Blockchain-based trusted electromagnetic spectrum management method, system and device and medium

Abstract

The application discloses a trusted electromagnetic spectrum management method, system, device and medium based on a blockchain priority auction consensus, which introduces a blockchain method to solve the problem of trusted dynamic formation electromagnetic spectrum resource allocation in a fake electromagnetic spectrum sensing attack scene, and fully considers relevant electromagnetic information such as priority of a formation frequency device, formation task type and quantized electromagnetic environment information in electromagnetic spectrum pricing and transaction auction processes, so as to guide the electromagnetic spectrum transaction process to be more in line with an actual formation electromagnetic environment, and finally realize formation electromagnetic spectrum efficiency maximization in a fake electromagnetic spectrum attack based on a blockchain technology. The system, device and medium perform trusted electromagnetic spectrum management based on a trusted electromagnetic spectrum management strategy based on a blockchain priority auction consensus, which is constructed based on three aspects of a system architecture, electromagnetic spectrum sensing and electromagnetic spectrum transaction, has the advantages of safety, trustworthiness and decentralization, and solves the safety problem of formation electromagnetic spectrum management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of trusted electromagnetic spectrum management technology, and particularly relates to a trusted electromagnetic spectrum management method, system, device and medium based on blockchain priority auction consensus. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of broadband services and the emergence of fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication networks, the demand for radio electromagnetic spectrum has surged significantly (B. Nour, A. Ksentini, N. Herbaut, PA Frangoudis and H. Moungla, "A Blockchain-Based Network Slice Broker for 5G Services," IEEE Networking Lett., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 99-102, Sept. 2019). Furthermore, the increasing number of interconnected devices and the surge in user data consumption have further intensified the demand for electromagnetic spectrum (M. Tian, ​​H. Deng and M. Xu, "Immune Parallel Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm For Spectrum Allocation In Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks," in Proc. Int. Conf.Comput.Inf. Telecommun. Syst. (CITS), Hangzhou, China, 2020, pp. 1-4). These developments are limited by centralized, static electromagnetic spectrum allocation and management solutions, resulting in underutilization and inefficiency of the electromagnetic spectrum.

[0003] Blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionize electromagnetic spectrum allocation by introducing efficiency, transparency, and trust into the process (S. Hu, Y. Pei and Y.-C. Liang, "Sensing-Mining-Access Tradeoff in Blockchain-Enabled Dynamic Spectrum Access," IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 820-824, April 2021). Blockchain automates and simplifies the electromagnetic spectrum allocation process, eliminating the need for intermediaries and reducing transaction complexity (H. Zhang, S. Leng, Y. Wei and J. He, "A Blockchain Enhanced Coexistence of Heterogeneous Networks on Unlicensed Spectrum," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 71, no. 7, pp. 7613-7624, July 2022). Blockchain's cryptographic algorithms and consensus mechanisms provide robust security for electromagnetic spectrum allocation. Each transaction is encrypted, timestamped, and linked to previous transactions, creating an immutable record resistant to tampering and fraud (MBH Weiss, K. Werbach, DC Sicker and CEC Bastidas, "On the Application of Blockchains to Spectrum Management," IEEE Trans. Cognit. Commun. Networking, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 193-205, June 2019). This feature enhances the integrity of the electromagnetic spectrum allocation record, reducing the risk of unauthorized modification or disputes. Its decentralized consensus mechanism eliminates the need for intermediaries and reduces reliance on centralized institutions for trust verification.

[0004] However, using existing consensus protocols in blockchain-based electromagnetic spectrum allocation may not fully leverage the potential advantages and efficiency of blockchain. It cannot solve some problems associated with the original protocols, such as high latency, low throughput, and high energy consumption. Researchers have begun to address these challenges by exploring potential solutions. For example, Xue et al. (L. Xue, W. Yang, W. Chen and L. Huang, "STBC: A Novel Blockchain-Based SpectrumTrading Solution," IEEE Trans. Cognit. Commun. Networking, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 13-30, March 2022) proposed a novel blockchain-based decentralized distributed electromagnetic spectrum allocation protocol. Hu et al. (S. Hu, Y.-C. Liang, Z. Xiong and D. Niyato, "Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence for Dynamic Resource Sharing in 6G and Beyond," IEEE Wireless Commun., vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 145-151, August 2021) proposed a dynamic resource sharing architecture based on blockchain and artificial intelligence. Sun et al. (W. Sun, L. Wang, P. Wang and Y. Zhang, "Collaborative Blockchain for Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks," IEEE Wireless Commun., vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 82-89, December 2020) introduced a collaborative blockchain architecture for integrating space, air, and ground networks to achieve secure and efficient management of various resources.Gorla et al. (P. Gorla, V. Chamola, V. Hassija and N. Ansari, "Blockchain Based Framework for Modeling and Evaluating 5G Spectrum Sharing," IEEE Network, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 229-235, March / April 2021) proposed a blockchain-based model to provide multi-carrier services for 5G users and facilitate electromagnetic spectrum management within and across multiple telecom operators. In addition, Boateng et al. (GO Boateng, D. Ayepah-Mensah, DM Doe, A. Mohammed, G. Sunand G. Liu, "Blockchain-Enabled Resource Trading and Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Autonomous RAN Slicing in 5G," IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv.Manage. , vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 216-227, March 2022) proposed a novel layered framework for blockchain-based resource allocation among peer-to-peer mobile virtual network operators.

[0005] Based on the above analysis, the problems and shortcomings of the existing technology are as follows: (1) Existing technologies provide useful insights for the use of blockchain in electromagnetic spectrum management, but they cannot be used for cognitive radio because they do not prioritize primary users.

[0006] (2) Existing technologies do not consider the problem of reliable dynamic allocation of electromagnetic spectrum resources in the event of a forged electromagnetic spectrum sensing attack.

[0007] (3) Existing technologies do not take into account the priority of frequency-using equipment in the electromagnetic spectrum pricing and auction process, and do not guide the electromagnetic spectrum allocation process to be more accurately consistent with the actual electromagnetic environment. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To overcome the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a trusted electromagnetic spectrum management method, system, medium, and device based on blockchain priority auction consensus. By introducing blockchain methods to solve the problem of trusted dynamic formation electromagnetic spectrum resource allocation under fake electromagnetic spectrum sensing attacks, and by fully considering the priority of frequency-using equipment, formation task type, and quantified electromagnetic environment information during electromagnetic spectrum pricing and auction, the invention guides the electromagnetic spectrum trading process to better conform to the actual formation electromagnetic environment. Ultimately, it maximizes the efficiency of formation electromagnetic spectrum under fake electromagnetic spectrum attacks based on blockchain technology. The invention constructs a trusted electromagnetic spectrum management strategy based on blockchain priority auction consensus, encompassing system architecture, electromagnetic spectrum sensing, and electromagnetic spectrum trading. Addressing the difficulty of existing dynamic planning methods for electromagnetic spectrum resources in meeting the reliable electromagnetic spectrum resource management needs of formations under fake electromagnetic spectrum sensing attacks, the invention introduces a blockchain composed of data blocks linked by cryptographic methods. Utilizing its unique advantages of security, trustworthiness, and decentralization, the invention solves the security problem of formation electromagnetic spectrum management.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A trusted electromagnetic spectrum management method based on blockchain priority auction consensus is proposed. This method uses each frequency-using device in a swarm as a user node and establishes a trusted swarm electromagnetic spectrum management model based on blockchain technology, simulating a scenario of spoofed electromagnetic spectrum sensing attacks. After user nodes collect electromagnetic spectrum data and verify its source, they group this data into a block. Each newly formed block is linked to the previous block to create an electromagnetic spectrum blockchain for storage. Simultaneously, each user node transfers electromagnetic spectrum usage rights through an auction method based on priority auction consensus, thereby achieving trusted allocation of the swarm's electromagnetic spectrum.

[0010] A trusted electromagnetic spectrum management method based on blockchain-based priority auction consensus includes the following steps: Step 1: Using each frequency-using device in the formation as a user node, and taking the scenario of a fake electromagnetic spectrum sensing attack as the background, establish a trusted formation electromagnetic spectrum management model based on blockchain technology, including a formation frequency management transaction pool, an electromagnetic spectrum database, user nodes, and a spectrum certification authority. Step 2: After collecting electromagnetic spectrum data and verifying the source of the electromagnetic spectrum data through the user nodes in the model established in Step 1, these electromagnetic spectrum data are grouped into blocks. Each new block is linked to the previous block to form an electromagnetic spectrum blockchain, which is then stored in the electromagnetic spectrum database. Step 3: Each user node obtains complete spectrum sensing information through the electromagnetic spectrum database in Step 2, and uses an auction method based on priority auction consensus to transfer the right to use electromagnetic spectrum through the fleet frequency management trading pool and spectrum certification agency, thereby completing the allocation of fleet trusted electromagnetic spectrum.

[0011] The specific process of step one is as follows: Using each frequency-using device in the formation as a user node and taking the scenario of a fake electromagnetic spectrum perception attack as the background, a trusted formation electromagnetic spectrum management model based on blockchain technology is established. The trusted formation electromagnetic spectrum management model includes a formation frequency management transaction pool, an electromagnetic spectrum database, user nodes, and a spectrum certification authority. The electromagnetic spectrum trading pool publishes electromagnetic spectrum trading request and response information. Users with electromagnetic spectrum needs publish electromagnetic spectrum trading request information, and electromagnetic spectrum holders in user nodes publish information about selling electromagnetic spectrum to the electromagnetic spectrum trading pool. The electromagnetic spectrum database provides users in the system with scene awareness information. During this process, users provide electromagnetic spectrum coins to the electromagnetic spectrum database as commission, thereby reducing the impact of attacks from malicious adversaries. The spectrum certification authority supervises the electromagnetic spectrum trading pool and the electromagnetic spectrum database to improve the fairness of the system.

[0012] The electromagnetic spectrum database, spectrum certification authority, and each user node all have backups containing the same electromagnetic spectrum blockchain. The initial electromagnetic spectrum blockchain was formed from a blank genesis block.

[0013] The specific process of step two is as follows: Each user in the formation has spectrum sensing capabilities, continuously collecting electromagnetic spectrum data. When the data volume reaches a specified value, these electromagnetic spectrum data are grouped into a block. Each newly formed block updates and supplements the electromagnetic spectrum database, linking it to the database's electromagnetic spectrum blockchain. When a new block is added to the blockchain, electromagnetic spectrum coins are issued to all users who provided electromagnetic spectrum data for that block, distributed proportionally based on each user's contribution to the block. For every M GB of qualified electromagnetic spectrum data generated, S electromagnetic spectrum coins are issued. If a certain electromagnetic spectrum data collection task will generate X MB of electromagnetic spectrum data, then a total of [number missing] electromagnetic spectrum coins need to be issued. There are electromagnetic spectrum coins, of which users 1, 2, ..., n contributed in sequence. , … After the electromagnetic spectrum data of MB is obtained, users 1, 2, ..., n are sequentially assigned... , … Electromagnetic spectrum currency.

[0014] The specific process of step three is as follows: Each user node updates its own electromagnetic spectrum blockchain through the electromagnetic spectrum database updated in step two, in order to obtain complete formation electromagnetic spectrum data. Based on the complete formation electromagnetic spectrum data, it obtains and publishes transaction information to the formation frequency management transaction pool to make a request to obtain or transfer the right to use a certain electromagnetic spectrum. The trusted formation electromagnetic spectrum management model uses an auction method to transfer the right to use the electromagnetic spectrum, and the pricing of electromagnetic spectrum transactions... The above fully considers the priority of the frequency-using equipment in the current formation. Formation mission types Current electromagnetic spectrum occupancy and electromagnetic environment and equipment characteristics Relevant information is provided to ensure the credibility of blockchain-based electromagnetic spectrum allocation in the event of a pseudo-electromagnetic spectrum attack. The pricing mechanism for electromagnetic spectrum transactions is as follows:

[0015] The auction rules are based on the Widmanstätten auction, stipulating that within a certain time period, all secondary users can choose to bid or remain on the sidelines. Whenever a user bids, the trusted array electromagnetic spectrum management model updates the current second-highest bid display. Secondary users can choose to continue bidding or remain on the sidelines until the time expires. The user with the highest bid wins the right to use the electromagnetic spectrum at the second-highest price. Secondary users can choose to remain on the sidelines without bidding or to bid at any given time. However, since there is only one winner at any given moment—that is, only the secondary user with the highest bid can exclusively obtain the right to use the electromagnetic spectrum—the array electromagnetic spectrum allocation strategy... It can be represented as:

[0016] in, This indicates the total number of secondary users who participated in the auction. Indicates the first The strategy for each user is as follows: 0 indicates a failed bid, and 1 indicates a successful bid. At most one user can successfully bid. Let's assume the first user... The price quoted by each user is recorded as follows: Therefore, the auction result for the second user can be expressed as:

[0017] At this point, the cost that the secondary user needs to pay for:

[0018] in, This indicates the second highest bid in the auction; The Trusted Squad Electromagnetic Spectrum Management Model stipulates that each time a frequency-using device bids, it must send not only the bid but also the key to improve auction security under pseudo-electromagnetic spectrum attacks. The Trusted Squad Electromagnetic Spectrum Management Model performs hash calculations on the bid and key to verify the identity of the winner to ensure fairness. Compared with traditional repeated auctions, the Trusted Squad Electromagnetic Spectrum Management Model introduces a final unveiling step. For cases where the identity credential of a frequency-using device on the blockchain platform is a string of passwords, and to prevent secondary users from winning bids but not paying, a specified amount of "deposit" needs to be deducted before the auction. Each spectrum transaction generates an electromagnetic spectrum ledger. Once this ledger information accumulates to a specified value, it is grouped into a block and linked to the electromagnetic spectrum blockchain. The electromagnetic spectrum database, spectrum certification authorities, and the electromagnetic spectrum blockchains of each user node are updated synchronously.

[0019] The process of hashing the bid and key in the trusted formation electromagnetic spectrum management model described in step three is as follows: The trusted array electromagnetic spectrum management model transmits electromagnetic spectrum data / electromagnetic spectrum currency using asymmetric encryption, and each frequency-using device in the network possesses a public key. and private key The public key is published on the network, and any node can access it via the public key. The electromagnetic spectrum data is downloaded and encrypted. The private key is stored on the device terminal and used to decrypt the electromagnetic spectrum blocks to obtain the electromagnetic spectrum data. The subsequent trusted formation electromagnetic spectrum management model verifies whether the electromagnetic spectrum data has been modified through asymmetric encryption, and the user generates electromagnetic spectrum data using a hash algorithm. Abstract Then use the private key Abstract Encryption to generate digital signatures And upload it to the server; the server uses the public key Decrypting and processing digital signatures Get summary And thus to and Comparative verification was conducted.

[0020] A system for a trusted electromagnetic spectrum management method based on blockchain priority auction consensus includes: The system architecture module is used to establish a trusted formation electromagnetic spectrum management model based on blockchain technology in step one; The electromagnetic spectrum sensing module is used to collect electromagnetic spectrum data and verify the data source in step two, and then form electromagnetic spectrum blocks to be added to the electromagnetic spectrum blockchain. The electromagnetic spectrum trading module is used to allocate electromagnetic spectrum in step three using an auction method based on blockchain-based priority auction consensus.

[0021] An apparatus for a trusted electromagnetic spectrum management method based on blockchain priority auction consensus includes: a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, it is able to implement the trusted electromagnetic spectrum management method based on blockchain priority auction consensus.

[0022] A storage medium for receiving user input programs, wherein the computer program stored in the storage medium, when executed by a processor, is capable of performing trusted electromagnetic spectrum management based on blockchain-based priority auction consensus, according to the aforementioned trusted electromagnetic spectrum management method based on blockchain priority auction consensus.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of this invention are as follows: This invention constructs a trusted electromagnetic spectrum management strategy based on blockchain priority auction consensus, based on three aspects: system architecture, electromagnetic spectrum sensing, and electromagnetic spectrum trading. Addressing the problem that existing dynamic planning methods for electromagnetic spectrum resources are insufficient to meet the reliable electromagnetic spectrum resource management needs of array formations under spoofed electromagnetic spectrum sensing attacks, this invention introduces a blockchain composed of data blocks linked by cryptographic methods. Leveraging its unique advantages of security, trustworthiness, and decentralization, this invention solves the security problem of array formation electromagnetic spectrum management.

[0024] This invention proposes a trusted electromagnetic spectrum management architecture based on blockchain priority auction consensus, which fills the gap in the field of trusted dynamic formation electromagnetic spectrum resource allocation under the scenario of fake electromagnetic spectrum perception attack.

[0025] This invention takes into account the priority of primary users to ensure their optimal communication performance, providing a reliable dynamic electromagnetic spectrum allocation architecture for cognitive radio.

[0026] The auction process for electromagnetic spectrum allocation adopts a final unveiling method, which reduces response time compared to repeated auctions, thereby improving the efficiency of electromagnetic spectrum utilization.

[0027] In summary, the trusted electromagnetic spectrum management architecture based on blockchain-based priority auction consensus proposed in this invention demonstrates its potential in improving the electromagnetic spectrum management capabilities of autonomous device networks. This architecture provides an efficient and fair method for allocating electromagnetic spectrum resources. The application of blockchain technology ensures transparency, security, and equal opportunities for all participants, while the consideration of frequency priority optimizes electromagnetic spectrum allocation, maximizing electromagnetic spectrum capacity. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1This invention is a blockchain-based trusted formation electromagnetic spectrum management model.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic spectrum ledger based on blockchain according to the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a block structure diagram of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the electromagnetic spectrum trading model for the formation of this invention.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of a trusted electromagnetic spectrum management method, system, medium, and equipment based on blockchain priority auction consensus provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a trusted electromagnetic spectrum management system based on blockchain priority auction consensus provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 6 The components are: 1. System architecture module; 2. Electromagnetic spectrum sensing module; 3. Electromagnetic spectrum trading module.

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the trusted electromagnetic spectrum management system based on blockchain priority auction consensus provided in the embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0037] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] The trusted electromagnetic spectrum management method, system, equipment, and medium based on blockchain priority auction consensus provided by this invention can also be implemented by those skilled in the art using other steps. Figure 5 The trusted electromagnetic spectrum management method based on blockchain priority auction consensus provided by this invention is merely a specific embodiment.

[0039] A trusted electromagnetic spectrum management method based on blockchain priority auction consensus is proposed. This method uses each frequency-using device in a platoon as a user node and establishes a trusted platoon electromagnetic spectrum management model based on blockchain technology, simulating a fake electromagnetic spectrum sensing attack scenario. After the sensing nodes of the frequency-using devices in the platoon collect electromagnetic spectrum data and verify its source, the electromagnetic spectrum data is grouped into electromagnetic spectrum blocks and added to the electromagnetic spectrum blockchain. To ensure the credibility of platoon electromagnetic spectrum allocation based on blockchain under fake electromagnetic spectrum attacks, the system adopts an auction method based on priority auction consensus to transfer electromagnetic spectrum usage rights.

[0040] like Figure 5 As shown, a trusted electromagnetic spectrum management method based on blockchain priority auction consensus is presented, with the following specific steps: S101 establishes a trusted fleet electromagnetic spectrum management model based on blockchain technology, using each frequency-using device in the fleet as a user node and a scenario of spoofed electromagnetic spectrum sensing attacks. This model includes a fleet frequency management transaction pool, an electromagnetic spectrum database, user nodes, and a spectrum certification authority. The specific process is as follows: Using each frequency-using device in the formation as a user node and taking the scenario of a fake electromagnetic spectrum perception attack as the background, a trusted formation electromagnetic spectrum management model based on blockchain technology is established. The trusted formation electromagnetic spectrum management model includes a formation frequency management transaction pool, an electromagnetic spectrum database, user nodes, and a spectrum certification authority. The electromagnetic spectrum trading pool publishes electromagnetic spectrum trading request and response information. Users with electromagnetic spectrum needs publish electromagnetic spectrum trading request information, and electromagnetic spectrum holders in user nodes publish information about selling electromagnetic spectrum to the electromagnetic spectrum trading pool. The electromagnetic spectrum database provides users in the system with accurate scene awareness information. During this process, users provide electromagnetic spectrum coins to the electromagnetic spectrum database as commission, thereby reducing the impact of attacks from malicious adversaries. The spectrum certification authority supervises the electromagnetic spectrum trading pool and the electromagnetic spectrum database to improve the fairness of the system.

[0041] The electromagnetic spectrum database, spectrum certification authority, and each user node all have backups containing the same electromagnetic spectrum blockchain. The initial electromagnetic spectrum blockchain was formed from a blank genesis block.

[0042] Furthermore, each data block in the blockchain contains a series of transaction information, and its electromagnetic spectrum ledger information and chain structure are respectively as shown in the blockchain-based electromagnetic spectrum ledger (see Figure 2 ) and block structure (see Figure 3 This involves using data encryption, timestamps, and distributed consensus to achieve decentralized trust-based transactions and collaborations. A corresponding electromagnetic spectrum trading model, such as the fleet electromagnetic spectrum trading model, can be found here. Figure 4 As shown.

[0043] S102: After collecting electromagnetic spectrum data and verifying its source through the user nodes in the model established in S101, this electromagnetic spectrum data is grouped into blocks. Each newly formed block is linked to the previous block to form an electromagnetic spectrum blockchain, which is then stored in the electromagnetic spectrum database. The specific process is as follows: Each user in the formation has spectrum sensing capabilities, continuously collecting electromagnetic spectrum data. When the data volume reaches a specified value, these electromagnetic spectrum data are grouped into a block. Each newly formed block updates and supplements the electromagnetic spectrum database, linking it to the database's electromagnetic spectrum blockchain. When a new block is added to the blockchain, electromagnetic spectrum coins are issued to all users who provided electromagnetic spectrum data for that block, distributed proportionally based on each user's contribution to the block. For every M GB of qualified electromagnetic spectrum data generated, S electromagnetic spectrum coins are issued. If a certain electromagnetic spectrum data collection task will generate X MB of electromagnetic spectrum data, then a total of [number missing] electromagnetic spectrum coins need to be issued. There are electromagnetic spectrum coins, of which users 1, 2, ..., n contributed in sequence. , … After the electromagnetic spectrum data of MB is obtained, users 1, 2, ..., n are sequentially assigned... , … Electromagnetic spectrum currency.

[0044] S103, each user node updates its own electromagnetic spectrum blockchain through the electromagnetic spectrum blockchain updated by the electromagnetic spectrum database in S102, in order to obtain complete formation electromagnetic spectrum data. Based on the complete formation electromagnetic spectrum data, it obtains and publishes transaction information to the formation frequency management transaction pool to make a request to obtain or transfer the right to use a certain electromagnetic spectrum. The trusted formation electromagnetic spectrum management model uses an auction method to transfer the right to use the electromagnetic spectrum, and the pricing of electromagnetic spectrum transactions... The system fully considers the priority of the frequency-using equipment in the current formation. Formation mission types Current electromagnetic spectrum occupancy and electromagnetic environment and equipment characteristics Relevant information is provided to ensure the credibility of blockchain-based electromagnetic spectrum allocation in the event of a pseudo-electromagnetic spectrum attack. The pricing mechanism for electromagnetic spectrum transactions is as follows:

[0045] The auction rules are based on the Widmanstätten auction, stipulating that within a certain time period, all secondary users can choose to bid or remain on the sidelines. Whenever a user bids, the trusted array electromagnetic spectrum management model updates the current second-highest bid display. Secondary users can choose to continue bidding or remain on the sidelines until the time expires. The user with the highest bid wins the right to use the electromagnetic spectrum at the second-highest price. Secondary users can choose to remain on the sidelines without bidding or to bid at any given time. However, since there is only one winner at any given moment—that is, only the secondary user with the highest bid can exclusively obtain the right to use the electromagnetic spectrum—the array electromagnetic spectrum allocation strategy... It can be represented as:

[0046] in, This indicates the total number of secondary users who participated in the auction. Indicates the first The strategy for each user is as follows: 0 indicates a failed bid, and 1 indicates a successful bid. At most one user can successfully bid. Let's assume the first user... The price quoted by each user is recorded as follows: Therefore, the auction result for the second user can be expressed as:

[0047] And the cost that the secondary user needs to pay at this time for:

[0048] in, This indicates the second highest bid in the auction; The Trusted Squad Electromagnetic Spectrum Management Model stipulates that each time a frequency-using device bids, it must send not only the bid but also the key to improve auction security under pseudo-electromagnetic spectrum attacks. The squad frequency management system performs hash calculations on the bid and the key to verify the identity of the winner and ensure fairness. Compared with traditional repeated auctions, the Trusted Squad Electromagnetic Spectrum Management Model introduces a final unveiling step. For cases where the identity credential of a frequency-using device on a blockchain platform is a string of passwords, and to prevent secondary users from winning bids but not paying, a specified amount of "deposit" needs to be deducted before the auction.

[0049] The trusted swarm electromagnetic spectrum management model described in S103 performs hash operations on the quote and key as follows: The array frequency management system transmits electromagnetic spectrum data / electromagnetic spectrum currency using asymmetric encryption, and each frequency-using device in the network possesses a public key. and private key The public key is published on the network, and any node can access it via the public key. The electromagnetic spectrum data is downloaded and encrypted. The private key is stored on the device terminal and used to decrypt the electromagnetic spectrum blocks to obtain the electromagnetic spectrum data. The subsequent trusted formation electromagnetic spectrum management model verifies whether the electromagnetic spectrum data has been modified through asymmetric encryption, and the user generates electromagnetic spectrum data using a hash algorithm. Abstract Then use the private key Abstract Encryption to generate digital signatures And upload it to the server; the server uses the public key Decrypting and processing digital signatures Get summary And thus to and Comparative verification was conducted.

[0050] like Figure 6 As shown, the intelligent countermeasure system for electromagnetic spectrum prediction in electromagnetic space provided in this embodiment of the invention includes: System architecture module 1 is used to establish a trusted formation electromagnetic spectrum management model based on blockchain technology.

[0051] Electromagnetic spectrum sensing module 2 is used to collect electromagnetic spectrum data and verify the data source before forming electromagnetic spectrum blocks and adding them to the electromagnetic spectrum blockchain.

[0052] Electromagnetic spectrum trading module 3 is used to allocate electromagnetic spectrum using an auction method based on blockchain-based priority auction consensus.

[0053] The trusted electromagnetic spectrum management method provided by this invention can be used to manage the trusted electromagnetic spectrum in all specific scenarios of autonomous device networks.

[0054] The technical effects of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to simulation experiments.

[0055] To evaluate the performance of this invention, simulation verification was conducted. The simulation experiment considered a trusted electromagnetic spectrum management system based on blockchain-based priority auction consensus. Figure 7 In Figure (a), the horizontal axis represents the number of users, and the vertical axis represents electromagnetic spectrum utilization. Each line in the figure represents a different number of available frequency bands, illustrating the electromagnetic spectrum utilization with different numbers of available frequency bands using the priority auction consensus method. It can be seen that as the number of users increases, the electromagnetic spectrum utilization gradually increases, and the electromagnetic spectrum utilization in different frequency band scenarios tends to converge. With a relatively small number of frequency bands, the utilization rate in multi-user scenarios can reach nearly 100%. It should be noted that while a large number of users can achieve high electromagnetic spectrum utilization, the throughput per user may decrease. Therefore, choosing an appropriate ratio of frequency bands to the number of users is crucial in practical applications. Figure 7Table (b) shows a comparison of the normalized throughput for three user groups in electromagnetic spectrum transactions using priority auction consensus versus those without auction. The x-axis represents user categories: primary users, secondary users, and other users; the y-axis represents normalized throughput. Red bars indicate no auction, and blue bars indicate priority auction consensus. In electromagnetic spectrum transactions without auction, all user types exhibit nearly identical throughput with low code rates, less than 0.3 Mbps. In electromagnetic spectrum transactions using the priority auction mechanism, primary users maintain throughput exceeding 0.9 Mbps, while other users have relatively lower throughput, but still higher than in non-auction electromagnetic spectrum transactions.

[0056] It should be noted that embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both. The hardware portion can be implemented using dedicated logic; the software portion can be stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system, such as a microprocessor or dedicated-design hardware. Those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described devices and methods can be implemented using computer-executable instructions and / or included in processor control code, for example, such code provided on a carrier medium such as a disk, CD, or DVD-ROM, a programmable memory such as read-only memory (firmware), or a data carrier such as an optical or electronic signal carrier. The devices and modules of the present invention can be implemented by hardware circuitry such as very large-scale integrated circuits or gate arrays, semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, or programmable hardware devices such as field-programmable gate arrays, programmable logic devices, etc., or by software executed by various types of processors, or by a combination of the above-described hardware circuitry and software, such as firmware.

[0057] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, and within the spirit and principles of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A trusted electromagnetic spectrum management method based on blockchain-based priority auction consensus, characterized in that, Using each frequency-using device in a formation as a user node, and simulating a scenario of spoofed electromagnetic spectrum sensing attacks, a trusted formation electromagnetic spectrum management model based on blockchain technology is established. After user nodes collect electromagnetic spectrum data and verify its source, they combine this data into a block. Each new block is linked to the previous block to form an electromagnetic spectrum blockchain for storage. Simultaneously, each user node transfers electromagnetic spectrum usage rights through an auction method based on priority auction consensus, thereby ensuring the trusted allocation of formation electromagnetic spectrum. Each user node updates its own electromagnetic spectrum blockchain through the updated electromagnetic spectrum blockchain in the electromagnetic spectrum database to obtain complete formation electromagnetic spectrum data. Based on this complete data, it obtains and publishes transaction information from the formation frequency management transaction pool to request the acquisition or transfer of specific electromagnetic spectrum usage rights. The trusted formation electromagnetic spectrum management model uses an auction method to transfer the right to use the electromagnetic spectrum, and the pricing of electromagnetic spectrum transactions... The above fully considers the priority of the frequency-using equipment in the current formation. Formation mission types Current electromagnetic spectrum occupancy and electromagnetic environment and equipment characteristics The relevant information regarding the pricing mechanism for electromagnetic spectrum trading is as follows: The auction rules are based on Widman's auction, stipulating that within a certain time period, all secondary users can choose to bid or remain on the sidelines. Whenever a user bids, the trusted array electromagnetic spectrum management model updates the current second-highest bid display. Secondary users can then choose to continue bidding or remain on the sidelines until the time expires. The user with the highest bid wins the right to use the electromagnetic spectrum at the second-highest price. Secondary users can remain on the sidelines without bidding or placing a bid. However, since there is only one winner at any given moment—that is, only the secondary user with the highest bid can exclusively obtain the right to use the electromagnetic spectrum—the array electromagnetic spectrum allocation strategy... Represented as: in, This indicates the total number of secondary users who participated in the auction. Indicates the first The strategy for each user is as follows: 0 indicates a failed bid, and 1 indicates a successful bid. At most one user can successfully bid. Let's assume the first user... The price quoted by each user is recorded as follows: Therefore, the auction result for the second user is expressed as: At this point, the cost that the secondary user needs to pay for: in, This indicates the second highest bid in the auction; The Trusted Squad Electromagnetic Spectrum Management Model stipulates that each time a frequency-using device bids, it must send not only the bid but also the key. The Trusted Squad Electromagnetic Spectrum Management Model performs a hash operation on the bid and the key to verify the identity of the winner and ensure fairness. The Trusted Squad Electromagnetic Spectrum Management Model introduces a final unveiling step. If the identity credential of a frequency-using device on the blockchain platform is a string of passwords, a specified amount of "deposit" needs to be deducted before the auction. Each spectrum transaction generates an electromagnetic spectrum ledger. Once this ledger information accumulates to a specified value, it is grouped into a block and linked to the electromagnetic spectrum blockchain. The electromagnetic spectrum database, spectrum certification authorities, and the electromagnetic spectrum blockchains of each user node are updated synchronously.

2. The trusted electromagnetic spectrum management method based on blockchain priority auction consensus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Specifically, the following steps are included: Step 1: Using each frequency-using device in the formation as a user node, and taking the scenario of a fake electromagnetic spectrum sensing attack as the background, establish a trusted formation electromagnetic spectrum management model based on blockchain technology, including a formation frequency management transaction pool, an electromagnetic spectrum database, user nodes, and a spectrum certification authority. Step 2: After collecting electromagnetic spectrum data and verifying the source of the electromagnetic spectrum data through the user nodes in the model established in Step 1, these electromagnetic spectrum data are grouped into blocks. Each new block is linked to the previous block to form an electromagnetic spectrum blockchain, which is then stored in the electromagnetic spectrum database. Step 3: Each user node obtains complete spectrum sensing information through the electromagnetic spectrum database in Step 2, and uses an auction method based on priority auction consensus to transfer the right to use electromagnetic spectrum through the fleet frequency management trading pool and spectrum certification agency, thereby completing the allocation of fleet trusted electromagnetic spectrum.

3. The trusted electromagnetic spectrum management method based on blockchain priority auction consensus as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The specific process of step one is as follows: Using each frequency-using device in the formation as a user node and taking the scenario of a fake electromagnetic spectrum perception attack as the background, a trusted formation electromagnetic spectrum management model based on blockchain technology is established. The trusted formation electromagnetic spectrum management model includes a formation frequency management transaction pool, an electromagnetic spectrum database, user nodes, and a spectrum certification authority. The electromagnetic spectrum trading pool publishes electromagnetic spectrum trading request and response information. Users with electromagnetic spectrum needs publish electromagnetic spectrum trading request information, and electromagnetic spectrum holders in user nodes publish information about selling electromagnetic spectrum to the electromagnetic spectrum trading pool. The electromagnetic spectrum database provides users in the system with scene awareness information. During this process, users provide electromagnetic spectrum coins to the electromagnetic spectrum database as commission, thereby reducing the impact of attacks from malicious adversaries. The spectrum certification authority supervises the electromagnetic spectrum trading pool and the electromagnetic spectrum database to improve the fairness of the system.

4. A trusted electromagnetic spectrum management method based on blockchain priority auction consensus as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The electromagnetic spectrum database, spectrum certification authority, and each user node all have backups containing the same electromagnetic spectrum blockchain. The initial electromagnetic spectrum blockchain was formed from a blank genesis block.

5. A trusted electromagnetic spectrum management method based on blockchain priority auction consensus as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The specific process of step two is as follows: Each user in the formation has spectrum sensing capabilities, continuously collecting electromagnetic spectrum data. When the data volume reaches a specified value, these electromagnetic spectrum data are grouped into a block. Each newly formed block updates and supplements the electromagnetic spectrum database, linking it to the database's electromagnetic spectrum blockchain. When a new block is added to the blockchain, electromagnetic spectrum coins are issued to all users who provided electromagnetic spectrum data for that block, distributed proportionally based on each user's contribution to the block. For every M GB of qualified electromagnetic spectrum data generated, S electromagnetic spectrum coins are issued. If a certain electromagnetic spectrum data collection task will generate X MB of electromagnetic spectrum data, then a total of [number missing] electromagnetic spectrum coins need to be issued. There are electromagnetic spectrum coins, of which users 1, 2, ..., n contributed in sequence. , … After the electromagnetic spectrum data of MB is obtained, users 1, 2, ..., n are sequentially assigned... , … Electromagnetic spectrum currency.

6. The trusted electromagnetic spectrum management method based on blockchain priority auction consensus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The trusted formation electromagnetic spectrum management model performs hash operations on the quote and key as follows: The trusted array electromagnetic spectrum management model transmits electromagnetic spectrum data / electromagnetic spectrum currency using asymmetric encryption, and each frequency-using device in the network possesses a public key. and private key The public key is published on the network, and any node can access it via the public key. The electromagnetic spectrum data is downloaded and encrypted. The private key is stored on the device terminal and used to decrypt the electromagnetic spectrum blocks to obtain the electromagnetic spectrum data. The subsequent trusted formation electromagnetic spectrum management model verifies whether the electromagnetic spectrum data has been modified through asymmetric encryption, and the user generates electromagnetic spectrum data using a hash algorithm. Abstract Then use the private key Abstract Encryption to generate digital signatures And upload it to the server; the server uses the public key Decrypting and processing digital signatures Get summary And thus to and Comparative verification was conducted.

7. The system of the trusted electromagnetic spectrum management method based on blockchain priority auction consensus as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, include: The system architecture module is used to establish a trusted formation electromagnetic spectrum management model based on blockchain technology in step one; The electromagnetic spectrum sensing module is used to collect electromagnetic spectrum data and verify the data source in step two, and then form electromagnetic spectrum blocks to be added to the electromagnetic spectrum blockchain. The electromagnetic spectrum trading module is used to allocate electromagnetic spectrum in step three using an auction method based on blockchain-based priority auction consensus.

8. The device for the trusted electromagnetic spectrum management method based on blockchain priority auction consensus as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, include: The system includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program that, when executed by the processor, enables the implementation of the trusted electromagnetic spectrum management method based on blockchain priority auction consensus as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A storage medium for receiving user input, characterized in that, When the computer program stored in the storage medium is executed by the processor, it can perform trusted electromagnetic spectrum management based on blockchain priority auction consensus according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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