Relay protection fault consequence evaluation method, device and computer equipment

Abstract

This application relates to a method, apparatus, computer equipment, storage medium, and computer program product for assessing the consequences of relay protection faults. The method includes: acquiring a substation topology model of the substation under test; applying simulated strong electromagnetic pulse influence and protection fault actions to the substation topology model to obtain simulation output data; subsequently determining load loss data, active power fluctuation data, voltage fluctuation data, and fault chain probability data; and determining the severity of protection failure and fault chain risk indicators; finally, based on the severity of protection failure and fault chain risk indicators, obtaining the relay protection fault consequence assessment result for the substation under test under protection fault action. This application assesses relay protection faults by measuring protection fault actions based on various protection failure data and fault chain probability data, and obtains the relay protection fault consequence assessment result, which can effectively improve the accuracy of relay protection failure consequence assessment under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulses.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power grids, and in particular to a method, apparatus, computer equipment, storage medium, and computer program product for assessing the consequences of relay protection faults. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing development of power systems, the importance of relay protection has become increasingly prominent. Relay protection is a crucial measure for detecting faults or abnormalities in power systems, issuing alarm signals, or directly isolating or disconnecting faulty sections. As the first line of defense in power systems, the operating characteristics of relay protection are closely related to grid safety. According to historical data, nearly 75% of accidents are related to protection failure. Protection failure can lead to the following consequences: incorrect operation of substation protection may result in varying degrees of load loss; power flow shifts caused by incorrect protection operation can lead to line overload cascading trips, which is a major cause of accident escalation; incorrect protection operation may cause voltage fluctuations and flicker in substations.

[0003] However, for fault scenarios where protection maloperation and protection failure occur in substations due to strong electromagnetic pulses, the existing relay protection fault consequence assessment methods cannot be used to quantitatively assess the substation and power grid risks in such scenarios, thus affecting the accuracy of power grid relay protection failure assessment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method, apparatus, computer equipment, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product for assessing the consequences of relay protection failures under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulses, which can effectively improve the accuracy of assessing the consequences of relay protection failures.

[0005] Firstly, this application provides a method for assessing the consequences of relay protection faults, including:

[0006] Obtain the substation topology model of the substation under test;

[0007] Simulated strong electromagnetic pulse effects and protection fault actions are applied to the substation topology model to obtain simulation output data of the substation topology model under the influence of the strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault.

[0008] Based on the simulation output data, determine the load loss data, active power fluctuation data, voltage fluctuation data, and accident chain probability data;

[0009] Based on the load loss data, the active power fluctuation data, and the voltage fluctuation data, the severity of protection failure of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault is determined. Based on the accident chain probability data, the accident chain risk index of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault is determined.

[0010] Based on the severity of the protection failure and the accident chain risk index, the relay protection failure consequence assessment result of the substation under test under the protection failure operation is obtained.

[0011] In one embodiment, determining the severity of protection failure of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault based on the load loss data, the active power fluctuation data, and the voltage fluctuation data includes:

[0012] Based on the load loss data and the total load data of the substation topology model, the severity of the load loss consequences is determined.

[0013] Based on the active power fluctuation data, the active power data of each node in the substation topology model before and after the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault are determined, and the severity of the active power fluctuation consequences is determined based on the active power data of each node before and after the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault.

[0014] Based on the voltage fluctuation data, determine the node voltage data of each node in the substation topology model after the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault, and determine the severity of the voltage fluctuation consequences based on the voltage data of each node after the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault.

[0015] The severity of protection failure of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault is determined based on the severity of the consequences of load loss, the severity of the consequences of active power fluctuation, and the severity of the consequences of voltage fluctuation.

[0016] In one embodiment, determining the severity of protection failure of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulses and protection faults based on the severity of the load loss consequences, the severity of the active power fluctuation consequences, and the severity of the voltage fluctuation consequences includes:

[0017] Obtain the weighting coefficients corresponding to the severity of the load loss consequences, the severity of the active power fluctuation consequences, and the severity of the voltage fluctuation consequences;

[0018] The severity of protection failure under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault is obtained by summing the products of the severity of the load loss consequences, the severity of the active power fluctuation consequences, and the severity of the voltage fluctuation consequences with the weighting coefficient.

[0019] In one embodiment, determining the accident chain risk index of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection failure based on the accident chain probability data includes:

[0020] Based on the accident chain probability data, determine the primary equipment failure probability, protection failure probability, and backup protection correct operation probability under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection failure.

[0021] Based on the preset consequence function and the failure probability of the primary equipment, the failure probability of the protection to operate, and the correct operation probability of the backup protection, the accident chain risk index of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse is determined.

[0022] In one embodiment, obtaining the relay protection failure consequence assessment result of the substation under test under the protection failure operation based on the protection failure severity and the accident chain risk index includes:

[0023] The wiring mode of the substation under test is determined based on the substation topology model of the substation under test.

[0024] Based on the wiring mode, the severity of the protection failure, and the accident chain risk index, the relay protection failure consequence assessment result of the substation under test under the protection failure operation is obtained.

[0025] In one embodiment, after obtaining the relay protection failure consequence assessment result of the substation under test under the protection failure operation based on the protection failure severity and the accident chain risk index, the method further includes:

[0026] The fault protection adjustment strategy for the substation under test is generated based on the relay protection fault consequence assessment results.

[0027] Feedback on the fault protection adjustment strategy.

[0028] Secondly, this application also provides a relay protection fault consequence assessment device, the device comprising:

[0029] The model acquisition module is used to acquire the substation topology model of the substation under test;

[0030] The model simulation module is used to apply simulated strong electromagnetic pulse effects and protection fault actions to the substation topology model, and obtain simulation output data of the substation topology model under the influence of the strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault.

[0031] The simulation data processing module is used to determine load loss data, active power fluctuation data, voltage fluctuation data, and fault chain probability data based on the simulation output data.

[0032] The simulation result processing module is used to determine the severity of protection failure of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault based on the load loss data, the active power fluctuation data and the voltage fluctuation data, and to determine the accident chain risk index of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault based on the accident chain probability data.

[0033] The fault consequence assessment module is used to obtain the relay protection fault consequence assessment result of the substation under test under the protection fault operation condition based on the protection failure severity and the accident chain risk index.

[0034] Thirdly, this application also provides a computer device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to perform the following steps:

[0035] Obtain the substation topology model of the substation under test;

[0036] Simulated strong electromagnetic pulse effects and protection fault actions are applied to the substation topology model to obtain simulation output data of the substation topology model under the influence of the strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault.

[0037] Based on the simulation output data, determine the load loss data, active power fluctuation data, voltage fluctuation data, and accident chain probability data;

[0038] Based on the load loss data, the active power fluctuation data, and the voltage fluctuation data, the severity of protection failure of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault is determined. Based on the accident chain probability data, the accident chain risk index of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault is determined.

[0039] Based on the severity of the protection failure and the accident chain risk index, the relay protection failure consequence assessment result of the substation under test under the protection failure operation is obtained.

[0040] Fourthly, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, performs the following steps:

[0041] Obtain the substation topology model of the substation under test;

[0042] Simulated strong electromagnetic pulse effects and protection fault actions are applied to the substation topology model to obtain simulation output data of the substation topology model under the influence of the strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault.

[0043] Based on the simulation output data, determine the load loss data, active power fluctuation data, voltage fluctuation data, and accident chain probability data;

[0044] Based on the load loss data, the active power fluctuation data, and the voltage fluctuation data, the severity of protection failure of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault is determined. Based on the accident chain probability data, the accident chain risk index of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault is determined.

[0045] Based on the severity of the protection failure and the accident chain risk index, the relay protection failure consequence assessment result of the substation under test under the protection failure operation is obtained.

[0046] Fifthly, this application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, performs the following steps:

[0047] Obtain the substation topology model of the substation under test;

[0048] Simulated strong electromagnetic pulse effects and protection fault actions are applied to the substation topology model to obtain simulation output data of the substation topology model under the influence of the strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault.

[0049] Based on the simulation output data, determine the load loss data, active power fluctuation data, voltage fluctuation data, and accident chain probability data;

[0050] Based on the load loss data, the active power fluctuation data, and the voltage fluctuation data, the severity of protection failure of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault is determined. Based on the accident chain probability data, the accident chain risk index of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault is determined.

[0051] Based on the severity of the protection failure and the accident chain risk index, the relay protection failure consequence assessment result of the substation under test under the protection failure operation is obtained.

[0052] The aforementioned relay protection fault consequence assessment method, device, computer equipment, storage medium, and computer program product acquire the substation topology model of the substation under test; apply simulated strong electromagnetic pulse (ESP) effects and protection fault actions to the substation topology model to obtain simulation output data of the substation topology model under the influence of ESP and protection faults; determine load loss data, active power fluctuation data, voltage fluctuation data, and accident chain probability data based on the simulation output data; determine the protection failure severity of the substation under test under the influence of ESP and protection faults based on the load loss data, active power fluctuation data, and voltage fluctuation data; determine the accident chain risk index of the substation under test under the influence of ESP and protection faults based on the accident chain probability data; and obtain the relay protection fault consequence assessment result of the substation under test under the protection fault action condition based on the protection failure severity and accident chain risk index. This application simulates relay protection faults under strong electromagnetic pulse influence by applying strong electromagnetic pulse effects and protection fault actions to a substation topology model. This simulation yields various protection failure data and accident chain probability data following the relay protection fault. Based on these data, the impact of a single protection fault action on the substation is assessed. Furthermore, the accident chain probability data measures the impact of the accident chain triggered by the protection fault action on the substation. Finally, by combining the determined protection failure severity and accident chain risk indicators, the consequences of relay protection faults in the substation under test are evaluated. This approach effectively improves the accuracy of relay protection failure consequence assessment under strong electromagnetic pulse influence. Attached Figure Description

[0053] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or related technologies of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0054] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating the application environment of a relay protection fault consequence assessment method in one embodiment.

[0055] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a relay protection fault consequence assessment method in one embodiment;

[0056] Figure 3 In one embodiment Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the sub-process of step 207;

[0057] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of protection failure severity calculation in one embodiment;

[0058] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of incident chain assessment in one embodiment;

[0059] Figure 6 This is a structural block diagram of a relay protection fault consequence assessment device in one embodiment;

[0060] Figure 7 This is an internal structural diagram of a computer device in one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0061] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0062] The relay protection fault consequence assessment method provided in this application embodiment can be applied to, for example, Figure 1 In the application environment shown, terminal 102 communicates with server 104 via a network. A data storage system can store the data that server 104 needs to process. The data storage system can be integrated onto server 104, or it can be located in the cloud or on another network server. When a user at terminal 102 needs to assess the consequences of a relay protection fault at a designated substation, they can submit a corresponding assessment request to server 104. Server 104 will then assess the consequences of the relay protection fault at the substation under test. Server 104 first obtains the substation topology model of the substation under test; it applies simulated strong electromagnetic pulse (ESP) effects and protection fault actions to the substation topology model, obtaining simulation output data of the substation topology model under the influence of ESP and protection faults; based on the simulation output data, it determines load loss data, active power fluctuation data, voltage fluctuation data, and accident chain probability data; based on the load loss data, active power fluctuation data, and voltage fluctuation data, it determines the severity of protection failure at the substation under test under the influence of ESP and protection faults; based on the accident chain probability data, it determines the accident chain risk index of the substation under test under the influence of ESP and protection faults; and based on the protection failure severity and accident chain risk index, it obtains the relay protection fault consequence assessment result of the substation under test under the protection fault action condition. The terminal 102 can be, but is not limited to, various personal computers, laptops, smartphones, tablets, IoT devices, and portable wearable devices. IoT devices can include smart speakers, smart TVs, smart air conditioners, and smart in-vehicle systems. Portable wearable devices can include smartwatches, smart bracelets, and head-mounted devices. The server 104 can be implemented using a standalone server or a server cluster consisting of multiple servers.

[0063] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 2As shown, a method for assessing the consequences of relay protection faults is provided, and this method is applied to... Figure 1 Taking server 104 as an example, the explanation includes the following steps 201 to 209. Wherein:

[0064] Step 201: Obtain the substation topology model of the substation under test.

[0065] Step 203: Apply simulated strong electromagnetic pulse effects and protection fault actions to the substation topology model to obtain simulation output data of the substation topology model under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault.

[0066] A substation is a location in a power system that transforms voltage and current, receives electrical energy, and distributes it. A substation topology model refers to a simulation model of the substation under test, allowing for various simulation operations to be performed based on this model, thus enabling the assessment of the consequences of relay protection faults in the substation. Electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) are generated by nuclear explosions and non-nuclear EMP bombs (high-power microwave bombs). The EMP generated by a nuclear explosion is called a nuclear EMP; any nuclear weapon detonating above ground will produce an EMP, with energy approximately one millionth of the total energy of the nuclear explosion and frequencies ranging from hundreds of hertz to several megahertz. Non-nuclear EMP bombs utilize the energy generated by explosive explosions or chemical fuel combustion, converting it into high-power microwave radiation energy through microwave devices. They can emit pulsed microwave beams with peak power exceeding several megawatts and frequencies ranging from 1 gigahertz to 300 gigahertz, rapidly generating transient voltages of several thousand volts on exposed conductors (such as exposed wires and printed circuit board traces), causing irreparable damage to numerous electronic devices. Electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) can cause significant damage to substation equipment, triggering the substation's relay protection systems. By applying a protection fault action, simulation data of the substation under test after a relay protection fault can be determined, allowing for a quantitative assessment of the consequences of the fault. A protection fault action refers to an action that leads to relay protection failure, such as the relay protection equipment refusing to operate or malfunctioning. Simulation output data refers to the changes in voltage, current, load, and active power at various nodes within the substation topology model after the application of a simulated strong electromagnetic pulse and the protection fault action.

[0067] For example, in the relay protection process of a substation, the impact of protection failures at different stages on the power system varies. Major power outages are mainly caused by a chain of events, with line faults as the initial fault and line protection actions as subsequent faults. Although the forms of protection faults in actual power systems are diverse, considering the extremely low probability of multiple protection devices simultaneously malfunctioning or failing to operate, and that most protection faults are malfunctions or failures, there is currently no comprehensive quantitative assessment framework for substation protection failure and malfunction scenarios. Therefore, when users find it difficult to analyze the substation status after a relay protection fault, they can submit a corresponding assessment request to server 104 via terminal 102. After identifying the substation under test, server 104 first obtains the substation topology model, then applies simulated strong electromagnetic pulse influence and protection fault actions to the substation topology model. This allows it to determine the simulation output data after the relay protection process encounters a corresponding protection fault under the influence of a strong electromagnetic pulse, and to conduct a corresponding assessment and analysis of the consequences of the relay protection fault based on the simulation output data.

[0068] Step 205: Determine the load loss data, active power fluctuation data, voltage fluctuation data, and fault chain probability data based on the simulation output data.

[0069] Step 207: Determine the severity of protection failure of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault based on load loss data, active power fluctuation data and voltage fluctuation data, and determine the accident chain risk index of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault based on accident chain probability data.

[0070] Load loss data refers to the total load loss of the substation topology model before and after the impact of a strong electromagnetic pulse (ESP) and protection fault operation. Active power fluctuation data refers to the change in active power at each node in the substation topology model before and after the impact of ESP and protection fault operation. Voltage fluctuation data refers to the change in voltage at each node in the substation topology model before and after the impact of ESP and protection fault operation. Accident chain probability data refers to the probability analysis results of various aspects of the accident chain triggered by protection fault operation. Protection Finished Severity (PFS) is defined by combining indicators such as the severity of the consequences of load loss, voltage fluctuation, and active power fluctuation to assess the impact of a single protection malfunction on the substation. The accident chain risk indicator is the overall probability of an accident chain occurring, identified based on the accident chain probability data.

[0071] For example, after applying simulated strong electromagnetic pulse effects and protection fault actions to a substation topology model, load loss data, active power fluctuation data, and voltage fluctuation data can be obtained by analyzing changes in node data within the topology model and the overall model output. Simultaneously, the probability analysis results of various accident chains triggered by the protection fault actions in the topology model can be determined. Then, by combining the load loss data, active power fluctuation data, and voltage fluctuation data, the severity of the protection failure can be obtained. This severity quantifies the impact of protection fault actions on the entire system; by inputting different protection fault actions into the model, the severity of protection failure corresponding to different actions can be determined. Furthermore, by combining the probability data of various accident chains, the probability of the accident chain occurring can be measured, and the impact of the accident chain on the substation can be determined.

[0072] Step 209: Based on the severity of protection failure and the accident chain risk index, obtain the relay protection failure consequence assessment results of the substation under test under the condition of protection failure operation.

[0073] For example, after determining the severity of protection failure and the accident chain risk index, the consequences of relay protection failures in the substation under test can be assessed. A higher severity of protection failure indicates a greater impact of the protection failure on the relay protection of the substation under test. Conversely, a higher accident chain risk index indicates a greater probability of the protection failure triggering an accident chain, and thus a greater impact on the relay protection of the substation under test. In one embodiment, protection failure actions such as protection failure to operate and protection maloperation can be applied to each node within the substation under test to obtain the consequences of relay protection failures at each node. Then, based on the determined consequences of relay protection failures, node optimization processes can be performed on the substation under test, thereby reducing the severity of the consequences caused by protection failures after the substation encounters a strong electromagnetic pulse.

[0074] The aforementioned relay protection fault consequence assessment method involves: acquiring a substation topology model of the substation under test; applying simulated strong electromagnetic pulse (ESP) effects and protection fault actions to the substation topology model to obtain simulation output data of the substation topology model under the influence of ESP and protection faults; determining load loss data, active power fluctuation data, voltage fluctuation data, and accident chain probability data based on the simulation output data; determining the severity of protection failure under the influence of ESP and protection faults based on the load loss data, active power fluctuation data, and voltage fluctuation data; determining the accident chain risk index of the substation under test under the influence of ESP and protection faults based on the accident chain probability data; and obtaining the relay protection fault consequence assessment result of the substation under test under the protection fault action condition based on the protection failure severity and accident chain risk index. This application simulates relay protection faults under strong electromagnetic pulse influence by applying strong electromagnetic pulse effects and protection fault actions to a substation topology model. This simulation yields various protection failure data and accident chain probability data following the relay protection fault. Based on these data, the impact of a single protection fault action on the substation is assessed. Furthermore, the accident chain probability data measures the impact of the accident chain triggered by the protection fault action on the substation. Finally, by combining the determined protection failure severity and accident chain risk indicators, the consequences of relay protection faults in the substation under test are evaluated. This approach effectively improves the accuracy of relay protection failure consequence assessment under strong electromagnetic pulse influence.

[0075] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, step 207 includes:

[0076] Step 302: Determine the severity of the consequences of load loss based on the load loss data and the total load data of the substation topology model.

[0077] Step 304: Based on the active power fluctuation data, determine the active power data of each node in the substation topology model before and after the impact of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault, and determine the severity of the active power fluctuation consequences based on the active power data of each node before and after the impact of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault.

[0078] Step 306: Determine the node voltage data of each node in the substation topology model after the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault based on the voltage fluctuation data, and determine the severity of the voltage fluctuation consequences based on the voltage data of each node after the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault.

[0079] Step 308: Determine the severity of protection failure of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault based on the severity of the consequences of load loss, the severity of the consequences of active power fluctuation and the severity of the consequences of voltage fluctuation.

[0080] The severity of load loss consequences refers to the severity of the consequences caused by protection failures in terms of load loss, determined based on the value of the load loss and the total load of the substation. The severity of active power fluctuation consequences refers to the severity of the consequences caused by active power fluctuations due to protection failures at various nodes of the substation, determined based on the magnitude of active power fluctuations at each node. The severity of voltage fluctuation consequences refers to the severity of the consequences caused by voltage fluctuations due to protection failures at various nodes of the substation, determined based on the magnitude of voltage fluctuations at each node.

[0081] For example, such as Figure 4 As shown, to determine the severity of protection failure in a substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulses and protection faults, the severity of the consequences of load loss, active power fluctuation, and voltage fluctuation can be obtained first. Then, the final severity of protection failure is determined by a combination of these three factors. The severity of the consequences of load loss can be expressed as... It is indicated that the load is determined using load loss data and total load data from the substation topology model, and the calculation formula is as follows: ,in This refers to the load loss amount in the load loss data, and The total load data of the substation topology model. The severity of active power fluctuations is expressed using... It is stated that the active power data of each node before and after the impact of the strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault are used to determine the calculation formula:

[0082]

[0083] in The active power of each node before the fluctuations caused by strong electromagnetic pulses and protection faults. This represents the active power at each node after fluctuations caused by strong electromagnetic pulses and protection faults. The severity of the consequences of voltage fluctuations is expressed as... It is stated that the voltage data of each node is determined based on the effects of strong electromagnetic pulses and protection faults, and the calculation formula is as follows: , The data includes voltage data for each node after being affected by a strong electromagnetic pulse and a protection fault. By combining the effects of these three factors, the severity of the protection failure, which measures the overall impact, can be determined. In this embodiment, the overall severity of the protection failure is determined by using load loss data, active power fluctuation data, and voltage fluctuation data. This effectively quantifies the impact of protection fault actions on the entire substation system, thereby improving the accuracy of relay protection fault consequence assessment.

[0084] In an exemplary embodiment, determining the severity of protection failure of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault based on the severity of load loss consequences, the severity of active power fluctuation consequences, and the severity of voltage fluctuation consequences includes: obtaining the weighting coefficients corresponding to the severity of load loss consequences, the severity of active power fluctuation consequences, and the severity of voltage fluctuation consequences respectively; and obtaining the severity of protection failure of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault based on the sum of the products of the severity of load loss consequences, the severity of active power fluctuation consequences, and the severity of voltage fluctuation consequences and the weighting coefficients.

[0085] For example, since the impacts of load loss, voltage fluctuation, and active power fluctuation on the entire substation will vary, different severity levels of consequences correspond to different weighting coefficients. When calculating the overall protection failure severity, the weighting coefficients corresponding to the severity of load loss consequences, active power fluctuation consequences, and voltage fluctuation consequences can be obtained first. Then, the final protection failure severity is determined by combining each consequence severity with its corresponding weighting coefficient, thereby quantitatively analyzing the impact of protection fault actions on the system. The corresponding calculation formula is as follows: ,in , and These are the weighting coefficients for the severity of load loss consequences, active power fluctuation consequences, and voltage fluctuation consequences, respectively, and they satisfy the following conditions: In this embodiment, the weighting coefficients corresponding to different severity levels of consequences are obtained, and then the severity of the consequences is determined by combining the weighting coefficients.

[0086] In an exemplary embodiment, step 207 includes: determining the probability of primary equipment failure, the probability of protection failure, and the probability of backup protection correct operation under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection failure based on accident chain probability data; and determining the accident chain risk index of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse based on a preset consequence function and the probability of primary equipment failure, the probability of protection failure, and the probability of backup protection correct operation.

[0087] Among them, the primary equipment failure probability refers to the probability that applying a protection fault action will cause a failure in the primary equipment of the substation; the protection failure to operate probability refers to the probability that applying a protection fault action will cause a protection failure to operate in the substation; and the backup protection correct operation probability refers to the probability that applying a protection fault action will result in the backup protection operating correctly. All three probabilities can be derived from probability distributions based on engineering experience, using simulation output data.

[0088] For example, major power outages are mainly caused by accident chains, with line faults as the initial fault and line protection operation as the subsequent fault. Although the forms of protection faults in actual power systems are diverse, the probability of multiple protection devices simultaneously malfunctioning or failing to operate is extremely low, and most protection faults are malfunctions or failures to operate. Therefore, the two accident chains shown in Figure 5 can be used to assess the impact of incorrect protection operation on power grid safety. To assess the risks brought by accident chains, the possible accident chain formations in the substation can be predicted, including: Accident Chain 1: Bus fault + bus protection failure to operate + outgoing line backup protection operation / transformer protection operation; Accident Chain 2: Outgoing line fault + protection failure to operate + bus protection disconnection / opposite line protection disconnection. Therefore, after obtaining the simulation output data, analysis can be performed based on the simulation output data. Specifically, the probability distribution based on engineering experience can be used to determine the probability of primary equipment failure, protection failure to operate, and the probability of correct operation of backup protection. Then, based on the determined probabilities and combined with a preset consequence function, the accident chain risk index of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulses can be determined. Different accident chains have different probabilities of occurrence and may pose different risks to substations. Therefore, accident chain risk indicators can be defined to measure the impact of different accident chains on substations. It can be done Calculate, where, This represents the probability of a single equipment failure. To protect the probability of refusal to move, For the probability of correct action of backup protection, The pre-defined consequence function is used. In this embodiment, the probability of primary equipment failure, the probability of protection failure, and the probability of backup protection operating correctly are first determined. Then, the pre-defined consequence function is combined with these three probabilities to determine the accident chain risk index of the substation under test under the influence of a strong electromagnetic pulse, which can effectively improve the accuracy of accident chain risk index identification and processing.

[0089] In an exemplary embodiment, step 209 includes: determining the wiring mode of the substation under test based on the substation topology model of the substation under test; and obtaining the relay protection fault consequence assessment result of the substation under test under the condition of protection fault operation based on the wiring mode, protection failure severity and accident chain risk index.

[0090] For example, the wiring mode refers to the wiring method of the busbars within a substation, specifically including single-busbar operation mode and double-busbar operation mode. Different busbar operation modes correspond to different evaluation methods. Therefore, after obtaining the protection failure severity and accident chain risk index, it is necessary to determine the wiring mode of the substation under test based on the substation topology model. Then, by combining the wiring mode, protection failure severity, and accident chain risk index, the consequences of relay protection failures in the case of protection failure operation in the substation under test are finally evaluated to obtain the required evaluation results. By classifying different wiring modes such as single-busbar operation mode and double-busbar operation mode, and combining actual power grid operation and maintenance data, the probability of various protection maloperations can be defined and calculated. Thus, the impact of the accident chain on the substation can be measured separately under single-busbar operation mode and double-busbar operation mode. For the evaluation method, a risk index calculation model can be used for calculation. In this embodiment, by combining the wiring mode to evaluate the consequences of relay protection faults, the consequences of relay protection faults under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulses in substations can be accurately assessed, thereby improving the overall stability and safety of substations and power systems.

[0091] In an exemplary embodiment, after step 209, the method further includes: generating a fault protection adjustment strategy for the substation under test based on the relay protection fault consequence assessment results; and feeding back the fault protection adjustment strategy.

[0092] For example, after obtaining the relay protection fault consequence assessment results, the severity of protection failure and accident chain risk indicators corresponding to different types of protection fault actions at each node of the substation can be determined. This allows for the identification of nodes within the substation that can be optimized and the optimization direction, resulting in a fault protection adjustment strategy for the substation under test. This strategy can then be fed back to the relevant substation operation and maintenance personnel for further optimization. In this embodiment, by generating a fault protection adjustment strategy for the substation under test based on the relay protection fault consequence assessment results, corresponding analysis results can be effectively generated after assessing the relay protection fault consequences. This optimizes the substation's design structure, ensuring reduced risks caused by protection faults under strong electromagnetic pulse influence and improving the substation's operational stability.

[0093] In one embodiment, this application provides a method for assessing the consequences of relay protection faults, comprising: acquiring a substation topology model of the substation under test; applying simulated strong electromagnetic pulse (ESP) effects and protection fault actions to the substation topology model to obtain simulation output data of the substation topology model under the influence of ESP and protection faults; determining load loss data, active power fluctuation data, voltage fluctuation data, and fault chain probability data based on the simulation output data; determining the severity of load loss consequences based on the load loss data and the total load data of the substation topology model; determining the active power data of each node of the substation topology model before and after the influence of ESP and protection faults based on the active power fluctuation data; and determining the active power data of each node of the substation topology model before and after the influence of ESP and protection faults based on the strong electromagnetic pulse. The severity of active power fluctuation consequences is determined by analyzing the active power data of each node before and after the impact of electromagnetic pulses and protection faults. The severity of voltage fluctuation consequences is determined by analyzing the node voltage data of each node in the substation topology model after the impact of strong electromagnetic pulses and protection faults, based on voltage fluctuation data. Weighting coefficients are obtained for the severity of load loss consequences, active power fluctuation consequences, and voltage fluctuation consequences. The severity of protection failure under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulses and protection faults is obtained by summing the products of the severity of load loss consequences, active power fluctuation consequences, and voltage fluctuation consequences with their respective weighting coefficients. The probability of primary equipment failure, the probability of protection failure, and the probability of correct backup protection operation under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulses and protection faults are determined based on accident chain probability data. Accident chain risk indicators for the substation under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulses are determined based on a preset consequence function and the primary equipment failure probability, protection failure probability, and backup protection operation probability. The wiring mode of the substation under test is determined based on the substation topology model. Based on the wiring mode, protection failure severity, and accident chain risk indicators, the relay protection fault consequence assessment results are obtained for the substation under test under protection failure operation conditions. A fault protection adjustment strategy for the substation under test is generated based on the relay protection fault consequence assessment results; the fault protection adjustment strategy is then fed back.

[0094] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the above embodiments are shown sequentially according to the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some steps in the flowcharts of the above embodiments may include multiple steps or multiple stages. These steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least some of the steps or stages of other steps.

[0095] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a multi-load scenario data processing apparatus for implementing the multi-load scenario data processing method described above. The solution provided by this apparatus is similar to the implementation scheme described in the above method; therefore, the specific limitations in one or more embodiments of the multi-load scenario data processing apparatus provided below can be found in the limitations of the multi-load scenario data processing method described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0096] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, a relay protection fault consequence assessment device is provided, comprising:

[0097] The model acquisition module 601 is used to acquire the substation topology model of the substation under test.

[0098] The model simulation module 603 is used to apply simulated strong electromagnetic pulse effects and protection fault actions to the substation topology model, and obtain simulation output data of the substation topology model under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulses and protection faults.

[0099] The simulation data processing module 605 is used to determine load loss data, active power fluctuation data, voltage fluctuation data, and fault chain probability data based on the simulation output data.

[0100] The simulation result processing module 607 is used to determine the severity of protection failure of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault based on load loss data, active power fluctuation data and voltage fluctuation data, and to determine the accident chain risk index of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault based on accident chain probability data.

[0101] The fault consequence assessment module 609 is used to obtain the relay protection fault consequence assessment results of the substation under test under the protection fault operation situation based on the protection failure severity and accident chain risk index.

[0102] In one embodiment, the simulation result processing module 607 is specifically used to: determine the severity of load loss consequences based on load loss data and total load data of the substation topology model; determine the active power data of each node in the substation topology model before and after the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault based on active power fluctuation data, and determine the severity of active power fluctuation consequences based on the active power data of each node before and after the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault; determine the node voltage data of each node in the substation topology model after the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault based on voltage fluctuation data, and determine the severity of voltage fluctuation consequences based on the voltage data of each node after the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault; and determine the severity of protection failure of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault based on the severity of load loss consequences, the severity of active power fluctuation consequences, and the severity of voltage fluctuation consequences.

[0103] In one embodiment, the simulation result processing module 607 is specifically used to: obtain the weight coefficients corresponding to the severity of load loss consequences, the severity of active power fluctuation consequences, and the severity of voltage fluctuation consequences; and obtain the protection failure severity of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulses and protection faults based on the sum of the products of the severity of load loss consequences, the severity of active power fluctuation consequences, and the severity of voltage fluctuation consequences and the weight coefficients.

[0104] In one embodiment, the simulation result processing module 607 is specifically used to: determine the probability of primary equipment failure, the probability of protection failure, and the probability of backup protection correct operation under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection failure based on accident chain probability data; and determine the accident chain risk index of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse based on the preset consequence function and the probability of primary equipment failure, the probability of protection failure, and the probability of backup protection correct operation.

[0105] In one embodiment, the fault consequence assessment module 609 is specifically used to: determine the wiring mode of the substation under test based on the substation topology model of the substation under test; and obtain the relay protection fault consequence assessment result of the substation under test under the condition of protection failure operation based on the wiring mode, protection failure severity and accident chain risk index.

[0106] In one embodiment, the system further includes a strategy generation module, which is used to: generate a fault protection adjustment strategy for the substation under test based on the relay protection fault consequence assessment results; and provide feedback on the fault protection adjustment strategy.

[0107] Each module in the aforementioned relay protection fault consequence assessment device can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. These modules can be embedded in the processor of a computer device in hardware form or independent of it, or stored in the memory of a computer device in software form, so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of each module.

[0108] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a server, and its internal structure diagram may be as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the computer device includes a processor, memory, input / output (I / O) interfaces, and a communication interface. The processor, memory, and I / O interfaces are connected via a system bus, and the communication interface is also connected to the system bus via the I / O interfaces. The processor provides computational and control capabilities. The memory includes non-volatile storage media and internal memory. The non-volatile storage media stores the operating system, computer programs, and a database. The internal memory provides the environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs stored in the non-volatile storage media. The database stores data related to relay protection fault consequence assessment. The I / O interfaces are used for information exchange between the processor and external devices. The communication interface is used for communication with external terminals via a network connection. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements a relay protection fault consequence assessment method.

[0109] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 7 The structure shown is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present application and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the present application is applied. Specific computer devices may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0110] In one embodiment, a computer device is also provided, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps in the above method embodiments.

[0111] In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above method embodiments.

[0112] In one embodiment, a computer program product is provided that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above method embodiments.

[0113] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of the relevant data must comply with relevant regulations.

[0114] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the computer program can include the processes of the embodiments described above. Any references to memory, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can take many forms, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) or Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM). The databases involved in the embodiments provided in this application may include at least one type of relational database and non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, blockchain-based distributed databases. The processors involved in the embodiments provided in this application may be general-purpose processors, central processing units, graphics processing units, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, quantum computing-based data processing logic devices, etc., and are not limited to these.

[0115] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0116] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method of post-fault consequence assessment for a protective relay, characterized by, The method includes: Obtain the substation topology model of the substation under test; Simulated strong electromagnetic pulse effects and protection fault actions are applied to the substation topology model to obtain simulation output data of the substation topology model under the influence of the strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault. Based on the simulation output data, determine the load loss data, active power fluctuation data, voltage fluctuation data, and accident chain probability data; Based on the load loss data and the total load data of the substation topology model, the severity of the load loss consequences is determined; based on the active power fluctuation data, the active power data of each node in the substation topology model before and after the impact of the strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault are determined, and the severity of the active power fluctuation consequences is determined; based on the voltage fluctuation data, the node voltage data of each node in the substation topology model after the impact of the strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault are determined, and the severity of the voltage fluctuation consequences is determined; based on the severity of the load loss consequences, the severity of the active power fluctuation consequences, and the severity of the voltage fluctuation consequences, the severity of the protection failure of the substation under test under the influence of the strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault is determined; based on the accident chain probability data, the probability of primary equipment failure, the probability of protection failure, and the probability of correct operation of backup protection under the influence of the strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault are determined; based on the preset consequence function and the probability of primary equipment failure, the probability of protection failure, and the probability of correct operation of backup protection, the accident chain risk index of the substation under test under the influence of the strong electromagnetic pulse is determined. Based on the severity of the protection failure and the accident chain risk index, the relay protection failure consequence assessment result of the substation under test under the protection failure operation is obtained.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The determination of the severity of protection failure of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulses and protection faults based on the severity of the consequences of load loss, the severity of the consequences of active power fluctuation, and the severity of the consequences of voltage fluctuation includes: Obtain the weighting coefficients corresponding to the severity of the load loss consequences, the severity of the active power fluctuation consequences, and the severity of the voltage fluctuation consequences; The severity of protection failure of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault is obtained by summing the products of the severity of the load loss consequences, the severity of the active power fluctuation consequences, and the severity of the voltage fluctuation consequences with the weighting coefficient.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The assessment results of the relay protection failure consequences of the substation under test under the protection failure operation, based on the protection failure severity and the accident chain risk index, include: The wiring mode of the substation under test is determined based on the substation topology model of the substation under test. Based on the wiring mode, the severity of the protection failure, and the accident chain risk index, the relay protection failure consequence assessment result of the substation under test under the protection failure operation is obtained.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, After obtaining the relay protection failure consequence assessment result of the substation under test under the protection failure operation condition based on the protection failure severity and the accident chain risk index, the method further includes: The fault protection adjustment strategy for the substation under test is generated based on the relay protection fault consequence assessment results. Feedback on the fault protection adjustment strategy.

5. A protective relay fault consequence assessment apparatus, characterized by, The device includes: The model acquisition module is used to acquire the substation topology model of the substation under test; The model simulation module is used to apply simulated strong electromagnetic pulse effects and protection fault actions to the substation topology model, and obtain simulation output data of the substation topology model under the influence of the strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault. The simulation data processing module is used to determine load loss data, active power fluctuation data, voltage fluctuation data, and fault chain probability data based on the simulation output data. The simulation result processing module is used to determine the severity of load loss consequences based on the load loss data and the total load data of the substation topology model; to determine the active power data of each node in the substation topology model before and after the impact of the strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault based on the active power fluctuation data, and to determine the severity of active power fluctuation consequences based on the active power data of each node before and after the impact of the strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault; and to determine the node voltage data of each node in the substation topology model after the impact of the strong electromagnetic pulse and protection fault based on the voltage fluctuation data. The data determines the severity of voltage fluctuation consequences; based on the severity of load loss consequences, the severity of active power fluctuation consequences, and the severity of voltage fluctuation consequences, the severity of protection failure of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulses and protection faults is determined; based on the accident chain probability data, the probability of primary equipment failure, the probability of protection failure to operate, and the probability of correct operation of backup protection under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulses and protection faults are determined; based on the preset consequence function and the probability of primary equipment failure, the probability of protection failure to operate, and the probability of correct operation of backup protection, the accident chain risk index of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulses is determined. The fault consequence assessment module is used to obtain the relay protection fault consequence assessment result of the substation under test under the protection fault operation condition based on the protection failure severity and the accident chain risk index.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The simulation result processing module is specifically used to: obtain the weight coefficients corresponding to the severity of the load loss consequences, the severity of the active power fluctuation consequences, and the severity of the voltage fluctuation consequences; and obtain the protection failure severity of the substation under test under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulses and protection faults based on the sum of the products of the severity of the load loss consequences, the severity of the active power fluctuation consequences, and the severity of the voltage fluctuation consequences and the weight coefficients.

7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein, The fault consequence assessment module is specifically used to: determine the wiring mode of the substation under test based on the substation topology model of the substation under test; and obtain the relay protection fault consequence assessment result of the substation under test under the protection fault operation condition based on the wiring mode, the protection failure severity and the accident chain risk index.

8. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

10. A computer program product comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

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