Three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array wind sensor and real-time data quality control method

Abstract

Three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array wind sensor and real-time data quality control method, including three three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensors, Y-shaped support, data cable, collector, the array fixes and installs the sensor in Y-shaped support and is connected with the collector through the cable, the collector includes measurement circuit, monitoring circuit, processor, power supply circuit, power supply and RS232 interface, under the control of the collector acquisition software, the data acquisition of three three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensors is completed, and x axis, y axis, z axis wind speed is obtained. The related technical parameters of the wind direction and wind speed of the natural wind are obtained through real-time data quality control, the communication interface of the collector is configured with wired / wireless communication module, a reliable three-dimensional ultrasonic wind data monitoring network can be formed, and the needs of national defense, meteorology, hydrology, ecology, environmental protection and other industries can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-precision wind measurement, and in particular to a three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array anemometer and a real-time data quality control method. Background Technology

[0002] Ultrasonic wind measurement has become an important method for measuring the velocity of open-source gas flow fields. Ultrasonic anemometers can adapt to harsh natural environments and maintain high accuracy. They also have advantages such as a wide measurement range and are widely used in modern agriculture, industrial production, aerospace, military activities, and meteorological science. Accurately measuring wind direction and speed has a great impact on human production and life.

[0003] However, common ultrasonic anemometers use a single three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer to collect wind direction and speed data. To ensure the most reliable observational data possible, traditional meteorological data quality control methods are typically derived based on meteorological and climatological principles and the temporal and spatial relationships between meteorological data. These methods include checking for extreme values, time series, and spatial series. In other words, extreme value judgment, temporal consistency, spatial consistency, and internal consistency checks are necessary to ensure better comparability, representativeness, and accuracy of meteorological observation data. Currently, the main problems are as follows: First, using a single sensor means that if the sensor malfunctions, there will be missing data. Second, when the sensor ages and the wind direction and speed parameters it senses exceed tolerances, even if the data is within the extreme range, the above methods cannot correct this. This leads to out-of-tolerance data being used in meteorological, maritime, and other service fields. More seriously, this out-of-tolerance data may also be retained as historical data for a long time, severely impacting its application. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to overcome the problems encountered in the execution of existing engineering projects. The technical problem to be solved is to provide a three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array anemometer that can output reliable data and its real-time data quality control method.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] The present invention relates to a three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array anemometer, comprising three three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensors arranged in an isosceles triangle in the horizontal direction and a data acquisition device. The data acquisition device collects data from the three three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensors to obtain three basic data: Xi-axis wind speed Vxi, Yi-axis wind speed Vyi, and Zi-axis wind speed Vzi.

[0007] It also includes a measurement circuit, a monitoring circuit, a processor, a power supply circuit, and an RS232 interface; wherein, the three-dimensional ultrasonic wind speed and direction sensor is responsible for collecting wind speeds along the X, Y, and Z axes; the measurement circuit includes acquisition, pulse shaping, and signal conversion circuits; the processor includes an MCU control unit, a data memory, a program memory, a drive circuit, and a high-precision clock; the monitoring circuit is responsible for monitoring the internal circuit temperature, operating voltage, operating current, and device operating status of the measuring instrument; and the power supply circuit includes an isolation circuit and a voltage regulator circuit.

[0008] The measurement circuit includes a data acquisition circuit that collects raw wind speed and direction signals, a pulse shaping circuit that converts the wind speed signal into a pulse signal that the processing unit can count, and a signal conversion circuit that converts the function code signal. The processor handles data processing, device management, and coordinates the functions of each module.

[0009] The RS232 interface is a 3-wire RS232 serial data interface, which can be expanded to connect to other wired or wireless communication modules to complete data interaction.

[0010] This invention relates to a three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array anemometer. It uses three-dimensional ultrasonic wind speed and direction sensors to collect wind speed signals along the X, Y, and Z axes. A measurement circuit performs pulse shaping and signal conversion on the collected wind speed signals. A processor processes and stores the processed signals. A monitoring circuit monitors the internal states of the measuring instrument. An RS232 interface allows for data exchange with other communication modules. The output observation elements include ultrasonic wind speed in the X, Y, and Z directions. Data quality control involves checking the sampled values. This quality control includes checking the limits of the sampled values ​​and checking the rate of change of the sampled values. After quality control, the data collected by the acquisition unit is fused from the data of the three sensors, and the value of one sensor is selected as the output value.

[0011] This invention also provides a real-time data quality control method for a three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array anemometer. The method performs real-time data quality control on the data collected by the three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor, including the obtained Xi-axis wind speed Vxi, Yi-axis wind speed Vyi, and Zi-axis wind speed Vzi, to obtain relevant technical parameters of wind direction and speed in natural weather. The real-time data quality control method performs quality control on the sampled values ​​and uses a fusion calculation method to control the quality of the real-time data to obtain relevant technical parameters of wind direction and speed in natural weather. The data processing in this invention's real-time data quality control method for the three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array anemometer involves processing the collected signals into relevant meteorological data according to the requirements of the observation items and sampling methods (Table 1). The above data quality control steps include:

[0012] a) Perform quality control on the sampled values;

[0013] b) Select the transmission value after performing standard value fusion calculation on the quality-controlled data.

[0014] Preferably, the quality control of the sampled values ​​includes:

[0015] 1) Check the limit range of the sampled values. Check whether each sampled value is within its measurement range. If it exceeds the measurement range, mark it as "error".

[0016] 2) For the rate of change check of sampled values, the current sampled value is compared with the previous sampled value. If the difference between the two sampled values ​​is greater than a given limit, the current sampled value is marked as unreliable. However, it is still used to check the rate of change of sampled values.

[0017] Preferably, the method for processing the collected signals into meteorological data can include the following processing steps:

[0018] The calculation of instantaneous standard wind speed values ​​involves a multi-sensor standard controller fusing instantaneous wind direction and speed values ​​measured by three ultrasonic wind speed and direction sensors for the same second to determine the standard value of instantaneous wind direction and speed for that second. The steps are as follows:

[0019] The first step is to calculate the pairwise deviations.

[0020] The second step is to define the allowable range of pairwise deviations.

[0021] The results of the third step of the calculation

[0022] Step 4: Selecting the data source.

[0023] The present invention discloses a three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array anemometer and a real-time data quality control method. The method involves quality control of the sampled data using a three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array, followed by quality control of the sampled values ​​(mainly including limit range checks and rate of change checks), rounding the sampled values ​​to the nearest second; and then selecting a specific sensor as the output value based on the data fusion calculation from the three sensors. Compared with existing technologies, the present invention's three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array anemometer and real-time data quality control method have at least the following advantages:

[0024] This invention relates to a three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array anemometer and its real-time data quality control method. It utilizes three three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensors fixedly mounted on a Y-shaped bracket to form a three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array. The three sensors are connected to a data acquisition unit via data cables. Under the control of the acquisition software in the acquisition unit, data is acquired from the three sensors to obtain the Xi-axis wind speed Vxi, Yi-axis wind speed Vyi, and Zi-axis wind speed Vzi. Furthermore, through the real-time data quality control of this invention, relevant technical parameters of wind direction and speed in natural winds can be obtained. Utilizing the communication interface of the acquisition unit, wired / wireless communication modules can be configured to form a reliable three-dimensional ultrasonic wind data monitoring network to meet the needs of industries such as national defense, meteorology, hydrology, ecology, and environmental protection.

[0025] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, further illustrates the three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array anemometer and the real-time data quality control method of the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array anemometer of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of the three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array anemometer of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the three-dimensional ultrasonic wind data quality control method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural diagram of the three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array anemometer of the present invention. The three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array anemometer of the present invention includes three three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensors 1, 2, and 3, a Y-shaped bracket 4, a data acquisition unit 5, and a data cable 6. The three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array consists of three three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensors fixedly mounted on the three top ends of the Y-shaped bracket. The bracket arm is 1 meter long, and the included angle between the arms is 120°, so that the three ultrasonic wind sensors are arranged in an isosceles triangle in the horizontal direction.

[0030] See Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array anemometer of the present invention. In this three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array anemometer, three three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensors are connected to the data acquisition unit 5 via data cable 6.

[0031] in:

[0032] A three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer is used to collect wind speed along the X, Y, and Z axes.

[0033] The data acquisition unit consists of a measurement circuit, a monitoring circuit, a processor, a power supply circuit, a power supply, and an RS232 interface;

[0034] The measurement circuit includes modules such as a data acquisition circuit, a pulse shaping circuit, and a signal conversion circuit. The data acquisition circuit acquires the raw wind speed and direction signals; the pulse shaping circuit converts the wind speed signal into a pulse signal that the processing unit can count; and the signal conversion circuit converts the function code signal.

[0035] The processor, acting as a manager, includes an MCU control unit, a data memory, a program memory, a high-precision clock, and a drive circuit. It performs data processing, device management, and coordinates the related functions of each module.

[0036] The RS485 interface is a 3-wire RS232 serial data interface that can be expanded to connect to other wired or wireless communication modules to complete data interaction.

[0037] The monitoring circuit described above enables the monitoring of the internal circuit temperature, operating voltage, operating current, and operating status of the measuring instrument.

[0038] The power supply circuit mainly includes an isolation circuit and a voltage regulator circuit, which supply power to each unit of the measuring instrument.

[0039] The three-dimensional ultrasonic wind data quality control method of the present invention includes quality control checks on the measurement data, comprising:

[0040] a) Quality control is performed on the sampled values, and the quality control object is the sampled values ​​of meteorological elements;

[0041] b) Select the transmission value after performing standard value fusion calculation on the quality-controlled data.

[0042] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array anemometer of the present invention completes the data acquisition of three three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensors under the control of the data acquisition software, and obtains the Xi-axis wind speed Vxi, the Yi-axis wind speed Vyi, and the Zi-axis wind speed Vzi.

[0043] like Figure 3 The diagram shows a flowchart of the three-dimensional ultrasonic wind data quality control method of the present invention. The real-time data quality control method of the three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array anemometer of the present invention involves real-time quality control of three basic data points from three three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensors: Xi-axis wind speed Vxi, Yi-axis wind speed Vyi, and Zi-axis wind speed Vzi, where i = 1, 2, 3. These three basic data points are denoted as Vx1, Vy1, Vz1; Vx2, Vy2, Vz2; and Vx3, Vy3, Vz3.

[0044] In this specific embodiment, the data is collected by averaging the data over a predetermined time period. The data sampling method is shown in Table 1, which specifies the requirements for sampling frequency and calculated values. The three basic data points of the Xi-axis wind speed Vxi, Yi-axis wind speed Vyi, and Zi-axis wind speed Vzi from the three three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensors are all sampled according to the requirements in Table 1 in this specific embodiment.

[0045] Table 1 Sampling Method

[0046]

[0047] After obtaining the sampling data, the sampling data is subjected to quality control checks according to the three-dimensional ultrasonic wind data quality control method of the present invention, and is marked according to the quality control coding table shown in Table 2.

[0048] Table 2 Quality Control Coding Table

[0049]

[0050] The quality control check of the sampled data includes:

[0051] 1. Sample value quality control

[0052] a) Check the limits of the sampled values ​​to ensure each sampled value is within its measurement range. If a value exceeds the measurement range, mark it as "Error".

[0053] (b) For the rate of change check of sampled values, the current sampled value should be compared with the previous sampled value. If the difference between the two sampled values ​​is greater than a given limit, the current sampled value is marked as unreliable. However, it is still used for the rate of change check of sampled values.

[0054] The criteria for determining a valid sample value are shown in Table 3.

[0055] Table 3. Criteria for Judging Valid Sample Values

[0056] 1 wind speed -60m / s 60m / s 20m / s

[0057] 2. In the real-time data quality control method of the present invention, the method of processing the acquired signals into meteorological data may include the following processing methods:

[0058] (1) Data sampling

[0059] Complete data sampling according to the rules of the data sampling method in Table 1.

[0060] (2) Calculation using the wind speed standard value fusion calculation method:

[0061] The first step is to calculate the pairwise deviations.

[0062] The second step is to define the allowable range of pairwise deviations.

[0063] The results of the third step of the calculation

[0064] Step 4: Selecting the data source.

[0065] The method for calculating the standard wind speed value in this specific embodiment is as follows:

[0066] The multi-sensor standard controller for wind direction and speed fuses the instantaneous wind speed values ​​measured by three ultrasonic wind speed and direction sensors in the same second to determine the standard value of the instantaneous wind speed for that second.

[0067] If improvements are made to the standard value fusion calculation method in subsequent research or use, they can be achieved through online upgrades of the embedded software of the standard controller.

[0068] The instantaneous meteorological values ​​measured by the three ultrasonic anemometers were compared with each other, and the values ​​were determined based on the pairwise deviations. Within the range of 0–5 m / s, the pairwise error threshold was set to ±0.5 m / s; when the wind speed was >5 m / s, the pairwise error threshold was set to <10% of the maximum measured value.

[0069] Step 1: Calculate the pairwise deviations.

[0070] XD 12 =|XF1–XF2|:YD 12 =|YF1–YF2|:ZD 12 =|ZF1–ZF2|

[0071] XD 23 =|XF2–XF3|:YD 12 =|YF2–YF3|:ZD 12 =|ZF2–ZF3|

[0072] XD 31 =|XF3–XF1|:YD 31 =|YF3–YF1|:ZD 12 =|ZF3–ZF1|

[0073] Among them, XF1, XF2, XF 3， YF1, YF2, YF 3， ZF1, ZF2, and ZF3 represent the 1-second average wind speeds (i.e., instantaneous values) of three ultrasonic wind direction and speed sensors, respectively, for east-west, north-south, and up-down directions. 12 XD 23 XD 31 YD 12 YD 23 YD 31 ZD12 ZD 23 ZD 31 These are the differences (m / s) between each pair of values. If a certain instantaneous wind speed value is missing, the relevant deviation is treated as missing.

[0074] Step 2: Define the allowable range of pairwise deviations.

[0075] XTol(i,j) = 0.5 m / s, when 0 m / s ≤ XF i ≤5m / s, 0m / s≤XF j ≤5m / s;

[0076] XTol(i,j) = XF * 10% when |XF i |>5m / s or|XF j |>5m / s;XF=max(|XF i |,|XF j |);

[0077] YTol(i,j)=0.5m / s, when 0m / s≤YF i ≤5m / s, 0m / s≤YF j ≤5m / s;

[0078] YTol(i,j) = YF * 10% when |YF i |>5m / s or|YF j |>5m / s;YF=max(|YF i |,|YF j |);

[0079] ZTol(i,j)=0.5m / s, when 0m / s≤ZF i ≤5m / s, 0m / s≤ZF j ≤5m / s;

[0080] ZTol(i,j)=ZF*10% when|ZF i |>5m / s or|ZF j |>5m / s;ZF=max(|ZF i |,|ZF j |);

[0081] a) If XD ij If ≤XTol(i,j), then XD ij Within the permissible range; if XD ij >XTol(i,j), then XD ij Outside the permitted range; if XD ij If missing, press XD. ij Processing outside the permitted range.

[0082] b) If YD ij If ≤YTol(i,j), then YD ij Within the permissible range; if YD ij If YTol(i,j), then YD ij Outside the permitted range; if YD ij If missing, then use YD. ij Processing outside the permitted range.

[0083] c) If ZD ij If ≤ZTol(i,j), then ZD ij Within the permissible range; if ZD ij If ZTol(i,j) > ZTol(i,j), then ZD ij Outside the permitted range; if ZD ij If missing, use ZD. ij Processing outside the permitted range.

[0084] Step 3: Calculate the results.

[0085] a) The three sensors are numbered 1, 2, 3, XD respectively. ij YD ij ZD ij The wind speed difference between two sensors in the X, Y, and Z directions (first step) is called a sequence.

[0086] b) If the XD of the three sequences ij YD ij ZD ij All values ​​are within the allowable range, so XF1, YF1, and ZF1 are taken as the standard values.

[0087] c) If there are two sequences XD ij YD ij ZD ij All values ​​are within the allowable range, and the common sensor output value that forms the difference between the two sequences is taken as the standard value.

[0088] d) If there is only one sequence XD ij YD ij ZD ij All values ​​are within the allowable range. The sensor output value with the smaller sequence number in the sequence difference is taken as the standard value.

[0089] e) If XD of any sequence ij YD ij ZD ij If none of them are within the allowable range at the same time, the standard value result is marked as missing.

[0090] f) Based on the fusion process and results, the status of the standard value data is identified according to Table 1.

[0091] g) If the deviation between the observed value of a single sensor and the standard value exceeds the threshold, its status is marked as "too high" or "too low".

[0092] Step 4: Selecting the data source

[0093] The standard controller defaults to selecting the measurement results from sensor 1 as the primary data source, and the measurement results from sensors 2 and 3 as hot backup data sources. The measurement results from the three sensors are compared with standard values. If the values ​​exceed the thresholds (±0.5 m / s (0-5 m / s), ±10% (>5 m / s)), a corresponding status code is output. If the currently used sensor malfunctions, the standard controller can automatically switch to the next normal data source, switching in the order of sensor 1, 2, 3, 1.

[0094] If only two sensors are connected, the output data source is selected by switching between the observation data of the two connected sensors, and the switching order is 1, 2, 1 or 2, 3, 2 or 1, 3, 1.

[0095] If only one sensor is connected and the instantaneous value of that sensor passes quality control, the output data is the observation data of that sensor; if only one sensor is connected and the instantaneous value of that sensor does not pass quality control, the output data is the missing measurement.

[0096] A sequence of wind speed transmission values ​​is generated based on the data source. If the standard value is missing or all three sensors exceed the threshold, the transmission value is recorded as missing and the data source channel number is selected as 0.

[0097] 2. Output

[0098] Each set of output data is marked with a standard control code according to the standard control code table in Table 4. The standard control code is sent to the data acquisition unit via the CAN bus, and the name and code of the observed element are output, as shown in Table 5.

[0099] Complete real-time quality control of the collected data.

[0100] Table 4 Standard Control Code Table

[0101]

[0102] Table 5. Names and codes of observed elements

[0103]

[0104] The examples described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array anemometer, characterized in that, The system includes a three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array consisting of three three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensors and a data acquisition unit. The three ultrasonic wind sensors are arranged in an equilateral triangle in the horizontal direction. The data acquisition unit collects data from the three three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensors to obtain the wind speed Vxi (Xi-axis), Vyi (Y-axis), and Vzi (Zi-axis). The data acquisition unit performs quality control on the collected data. After quality control, the value of a certain sensor is selected as the output value based on the fusion calculation of the data from the three sensors. Quality control of the collected data includes: 1) Check the limit range of the sampled values. Check whether each sampled value is within its measurement range. If it exceeds the measurement range, mark it as "error". 2) For the rate of change check of sampled values, the current sampled value is compared with the previous sampled value. If the difference between the two sampled values ​​is greater than a given limit, the current sampled value is marked as unreliable. However, it is still used for the rate of change check of sampled values.

2. The three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array anemometer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensors are fixedly mounted on a Y-shaped bracket. The Y-shaped bracket has three support arms with an included angle of 120° between the arms. The three three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensors located at the top of the three support arms are connected to the data acquisition unit via data cables.

3. The three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array anemometer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The data acquisition unit includes a measurement circuit, a monitoring circuit, a processor, a power supply circuit, a power source, and an RS232 interface.

4. The three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array anemometer according to claim 3, characterized in that, The measurement circuit includes: an acquisition, pulse shaping, and signal conversion circuit module. The acquisition circuit of the measurement circuit completes the acquisition of the original wind speed and wind direction signals, the pulse shaping circuit converts the wind speed signal into a pulse signal that the processing unit can count, and the signal conversion circuit completes the conversion of the function code signal.

5. The three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array anemometer according to claim 4, characterized in that, The processor completes data processing and device management, and coordinates the relevant functions of each module. It processes the collected signals into relevant meteorological data through real-time data quality control according to the requirements of the observation items and sampling methods, and obtains relevant technical parameters of wind direction and wind speed. The processor includes an MCU control unit, a data memory, a program memory, a drive circuit, and a clock. It uses a three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor to collect wind speed signals along the X, Y, and Z axes. The collected wind speed signals are pulse shaped and converted by a measurement circuit. The processor processes the signals and stores the data.

6. A method for real-time data quality control of wind measurement using a three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array, characterized in that, This method involves quality control of the measurement data from the three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array anemometer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the quality control steps include: a) Quality control is performed on the sampled values, and the quality control object is the sampled values ​​of meteorological elements; b) Select the transmission value after performing standard value fusion calculation on the quality-controlled data.

7. The method for real-time data quality control of three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array wind measurement according to claim 6, characterized in that, The quality control of the sampled values ​​includes: 1) Check the limit range of the sampled values. Check whether each sampled value is within its measurement range. If it exceeds the measurement range, mark it as "error". 2) For the rate of change check of sampled values, the current sampled value is compared with the previous sampled value. If the difference between the two sampled values ​​is greater than a given limit, the current sampled value is marked as unreliable. However, it is still used for the rate of change check of sampled values.

8. The method for real-time data quality control of three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensor array wind measurement according to claim 6, characterized in that, The standard value fusion calculation of the data involves processing the collected signals into meteorological data. This is achieved by a multi-sensor standard controller for wind direction and speed fusing the instantaneous wind direction and speed values ​​measured by three three-dimensional ultrasonic wind sensors at the same second, determining the standard value for that instantaneous wind direction and speed. The steps are as follows: The first step is to calculate the pairwise deviations. The second step is to define the allowable range of pairwise deviations. The third step is to calculate the results. Step 4: Selecting the data source.

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