected seismic waveforms of all the target geophones and the seismic waveforms of the remaining geophones in the single-shot record. Obtaining a noise-suppressed single-shot record based on the corrected seismic waveforms of all target geophones and the seismic waveforms of the remaining geophones in the single-shot record includes: dividing the target geophones into multiple geophone groups based on the energy values ​​of the corrected seismic waveforms of all target geophones; performing anomalous amplitude attenuation on the corrected seismic waveforms of each geophone within each geophone group based on the corrected seismic waveforms of all target geophones in that group, to obtain the anomalously attenuated seismic waveforms of the target geophones; replacing the seismic waveforms of the corresponding geophones in the single-shot record with the anomalously attenuated seismic waveforms of the target geophones to obtain the noise-suppressed single-shot record; or... Obtaining a noise-suppressed single-shot record based on the corrected seismic waveforms of all target geophones and the seismic waveforms of the remaining geophones in the single-shot record includes: dividing all geophones into multiple geophone groups based on the energy values ​​of the corrected seismic waveforms of all target geophones and the energy values ​​of the seismic waveforms of the remaining geophones; performing abnormal amplitude attenuation on the current seismic waveforms of each geophone in each geophone group based on the current seismic waveforms of all geophones in each geophone group to obtain a noise-suppressed single-shot record, wherein the current seismic waveform of the target geophone is its corrected seismic waveform, and the seismic waveforms of the geophones other than the target geophone are their original seismic waveforms in the seismic data.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seismic waveform after suppression of anomalous amplitude at least one receiver point in a receiver point group is determined as follows: The current seismic waveform of each of the at least one geophone group is transformed by time and frequency in different time periods to obtain the spectrum of each geophone in the at least one geophone group in multiple time windows. The current seismic waveform of the target geophone is its corrected seismic waveform, and the seismic waveforms of the geophones other than the target geophone are their original seismic waveforms in the seismic data. The first corrected amplitude-frequency curve of each detector point in the at least one detector point group in each time window is obtained by filtering the amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of each detector point in the at least one detector point group in each time window. Based on the threshold coefficient of each time window and the median amplitude of the spectrum of all detectors in the at least one detector group within the time window, the first corrected amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of each detector in the at least one detector group within the time window is subjected to abnormal amplitude attenuation to obtain the second corrected amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of each detector in the at least one detector group within the time window. The seismic waveform after suppressing the abnormal amplitude of each detector in the at least one detector group within each time window is obtained based on the second modified amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of each detector in the at least one detector group within each time window, wherein the phase-frequency curve of the spectrum of each detector in the at least one detector group within each time window remains unchanged.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first corrected amplitude-frequency curve is obtained by median filtering.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second corrected amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of at least one detector point in the at least one detector point group within at least one time window is determined as follows: The threshold value of the time window is obtained by multiplying the threshold coefficient of the time window by the median amplitude of the spectrum of all detectors in the at least one detector group within the time window. The amplitudes of the frequency points whose amplitude values ​​are greater than the threshold value in the first amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of the at least one detector point are attenuated, while the amplitudes of the frequency points whose amplitude values ​​are less than or equal to the threshold value in the first amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of the at least one detector point remain unchanged, thus obtaining the second corrected amplitude-frequency curve of the spectrum of the detector point within the time window.

5. A pre-stack denoising device for seismic data, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire seismic data, which includes single-shot records, and to acquire the receivers located within the influence range of the noise shot points in the single-shot records, which are denoted as target receivers, wherein the external interference source is regarded as the noise shot point; The first processing module is used to suppress surface wave scattering interference and linear interference for the seismic waveforms of at least all target receivers, so as to obtain the corrected seismic waveforms of each target receiver. The second processing module is used to obtain the noise-suppressed single-shot record based on the corrected seismic waveforms of all the target geophones and the seismic waveforms of the remaining geophones in the single-shot record. The second processing module is specifically used for: Based on the energy values ​​of the corrected seismic waveforms of all the target geophones, the target geophones are divided into multiple geophone groups. The corrected seismic waveforms of all the target geophones in each geophone group are subjected to abnormal amplitude attenuation to obtain the seismic waveforms of the target geophones after abnormal amplitude attenuation. By replacing the seismic waveform of the corresponding receiver point in the single-shot record with the seismic waveform after anomalous amplitude attenuation at the target receiver point, a noise-suppressed single-shot record is obtained; or... The second processing module is specifically used for: Based on the energy values ​​of the corrected seismic waveforms of all target geophones and the energy values ​​of the seismic waveforms of the remaining geophones, all geophones are divided into multiple geophone groups. Abnormal amplitude attenuation is performed on the current seismic waveforms of each geophone in each geophone group according to the current seismic waveforms of all geophones in the group, to obtain the noise-suppressed single-shot record. The current seismic waveform of the target geophone is its corrected seismic waveform, and the seismic waveforms of the geophones other than the target geophone are their original seismic waveforms in the seismic data.

6. A computer storage medium, characterized in that, The computer storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by one or more processors, implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a memory and one or more processors, wherein a computer program is stored on the memory, and the computer program, when executed by the one or more processors, implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

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