Preparation equipment and method of coal gangue ceramic granules

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of preparation equipment of coal gangue ceramic granule, it is related to coal gangue ceramic granule preparation technical field.The feeding system includes conveying belt, and coal gangue discharging mechanism A, fly ash discharging mechanism, kaolin discharging mechanism, coal gangue discharging mechanism B, water glass discharging mechanism, foaming agent discharging mechanism, solidifying agent discharging mechanism and coal gangue discharging mechanism C are sequentially arranged above conveying belt along the length direction of conveying belt.The application is by controlling production raw material sequentially laid on conveying belt according to level, actually form considerable premixing, while coal gangue is added three times, first addition realizes as base layer, second addition is used to cover fly ash layer and kaolin layer sequentially laid on base layer as ash layer, third addition is used to cover foaming agent, solidifying agent laid on top as covering layer;While the three-time addition of coal gangue also facilitates to improve the premixing effect thereof with other raw materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of coal gangue ceramsite preparation technology, and in particular relates to a coal gangue ceramsite preparation device and preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Coal gangue is a black waste rock with low carbon content discharged during coal mining. Its chemical composition is similar to clay, but it contains high levels of carbon and sulfur, resulting in a large loss on ignition. Its main components are Al₂O₃ and SiO₂, and it also contains varying amounts of Fe₂O₃, CaO, MgO, Na₂O, K₂O, P₂O₅, SO₃, and trace amounts of rare elements (gallium, vanadium, titanium, cobalt).

[0003] For example, CN113698175A discloses a method for preparing coal gangue ceramsite, CN115739935B discloses a preparation device and production process for producing ceramsite from coal gangue, and CN111423198A discloses a method for preparing coal gangue ceramsite from coal gangue. All of these patents contain technical solutions for preparing ceramsite from coal gangue. However, in practice, the raw materials for producing coal gangue ceramsite need to be mixed in the above-mentioned technical solutions. However, the raw materials are not premixed before stirring and mixing, which can easily affect the uniformity of material mixing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a preparation device for coal gangue ceramsite. By controlling the production raw materials to be laid sequentially on a conveyor belt in layers, a considerable premixing is achieved in practice. The coal gangue is added in three stages: the first addition serves as a base layer; the second addition serves as a ash-pressing layer to cover the fly ash and kaolin layers laid sequentially on the base layer, preventing liquid water glass from falling onto the material surface and causing splashing of the fly ash or kaolin layers; the third addition serves as a covering layer to cover the foaming agent and curing agent on top, preventing them from flying away due to conveyor belt operation or ambient wind. The three-stage addition of coal gangue also facilitates better premixing with other raw materials, solving the problem in existing technologies where the lack of premixing of production raw materials easily affects the uniformity of material mixing.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention relates to a device for preparing coal gangue ceramsite, comprising a feeding system, a granulation system, a drying system, and a rotary kiln for ceramsite calcination. The granulation system is located at the end of the feeding system. Conveying systems for transporting materials are provided between the discharge position of the granulation system and the feed position of the drying system, and between the discharge position of the drying system and the feed position of the rotary kiln for ceramsite calcination. The feeding system includes a conveyor belt and, along the length of the conveyor belt, sequentially arranged above the conveyor belt are a coal gangue feeding mechanism A, a fly ash feeding mechanism, a kaolin feeding mechanism, a coal gangue feeding mechanism B, a water glass feeding mechanism, a foaming agent feeding mechanism, a curing agent feeding mechanism, and a coal gangue feeding mechanism C.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the width of the conveyor belt is L; the coal gangue feeding mechanism A, fly ash feeding mechanism, kaolin feeding mechanism, coal gangue feeding mechanism B, and coal gangue feeding mechanism C have the same structure, all including a hopper and a vibrating feeder disposed below the hopper, and a feeder with a gradually decreasing cross-sectional width from top to bottom is disposed directly below the end of the vibrating feeder; the length of the feeder is between 0.4L and 0.6L.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a material-pushing mechanism A is provided above the conveyor belt between the coal gangue feeding mechanism B and the water glass feeding mechanism; the material-pushing mechanism A is used to push the material layer formed above the conveyor belt along the length of the conveyor belt and along with the conveyor belt to form at least one groove A; the water glass feeding mechanism includes a container, and a feeding module matching the groove A is provided at the bottom of the container; the feeding module is connected to a feeding pipe A provided at the bottom of the container, a connecting ring is sealed to the bottom periphery of the feeding pipe A, and a feeding pipe B is sealed to one side of the connecting ring, the feeding pipe B is sleeved on the outer periphery of the feeding pipe A; and the inner diameter of the feeding pipe B is larger than the outer diameter of the feeding pipe A, and a baffle plate located directly below the feeding pipe A is fixed inside the feeding pipe B by a connecting rod.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a material-pushing mechanism B is provided above the conveyor belt between the water glass feeding mechanism and the foaming agent feeding mechanism; the material-pushing mechanism B is used to push the material layer formed above the conveyor belt along the length of the conveyor belt and along the conveyor belt to form at least one groove B; the groove A and the groove B are staggered.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the foaming agent feeding mechanism and the curing agent feeding mechanism have the same structure, both including a feeder formed by welding multiple feeding hoppers together in sequence, the top of the feeder is provided with a baffle, and the bottom of the feeding hopper is connected with a rectangular tube; the feeding hopper is in the shape of a four-sided pyramid.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the feeding mechanism A and feeding mechanism B have the same structure, both including an inverted "U" shaped frame installed on the conveyor belt, and a pair of round rods are connected between the two inner side walls of the "U" shaped frame. The round rods are horizontally arranged and their length direction is perpendicular to the conveying direction of the conveyor belt.

[0012] It also includes at least one movable block that moves left and right along the length of the round rod. The movable block is provided with a through hole for the round rod to move through and a locking bolt A. A fixing sleeve is provided on the outer side wall opposite to the movable block provided with the locking bolt A. The fixing sleeve is provided with a locking bolt B, and a material feeding rod is installed inside the fixing sleeve.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the feeding rod includes a rectangular rod fixed in a fixed sleeve. At least two positioning sleeves are connected to one side of the rectangular rod. A positioning rod is sleeved inside the positioning sleeve. A feeding rod is connected to the end of the positioning rod. The feeding rod has a symmetrical inclined surface near the coal gangue feeding mechanism A. A pressure sensor is provided in one of the positioning sleeves. A groove is provided at the end of the positioning rod. A top rod is provided in the groove. The end of the top rod is connected to a top block by a spring.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a liquid level sensor is provided inside the container; a discharge hole communicating with a discharge pipe A is provided at the bottom of the container; a plug is provided at the discharge hole, and a telescopic cylinder is connected to the top of the plug; a liquid inlet pipe communicating with a liquid supply mechanism is provided at the top of the container, and the bottom end of the liquid inlet pipe extends to the bottom of the container.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it further includes a controller, which is connected to a liquid level sensor, a conveyor belt, and a coal gangue feeding mechanism A;

[0016] When the coal gangue feeding mechanism A stops feeding, the theoretical and practical t1 required to detect the liquid level H in the container and determine the complete natural outflow of water glass is then determined.

[0017] The conveying speed of the conveyor belt is detected, and the time t2 for the coal gangue tail material located on the conveyor belt to pass under the water glass feeding mechanism is calculated by measuring the distance L0 between the coal gangue feeding mechanism A and the water glass feeding mechanism.

[0018] Determine t1 and t2. If t2 > t1 + t3, no operation is required. If t2 is less than or equal to t1 + t3, control the conveyor belt to reduce its speed.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the coal gangue ceramsite is processed using a coal gangue ceramsite preparation device as described above;

[0020] The coal gangue ceramsite comprises 65-85 wt% coal gangue, 3-15 wt% fly ash, 5-20 wt% kaolin, 4-15 wt% water glass, 0.1-3 wt% foaming agent, and 0.1-3 wt% curing agent.

[0021] During preparation, 75%, 15%, and 10% of coal gangue are added through coal gangue feeding mechanism A, coal gangue feeding mechanism B, and coal gangue feeding mechanism C, respectively.

[0022] The preparation method includes:

[0023] Coal gangue, fly ash, kaolin, water glass, foaming agent and curing agent are fed into the granulation system through the feeding system and mixed evenly to produce raw material balls with a particle size of 5-20mm.

[0024] The raw material balls are conveyed into the drying system, where the drying temperature is 80-150℃ and the holding time is 6-8 hours.

[0025] The dried raw pellets are fed into the rotary kiln for ceramsite roasting. This process consists of three parts: preheating, roasting, and cooling. The raw ceramsite pellets enter the preheating kiln through the kiln head hood for preheating and decarbonization. The preheated material automatically flows into the roasting kiln as the inclined kiln rotates. After roasting and expansion, the ceramsite flows into the cooling kiln for cooling, producing the finished coal gangue ceramsite product.

[0026] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the above is described.

[0027] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] This invention controls the production raw materials to be laid sequentially in layers on a conveyor belt, forming a considerable premix in practice. Coal gangue is added in three stages: the first addition serves as a base layer; the second addition acts as a ash-pressing layer, covering the fly ash and kaolin layers laid sequentially on the base layer to prevent liquid water glass from falling onto the material surface and causing splashing of the fly ash or kaolin layers; the third addition acts as a covering layer, covering the foaming agent and curing agent on top of the material, preventing them from flying away due to conveyor belt operation or ambient wind. The three-stage addition of coal gangue also facilitates better premixing with other raw materials.

[0029] Of course, any product implementing this invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the equipment used in the preparation of this invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a layout diagram of the feeding system of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the conveyor belt material stack structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the water glass feeding mechanism of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the feeder structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding mechanism A of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding mechanism A of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the mating structure of the positioning sleeve and positioning rod of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the foaming agent feeding mechanism of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "opening", "upper", "lower", "thickness", "top", "middle", "length", "inner", "around", etc., which indicate orientation or positional relationship, are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the components or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0042] Please see Figure 1 As shown, this invention is a device for preparing coal gangue ceramsite, comprising a feeding system 1, a granulation system 2, a drying system 3, and a rotary kiln for calcining ceramsite arranged sequentially. The process for preparing coal gangue ceramsite includes:

[0043] Coal gangue, fly ash, kaolin, water glass, foaming agent and curing agent are fed into granulation system 2 through feeding system 1 and mixed evenly to form raw material balls with a particle size of 5-20mm.

[0044] The raw material balls are conveyed into the drying system 3 through a conveyor, and the drying temperature is 80-150℃ with a holding time of 6-8 hours;

[0045] The dried raw pellets are fed into the rotary kiln 4 for ceramsite roasting. This process consists of three parts: preheating → roasting → cooling. The raw ceramsite pellets enter the preheating kiln through the kiln head hood for preheating and decarbonization. The preheated material automatically flows into the roasting kiln as the inclined kiln rotates. After roasting and expansion, the ceramsite flows into the cooling kiln for cooling, producing the finished coal gangue ceramsite product.

[0046] Of course, in order to facilitate the transfer of materials between the granulation system 2 and the drying system 3, and between the drying system 3 and the rotary kiln 4 for ceramsite calcination, the present invention provides a conveying system 5 for transporting materials between the discharge position of the granulation system 2 and the feed position of the drying system 3, and between the discharge position of the drying system 3 and the feed position of the rotary kiln 4 for ceramsite calcination.

[0047] It is understood that, in this invention, the coal gangue ceramsite provided by this invention comprises 80wt% coal gangue, 6wt% fly ash, 6wt% kaolin, 7wt% water glass, 0.5wt% foaming agent, and 0.5wt% curing agent;

[0048] The curing agent consists of 40% silicate, 35% quartz powder, 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 5% carbon powder, 5% iron powder, 8% starch, and 5% manganese oxide; the foaming agent is sodium carbonate, and the water glass concentration is 10 wt%.

[0049] It is understandable that, in some possible implementations, in order to improve the uniformity of mixing of the mixture entering the granulation system 2 through a reasonable material distribution method during the feeding process of the feeding system 1, Figure 2Therefore, the feeding system 1 of the present invention is configured to include a conveyor belt 10, and coal gangue feeding mechanism A11, fly ash feeding mechanism 12, kaolin feeding mechanism 13, coal gangue feeding mechanism B14, water glass feeding mechanism 15, foaming agent feeding mechanism 16, curing agent feeding mechanism 17 and coal gangue feeding mechanism C18 arranged sequentially above the conveyor belt 10 along the length direction of the conveyor belt 10; in use, 75% amount, 15% amount and 10% amount of coal gangue are added through the coal gangue feeding mechanism A11, coal gangue feeding mechanism B14 and coal gangue feeding mechanism C18 respectively.

[0050] In the above, the coal gangue feeding mechanism A11 delivers 75% of the coal gangue as a base layer on the conveyor belt 10 to prevent the smaller amounts of fly ash and kaolin from falling onto the belt and causing adhesion, resulting in large formula errors. The coal gangue feeding mechanism B14 delivers 15% of the coal gangue to cover the fly ash and kaolin layers laid sequentially on the base layer, preventing liquid water glass from falling onto the material surface and causing the fly ash or kaolin layers to splash. At the same time, the coal gangue feeding mechanism C18 delivers 15% of the coal gangue to cover the foaming agent and curing agent on the top layer, preventing the foaming agent and curing agent on the conveyor belt 10 from flying due to the operation of the conveyor belt 10 or ambient wind. In the above, the conveyor belt 10 is equipped with a belt cover, which is used to shield and prevent dust from flying in the environment generated by the feeding of coal gangue feeding mechanism A11, fly ash feeding mechanism 12, kaolin feeding mechanism 13, coal gangue feeding mechanism B14, water glass feeding mechanism 15, foaming agent feeding mechanism 16, curing agent feeding mechanism 17 and coal gangue feeding mechanism C18.

[0051] Of course, it is understandable that when water glass, foaming agent, or curing agent is fed using a feeding method such as coal gangue, water glass, foaming agent, or curing agent is prone to splashing and causing losses. Since the amount of water glass, foaming agent, or curing agent used is small, even a small amount of splashing can affect the accuracy of the formula. Therefore, the present invention reduces the feeding loss of water glass, foaming agent, or curing agent through the following settings.

[0052] Specifically, such as Figure 2 and 3A material-pushing mechanism A10a is provided above the conveyor belt 10 located between the coal gangue feeding mechanism B14 and the water glass feeding mechanism 15. The material-pushing mechanism A10a is used to push the material layer formed above the conveyor belt 10 along the length of the conveyor belt 10 to form two grooves A1001. A material-pushing mechanism B10b is provided above the conveyor belt 10 located between the water glass feeding mechanism 15 and the foaming agent feeding mechanism 16. The material-pushing mechanism B10b is used to push the material layer formed above the conveyor belt 10 along the length of the conveyor belt 10 to form two grooves A1001. The conveyor belt 10 is used to convey and open up three grooves B1002; grooves A1001 and grooves B1002 are staggered; based on the above, in the process of laying the material, water glass is directly added into groove A1001; foaming agent and curing agent are added into groove B1002; based on this, when water glass is added into groove A1001 first, the material feeding mechanism B10b causes the coal gangue and other materials on both sides of the top of groove A1001 to collapse during the process of opening up and forming three grooves B1002, thereby covering the top of groove A1001.

[0053] In the above, the bottom sides of both trench B1002 and trench A1001 are located in the fly ash layer.

[0054] Based on the above design requirements, in order to accurately add water glass into the trench A1001, the water glass feeding mechanism 15 in this invention is configured to include a container 140, and a feeding module matching the trench A1001 is provided at the bottom end of the container 140; the feeding module is connected to a feeding pipe A141 provided at the bottom of the container 140, and a connecting ring 142 is sealed to the bottom periphery of the feeding pipe A141. A feeding pipe B143 is sealed to one side of the connecting ring 142, and the feeding pipe B143 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the feeding pipe A141; and the feeding pipe B143... The inner diameter of pipe 3 is larger than the outer diameter of the discharge pipe A141. During use, the discharge pipe B143 is inserted into the trench A1001. At this time, the water glass is discharged into the trench A1001 in sequence through the container 140, the discharge pipe A141 and the discharge pipe B143. Of course, in this application, the discharge pipe B143 has a baffle plate 145 located directly below the discharge pipe A141 fixed inside by the connecting rod 144. The baffle plate 145 forms a corresponding shield to prevent the water glass discharged through the discharge pipe A141 from having an excessive flow rate and directly impacting the inside of the material layer, causing fly ash to splash.

[0055] To ensure precise addition of the foaming agent and curing agent into trench B1002, such as Figure 9The foaming agent feeding mechanism 16 and the curing agent feeding mechanism 17 have the same structure. Both include a feeder formed by welding multiple feeding hoppers 160 in sequence. The top of the feeder is equipped with a baffle 161, and the bottom of the feeding hopper 160 is connected to a rectangular tube 162. The feeding hopper 160 is in the shape of a four-sided pyramid. When in use, the bottom of the rectangular tube 162 is inserted into the groove B1002.

[0056] It is understood that, in the relevant embodiments, the width of the conveyor belt 10 can be set to 80cm. The coal gangue feeding mechanism A11, fly ash feeding mechanism 12, kaolin feeding mechanism 13, coal gangue feeding mechanism B14, and coal gangue feeding mechanism C18 have the same structure, all including a hopper and a vibrating feeder installed below the hopper, such as... Figure 5 The vibrating feeder is provided with a feeder 19 with a cross-sectional width that gradually decreases from top to bottom directly below the end of the vibrating feeder. At this time, the feeder 19 is 40cm long and 3cm wide.

[0057] It is understandable that in some possible implementations, such as Figure 6-8 The feeding mechanisms A10a and B10b have the same structure, both including an inverted "U"-shaped frame 100 mounted on the conveyor belt 10. A pair of round rods 101 are connected between the two inner side walls of the "U"-shaped frame 100. The round rods 101 are horizontally arranged and their length direction is perpendicular to the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 10. The mechanism also includes at least one movable block 102 that moves left and right along the length direction of the round rods 101. The movable block 102 is provided with a through hole 103 for the round rods 101 to pass through, and a locking bolt A104. Opposite to the movable block 102 with the locking bolt A104... A fixing sleeve 105 is provided on the outer wall, and a locking bolt B106 is provided on the fixing sleeve 105. A material-pulling rod 107 is installed inside the fixing sleeve 105. In use, by adjusting the position of the movable block 102 on the round rod 101, it is convenient to control the staggered setting of the groove B1002 and the groove A1001 as required above, that is, to ensure that a groove B1002 is formed on both sides of the groove A1001. At the same time, by adjusting the position of the material-pulling rod 107 on the fixing sleeve 105 in the vertical direction, it is convenient to adjust the depth of the groove B1002 and the groove A1001 as required.

[0058] To facilitate the control of the timing of adding water glass, foaming agent, and curing agent, that is, to ensure that water glass, foaming agent, and curing agent are accurately added into trenches A1001 and B1002, such as... Figure 8The feeding rod 107 in this invention includes a rectangular rod 1070 fixed within a fixing sleeve 105. At least two positioning sleeves 1071 are connected to one side of the rectangular rod 1070. A positioning rod 1072 is fitted inside each positioning sleeve 1071. A feeding rod 1073 is connected to the end of the positioning rod 1072. The feeding rod 1073 has symmetrical inclined surfaces 1074 near the coal gangue feeding mechanism A11. A pressure sensor 1078 is installed inside one of the positioning sleeves 1071. A groove 1079 is provided at the end of the positioning rod 1072. A top rod 1075 is installed inside the groove 1079. The end of the top rod 1075 is connected to a top block 1077 via a spring 1076. That is, when the lever 1073 completes the material feeding to form grooves B1002 and A1001, the pressure sensor 1078 triggers a signal to adjust the timing of adding water glass, foaming agent and curing agent based on the distance between the material feeding mechanism A10a and the water glass feeding mechanism 15, the distance between the material feeding mechanism B10b and the foaming agent feeding mechanism 16, and the distance between the material feeding mechanism B10b and the curing agent feeding mechanism 17. In other words, it is necessary to calculate that the corresponding materials are added only when groove A1001 moves below the water glass feeding mechanism 15 and groove B1002 moves to the foaming agent feeding mechanism 16 and the curing agent feeding mechanism 17.

[0059] Based on the above, such as Figure 4 The container 140 provided by the present invention is equipped with a liquid level sensor inside; the bottom of the container 140 is provided with a discharge hole 146 communicating with a discharge pipe A141; a plug 148 is provided at the discharge hole 146, and the top of the plug 148 is connected to a telescopic cylinder 149; the top of the container 140 is provided with a liquid inlet pipe 147 communicating with a liquid supply mechanism, and the bottom end of the liquid inlet pipe 147 extends to the bottom of the container 140; it includes a controller, which is connected to the liquid level sensor, the conveyor belt 10 and the coal gangue discharge mechanism A11;

[0060] When in use, when the coal gangue feeding mechanism A11 stops feeding, the liquid level height H in the detection container 140 is measured, and the theoretical and practical t1 required to determine the complete natural outflow of water glass is determined.

[0061] The conveying speed of the conveyor belt 10 is detected, and the time t2 for the coal gangue tail material located on the conveyor belt 10 to pass below the water glass feeding mechanism 15 is calculated by passing the distance L0 between the coal gangue feeding mechanism A11 and the water glass feeding mechanism 15.

[0062] Determine t1 and t2. If t2 > t1 + t3, no operation is required. If t2 is less than or equal to t1 + t3, control the conveyor belt 10 to reduce its speed.

[0063] This setup allows for the complete discharge of water glass onto the material layer, preventing the water glass from being discharged slowly due to blockages, while the high conveying speed of the conveyor belt 10 causes some water glass to be directly discharged onto the conveyor belt 10.

[0064] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0065] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for preparing coal gangue ceramsite, characterized in that: It includes a feeding system (1), a granulation system (2), a drying system (3), and a rotary kiln for calcining ceramsite (4). The granulation system (2) is located at the end of the feeding system (1); a conveying system (5) for transporting materials is provided between the discharge position of the granulation system (2) and the feed position of the drying system (3), and between the discharge position of the drying system (3) and the feed position of the rotary kiln (4) for ceramsite calcination. The feeding system (1) includes a conveyor belt (10) and a coal gangue feeding mechanism A (11), a fly ash feeding mechanism (12), a kaolin feeding mechanism (13), a coal gangue feeding mechanism B (14), a water glass feeding mechanism (15), a foaming agent feeding mechanism (16), a curing agent feeding mechanism (17), and a coal gangue feeding mechanism C (18) arranged sequentially above the conveyor belt (10) along its length. A material-pushing mechanism A (10a) is provided above the conveyor belt (10) located between the coal gangue feeding mechanism B (14) and the water glass feeding mechanism (15); the material-pushing mechanism A (10a) is used to pry open the material layer formed above the conveyor belt (10) to form at least one groove A (1001), the groove A (1001) is opened along the length direction of the conveyor belt (10), and the groove A (1001) is opened synchronously with the conveyor belt (10); The water glass feeding mechanism (15) includes a container (140), and a feeding module matching the groove A (1001) is provided at the bottom end of the container (140). The feeding module includes a feeding pipe A (141) connected to the bottom of the container (140). A connecting ring (142) is sealed to the bottom periphery of the feeding pipe A (141). A feeding pipe B (143) is sealed to one side of the connecting ring (142). The feeding pipe B (143) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the feeding pipe A (141). The inner diameter of the feeding pipe B (143) is larger than the outer diameter of the feeding pipe A (141). A baffle plate (145) located directly below the feeding pipe A (141) is fixed inside the feeding pipe B (143) by a connecting rod (144). A material-pushing mechanism B (10b) is provided above the conveyor belt (10) located between the water glass feeding mechanism (15) and the foaming agent feeding mechanism (16); the material-pushing mechanism B (10b) is used to push open the material layer formed above the conveyor belt (10) to form at least one groove B (1002), the groove B (1002) is opened along the length direction of the conveyor belt (10), and the groove B (1002) is opened synchronously with the conveyor belt (10); the groove A (1001) and the groove B (1002) are staggered.

2. The equipment for preparing coal gangue ceramsite according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the conveyor belt (10) is L; The coal gangue feeding mechanism A (11), fly ash feeding mechanism (12), kaolin feeding mechanism (13), coal gangue feeding mechanism B (14) and coal gangue feeding mechanism C (18) have the same structure. They all include a hopper and a vibrating feeder set below the hopper. The end of the vibrating feeder is provided with a feeder (19) whose cross-sectional width gradually decreases from top to bottom. The length of the feeder (19) is between 0.4L and 0.6L.

3. The equipment for preparing coal gangue ceramsite according to claim 1, characterized in that, The foaming agent feeding mechanism (16) and the curing agent feeding mechanism (17) have the same structure. Both include a feeding device formed by welding multiple feeding hoppers (160) together in sequence. The top of the feeding device is provided with a baffle (161), and the bottom of the feeding hopper (160) is connected with a rectangular tube (162). The feeding hopper (160) is in the shape of a four-sided pyramid.

4. The equipment for preparing coal gangue ceramsite according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding mechanism A (10a) and feeding mechanism B (10b) have the same structure, both including an inverted "U" shaped frame (100) installed on the conveyor belt (10). A pair of round rods (101) are connected between the two inner side walls of the "U" shaped frame (100). The round rods (101) are horizontally arranged and their length direction is perpendicular to the conveying direction of the conveyor belt (10). It also includes at least one movable block (102) that moves left and right along the length of the round rod (101), the movable block (102) being provided with a through hole (103) for the round rod (101) to move through, and a locking bolt A (104). A fixing sleeve (105) is provided on the outer side wall of the movable block (102). Locking bolt A (104) and fixing sleeve (105) are provided on two opposite outer side walls of the movable block (102). Locking bolt B (106) is provided on the fixing sleeve (105), and a material feeding rod (107) is installed inside the fixing sleeve (105).

5. The equipment for preparing coal gangue ceramsite according to claim 4, characterized in that, The material feeding rod (107) includes a rectangular rod (1070) fixed in a fixed sleeve (105). At least two positioning sleeves (1071) are connected to one side of the rectangular rod (1070). A positioning rod (1072) is sleeved inside the positioning sleeve (1071). A lever (1073) is connected to the end of the positioning rod (1072). The lever (1073) has a symmetrical inclined surface (1074) near the coal gangue feeding mechanism A (11). A pressure sensor (1078) is provided inside one of the positioning sleeves (1071). The end of the positioning rod (1072) is provided with a groove (1079), and a top rod (1075) is provided in the groove (1079). The end of the top rod (1075) is connected to the top block (1077) by a spring (1076).

6. The equipment for preparing coal gangue ceramsite according to claim 1, characterized in that, The container (140) is equipped with a liquid level sensor inside; the bottom of the container (140) is equipped with a discharge hole (146) that communicates with the discharge pipe A (141); a plug (148) is provided at the discharge hole (146), and the top of the plug (148) is connected to a telescopic cylinder; the top of the container (140) is equipped with a liquid inlet pipe (147) that communicates with the liquid supply mechanism, and the bottom end of the liquid inlet pipe (147) extends to the bottom of the container (140).

7. A method for preparing coal gangue ceramsite, characterized in that, The coal gangue ceramsite is processed using the coal gangue ceramsite preparation equipment described in any one of claims 1-6 above; The coal gangue ceramsite comprises 65-85 wt% coal gangue, 3-15 wt% fly ash, 5-20 wt% kaolin, 4-15 wt% water glass, 0.1-3 wt% foaming agent, and 0.1-3 wt% curing agent. During preparation, 75%, 15%, and 10% of coal gangue are added respectively through coal gangue feeding mechanism A (11), coal gangue feeding mechanism B (14), and coal gangue feeding mechanism C (18); The preparation method includes: Coal gangue, fly ash, kaolin, water glass, foaming agent and curing agent are fed into the granulation system (2) through the feeding system (1) and mixed evenly to form raw material balls with a particle size of 5 to 20 mm. The raw material balls are conveyed into the drying system (3) through the conveying system (5), and the drying temperature is 80-150℃ and the heat preservation time is 6-8h. The dried raw pellets are fed into the rotary kiln for calcining ceramsite (4). This process consists of three parts: preheating → calcining → cooling. The raw ceramsite pellets enter the preheating kiln through the kiln head cover for preheating and decarbonization. The preheated material automatically flows into the calcining kiln as the inclined kiln rotates. After calcination and expansion, the ceramsite flows into the cooling kiln for cooling, and the finished coal gangue ceramsite is produced.

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