An electric control system for precision seeding and fertilizing of rice and wheat and its implementation method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of rice and wheat precision seeding fertilization electric control system and implementation method, on the basis that seed plate is not driven with land wheel, seed motor control unit, GPS locator and infrared sensor are interacted with terminal server;Through GPS locator real-time monitoring and transmission planter position, and infrared sensor detects seeding frequency;Terminal server records and calculates the actual spacing between two seedings, compares standard spacing parameters to determine deviation;Terminal server adjusts the speed of seeding motor through actual deviation and allowable deviation;When deviation is normal, seeding motor continues to maintain current delivery control;When abnormal deviation occurs, terminal server instructs seeding motor control unit to adjust until deviation recovers to allowable range;In order to improve the current use of electric control seed plate, under the influence of diversified seeding environment, the problem that seeding is prone to miss seeding or uneven seeding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to agricultural machinery control, specifically to an electronic control system and implementation method for precision sowing and fertilization of rice and wheat. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development and progress of agricultural machinery technology, seed metering discs have been widely used in crop sowing. Traditional seed metering discs mainly rely on ground wheels for power. The ground wheels move on the ground, causing the seed metering disc to rotate synchronously. However, complex field working conditions and uneven ground are common, and the ground wheels are prone to slippage, resulting in unstable sowing quality and frequent missed sowing.

[0003] Currently, the seed metering discs under development use electric machinery to control their operation, replacing the traditional ground wheel drive with an electric drive. However, in practical work, when encountering highly clayey soils or dry, compacted land, the ground wheel is prone to slipping or becoming unstable, slowing down or interrupting the movement. This can lead to uneven or missing seeding with the electrically controlled seed metering disc, affecting the stability of seeding quality. Consequently, current electrically driven seed metering is difficult to control, limiting its application to carriers moving at a constant speed. In complex working environments, electrically controlled seed metering struggles to achieve precise seeding and cannot adapt to abnormal conditions. Therefore, for complex environments, the mainstream approach is still to use ground wheel-driven seed metering discs to facilitate timely stopping of seeding in abnormal situations. Therefore, it is worthwhile to research how to significantly improve the accuracy and stability of seeding and fertilization in diverse seeding environments, and how to address the problem of missed seeding due to ground wheel slippage in clayey soils. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an electronic control system and implementation method for precision sowing and fertilization of rice and wheat, in order to improve the problems of missed sowing or uneven sowing that are easily caused by the use of electronically controlled seed metering trays under the influence of diverse sowing environments.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] An electronic control system for precision sowing and fertilization of rice and wheat is disclosed. The system is used in conjunction with a fertilizer-applying seeder for precision sowing and fertilization. The system includes a sowing motor, a terminal server, a GPS locator, and infrared sensors. The sowing motor control unit, GPS locator, and infrared sensors are all connected to the terminal server. The GPS locator collects the location information of the fertilizer-applying seeder in real time and sends it to the terminal server. The sowing motor is powered by the seed metering disc of the fertilizer-applying seeder. The sowing motor control unit receives control signals from the terminal server and adjusts the speed of the sowing motor and the seed metering disc. The infrared sensors collect the placement signals of rice and wheat seeds as they pass through the sowing pipe of the seed metering disc and transmit these signals to the terminal server. The terminal server receives each placement signal and marks its location information. The terminal server is configured with standard spacing parameters and allowable deviations. The terminal server determines the actual spacing between two consecutive placements of rice and wheat seeds based on the location information of two adjacent placements. The terminal server records the marked location information sequentially as a set of locations {Q1, Q2, ..., Qn}, and calculates the coordinate distance between Qn and Qn-1 to obtain the actual spacing. The terminal server obtains the actual deviation by comparing the actual spacing with the standard spacing parameter; the terminal server then determines whether the seeding motor delivery control is normal based on the actual deviation.

[0007] If the actual deviation is within the allowable deviation range, then the seeding motor control is normal.

[0008] If the actual deviation is outside the allowable deviation range, then the seeding motor release control is abnormal.

[0009] When the seeding motor control malfunctions, the terminal server outputs a first control signal to the seeding motor control unit; the seeding motor control unit then adjusts the seeding motor speed until the deviation is within the allowable range.

[0010] Preferably, the first control signal is a deceleration signal or an acceleration signal; when the actual deviation is greater than 0, the first control signal is an acceleration signal, and the terminal server accelerates the seeding motor and seed metering disc through the seeding motor control unit; when the actual deviation is less than 0, the first control signal is a deceleration signal, and the terminal server decelerates the seeding motor and seed metering disc through the seeding motor control unit.

[0011] Preferably, the terminal server counts the signals emitted by the infrared sensor; the terminal server configures the emission parameters, and when the emission signal count reaches the emission parameters, the terminal server sends a second control signal to the seeding motor control unit, which then executes the second control signal to stop the seed metering disc from rotating.

[0012] A further technical solution is that the above-mentioned fertilizer planter has multiple seed metering discs, and each seed metering disc is equipped with an independent seeding motor and infrared sensor. The terminal server identifies and numbers the seeding motor and infrared sensor so that the infrared sensor on the same seed metering disc is associated with the identification number of the seeding motor.

[0013] A further technical solution is that when the terminal server receives the delivery signal, it marks the delivery signals of the same infrared sensor. When the count of the same infrared sensor reaches the delivery parameter, the terminal server sends a second control signal to the seeding motor control unit corresponding to the identification number.

[0014] A further technical solution involves an alarm and an electromagnetic speed sensor corresponding to the seed metering disc. Both the electromagnetic speed sensor and the alarm are connected to a terminal server. The terminal server collects the rotation status and speed information of the seed metering disc through the electromagnetic speed sensor. When the seeding motor control unit executes the first control signal, it sends a feedback signal to the terminal server, which includes the execution speed. The terminal server receives the feedback signal and obtains the rotation status of the seed metering disc through the electromagnetic speed sensor. The terminal server verifies the execution speed against the speed information. If the execution speed and the speed information are inconsistent, the terminal server sends a command to the alarm, which then sounds an alarm.

[0015] A further technical solution is that the electromagnetic speed sensor is assigned an identification number corresponding to the sowing motor. When the electromagnetic speed sensor sends a "stop" rotation status to the terminal server, the terminal server verifies whether the identification number of the corresponding electromagnetic speed sensor is consistent with that of the sowing motor executing the second control signal.

[0016] If the electromagnetic speed sensor that sends the stop signal matches the identification number of the seeding motor that executes the second control signal, it indicates that the system is normal.

[0017] If the electromagnetic speed sensor that sends the stop signal does not match the identification number of the seeding motor that executes the second control signal, it indicates a system malfunction; the aforementioned terminal server sends a command to the alarm, which then triggers an alarm.

[0018] Preferably, the system also includes a solenoid valve, which is installed on the spray pipe corresponding to the seed metering tray; the solenoid valve is signal-connected to the terminal server, and the terminal server controls the opening and closing of the solenoid valve.

[0019] This invention also discloses a method for implementing precision sowing and fertilization of rice and wheat, using the aforementioned electronic control system for precision sowing and fertilization of rice and wheat, comprising the following steps:

[0020] Step 100: Delineate the work area by using a GPS locator to determine the boundary information of the work area, and use a computer to set the work path and the initial point of sowing on the boundary information to determine the standard spacing for rice and wheat seed placement by the fertilizer planter on the straight path.

[0021] Step 200: Set the ground wheel independently on the fertilizer planter, and drive each seed metering disc independently by the seeding motor.

[0022] Step 300: Move the fertilizer planter to the initial point and verify it with the GPS locator; configure the standard spacing parameters, allowable deviation and delivery parameters of the terminal server; pour rice and wheat seeds and liquid fertilizer into the hopper and spray container of the fertilizer planter respectively, and the hopper will put the rice and wheat seeds into the seed storage container of the seed metering tray.

[0023] Step 400: The fertilizer planter moves in a straight line along a predetermined path. The seed metering disc is rotated by the seeding motor, so that the rice and wheat seeds enter the seeding channel of the seed metering disc and are placed in the soil to complete the sowing.

[0024] Step 500: Connect the spray container to the spray pipe and control the water pressure in the spray pipe to a constant state through the booster pump. When the electromagnetic speed sensor detects the rotation of the seed metering disc, the terminal server receives the rotation signal from the seed metering disc and controls the corresponding solenoid valve to open, thus completing the fertilization.

[0025] A further technical solution is that the aforementioned seeding motor adjusts its speed and controls the seeding amount on a predetermined path through a terminal server. When the seeding motor control unit executes a second control signal to pause the rotation of the seed metering disc, the aforementioned terminal server controls the corresponding solenoid valve to close.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are at least one of the following:

[0027] The system of this invention obtains the real-time location information of the fertilizer planter via a GPS locator and transmits it to a terminal server. The terminal server, based on changes in location information, adaptively adjusts the rotation speed of the seeding motor using preset standard spacing parameters and allowable deviations. By utilizing the motor speed and seed passage signals detected by an infrared sensor, the actual seed placement spacing is determined. The terminal server analyzes the spacing to adaptively adjust the rotation of the seed metering disc, thereby adjusting the seeding rate and ensuring consistent seeding spacing. This achieves precise seeding control within a certain allowable deviation.

[0028] The seed metering discs of this invention are driven by independent seeding motors, allowing each disc to control different seeding rates, thus easily meeting diverse seeding needs. More importantly, the seed metering discs are successfully decoupled from ground wheel drives. Even if the ground wheels slip during field operations, the terminal server, in conjunction with the seeding motor, can adaptively adjust the working status of the seed metering discs. If necessary, the terminal server can also pause the rotation of specific seed metering discs, thereby satisfying different seeding application requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system framework of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the system workflow of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0032] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of this invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement, etc., in a specific working state. If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly. In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be an electrical signal connection or a signal connection; it can also refer to the internal connection of two components or the interaction relationship between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0033] If the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Furthermore, the meaning of "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions; for example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0034] Existing fertilizer seeders are moved by a mobile carrier. The main body of the fertilizer seeder is a mechanical assembly, which is mounted on the rear of the mobile carrier. The mobile carrier drives the mechanical assembly to move on the muddy ground. The mechanical assembly is equipped with a plow and a seed metering disc. The seed metering disc is located behind the plow, so that the plow can dig and excavate the soil. The seed metering disc has a seeding pipe at its output end, which faces the soil. After the soil is dug by the plow, the seed metering disc sows seeds through the seeding pipe.

[0035] Meanwhile, the mechanical assembly also has a fertilizer application pipe connected to the fertilizer container. Several spray pipes are installed on the fertilizer application pipes, with nozzles at the ends of the spray pipes to spray fertilizer onto the soil. The mechanical assembly typically has multiple seed metering discs, whose rotating surfaces are connected by a through-drive shaft. The drive shaft has gears, which are connected to gears on a ground wheel via a chain. Thus, the ground wheel moves to drive the seed metering discs. However, due to the complex working conditions in the field and uneven ground, the ground wheel is prone to slippage, which may result in missed seeding.

[0036] Currently, some mechanical assemblies directly drive both the ground wheels and the drive shaft simultaneously via a motor, synchronizing the seed metering disc's operation with the movement of the fertilizer planter. However, when the ground wheels slip, the drive shaft's rotation speed cannot match the moving platform's speed, leading to excessive fluctuations in the amount of rice and wheat seeds released in small areas. This can result in too many or too few seeds being released in a single area, potentially causing overcrowding in some areas while other areas are lacking seeds. Consequently, the overall growth environment for the rice and wheat seeds becomes uneven, resulting in differences in plant height and growth rate within the working area, affecting overall yield and quality. It also objectively increases the difficulty of pest and disease control.

[0037] Example 1:

[0038] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, one embodiment of the present invention is an electronic control system for precision seeding and fertilization of rice and wheat. The system is used in conjunction with a fertilizer-seeding machine for precision seeding and fertilization. The fertilizer-seeding machine is an existing fertilizer-seeding machine using the same mechanical assembly, eliminating the previous situation where a single drive shaft was used for the seed metering discs, and replacing it with separate seeding motors corresponding to each seed metering disc. The electronic control system includes seeding motors, a terminal server, a GPS locator, and infrared sensors.

[0039] Among them, the seeding motor is an existing servo motor, the terminal server can be a remote control center or an existing control host, and its GPS locator can also be an existing product. The positioning accuracy of its GPS locator is directly obtained through the model number. Under the position acquisition of the GPS locator, the obtained position error accuracy is within 5cm.

[0040] On one hand, the seeding motor control unit, GPS locator, and infrared sensor are all connected to the terminal server via signal. This signal connection can be either a serial port connection or a wireless connection. The GPS locator collects the real-time location information of the fertilizer planter and sends it to the terminal server. The seeding motor is powered by the seed metering disc of the fertilizer planter, and the seeding motor control unit receives control signals from the terminal server and adjusts the speed of the seeding motor and the seed metering disc.

[0041] The seeding motor powers the seed metering disc, which in turn drives the disc to rotate on the fertilizer seeder. By adjusting the speed of the seeding motor, the rotation speed of the seed metering disc is effectively controlled, thereby controlling the seed dispensing rate.

[0042] The terminal server is primarily used for data scheduling and signal processing. It receives data from GPS locators and infrared sensors, processes the data, and then sends control signals to the seeding motor control unit. By controlling the seeding motor through the terminal server, the motor speed can be adjusted according to actual conditions, achieving more precise seeding operations.

[0043] One suggested setup is as follows: When the terminal server is an existing control host, it can be installed on the fertilizer planter. The GPS locator can connect to the terminal server via RS-232 serial port, USB interface, or wireless communication. A wireless network card can provide internet connectivity for map updates and data uploads. The terminal server installs and configures the GPS locator driver, ensuring the operating system can correctly recognize and read the location data from the GPS locator. Specifically, the GPS locator outputs signals in the NMEA 0183 standard data format, and the terminal server can quickly parse this data to obtain key location information such as longitude, latitude, and timestamps. To achieve higher positioning accuracy, the terminal server can, if necessary, combine differential GPS or RTK methods. By using additional fixed base stations and related algorithms, GPS signal errors can be reduced, improving positioning accuracy.

[0044] On the one hand, the aforementioned infrared sensor collects the delivery signal of rice and wheat seeds passing through the seeding pipe of the seed metering tray. The infrared sensor detects whether rice and wheat seeds have passed through the seeding pipe by continuously emitting infrared light into the seeding pipe.

[0045] Specifically, the infrared sensor consists of two parts: a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter emits infrared light into the inner cavity of the seeding pipe. During sampling, rice and wheat seeds pass through the seeding pipe, and the infrared light emitted by the transmitter is reflected by the surface of the rice and wheat seeds and received by the receiver, thus collecting the data of the rice and wheat seeds passing through.

[0046] On one hand, the infrared sensor transmits the delivery signal to the terminal server. Each time the terminal server receives the delivery signal, it marks the location information. By detecting the rice and wheat seeds passing through the seeding pipe through the infrared sensor, the seeding status of the seed metering tray can be monitored in real time. The infrared sensor sends the detected delivery signal to the terminal server. By acquiring the delivery signal, the terminal server can ensure that the seeds are delivered at the correct rate and quantity. If the seeding speed changes or there is a problem, the terminal server can adjust the speed of the seeding motor in time to ensure the uniformity and accuracy of seeding.

[0047] Secondly, by using a terminal server in conjunction with an infrared sensor, the seed release signal is combined with location information marking. The system can record the sowing location and time for subsequent management and analysis.

[0048] For reference, the outer wall of the sowing pipe can be fully transparent or partially transparent, with the infrared sensor set in the corresponding transparent area to allow infrared light to reach the inner cavity of the sowing pipe. If necessary, if the pretreatment of rice and wheat seeds is transparent or semi-transparent, the infrared sensor may be an existing modulated infrared sensor to accurately detect the passage of rice and wheat seeds.

[0049] As an example, the terminal server receives the delivery signal and marks the location information each time; at this time, the terminal server records the marked location information sequentially as a set of locations {Q1, Q2...Qn}; where the set of locations {Q1, Q2...Qn} represents the specific location of each seed delivery during the sowing process.

[0050] The location set allows staff to accurately analyze seed distribution in the field later. Furthermore, the collected location set can be used for further analysis and decision support, such as analyzing the impact of planting density on crop yield and implementing precise field management.

[0051] The aforementioned terminal server is configured with standard spacing parameters Dy and allowable deviation △D. The actual deviation D is calculated by the terminal server using the following formula:

[0052]

[0053] In the formula, Dy is the standard spacing parameter configured for the terminal server; k is the environmental weight coefficient; Let Qn be the longitude coordinates; Let Qn be the latitude coordinate; Let Qn-1 be the longitude coordinates. Let Qn-1 be the latitude coordinates.

[0054] Here, Qn and Qn-1 represent two consecutive marker position information from the terminal server. The standard spacing parameter can be set according to the ideal planting spacing of rice and wheat seeds, adapting to different varieties of rice and wheat seeds on the one hand, and facilitating the adjustment of seed placement density and spacing based on soil conditions on the other. The terminal server can utilize the location set information to achieve variable sowing, optimize the crop growth environment, and improve yield and crop quality. The terminal server obtains the actual deviation by comparing the actual spacing with the standard spacing parameter, and determines whether the sowing motor placement control is normal based on the actual deviation D.

[0055] By setting appropriate allowable deviations, the number of times the sowing motor frequency needs to be adjusted can be minimized while ensuring sowing quality.

[0056] When the actual deviation D is within the allowable deviation ΔD, the seeding motor control is normal; when the actual deviation D is outside the allowable deviation ΔD, the seeding motor control is abnormal.

[0057] Due to factors such as mechanical vibration and uneven terrain, perfectly precise sowing is unrealistic during the sowing process. Setting an allowable deviation △D is mainly to provide a certain degree of tolerance for the sowing process. By configuring the allowable deviation △D parameter, the actual deviation value is allowed to fluctuate within an acceptable range. Only when it exceeds the range of this configured parameter will the terminal server adjust the sowing motor.

[0058] The allowable deviation △D can be a specific positive or negative deviation value, such as ±1cm, ±2cm, ±3cm, ±4cm, ±5cm, etc.

[0059] The actual deviation D is obtained by measuring the difference between the actual distance between two consecutive sowing positions (Qn and Qn-1) recorded by the terminal server and the standard spacing parameter Dy.

[0060] The terminal server continuously monitors the actual deviation D. Based on the magnitude and direction of the actual deviation D, the terminal server will make appropriate adjustments to the seeding motor to correct the seed dispensing rate and ensure that the predetermined seeding effect is achieved.

[0061] When the seeding motor control malfunctions, the terminal server outputs a first control signal to the seeding motor control unit; the first control signal includes an acceleration signal or a deceleration signal.

[0062] If the actual deviation D > 0, the terminal server sends an acceleration signal to the seeding motor control unit to accelerate the seeding motor until the actual deviation D is within the allowable deviation ΔD.

[0063] If the actual deviation D < 0, the terminal server sends a deceleration signal to the seeding motor control unit to slow down the seeding motor until the actual deviation D is within the allowable deviation ΔD range.

[0064] Therefore, by dynamically adjusting the speed of the seeding motor, the seeding speed can be adjusted in real time to maintain seeding uniformity. The terminal server can automatically increase or decrease the speed of the seeding motor based on the actual deviation and the set allowable deviation, allowing the seeding to dynamically respond to changes in the moving speed. That is, the terminal server judges the seeding situation by the deviation between the actual seeding spacing and the standard spacing, and sends acceleration or deceleration control signals to adjust the speed of the corresponding seeding motor, so that the actual seeding spacing returns to the allowable deviation range, achieving precision seeding.

[0065] Example 2:

[0066] Based on the above embodiments, another embodiment of the present invention is that the terminal server counts the release signals from the infrared sensor; the terminal server receives electrical signals from the infrared sensor in real time and then counts these signals. Each signal represents the release of one seed, so the terminal server's count can accurately reflect the number of seeds released; the terminal server configures release parameters, which are preset values ​​representing the ideal number of seeds released within a certain area or row spacing.

[0067] When the seed dispensing signal count reaches the dispensing parameter, the terminal server sends a second control signal to the seeding motor control unit, which then executes the second control signal to stop the seed metering disc from rotating. When the terminal server receives a count from the infrared sensor that reaches the value set by the dispensing parameter, the terminal server determines that a sufficient number of seeds have been dispensed within that segment and sends a second control signal to the seeding motor control unit. This signal instructs the seed metering disc to stop rotating, thus ceasing seed dispensing.

[0068] Real-time counting ensures that seeds are precisely sown into the soil, avoiding overly dense or sparse sowing, and accurate seed distribution reduces seed waste. This method promotes uniform sowing, optimizes field management, ensures consistent crop maturity, and facilitates unified harvesting. More importantly, the accumulated sowing data can provide a reference for future planting decisions, facilitating the adjustment and optimization of planting strategies through data analysis, which is of great significance for sowing in experimental fields.

[0069] Example 3:

[0070] Based on the above embodiments, another embodiment of the present invention is that, in order to ensure the working efficiency of the fertilizer planter, the fertilizer planter has multiple seed metering discs, and each seed metering disc is equipped with an independent seeding motor and an infrared sensor. Each seed metering disc is controlled by an independent seeding motor, and each seed metering disc can be adjusted separately, eliminating the risk of mutual interference between the seed metering discs. If necessary, differentiated seeding can be performed for different crops.

[0071] The aforementioned terminal server identifies and numbers the seeding motors and infrared sensors, ensuring that the identification numbers of infrared sensors on the same seeding tray correspond to the identification numbers of the seeding motors. This identification numbering ensures that each seeding motor and its corresponding infrared sensor are correctly paired. This allows the terminal server to achieve independent control of the seeding tray through the correspondence between the infrared sensors, seeding motors, and seeding trays, guaranteeing the accuracy and automation of each seeding tray's operation.

[0072] Furthermore, when the terminal server receives the delivery signal, it marks the delivery signals of the same infrared sensor. When the count of the same infrared sensor reaches the delivery parameter, the terminal server sends a second control signal to the seeding motor control unit corresponding to the identification number.

[0073] The operation of the seeder is controlled by counting, avoiding uneven sowing intervals caused by seed accumulation. A single infrared sensor targets a corresponding seed metering disc, enabling the disc to automatically adjust its sowing speed.

[0074] When necessary, the terminal server can also configure seeding strategies. Upon receiving a certain number of seeding signals, the terminal server sends instructions to the seeding motor based on the seeding strategy, adjusting the rotation or pausing of the seed metering disc using time intervals to effectively control the seed placement interval. This allows for flexible adjustments to the seeding strategy to suit actual field conditions.

[0075] Example 4:

[0076] Based on the above embodiments, another embodiment of the present invention further includes an alarm and an electromagnetic speed sensor corresponding to the seed metering disc. The electromagnetic speed sensor is a commercially available product and can use the magnetoelectric effect to measure the rotational speed of the seed metering disc by detecting changes in the magnetic field on the rotating components of the seed metering disc. The electromagnetic speed sensor collects the rotational speed and status of the seed metering disc in real time, such as a stopped state or a rotating state.

[0077] The aforementioned electromagnetic speed sensor and alarm are both connected to the terminal server via signal. The terminal server collects the rotation status and speed information of the seeding disc through the electromagnetic speed sensor.

[0078] When the terminal server determines that the speed of the seeding motor needs to be adjusted to correct the seeding spacing, it sends a first control signal (including an acceleration or deceleration signal) to the seeding motor control unit. Upon receiving the signal, the control unit adjusts the speed of the seeding motor. While the seeding motor control unit executes the first control signal, it sends a feedback signal to the terminal server, which includes the adjusted speed.

[0079] The aforementioned terminal server receives feedback signals and obtains the rotation status of the seed metering disc through an electromagnetic speed sensor. The feedback signals are mainly used by the seeding motor control unit to adjust the speed of the seeding motor and then feed back the adjusted speed to the terminal server so that the terminal server can verify whether the adjustment is effective in conjunction with the rotation status and speed information of the seed metering disc.

[0080] The terminal server will verify the rotational speed against the measured speed information. If the verification fails, the terminal server sends a command to the alarm, which then sounds an alarm. If the measured rotational speed does not match the speed information measured by the sensor (i.e., verification fails), the terminal server determines that the seeding machinery is malfunctioning, possibly due to sensor failure, inaccurate seeding motor response, mechanical failure, or other system errors. The terminal server then sends a command to the alarm, which issues an alarm signal to warn the operator to check and troubleshoot the problem. Conversely, if the verifications match, it indicates that the seeding motor control unit has effectively adjusted the seeding motor speed.

[0081] Example 5:

[0082] Based on the above embodiments, another embodiment of the present invention is that the electromagnetic speed sensor is assigned an identification number corresponding to the seeding motor. Each seeding motor and the corresponding electromagnetic speed sensor are assigned a unique identification number to ensure their matching and synchronization operation is only used for the corresponding seeding disc. When the electromagnetic speed sensor sends a stop rotation status to the terminal server, the terminal server verifies whether the identification number of the corresponding electromagnetic speed sensor is consistent with the identification number of the seeding motor executing the second control signal.

[0083] Its design purpose is that when the terminal server issues a control command to stop the rotation of a specific seed metering disc, theoretically, the corresponding electromagnetic speed sensor should detect that the seed metering disc has stopped rotating and report this status to the terminal server.

[0084] During operation, after receiving a stop signal, the terminal server verifies whether the serial number of the electromagnetic speed sensor that issued the stop signal matches the serial number of the seeding motor that received the second control signal. Through this pairing and verification mechanism, the system ensures that the control operation is targeting the correct seed metering disc.

[0085] Specifically: if the electromagnetic speed sensor sending the stop signal matches the identification number of the seeding motor executing the second control signal, the system is normal. If the electromagnetic speed sensor sending the stop signal does not match the identification number of the seeding motor executing the second control signal, the system is abnormal; the terminal server sends a command to the alarm, which then sounds an alarm.

[0086] When the terminal server detects a mismatch in identification numbers, it identifies an anomaly and triggers an alarm. This allows operators to quickly locate the specific seeding motor and sensor malfunctioning, enabling a rapid response through the alarm mechanism. Secondly, the terminal server verifies the matching between the electromagnetic speed sensor number and the seeding motor number to ensure that the control signal pausing the seed metering disc matches the actual paused seed metering disc. This identification number consistency verification ensures that the electromagnetic speed sensor corresponding to a specific seed metering disc is monitoring the correct disc, increasing control reliability.

[0087] Example 6:

[0088] Based on the above embodiments, another embodiment of the present invention further includes a solenoid valve, which is installed on the spray pipe corresponding to the seed metering tray. The solenoid valve is signal-connected to a terminal server, which controls its opening and closing. The solenoid valve is an existing electrically controlled valve that can be rapidly opened and closed by receiving control signals. The solenoid valve is installed on the spray pipe, which corresponds to a specific seed metering tray. Through signal control sent by the terminal server, the opening and closing of the solenoid valve is precisely controlled by the system, thereby controlling the flow rate and spraying timing of the fertilizer reagent passing through the solenoid valve.

[0089] For reference, the spray pipe is an existing fertilizer spraying pipe equipped with nozzles. The spray pipe has a certain internal pressure, and the spraying of fertilizer is controlled by the opening and closing of a solenoid valve. The nozzles, as the outlets at the end of the pipe, rely on the pressure within the pipe to spray the fertilizer. This design ensures the fertilizer is evenly distributed on the soil or crops. The terminal server can precisely control the opening and closing time of the solenoid valve according to the specific requirements of the plot requiring fertilization and the crop's growth stage, thereby controlling the amount of fertilizer sprayed each time. This achieves precise fertilization, ensuring that the plant's nutritional needs are met while avoiding excessive fertilizer use.

[0090] Simultaneously, while the fertilizer planter is sowing, the electromagnetic valve-controlled spray pipes can apply fertilizer in a timely and accurate manner, achieving synchronized sowing and fertilization. When necessary, the terminal server can also adjust the fertilization strategy based on plant growth and soil sensor data. This technologically advanced and precise management improves the efficiency of the entire planting process and the yield and quality of crops.

[0091] Example 7:

[0092] Based on the above embodiments, another embodiment of the present invention is a method for implementing precision sowing and fertilization of rice and wheat, using the above-mentioned electronic control system for precision sowing and fertilization of rice and wheat, comprising the following steps:

[0093] Step 100: Demarcate the work area. Use a GPS locator to determine the boundary information of the work area. Then, use a computer to set the work path and initial sowing point on the boundary information, determining the standard spacing for rice and wheat seed placement by the fertilizer planter along the straight path. Precisely demarcating the work area and setting the sowing path and starting point using a GPS locator ensures that the fertilizer planter operates efficiently and orderly along the predetermined path. Setting the work path minimizes duplicate sowing or missed areas, improving the coverage and uniformity of the sowing operation. When setting the work path, the actual terrain and land use conditions must be considered to rationally plan the planting path and avoid path obstruction caused by complex terrain.

[0094] Step 200: The ground wheel is independently mounted on the fertilizer planter, and each seed metering disc is driven independently by a seeding motor. The seed metering disc and the ground wheel do not affect each other. The method of independently driving each seed metering disc by a seeding motor increases the flexibility and controllability of the system. The rotation speed and seeding spacing of each seed metering disc are adjusted individually. To ensure that the performance of each seeding motor is consistent and reliable, and to prevent the uniformity of seeding of the entire row from being affected by the malfunction of a single seeding motor, the same model of seeding motor is used.

[0095] Step 300: Move the fertilizer planter to the initial point and verify it using the GPS locator; configure the standard spacing parameters, allowable deviation, and application parameters on the terminal server; it should be noted that in fertile soil or areas requiring intensive planting, the standard spacing parameters can be shortened, and the seeding motor can be adjusted to a higher speed to increase the planting volume; conversely, in poor soil or other areas unsuitable for dense planting, the standard spacing parameters can be increased, and the seeding motor speed can be adjusted accordingly to a lower speed.

[0096] Rice and wheat seeds and liquid fertilizer are poured into the hopper and spray container of the fertilizer planter, respectively. The hopper then feeds the rice and wheat seeds into the seed storage container of the seed metering tray. The planter is precisely moved to the starting point using GPS positioning, and relevant parameters are configured in the terminal server to automate the operation and improve the accuracy of sowing and fertilization. The GPS locator is used for positional calibration to avoid errors in the overall sowing path caused by deviations in the starting point.

[0097] Step 400: The fertilizer planter moves linearly along a predetermined path. The seeding motor drives the turntable of the seed metering disc to rotate, allowing rice and wheat seeds to enter the seeding channel of the seed metering disc and be placed in the soil, thus completing the sowing. The planter's linear movement along the predetermined path, driven by the seeding motor, ensures consistent sowing speed and spacing.

[0098] Step 500: Connect the spray container to the spray pipe and control the water pressure in the spray pipe to a constant state through the booster pump. When the electromagnetic speed sensor detects the rotation of the seed metering disc, the terminal server receives the rotation signal from the seed metering disc and controls the corresponding solenoid valve to open, thus completing the fertilization.

[0099] Furthermore, the aforementioned seeding motor adjusts its speed and controls the seeding amount along the predetermined path via a terminal server. By using the terminal server to adjust the speed of the seeding motor, it is possible to ensure that the seeding amount remains consistent over a wide area. In conjunction with a GPS locator, it is possible to accurately control seed placement along the predetermined seeding path.

[0100] When the seeding motor control unit receives the second control signal and pauses the seed metering disc, the corresponding solenoid valve is closed for synchronized fertilization. If the fertilization system continues to operate while the seed metering disc is stopped, fertilizer may be sprayed in areas where no seeds have been placed, wasting fertilizer and potentially damaging the soil. Therefore, when the seeding motor control unit executes the second control signal to pause the seed metering disc, the terminal server controls the corresponding solenoid valve to close. By closing the solenoid valve and stopping the fertilization operation, it ensures that fertilizer is applied only to the required areas and times, improving the accuracy and effectiveness of fertilizer use and contributing to environmental protection.

[0101] In this specification, terms such as "one embodiment," "another embodiment," "embodiment," and "preferred embodiment" refer to specific features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment, which are included in at least one embodiment described in the general description of this application. The appearance of the same term in multiple places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, the intention is to suggest that implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments also falls within the scope of this invention.

[0102] Although the invention has been described herein with reference to several illustrative embodiments, it should be understood that many other modifications and implementations can be devised by those skilled in the art, which will fall within the scope and spirit of the principles disclosed herein. More specifically, various variations and modifications can be made to the components and / or layout of the subject matter arrangement within the scope of the disclosure, drawings, and claims. Besides variations and modifications to the components and / or layout, other uses will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An electronic control system for precision seeding and fertilization of rice and wheat, the system being used in conjunction with a fertilizer-applying seeder for precision seeding and fertilization; characterized in that, The system includes: a seeding motor, a terminal server, a GPS locator, and an infrared sensor; the seeding motor control unit, the GPS locator, and the infrared sensor are all connected to the terminal server via signal. The GPS locator collects the location information of the fertilizer planter in real time and sends it to the terminal server. The seeding motor is powered by the seed metering disc of the fertilizer seeder, and the seeding motor control unit receives control signals from the terminal server and adjusts the speed of the seeding motor and the seed metering disc. The infrared sensor collects the placement signal of rice and wheat seeds as they pass through the seeding pipe of the seed metering tray and transmits the placement signal to the terminal server. The terminal server receives the placement signal each time and marks the location information. Each time the terminal server receives a seed delivery signal, it marks the location information. At this time, the terminal server records the marked location information sequentially as a set of locations {Q1, Q2, ..., Qn}. Here, {Q1, Q2, ..., Qn} represents the specific location of each seed delivery during the seeding process. The terminal server is configured with a standard spacing parameter Dy and an allowable deviation ΔD. The actual deviation D is calculated by the terminal server using the following formula: ； In the formula, Dy is the standard spacing parameter configured for the terminal server; k is the environmental weight coefficient; Let Qn be the longitude coordinates; Let Qn be the latitude coordinate; Let Qn-1 be the longitude coordinates. Let Qn-1 be the latitude coordinate; where Qn and Qn-1 are two consecutive marked position information of the terminal server; the value of the standard spacing parameter is set according to the ideal planting spacing of rice and wheat seeds; the terminal server determines the actual spacing of two rice and wheat seed placements through two adjacent position information; the terminal server obtains the actual deviation D through the difference between the actual spacing and the standard spacing parameter; the terminal server judges whether the seeding motor placement control is normal based on the actual deviation D. The allowable deviation △D provides a certain degree of tolerance for the sowing process. The allowable deviation △D configuration parameter allows the actual deviation value to fluctuate within an acceptable range. When the deviation exceeds the range of the configuration parameter, the terminal server adjusts the sowing motor. If the actual deviation D is within the allowable deviation ΔD, then the seeding motor control is normal. If the actual deviation D is outside the allowable deviation ΔD, then the seeding motor delivery control is abnormal. When the seeding motor control malfunctions, the terminal server outputs a first control signal to the seeding motor control unit; the seeding motor control unit then adjusts the seeding motor speed until the actual deviation D is within the allowable deviation ΔD range. When the ground wheel slips, the rotational speed of the drive shaft of the seed metering disc cannot match the travel speed of the moving carrier; the terminal server adjusts the seeding motor according to the magnitude and direction of the actual deviation D; when the actual deviation D is greater than 0, the first control signal is an acceleration signal, and when the actual deviation D is less than 0, the first control signal is a deceleration signal. By adjusting the seeding speed in real time, the uniformity of seeding is maintained, and the response changes are made in response to the movement speed.

2. The electronic control system for precision sowing and fertilization of rice and wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The terminal server counts the signals emitted by the infrared sensor; the terminal server configures the emission parameters, and when the emission signal count reaches the emission parameters, the terminal server sends a second control signal to the seeding motor control unit, which then executes the second control signal to stop the seed metering disc from rotating.

3. The electronic control system for precision sowing and fertilization of rice and wheat according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fertilizer planter has multiple seeding discs, and each seeding disc is equipped with an independent seeding motor and infrared sensor. The terminal server identifies and numbers the seeding motors and infrared sensors, so that the identification numbers of the infrared sensors on the same seeding disc are matched with the identification numbers of the seeding motors.

4. The electronic control system for precision sowing and fertilization of rice and wheat according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the terminal server receives the delivery signal, it marks the delivery signals of the same infrared sensor. When the count of the same infrared sensor reaches the delivery parameter, the terminal server sends a second control signal to the seeding motor control unit corresponding to the identification number.

5. The electronic control system for precision sowing and fertilization of rice and wheat according to claim 2, characterized in that: The system is equipped with an alarm and an electromagnetic speed sensor for the corresponding seed metering disc. Both the electromagnetic speed sensor and the alarm are connected to the terminal server. The terminal server collects the rotation status and speed information of the seed metering disc through the electromagnetic speed sensor. When the seeding motor control unit executes the first control signal, it sends a feedback signal to the terminal server, the feedback signal including the execution speed. The terminal server receives feedback signals and obtains the rotation status of the seed metering disc through an electromagnetic speed sensor. The terminal server will perform a verification of the rotation speed and rotation speed information. If the rotation speed and the rotation speed information are inconsistent, the terminal server sends a command to the alarm, which then sounds an alarm.

6. The electronic control system for precision sowing and fertilization of rice and wheat according to claim 5, characterized in that: The electromagnetic speed sensor is assigned an identification number corresponding to the sowing motor. When the electromagnetic speed sensor sends a "stop" rotation status to the terminal server, the terminal server verifies whether the identification number of the corresponding electromagnetic speed sensor matches that of the sowing motor executing the second control signal. If the electromagnetic speed sensor that sends the stop signal matches the identification number of the whole seeding motor that executes the second control signal, it indicates that the system is normal; If the electromagnetic speed sensor that sends the stop signal does not match the identification number of the seeding motor that executes the second control signal, it indicates a system malfunction; the terminal server sends a command to the alarm, which then sounds an alarm.

7. The electronic control system for precision sowing and fertilization of rice and wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system also includes a solenoid valve, which is installed on the spray pipe corresponding to the seed metering tray; the solenoid valve is signal-connected to the terminal server, and the terminal server controls the opening and closing of the solenoid valve.

8. A method for implementing precision sowing and fertilization of rice and wheat, using the electronic control system for precision sowing and fertilization of rice and wheat as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 100: Delineate the work area, determine the boundary information of the work area through a GPS locator, set the work path and the initial point of sowing on the boundary information through a computer, and determine the standard spacing for rice and wheat seeds to be placed by the fertilizer planter on the straight path. Step 200: Set the ground wheel independently on the fertilizer seeder, and drive each seed metering disc independently by the seeding motor; Step 300: Move the fertilizer applicator to the initial point and verify it using the GPS locator; configure the standard spacing parameters, allowable deviation, and application parameters of the terminal server; Pour rice and wheat seeds and liquid fertilizer into the hopper and spray container of the fertilizer planter, respectively. The hopper then feeds the rice and wheat seeds into the seed storage container of the seed metering tray. Step 400: Move the fertilizer planter in a straight line along the predetermined path. The seed metering disc is rotated by the seeding motor, so that the rice and wheat seeds enter the seeding channel of the seed metering disc and are placed in the soil to complete the sowing. Step 500: Connect the spray container to the spray pipe and control the water pressure in the spray pipe to a constant state through a booster pump. When the electromagnetic speed sensor detects the rotation of the seed metering disc, the terminal server receives the rotation signal from the seed metering disc and controls the corresponding solenoid valve to open, thus completing the fertilization.

9. The method for implementing precision sowing and fertilization of rice and wheat according to claim 8, characterized in that: The seeding motor adjusts its speed and controls the seeding amount on the predetermined path through the terminal server. When the seeding motor control unit executes the second control signal to stop the seed metering disc from rotating, the terminal server controls the corresponding solenoid valve to close.

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