A complete hard rock stratum underground excavation method subway station structure system

Abstract

The application relates to a complete hard rock stratum underground excavation method subway station structure system. A traditional underground excavation method subway station main structure is composed of a reinforced concrete arch top component, a middle plate component, a bottom plate component, side walls and internal structures to form a frame system. In order to fully utilize the high strength and strong weathering resistance of the building material properties of the complete hard rock, the application constructs an underground excavation method subway station structure system which cancels the reinforced concrete bottom plate structure and part of the reinforced concrete platform plate structure under the condition of the complete hard rock, or further cancels part of the reinforced concrete side wall or all of the reinforced concrete side wall, or further cancels the arch top reinforced concrete component, and directly uses the in-situ complete hard rock to replace the structure components. Therefore, the hard rock excavation amount and the amount of station building materials are reduced. Since there is no reinforced concrete bottom plate, the buoyancy effect is completely eliminated, and the anti-floating component in the hard rock stratum is avoided. The application is green, simplifies the process, shortens the construction period, reduces the engineering cost, and reduces the decoration engineering amount.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of underground space structure technology, and in particular to a complete subway station structure system using the tunnel excavation method in hard rock strata. Background Technology

[0002] With megacities and super-large cities now operating their subway systems in a network-like manner, many newly built subway lines feature deeply buried stations, some with foundations located in intact hard rock strata. Other stations have shallower rock burial depths, but their foundations are also situated in intact hard rock strata.

[0003] For subway stations constructed using the traditional cut-and-cover method, the main structure of the station includes reinforced concrete arches, side walls, and invert arches (bottom slabs) for various geological strata. The differences lie only in the soil and water pressure coefficients, bearing capacities, advance support measures, tunnel excavation methods, initial support parameters, and the thickness and reinforcement of the secondary lining of the main structure.

[0004] Intact hard rock is strong and resistant to weathering, making it one of the oldest and most practical building materials, far superior in durability to modern reinforced concrete structures. For example, the Egyptian pyramids, ancient civilization sites, are thousands of years old, the Roman Colosseum was built two thousand years ago, and my country's famous Zhaozhou Bridge has been in use for 1400 years. Modern projects like the Hongqi Canal and the Guoliang Highway are also typical examples of fully utilizing the properties of rock.

[0005] The principle of this application is to make full use of intact hard rock as part of the permanent structure, with the aim of constructing a new type of subway station structural system that reduces the amount of hard rock excavation, the amount of building materials used, and the amount of decoration work. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a complete subway station structure system using the cut-and-cover method in hard rock strata.

[0007] Firstly, a complete structural system for subway stations using the cut-and-cover method in hard rock strata is provided, which includes: The station is a reinforced concrete structure, with its outer side in contact with soil or rock. The station's hard rock structure is formed from in-situ hard rock that meets design requirements; the bottom of the station's reinforced concrete structure is connected to the station's hard rock structure, together forming a complete structural system. In the aforementioned structural system, at least the station's bottom structure is constructed from in-situ hard rock that meets design requirements, replacing the reinforced concrete base slab and platform slab.

[0008] In some embodiments, the structural system includes a station arch structure and side walls, as well as the station base structure; The station's arch structure and side walls are all constructed of reinforced concrete. The station's bottom structure is formed by in-situ hard rock on the station's bottom surface, replacing the reinforced concrete base slab and platform slab. The in-situ hard rock on the station's bottom surface has a track area rock surface for vehicle passage, a platform rock surface for use as a platform, and a side wall bottom rock surface for connection with the reinforced concrete side walls.

[0009] In some embodiments, the structural system includes a station arch structure and side walls, as well as the station base structure; The entire arch structure of the station is constructed of reinforced concrete. The side walls include in-situ hard rock side walls and reinforced concrete side walls; the reinforced concrete side walls and the station arch are all made of reinforced concrete to form the station's reinforced concrete structure. The in-situ hard rock sidewall is provided with a bearing rock surface for supporting the reinforced concrete sidewall and the middle plate assembly; the in-situ hard rock sidewall has a vertical rock wall; The station's bottom structure is formed from in-situ hard rock on the station's bottom surface, replacing the reinforced concrete base slab and platform slab, and together with the in-situ hard rock sidewalls, constitutes the station's hard rock structure; the in-situ hard rock on the station's bottom surface has a track area rock surface for vehicle passage, a platform rock surface for use as a platform, and a sidewall bottom rock surface for connection with the reinforced concrete sidewalls.

[0010] In some embodiments, the structural system includes a station arch structure and side walls, as well as the station base structure; The entire arch structure of the station is constructed of reinforced concrete. The side walls are all formed from in-situ hard rock and have vertical rock walls; the top of the side walls formed entirely from in-situ hard rock has an arch foot bottom rock surface for supporting the station arch structure and a middle plate bottom rock surface for supporting the middle plate assembly. The station's bottom structure is formed from in-situ hard rock on the station's bottom surface, replacing the reinforced concrete base slab and platform slab, and together with the side walls, which are all formed from in-situ hard rock, constitute the station's hard rock structure; the in-situ hard rock on the station's bottom surface has a track area rock surface for vehicle passage and a platform rock surface for use as a platform.

[0011] In some embodiments, the structural system includes a station arch structure and side walls, as well as the station base structure; The station's bottom structure, side walls, and arch structure are all constructed from in-situ hard rock that meets design requirements, forming the station's hard rock structure; the station's reinforced concrete structure is not included in the structural system. The sidewall has a bottom rock surface for supporting the middle plate assembly; The station's bottom structure has a track area rock surface for vehicle passage, a platform rock surface for use as a platform, and a side wall bottom rock surface for connection with the side walls; the station's arch has an arch rock surface.

[0012] In some embodiments, the station arch structure includes an arch assembly and arch feet, with advanced support and initial support provided above the arch assembly; and advanced support provided on the outer side of the sidewall.

[0013] In some embodiments, the structural system is a single-span structure; or, The structural system is a multi-span structure. The station's bottom structure is supported by frame column foundations on the in-situ hard rock, and frame columns that overlap with the lowest middle plate component are provided on the frame column foundations. Frame columns are also provided between the station's arch structure and the central plate assembly.

[0014] In some embodiments, the in-situ hard rock has a uniaxial saturated compressive strength RC > 30 MPa and strong resistance to weathering; The hard rock structure of the station is either a complete rock surface or has bedrock fissures. When there are bedrock fissures, grouting is used to seal the fissures.

[0015] In some embodiments, the hard rock structure of the station is further provided with a platform slab, which includes two mutually perpendicular parts. One part overlaps with the platform rock surface, and the top surface of this part is located on the same plane as the platform rock surface. The other part is set perpendicular to the rock surface of the track area and supported on the rock surface. The space below the platform slab forms a cable channel.

[0016] In some embodiments, the hard rock structure of the station is a complete rock surface or has bedrock fissures. When there are bedrock fissures, grouting is used to seal the fissures. An interface agent is applied to the connection surface between the hard rock structure and the reinforced concrete structure of the station.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided in this application include: This application provides a tunnel-excavation subway station structural system using intact hard rock strata. The main station structure is formed by a combination of reinforced concrete and in-situ intact hard rock. To fully utilize the high strength and weather resistance of intact hard rock, this application constructs a tunnel-excavation subway station structural system that, under intact hard rock conditions, eliminates the reinforced concrete base slab and part of the reinforced concrete platform slab, or further eliminates part or all of the reinforced concrete side walls, or even further eliminates the reinforced concrete arch components, directly replacing these structural components with in-situ intact hard rock. The most basic form is that the station's bottom structure is formed from in-situ hard rock that meets design requirements. This reduces the amount of hard rock excavation in the foundation pit and the amount of station building materials used, and also reduces the amount of finishing materials used. Furthermore, since there is no reinforced concrete base slab, buoyancy is completely eliminated, avoiding the need to construct anti-buoyancy components within the hard rock strata. This system is environmentally friendly, simplifies procedures, shortens the construction period, reduces project costs, provides new decoration styles, and offers significant technical and economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a mined-excavation station where the reinforced concrete arch and sidewall structure are integrated with the in-situ intact hard rock bottom, as provided in this application. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a mined-excavation station combining a reinforced concrete arch and part of the sidewall structure with an in-situ intact hard rock bottom and part of the in-situ intact hard rock sidewalls, as provided in this application. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a mined-excavation station combining a reinforced concrete arch structure with an in-situ intact hard rock bottom and in-situ intact hard rock sidewalls, as provided in this application. Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the tunnel station provided in this application consists of an in-situ intact hard rock arch, in-situ intact hard rock sidewalls, and in-situ intact hard rock bottom structure.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Advanced support; 2. Initial support; 3. Arch crown assembly; 4. Arch foot; 5. Reinforced concrete sidewall; 6. Intermediate slab assembly; 7. Frame column; 8. Frame column foundation; 9. Rock wall; 10. Track top ventilation duct; 11. Platform slab; 12. Cable tunnel; 13. Platform rock surface; 14. Track area rock surface; 15. Sidewall bottom rock surface; 16. Bearing rock surface; 17. Arch foot bottom rock surface; 18. Intermediate slab bottom rock surface; 19. Arch crown rock surface. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] This application provides a complete hard rock stratum tunneling method subway station structure system. Based on existing related technologies, it makes full use of the in-situ complete hard rock as part of the permanent structure, and constructs a tunneling method subway station structure system that reduces the amount of hard rock excavation and building materials.

[0023] This application provides a complete subway station structure system using the cut-and-cover method in hard rock strata, which includes: The station consists of a reinforced concrete structure and a hard rock structure. The hard rock structure is made of in-situ hard rock that meets the design requirements. The bottom of the reinforced concrete structure is connected to the hard rock structure to form a complete structural system. The most basic form is that at least the bottom structure of the station is made of in-situ hard rock that meets the design requirements, instead of reinforced concrete base slabs and platform slabs.

[0024] Due to varying geological conditions at different work sites, the structural components that can be replaced with in-situ intact hard rock also differ. The most basic form of this application involves eliminating the original reinforced concrete base slab structure and part of the platform slab, replacing them with in-situ intact hard rock. Based on this, all or part of the reinforced concrete sidewalls can be eliminated and replaced with in-situ intact hard rock. Alternatively, all concrete arch components, arch feet, sidewalls, bottom, and platform slab components of the original frame system can be eliminated and directly replaced with in-situ intact hard rock. For hard rock that meets the hardness requirements, preliminary excavation, fine excavation, and surface finishing ensure the integrity of the final hard rock structure surface, making it part of the station structure. This reduces the amount of hard rock excavation and building materials used. Furthermore, since there is no reinforced concrete base slab, buoyancy is completely eliminated, avoiding the need to construct anti-buoyancy components within the hard rock strata. This approach is both environmentally friendly and simplifies procedures, shortens the construction period, and reduces project costs. It also provides a new decoration style, reduces the amount of decoration work, and yields significant technical and economic benefits.

[0025] It should be understood in this application that in-situ hard rock refers to rock with a uniaxial saturated compressive strength R. C>30MPa (including igneous rocks such as granite, diorite, syenite, diabase, andesite, basalt, quartz trachyte, and quartz porphyry; metamorphic rocks such as gneiss, quartzite, schist, serpentinite, marble, and slate; welded tuff, siliceous conglomerate, siliceous limestone, limestone, dolomite, and other carbonate rocks; calcareous sandstone; iron-cemented conglomerate and sandstone; and other sedimentary rocks), with good integrity (unweathered or slightly weathered), strong resistance to weathering, poorly developed joints, no weak surfaces, and very little bedrock fissure water.

[0026] The in-situ hard rock mentioned above and below refers to naturally intact hard rock that meets design requirements and is retained in its original location after the foundation pit is excavated, to distinguish it from hard rock masonry. It should be noted that the reinforced concrete structures described above do not include reinforced concrete components such as frame columns, intermediate slabs, and internal structures. In other words, among reinforced concrete components, those that can be replaced by hard rock structures fall into one category, including the tunnel-excavation method's arch, side walls, and base slab structures. Frame columns, intermediate slabs, and internal structures that are not considered for replacement with in-situ intact hard rock fall into another category.

[0027] In some preferred embodiments, several different structural forms of subway station structures suitable for cut-and-cover construction are given below, based on different hard rock conditions, with two-story stations as an example. Figures 1 to 4 For example: Form 1: The complete hard rock replaces only the reinforced concrete components of the base slab and platform slab, while retaining all the reinforced concrete side walls and arch structure.

[0028] For reference Figure 1 ,For example: The structural system includes the station's arch structure and side walls, as well as the station's bottom structure; The station's reinforced concrete structure includes the station's arch structure and all side walls, with the central slab assembly 6 connected to the side walls. The station's arch structure includes an arch assembly 3 and arch feet 4, with advanced support 1 and initial support 2 provided above the arch assembly 3; advanced support 1 is provided on the outer side of the side walls. The station's hard rock structure is formed from the in-situ hard rock on the station's bottom surface. It serves as the station's bottom structure, replacing the reinforced concrete base slab and platform slab. The in-situ hard rock on the station's bottom surface includes a track area rock surface 14 for vehicle passage, a platform rock surface 13 for use as a platform, and a side wall bottom rock surface 15 for connection with the reinforced concrete side wall 5.

[0029] The arch assembly 3 includes an arch and a top longitudinal beam; the middle plate assembly 6 includes a middle plate and longitudinal beams; the number of middle plate assemblies 6 is several.

[0030] The structural system is a single-span structure; or, the structural system is a multi-span structure, with frame column foundations 8 on the in-situ hard rock of the station bottom structure, and frame columns 7 on the frame column foundations 8 that overlap with the middle plate component 6 located at the bottom.

[0031] Option 2: Complete hard rock replaces the bottom slab, platform slab, and some of the reinforced concrete components of the side walls.

[0032] For reference Figure 2 ,For example: The structural system includes the station's arch structure and side walls, as well as the station's base structure. The station arch structure includes an arch component 3 and an arch foot 4. The arch component 3 is provided with an advance support 1 and an initial support 2 above it; the side walls are provided with an advance support 1 on their outer side. The entire arch structure of the station is made of reinforced concrete; The side walls include in-situ hard rock side walls and reinforced concrete side walls 5; the reinforced concrete side walls 5 and the station arch are all made of reinforced concrete to form the station's reinforced concrete structure.

[0033] The hard rock sidewall of the station replaces the original reinforced concrete sidewall in that area. It is provided with a bearing rock surface 16 to support the reinforced concrete sidewall 5 and the middle plate assembly 6. The in-situ hard rock sidewall has a vertical rock wall 9. The station's hard rock bottom structure is formed by the in-situ hard rock of the station's bottom surface, replacing the reinforced concrete bottom slab and platform slab, and together with the in-situ hard rock sidewalls, constitutes the station's hard rock structure. The in-situ hard rock of the station's bottom surface has a track area rock surface 14 for vehicle passage, a platform rock surface 13 for use as a platform, and a sidewall bottom rock surface 15 for connection with the reinforced concrete sidewalls 5.

[0034] The structural system is a single-span structure; or, the structural system is a multi-span structure, with frame column foundations 8 on the in-situ hard rock of the station bottom structure, and frame columns 7 on the frame column foundations 8 that overlap with the middle plate component 6 located at the bottom.

[0035] Form 3: Complete hard rock replaces the bottom slab, platform slab, and all reinforced concrete components of the side walls.

[0036] For reference Figure 3 ,For example: The structural system includes the station's arch structure and side walls, as well as the station's bottom structure; The entire arch structure of the station is constructed of reinforced concrete. The side walls are all formed from in-situ hard rock and have vertical rock walls 9; the top of the side walls formed from in-situ hard rock has an arch foot bottom rock surface 17 for supporting the station arch structure and a middle plate bottom rock surface 18 for supporting the middle plate assembly 6. The station's bottom structure is formed from in-situ hard rock, replacing the reinforced concrete base slab and platform slab, and together with the side walls, which are also entirely formed from in-situ hard rock, constitute the station's hard rock structure. The in-situ hard rock of the station's bottom surface includes a track area rock surface 14 for vehicle passage and a platform rock surface 13 for use as a platform.

[0037] The structural system is a single-span structure; or, the structural system is a multi-span structure, with frame column foundations 8 on the in-situ hard rock of the station's bottom structure, and frame columns 7 on the frame column foundations 8 that overlap with the lowest middle plate component 6. Form 4: The station's bottom structure, side walls, and arch structure are all constructed using in-situ hard rock excavation in accordance with design requirements. The structural system includes the station's arch structure, side walls, and bottom structure; the station's bottom structure, side walls, and arch structure are all constructed using in-situ hard rock in accordance with design requirements to constitute the station's hard rock structure; the structural system does not include the station's reinforced concrete structure.

[0038] For example Figure 4 The hard rock sidewalls have a bottom rock surface 18 for supporting the middle plate assembly 6; the station's hard rock bottom structure has a track area rock surface 14 for vehicle passage, a platform rock surface 13 for use as a platform, and a bottom rock surface 15 for connection with the reinforced concrete sidewalls 5. The station arch has an arch rock surface 19. The structural system is a single-span structure; or, the structural system is a multi-span structure, with frame column foundations 8 on the in-situ hard rock of the station's bottom structure, and frame columns 7 on the frame column foundations 8 that overlap with the bottom middle plate assembly 6. In this configuration, the middle plate assembly 6 and the frame columns 7 are concrete structural members, greatly reducing construction costs.

[0039] In both Form 1 and Form 2 above, it is necessary to set up advanced support 1 and initial support 2 to ensure the progress of the underground excavation process and to participate in the subsequent structural stress.

[0040] For multi-story structures, based on Forms 1 to 3, a structural form that eliminates multi-story sidewalls can be derived. Whether a reinforced concrete sidewall 5 should be provided between the middle plate assembly 6 and the track area rock surface 14 should be determined according to geological conditions. When the stratum where the sidewall is located is intact hard rock, in-situ intact hard rock should be used instead of reinforced concrete sidewall components. In other cases, reinforced concrete sidewalls should be provided.

[0041] In some preferred embodiments, for the four types of stations described above, the hard rock structure is either a complete rock surface or has bedrock fissures. When bedrock fissures are present, grouting is performed to seal the fissures. Please refer to the following description for details.

[0042] Type 3 includes the station rock wall 9, platform rock surface 13, track area rock surface 14, side wall bottom rock surface 15, load-bearing rock surface 16, arch foot bottom rock surface 17, middle slab bottom rock surface 18, and arch crown rock surface 19, which are either intact rock surfaces or hard rock with fissures. These bedrock fissures are filled with ultrafine cement grout, penetrating crystallizing material, or epoxy resin. In other words, when the station rock wall 9, platform rock surface 13, side wall bottom rock surface 15, load-bearing rock surface 16, arch foot bottom rock surface 17, middle slab bottom rock surface 18, and arch crown rock surface 19 have bedrock fissures, ultrafine cement grout, penetrating crystallizing material, or epoxy resin should be used to grout and seal the fissures.

[0043] For exposed hard rock surfaces that require a decorative effect, areas inaccessible to people (such as the rock walls of railway stations) can be sprayed (painted), while areas accessible to people (such as platform surfaces) can be polished to create a decorative effect.

[0044] An interface agent is applied to the connection surface between the station's hard rock structure and the station's reinforced concrete structure; that is, the principle of waterproof sealing between the station's reinforced concrete components and the rock surface, so that the reinforced concrete components are tightly bonded to the station's rock wall 9, the bottom rock surface of the side wall 15, the load-bearing rock surface 16, the bottom rock surface of the arch foot 17, and the bottom rock surface of the middle slab 18 to form an integral whole. It is necessary to clean the damaged rock on the bonding surface and apply an interface agent to the rock surface.

[0045] The station's hard rock structure also includes a platform slab 11, which comprises two perpendicular parts. One part overlaps with the platform rock surface 13, and the top surface of this part is on the same plane as the platform rock surface 13. The other part is perpendicular to and supported on the track area rock surface 14. The space below the platform slab 11 forms a cable channel 12. This design reduces the amount of interior decoration materials used in the subway station, and the interface agent strengthens the adhesion between the station's reinforced concrete structure and the rock strata.

[0046] In the most basic embodiment, this application eliminates the reinforced concrete base slab, bottom longitudinal beams, and platform slab, directly using in-situ intact hard rock instead. Furthermore, the hard rock platform is ground to form a hard rock platform surface, significantly reducing the amount of hard rock excavation in the foundation pit, simplifying construction steps, and reducing the amount of reinforced concrete and finishing materials used.

[0047] The above settings will have the following effects: Based on the distribution of hard rock in the station, the reinforced concrete components of the base slab and part of the platform slab can be eliminated, or further, all or part of the reinforced concrete components of the side walls can be eliminated, or even further, the reinforced concrete components of the arch can be eliminated, directly replacing these structural components with in-situ intact hard rock. To minimize the amount of hard rock excavation, the grounding grid will be placed within the soil cover space above the top slab. The power channels under the station platform surface will be rationally consolidated, eliminating the reinforced concrete structure of the base slab and most of the platform slab, replacing them all with in-situ intact hard rock. When there are bedrock fissures on the rock surface, grouting (ultra-fine cement grout, penetrating crystallizing material, epoxy resin, etc.) should be performed to seal the fissures. For exposed hard rock surfaces requiring decorative effects, areas inaccessible to personnel (such as the rock walls of the track area station) can be sprayed (painted), while areas accessible to personnel (such as the platform surface) can be polished to create a decorative effect. When using in-situ intact hard rock as a structural surface, requirements for controlling the quality of excavation construction are proposed. Through preliminary excavation, fine excavation, and surface finishing, the integrity of the final hard rock structure surface is ensured, and surface cracks are not formed due to construction.

[0048] The principle of this invention is to fully utilize the load-bearing capacity and weathering resistance of hard rock. The method involves directly using intact hard rock in situ as the main load-bearing component of underground structures. The benefits include being environmentally friendly, simplifying procedures, shortening construction time, and reducing project costs.

[0049] In this application's subway station structural system, the middle slab component 6 is generally a flat plate. When the single-span structure has a large span, a multi-span structure can be used. Depending on the distribution of hard rock in the station, in-situ intact hard rock can be directly used to replace the bottom slab, platform slab, part or all of the side walls, and even the reinforced concrete components of the arch.

[0050] As a permanent structure, in-situ intact hard rock does not require anchor bolts, thus eliminating the damage to the integrity of the hard rock caused by anchor bolts.

[0051] Subway stations have internal components, such as track top ventilation ducts 10.

[0052] The following is a specific implementation plan; please refer to the following explanation: Figure 1 The diagram shown is an embodiment of the patented technology, specifically a standard cross-sectional view of a complete hard rock stratum underground excavation method subway station structure system.

[0053] The station is a two-level island platform station with two columns and three spans, with the platform level located on the second basement level. Both adjacent sections at both ends of the station were constructed using the shield tunneling method, with the shield tunnel passing through the station.

[0054] The station is 251m long, with a standard section foundation pit width of 24.8m. The station arch is buried at a depth of approximately 18.4m, and the station floor is buried at a depth of approximately 33.9m. The arch-cover tunneling method was used for construction.

[0055] The geological conditions within the site, from top to bottom, consist of artificial fill, alluvial-diluvial sedimentary layers of fine silty sand, medium-coarse sand, gravelly sand, and silty clay; the residual soil layer is red clastic rock residual soil. The underlying bedrock comprises silty mudstone, siltstone, and conglomerate, including completely weathered, strongly weathered, moderately weathered, and slightly weathered zones. The surrounding terrain is relatively flat, surface water is underdeveloped, and groundwater consists of Quaternary pore water, bedrock weathering fissure water, and tectonic fissure water. The slightly weathered rock has slightly developed fissures, is relatively intact, and is relatively hard, with an approximate RQD of about 85%. The saturated compressive strength ranges from 30.0 to 62.0 MPa, classifying it as hard rock. It is a relatively intact rock mass, and its integrity improves with increasing burial depth.

[0056] The station's arch structure was excavated through four pilot tunnels. The arch was equipped with advanced pre-support measures such as 108mm self-propelled large pipe sheds and 42mm small pipes. The initial support was a grid steel frame with a 350mm thick C25 shotcrete.

[0057] The station has a three-span clear width of 3×7.6m. The arch top of the station's arch structure is 0.8m thick, the arch foot is 2.5m×2.5m, the thickness of the first basement level slab is 0.4m, and the sidewall thickness is 1m. No waterproofing layer is installed between the second basement level sidewall 5 and the rock wall 9. The foundation pit is meticulously excavated, and any rock fragments with excavation cracks in rock wall 9 are cleaned. After sealing any seepage points, a bonding agent is applied to the intact rock wall to ensure a tight bond between the rock wall and the sidewall concrete. The platform slab surface is meticulously excavated and polished to form the granite platform surface. This simplifies the construction process, saves investment, shortens the construction period, reduces construction difficulty, and has significant technical and economic benefits.

[0058] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0059] It should be noted that in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0060] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A complete subway station structure system using the cut-and-cover method in hard rock strata, characterized in that, It includes: The station is a reinforced concrete structure, with its outer side in contact with soil or rock. The station has a hard rock structure, which is formed from in-situ hard rock that meets the design requirements; The bottom of the station's reinforced concrete structure is connected to the station's hard rock structure, together forming a complete structural system; In the aforementioned structural system, at least the station's bottom structure is constructed from in-situ hard rock that meets design requirements, replacing the reinforced concrete base slab and platform slab.

2. The complete hard rock stratum tunneling method for subway station structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The structural system includes the station's arch structure and side walls, as well as the station's bottom structure; The station's arch structure and side walls are all constructed of reinforced concrete. The station bottom structure is formed by in-situ hard rock on the station bottom surface to replace the reinforced concrete bottom slab and platform slab; the in-situ hard rock on the station bottom surface has a track area rock surface (14) for vehicle passage, a platform rock surface (13) for use as a platform, and a side wall bottom rock surface (15) for connection with the reinforced concrete side wall (5).

3. The complete hard rock stratum tunneling method subway station structure system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The structural system includes the station's arch structure and side walls, as well as the station's bottom structure; The entire arch structure of the station is constructed of reinforced concrete. The side walls include in-situ hard rock side walls and reinforced concrete side walls (5); the reinforced concrete side walls (5) and the station arch are all made of reinforced concrete to form the reinforced concrete structure of the station; The in-situ hard rock sidewall is provided with a bearing rock surface (16) for supporting the reinforced concrete sidewall (5) and the middle plate assembly (6); the in-situ hard rock sidewall has a vertical rock wall (9). The station bottom structure is formed by in-situ hard rock on the station bottom surface to replace the reinforced concrete bottom slab and platform slab, and together with the in-situ hard rock sidewalls, it constitutes the station hard rock structure; the in-situ hard rock on the station bottom surface has a track area rock surface (14) for vehicle passage, a platform rock surface (13) for use as a platform, and a sidewall bottom rock surface (15) for connection with the reinforced concrete sidewalls (5).

4. The complete hard rock stratum tunneling method subway station structure system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The structural system includes the station's arch structure and side walls, as well as the station's bottom structure; The entire arch structure of the station is constructed of reinforced concrete. The side walls are all formed in situ hard rock and have vertical rock walls (9); the top of the side walls formed in situ hard rock has an arch foot bottom rock surface (17) for supporting the station arch structure and a middle plate bottom rock surface (18) for supporting the middle plate assembly (6). The station bottom structure is formed by in-situ hard rock on the station bottom surface to replace the reinforced concrete bottom slab and platform slab, and together with the side walls formed entirely by in-situ hard rock, constitutes the station hard rock structure; the in-situ hard rock on the station bottom surface has a track area rock surface (14) for vehicle passage and a platform rock surface (13) for use as a platform.

5. The complete hard rock stratum tunneling method for subway station structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The structural system includes the station's arch structure and side walls, as well as the station's bottom structure; The station's bottom structure, side walls, and arch structure are all constructed from in-situ hard rock that meets design requirements, forming the station's hard rock structure; the station's reinforced concrete structure is not included in the structural system. The sidewall has a bottom rock surface (18) for supporting the middle plate assembly (6). The station's bottom structure has a track area rock surface (14) for vehicle passage, a platform rock surface (13) for use as a platform, and a side wall bottom rock surface (15) for connection with the side walls; the station's vault has a vault rock surface (19).

6. The complete hard rock stratum tunneling method subway station structure system as described in claim 2, 3, or 4, characterized in that: The station arch structure includes an arch component (3) and an arch foot (4). The arch component (3) is provided with an advance support (1) and an initial support (2) above it; the side wall is provided with an advance support (1) on its outer side.

7. The complete hard rock stratum tunneling method subway station structure system as described in claim 2, 3, 4, or 5, characterized in that: The structural system is a single-span structure; or... The structure system is a multi-span structure. The station bottom structure is provided with frame column foundation (8) on the in-situ hard rock, and the frame column foundation (8) is provided with frame column (7) that overlaps with the bottom middle plate component (6). A frame column (7) is also provided between the station arch structure and the middle plate assembly (6).

8. The complete hard rock stratum tunneling method for subway station structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The uniaxial saturated compressive strength R of the in-situ hard rock C >30MPa, and has strong weather resistance; The hard rock structure of the station is either a complete rock surface or has bedrock fissures. When there are bedrock fissures, grouting is used to seal the fissures.

9. The complete hard rock stratum tunneling method subway station structure system as described in claim 2, 3, 4, or 5, characterized in that: The station's hard rock structure is also provided with a platform slab (11). The platform slab (11) includes two mutually perpendicular parts. One part overlaps with the platform rock surface (13), and the top surface of this part is on the same plane as the platform rock surface (13). The other part is set perpendicularly to the track area rock surface (14) and supported on the rock surface. The space below the platform slab (11) forms a cable channel (12).

10. The complete hard rock stratum tunneling method subway station structure system as described in claim 2, 3, or 4, characterized in that: The hard rock structure of the station is either a complete rock surface or has bedrock fissures. When there are bedrock fissures, grouting is used to seal the fissures. An interface agent is applied to the connection surface between the hard rock structure and the reinforced concrete structure of the station.

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