Laser cladding additive manufacturing multi-powder cylinder powder mixing and recovery system and its operation method

Abstract

This invention relates to a multi-powder cylinder powder mixing and recycling system and its operating method for laser cladding additive manufacturing, belonging to the field of laser cladding additive manufacturing. Each powder cylinder of the powder feeder is equipped with an identical three-way solenoid valve, each three-way solenoid valve is equipped with an identical powder collector, and each three-way solenoid valve is connected to a powder mixer. The advantages of this invention are that powder mixing is performed before multi-powder laser cladding, and based on the laser switching beam and trajectory path and corresponding powder conveying information during the laser cladding process, the primary powder generated during the laser cladding idle operation is recycled and reused by controlling the solenoid valves and ultrasonic vibration equipment. The operation is convenient, and the primary powder generated during laser cladding parameter changes and laser-off idle operation in multi-powder and large component laser cladding processes can be recycled and reused, improving the utilization rate of laser cladding powder and achieving powder conservation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of laser cladding additive manufacturing, specifically relating to a multi-powder cylinder powder mixing and recycling system and its operation method for laser cladding additive manufacturing. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of technology, the requirements for the shape complexity of key components in manufacturing are becoming increasingly stringent. Furthermore, in harsh working conditions, these components are prone to surface corrosion, fatigue, and wear, leading to failure and resulting in significant resource waste and high maintenance costs. Laser cladding offers solutions for high-degree-of-freedom manufacturing, low-cost and efficient surface strengthening and modification, environmentally friendly and cost-effective repair and reuse of used parts, and direct forming of complex components. It is widely used in aerospace, high-end equipment, automotive, machine tool, and medical industries, demonstrating broad application prospects.

[0003] To cope with the diverse changes in market materials, multi-cylinder powder feeding in laser cladding additive manufacturing has gradually become the mainstream. However, uneven mixing of powders during multi-cylinder powder feeding and low powder utilization during cladding have always been problems. The former affects the molding quality, and the latter increases costs. To solve these two problems, powder mixing and recycling have received attention. In terms of powder mixing, existing laser cladding equipment basically lacks multi-powder mixing measures. To ensure stable powder flow, current laser cladding (powder feeding) equipment on the market is constantly feeding powder during operation. At the same time, in order to reduce stress, the design trajectory adopts partitioned laser cladding, Z-shaped laser cladding trajectory, etc., which creates empty running paths, resulting in powder waste. In addition, some powder will adhere to the cladding surface, which can easily cause defects such as slag inclusions.

[0004] Existing multi-tube powder mixing methods lack active mixing measures, and the three-way connectors used have significant limitations. First, the carrier gas passage is blocked, and the powder flow is obstructed. Second, there is no mixing space for multiple powders, and mixing is entirely dependent on particle collisions in narrow pipes. Existing powder recycling technologies mainly focus on the recycling and reuse of residual powder (secondary powder after laser cladding) during the cladding process. However, the secondary powder is contaminated to a certain extent after being exposed to laser radiation, which affects the performance of additive manufacturing samples and results in a large waste of primary powder. The recycled powder cannot be used as new powder. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a multi-powder cylinder powder mixing and recycling system and its operating method for laser cladding additive manufacturing. This system addresses the problems of uneven powder mixing and defects such as quality inconsistencies, inclusions, and porosity caused by powder adhesion or filling on the cladding surface. It improves the degree of multi-powder mixing and primary powder utilization, while also enhancing the performance of laser cladding additive manufacturing samples. Uniform mixing of multiple powders during the laser cladding process effectively improves product quality; recycling and reusing primary powder wasted during idle operation improves powder utilization; and the laser cladding process parameters can be changed in real time without considering powder effects or requiring equipment shutdown. Both systems effectively eliminate microscopic defects such as uneven powder mixing and quality inconsistencies, inclusions, and porosity caused by powder adhesion or filling on the cladding surface, thereby improving forming efficiency, forming quality, and reducing costs.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention includes a powder feeder, a three-way solenoid valve, a powder mixer, a powder feeding pipe, and a powder collector. Each powder cylinder of the powder feeder is equipped with an identical three-way solenoid valve, each three-way solenoid valve is equipped with an identical powder collector, and each three-way solenoid valve is connected to a powder mixer.

[0007] The powder feeder of the present invention has two powder cylinders, powder cylinder one and powder cylinder two, and three-way solenoid valves including identical three-way solenoid valve one and three-way solenoid valve two, and powder collectors including identical powder collector one and powder collector two.

[0008] The powder outlet of the powder cylinder one of the present invention is connected to the powder inlet of the three-way solenoid valve one of the three-way solenoid valve one through a powder feeding pipe; the powder outlet of the powder cylinder two of the powder feeder is connected to the powder inlet of the three-way solenoid valve two of the three-way solenoid valve two through a powder feeding pipe. Three-way solenoid valve one and three-way solenoid valve two are respectively connected to powder mixer inlet one and powder mixer inlet two of the powder mixer through powder outlet two of three-way solenoid valve one and powder outlet two of three-way solenoid valve two. The powder outlet of the three-way solenoid valve 1 is connected to the powder inlet of the powder collector 1 via a powder feeding pipe; the powder outlet of the three-way solenoid valve 2 is connected to the powder inlet of the powder collector 2 via a powder feeding pipe.

[0009] The three-way solenoid valve of the present invention includes a three-way solenoid valve coil, a three-way solenoid valve magnet, a three-way solenoid valve gasket, a three-way solenoid valve connecting rod, a three-way solenoid valve slider, and a three-way solenoid valve housing. The three-way solenoid valve coil is placed in the coil cavity of the three-way solenoid valve housing and is immovable. The three-way solenoid valve magnet is cylindrical and placed in the three-way solenoid valve coil, allowing free movement. The three-way solenoid valve magnet is connected to the three-way solenoid valve slider via the three-way solenoid valve connecting rod. The three-way solenoid valve gasket is fitted onto the three-way solenoid valve connecting rod, blocking the hole in the three-way solenoid valve connecting rod cavity on the three-way solenoid valve housing to prevent air leakage.

[0010] The powder mixer of the present invention includes an electric motor, a motor connecting rod, a powder mixer housing, straight blades, and a powder outlet. The electric motor is placed in the electric motor cavity of the powder mixer housing and is immovable. It is connected to the straight blades through the motor connecting rod. The powder inlet one and the powder inlet two are arranged symmetrically with respect to the rotation axis of the electric motor. The electric motor drives the straight blades to rotate and stir the powder flow. The powder outlet is installed at the powder distributor inlet of the powder spraying head of the laser cladding equipment.

[0011] The powder collector of the present invention includes a powder inlet and an enlarged portion, a powder cover, a powder sieve, a funnel, a funnel outlet, a spring, a cylinder, a sliding door, and an ultrasonic vibrator. The powder inlet and enlarged portion and the cover are integral parts. The cover is connected to the powder sieve via an internal thread. The funnel, funnel outlet, and ultrasonic vibrator are integral parts. The funnel is connected to the cylinder via an external thread. Multiple springs are arranged in a ring around an axis and welded to the funnel and cylinder, respectively.

[0012] The powder collector spring of the present invention includes two springs, with the spring travel directions arranged horizontally and vertically.

[0013] A method for operating a multi-powder-tube powder mixing and recovery system for laser cladding additive manufacturing includes the following steps: 1) The powder mixing and recycling system has two states: laser cladding state and powder recycling state. When the three-way solenoid valve is energized, it is in the powder recycling state, and when the three-way solenoid valve is de-energized, it is in the laser cladding state. 2) When in the powder recovery state, the powder recovery method of powder recovery unit one and powder recovery unit two in the powder recovery unit is the same. In powder recovery unit one, the powder is sprayed onto the powder sieve of powder recovery unit one through the powder inlet and the expansion part of powder recovery unit one. The ultrasonic vibrator installed on the funnel of powder recovery unit one vibrates to prevent clogging. After filtration, the powder enters the funnel of powder recovery unit one and flows into the recovery container through the powder outlet of powder recovery unit one. 3) When in the laser cladding state, the powder stream is conveyed to the powder mixer. The powder mixer is powered on, and the electric motor drives the straight blades to rotate, stirring and mixing the powder stream before sending it to the cladding area. 4) The calculation method for the energization time of the three-way solenoid valve is as follows: Experimentally determined, during laser cladding, the time from the start of powder feeding according to the set parameters to the stable delivery to the cladding area. t 1. Experiments determined the time required to transport powder to the cladding area during the transition from powder recovery to laser cladding. t 2; 5) Calculate the idle running time during the cladding process based on the laser cladding trajectory design information. t , t Through formula t=S / V Determined, where S is the no-load travel distance and V is the scanning speed during the no-load phase of laser cladding. ， when t>t At time 2, add a trigger time for energizing the three-way solenoid valve after the laser shut-off command. tt 2. Similarly, trigger the ultrasonic device's operating switch; when changing laser cladding process parameters or powder feeding rate during the laser cladding process, calculate the time from laser shut-off to successful change of powder feeding rate. t 0. Add a trigger time for energizing the three-way solenoid valve after the laser shut-off command. t 0+ t 1 -t 2. Similarly, trigger the ultrasonic device's operating switch; 6) Replace the powder sieve in the powder collector according to the powder particle size selected in the experiment, ensuring that the mesh size of the powder sieve is slightly larger than the mesh size of the selected laser cladding powder.

[0014] The advantages of this invention are: 1. Because this invention sets up a three-way solenoid valve and a powder collector, during operation, it is only necessary to define the trigger point and trigger time for powder collection in the laser cladding program according to the laser cladding trajectory planning and design. By using the energization and de-energization of the three-way solenoid valve, the powder is collected into the powder collector during the cladding process, thereby realizing the recycling and reuse of the powder. The operation is simple and the powder recycling rate is high. 2. This invention uses a powder mixer to achieve powder mixing, with a large carrier gas flow rate, a large powder mixing space and powder stirring function, which can enhance the degree of mixing of multiple powders and improve the molding quality; 3. The powder recycling process is completed before the powder is mixed, ensuring the reuse of individual powders.

[0015] 4. This invention has a novel structure, is easy to operate, and has low manufacturing cost. Compared with previous powder mixing and recycling methods, it can enhance the mixing degree of multiple powders and achieve primary powder recycling, making it suitable for widespread use in fields such as laser cladding additive manufacturing. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; In the diagram, 1: powder feeder, 2: three-way solenoid valve, 2-1: three-way solenoid valve one, 2-2: three-way solenoid valve two, 3: powder mixer, 4: powder feeding pipe, 5: powder collector, 5-1: powder collector one, 5-2: powder collector two; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the powder outlet of the powder feeder cylinder of the present invention; In the diagram, 1-1: Powder feeder cylinder one, 1-1-1: Powder outlet of powder cylinder one, 1-2: Powder feeder cylinder two, 1-2-1: Powder outlet of powder cylinder two; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the three-way solenoid valve and powder mixer assembly of the present invention; In the diagram, 2-1: Three-way solenoid valve one, where 2-1-1: powder inlet of three-way solenoid valve one, 2-1-2: powder outlet one of three-way solenoid valve one, 2-1-3: powder outlet two of three-way solenoid valve one, 2-2: Three-way solenoid valve two, where 2-2-1: powder inlet of three-way solenoid valve two, 2-2-2: powder outlet one of three-way solenoid valve two, 2-2-3: powder outlet two of three-way solenoid valve two, 3: powder mixer, where 3-1: powder inlet one of powder mixer, 3-2: powder inlet two of powder mixer, 3-3: powder outlet of powder mixer; Figure 4 This is a top view of the three-way solenoid valve and powder mixer assembly of the present invention; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 AA section view; In the diagram, 2-1: Three-way solenoid valve one, 2-1-4: Three-way solenoid valve one coil, 2-1-5: Three-way solenoid valve one magnet, 2-1-6: Three-way solenoid valve one gasket, 2-1-7: Three-way solenoid valve one connecting rod, 2-1-8: Three-way solenoid valve one slider, 2-1-9: Three-way solenoid valve one housing, 2-2: Three-way solenoid valve two, 2-2-4: Three-way solenoid valve two coil, 2-2-5: Three-way solenoid valve two magnet, 2-2-6: Three-way solenoid valve two gasket, 2-2-7: Three-way solenoid valve two connecting rod, 2-2-8: Three-way solenoid valve two slider, 2-2-9: Three-way solenoid valve two housing, 3-4: Electric motor, 3-5: Motor connecting rod, 3-6: Powder mixer housing, 3-7: Straight blade; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the slider of the three-way solenoid valve of the present invention; Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the powder recovery device of the present invention; In the diagram, 5-1: Powder collector 1; 5-1-1: Powder inlet and enlargement of powder collector 1; 5-1-2: Cover of powder collector 1; 5-1-3: Powder sieve of powder collector 1; 5-1-4: Funnel of powder collector 1; 5-1-5: Powder outlet of funnel of powder collector 1; 5-1-6: Spring of powder collector 1; 5-1-7: Cylinder of powder collector 1; 5-1-8: Pull door of powder collector 1; 5-1-9: Ultrasonic vibrator of powder collector 1. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the spring connection position of the powder collector of the present invention; Figure 9 This is an exploded schematic diagram of the powder recovery device II of the present invention; In the diagram, 5-2: Powder collector II; 5-2-1: Powder inlet and enlargement of powder collector II; 5-2-2: Cover of powder collector II; 5-2-3: Powder sieve of powder collector II; 5-2-4: Funnel of powder collector II; 5-2-5: Powder outlet of funnel of powder collector II; 5-2-6: Spring of powder collector II; 5-2-7: Cylinder of powder collector II; 5-2-8: Door of powder collector II; 5-2-9: Ultrasonic vibrator of powder collector II. Detailed Implementation

[0017] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, it includes a powder feeder 1, a three-way solenoid valve 2, a powder mixer 3, a powder feeding pipe 4, and a powder collector 5. Each powder cylinder of the powder feeder 1 is equipped with an identical three-way solenoid valve 2, each three-way solenoid valve 2 is equipped with an identical powder collector 5, and each three-way solenoid valve 2 is connected to a powder mixer 3.

[0018] The powder feeder 1 has two powder cylinders, powder cylinder one 1-1 and powder cylinder two 1-2. The three-way solenoid valve 2 includes the same three-way solenoid valve one 2-1 and three-way solenoid valve two 2-2. The powder collector 5 includes the same powder collector one 5-1 and powder collector two 5-2.

[0019] The powder outlet 1-1-1 of the powder cylinder 1 of the powder feeder 1 is connected to the powder inlet 2-1-1 of the three-way solenoid valve 2-1 via the powder feeding pipe 4; the powder outlet 1-2-1 of the powder cylinder 2 of the powder feeder 1 is connected to the powder inlet 2-2-1 of the three-way solenoid valve 2-2 via the powder feeding pipe 4. Three-way solenoid valve 1 2-1 and three-way solenoid valve 2-2 are respectively connected to powder mixer inlet 1 3-1 and powder mixer inlet 2 3-2 of powder mixer 3 through powder outlet 2-1-3 of three-way solenoid valve 1 and powder outlet 2-2-3 of three-way solenoid valve 2. The powder outlet of the three-way solenoid valve 2-1 is connected to the powder inlet of the powder collector 5-1 via the powder feeding pipe 4; the powder outlet of the three-way solenoid valve 2-2 is connected to the powder inlet of the powder collector 5-2 via the powder feeding pipe 4.

[0020] The powder flow in the powder cylinder 1-1 of the powder feeder 1 is controlled by the on / off power of the three-way solenoid valve 2-1 to be conveyed to the powder collector 5-1 or the powder mixer 3. Similarly, the powder cylinder 1-2 of the powder feeder 1 controls the powder flow through the three-way solenoid valve 2-2, which controls the gain and loss of power. The powder is then transported to the powder collector 5-2 or the powder mixer 3.

[0021] like Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the three-way solenoid valve 2 includes a three-way solenoid valve coil 2-1, a three-way solenoid valve magnet 2-1-5, a three-way solenoid valve gasket 2-1-6, a three-way solenoid valve connecting rod 2-1-7, a three-way solenoid valve slider 2-1-8, and a three-way solenoid valve housing 2-1-9. The three-way solenoid valve coil 2-1-4 is placed inside the coil cavity of the three-way solenoid valve housing 2-1-9 and is immovable. The magnet 2-1-5 of the solenoid valve is cylindrical and is placed in the coil 2-1-4 of the three-way solenoid valve, allowing it to move freely. The magnet 2-1-5 of the three-way solenoid valve is connected to the slider 2-1-8 of the three-way solenoid valve via the connecting rod 2-1-7 of the three-way solenoid valve. The gasket 2-1-6 of the three-way solenoid valve is fitted onto the connecting rod 2-1-7 of the three-way solenoid valve, blocking the hole in the cavity of the connecting rod 2-1-7 on the housing 2-1-9 of the three-way solenoid valve to prevent air leakage.

[0022] The three-way solenoid valve 2, specifically the three-way solenoid valve second 2-2, includes a three-way solenoid valve second coil 2-2-4, a three-way solenoid valve second magnet 2-2-5, a three-way solenoid valve second gasket 2-2-6, a three-way solenoid valve second connecting rod 2-2-7, a three-way solenoid valve second slider 2-2-8, and a three-way solenoid valve second housing 2-2-9; the three-way solenoid valve second coil 2-2-4 is placed in the coil cavity of the three-way solenoid valve second housing 2-2-9 and cannot be moved; the three-way solenoid valve... The second magnet 2-2-5 is cylindrical and is placed in the second coil 2-2-4 of the three-way solenoid valve, allowing it to move freely. The second magnet 2-2-5 of the three-way solenoid valve is connected to the second slider 2-2-8 of the three-way solenoid valve via the second connecting rod 2-2-7 of the three-way solenoid valve. The second gasket 2-2-6 of the three-way solenoid valve is fitted onto the first connecting rod 2-2-7 of the three-way solenoid valve, blocking the hole in the cavity of the second connecting rod 2-2-7 on the second housing 2-2-9 of the three-way solenoid valve to prevent air leakage.

[0023] like Figure 6 As shown, all three-way solenoid valves 2 described in this invention are of the same specification and have sliders of the same shape. Taking three-way solenoid valve 2-1 as an example, the slider 2-1-8 of the three-way solenoid valve 2-1 is the intersection of two oblique cylinders with the same bottom surface and pipe diameter. The included angle between the two oblique cylinders is the same as the included angle between the two powder outlets of the three-way solenoid valve 2-1.

[0024] The slider in the three-way solenoid valve 2, through its shape, can increase the powder flow rate. When the three-way solenoid valve 2 is energized, the powder flows to the powder collector 5; when de-energized, the powder flows to the powder mixer 3.

[0025] like Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the powder mixer 3 includes: an electric motor 3-4, a motor connecting rod 3-5, a powder mixer housing 3-6, and straight blades 3-7; wherein the electric motor 3-4 is placed in the electric motor cavity of the powder mixer housing 3-6 and is immovable, and is connected to the straight blades 3-7 through the motor connecting rod 3-5; the powder mixer 3 has multiple powder inlets, which are evenly arranged in a ring around the rotation axis of the electric motor 3-4. Taking two inlets as an example, powder inlet 1 3-1 and powder inlet 2 3-2 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the rotation axis of the electric motor 3-4; when the powder mixer 3 is energized, the electric motor 3-4 drives the straight blades 3-7 to rotate, thereby stirring and mixing the powder stream; like Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the three-way solenoid valve 2 and the powder mixer 3 form an integrated device. The powder mixer outlet 3-3 is installed at the powder distributor inlet of the powder spraying head of the laser cladding equipment to reduce the distance of powder feeding and re-transporting to the cladding area and improve powder utilization.

[0026] like Figure 7 and Figure 9As shown, the powder collector 5 includes: a powder inlet and enlargement section 5-1, a cover 5-1-2, a sieve 5-1-3, a funnel 5-1-4, a funnel outlet 5-1-5, a spring 5-1-6, a cylinder 5-1-7, a sliding door 5-1-8, and an ultrasonic vibrator 5-1-9, all of which are coaxial cylindrical (conical) shapes. The powder collector 5 includes a second powder collector 5-2, comprising: a powder inlet and enlargement section 5-2-1, a cover 5-2-2, a powder sieve 5-2-3, a funnel 5-2-4, a funnel outlet 5-2-5, a spring 5-2-6, a cylinder 5-2-7, a sliding door 5-2-8, and an ultrasonic vibrator 5-2-9, all of which are coaxial cylindrical (conical) shapes. The powder collector 5-1 and powder collector 5-2 have identical structures. Taking powder collector 5-1 as an example, the powder inlet and enlargement 5-1-1 and the cover 5-1-2 of powder collector 5-1 are a single unit. The cover 5-1-2 is connected to the powder sieve 5-1-3 of powder collector 5-1 via an internal thread. The cover 5-1-2 is connected to the funnel 5-1-4 of powder collector 5-1 via an external thread. The funnel 5-1-4 of powder collector 5-1... The powder outlet 5-1-5 of the final collector funnel and the ultrasonic vibrator 5-1-9 of the powder collector are a whole; the powder collector funnel 5-1-4 is connected to the powder collector cylinder 5-1-7 through the powder collector spring 5-1-6; the powder collector spring 5-1-6 consists of multiple sets (two springs in each set, with the spring stroke direction placed horizontally and vertically), arranged in a ring around the axis, and welded to the powder collector funnel 5-1-4 and the powder collector cylinder 5-1-7 respectively.

[0027] A method for operating a multi-powder-tube powder mixing and recovery system for laser cladding additive manufacturing includes the following steps: 1) The powder mixing and recycling system has two states: laser cladding state and powder recycling state. When the three-way solenoid valve 2 is energized, it is in the powder recycling state, and when the three-way solenoid valve 2 is de-energized, it is in the laser cladding state. 2) When in powder recovery mode, the powder recovery methods of powder recovery unit 1 5-1 and powder recovery unit 2 5-2 in powder recovery unit 5 are the same. Taking powder recovery unit 1 5-1 as an example, the powder is sprayed onto the powder screen 5-1-3 of powder recovery unit 1 through the powder inlet and the expansion part 5-1-1 of powder recovery unit 1. The ultrasonic vibrator installed on the funnel 5-1-4 of powder recovery unit 1 vibrates to prevent clogging. After filtration, the powder enters the funnel 5-1-4 of powder recovery unit 1 and flows into the recovery container through the powder outlet 5-1-5 of powder recovery unit 1. 3) When in the laser cladding state, the powder stream is conveyed to the powder mixer 3. The powder mixer 3 is powered on, and the electric motor 3-4 drives the straight blade 3-7 to rotate, stirring and mixing the powder stream before sending it to the cladding area. 4) The calculation method for the energization time of the three-way solenoid valve 2 is as follows: Experimentally determined, in the laser cladding state, the time from the start of powder feeding according to the set parameters to the stable delivery to the cladding area. t 1. Experiments determined the time required to transport powder to the cladding area during the transition from powder recovery to laser cladding. t 2; 5) Calculate the idle running time during the cladding process based on the laser cladding trajectory design information. t , t Through formula t=S / V Determined, where S is the no-load travel distance and V is the scanning speed during the no-load phase of laser cladding. ， when t>t At time 2, add a trigger time for energizing the three-way solenoid valve 2 after the laser shut-off command. tt 2. Similarly, trigger the ultrasonic device's operating switch; when changing laser cladding process parameters or powder feeding rate during the laser cladding process, calculate the time from laser shut-off to successful change of powder feeding rate. t 0. Add a trigger time for energizing the three-way solenoid valve 2 after the laser shut-off command. t 0+ t 1 -t 2. Similarly, trigger the ultrasonic device's operating switch; 6) Replace the powder sieve in powder collector 5 according to the powder particle size selected in the experiment, ensuring that the mesh size of the sieve is slightly larger than that of the selected laser cladding powder.

[0028] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for operating a multi-powder cylinder powder mixing and recycling system for laser cladding additive manufacturing, wherein the multi-powder cylinder powder mixing and recycling system for laser cladding additive manufacturing includes a powder feeder, a three-way solenoid valve, a powder mixer, a powder feeding pipe, and a powder collector, wherein each powder cylinder of the powder feeder is equipped with an identical three-way solenoid valve, each three-way solenoid valve is equipped with an identical powder collector, and each three-way solenoid valve is connected to a powder mixer; The powder feeder has two powder cylinders, powder cylinder one and powder cylinder two, and the three-way solenoid valves include the same three-way solenoid valve one and three-way solenoid valve two. The powder collector includes the same powder collector one and powder collector two. The powder mixer includes an electric motor, a motor connecting rod, a powder mixer housing, straight blades, and a powder outlet; characterized in that Includes the following steps: 1) The powder mixing and recycling system has two states: laser cladding state and powder recycling state. When the three-way solenoid valve is energized, it is in the powder recycling state, and when the three-way solenoid valve is de-energized, it is in the laser cladding state. 2) When in the powder recovery state, the powder recovery method of powder recovery unit one and powder recovery unit two in the powder recovery unit is the same. In powder recovery unit one, the powder is sprayed onto the powder sieve of powder recovery unit one through the powder inlet and the expansion part of powder recovery unit one. The ultrasonic vibrator installed on the funnel of powder recovery unit one vibrates to prevent clogging. After filtration, the powder enters the funnel of powder recovery unit one and flows into the recovery container through the powder outlet of powder recovery unit one. 3) When in the laser cladding state, the powder stream is conveyed to the powder mixer. The powder mixer is powered on, and the electric motor drives the straight blades to rotate, stirring and mixing the powder stream before sending it to the cladding area. 4) The calculation method of the energized time of the three-way electromagnetic valve is as follows: experimentally determined, in the laser cladding state, the time from starting powder feeding according to the set parameters to stably feeding to the cladding area t 1; experimentally determined, from the powder recycling state to the laser cladding state, the time of conveying powder to the cladding area t 2; 5) Calculate the idle running time during the cladding process based on the laser cladding trajectory design information. t , t Through formula t=S / V Determined, where S is the no-load travel distance and V is the scanning speed during the no-load phase of laser cladding. ， when t>t At time 2, add a trigger time for energizing the three-way solenoid valve after the laser shut-off command. tt 2. Similarly, trigger the ultrasonic device's operating switch; when changing laser cladding process parameters or powder feeding rate during the laser cladding process, calculate the time from laser shut-off to successful change of powder feeding rate. t 0. Add a trigger time for energizing the three-way solenoid valve after the laser shut-off command. t 0+ t 1 -t 2. Similarly, trigger the ultrasonic device's operating switch; 6) Replace the powder sieve in the powder collector according to the powder particle size selected in the experiment, ensuring that the mesh size of the powder sieve is slightly larger than the mesh size of the selected laser cladding powder.

2. The operating method of a laser cladding additive manufacturing multi-powder cylinder powder mixing and recovery system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The powder outlet of the powder cylinder one is connected to the powder inlet of the three-way solenoid valve one through a powder feeding pipe; the powder outlet of the powder cylinder two of the powder feeder is connected to the powder inlet of the three-way solenoid valve two through a powder feeding pipe. Three-way solenoid valve one and three-way solenoid valve two are respectively connected to powder mixer inlet one and powder mixer inlet two of the powder mixer through powder outlet two of three-way solenoid valve one and powder outlet two of three-way solenoid valve two. The powder outlet of the three-way solenoid valve 1 is connected to the powder inlet of the powder collector 1 via a powder feeding pipe; the powder outlet of the three-way solenoid valve 2 is connected to the powder inlet of the powder collector 2 via a powder feeding pipe.

3. The operating method of a laser cladding additive manufacturing multi-powder cylinder powder mixing and recycling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-way solenoid valve includes a three-way solenoid valve coil, a three-way solenoid valve magnet, a three-way solenoid valve gasket, a three-way solenoid valve connecting rod, a three-way solenoid valve slider, and a three-way solenoid valve housing. The three-way solenoid valve coil is placed in the coil cavity of the three-way solenoid valve housing and cannot move. The three-way solenoid valve magnet is cylindrical and placed in the three-way solenoid valve coil, allowing it to move freely. The three-way solenoid valve magnet is connected to the three-way solenoid valve slider through the three-way solenoid valve connecting rod. The three-way solenoid valve gasket is fitted onto the three-way solenoid valve connecting rod and blocks the hole in the three-way solenoid valve connecting rod cavity on the three-way solenoid valve housing to prevent air leakage.

4. The operating method of a laser cladding additive manufacturing multi-powder cylinder powder mixing and recycling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric motor in the powder mixer is placed in the electric motor cavity of the powder mixer housing and is immovable. It is connected to the straight blades through the motor connecting rod. The powder inlet one and the powder inlet two of the powder mixer are arranged symmetrically with respect to the rotation axis of the electric motor. The electric motor drives the straight blades to rotate and stir the powder flow. The powder outlet is installed at the powder distributor inlet of the powder spraying head of the laser cladding equipment.

5. The operating method of a laser cladding additive manufacturing multi-powder cylinder powder mixing and recycling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The powder collector includes a powder inlet and an enlarged portion, a cover, a sieve, a funnel, a funnel outlet, a spring, a cylinder, a sliding door, and an ultrasonic vibrator. The powder inlet and enlarged portion and the cover are integral parts. The cover is connected to the sieve via an internal thread. The funnel, funnel outlet, and ultrasonic vibrator are integral parts. The funnel is connected to the cylinder via an external thread. Multiple springs are arranged in a ring around an axis and welded to the funnel and cylinder, respectively.

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