Multi-wavefield based portable surrounding rock physical property rapid detection device and method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of geological exploration, and discloses a portable surrounding rock physical property rapid detection device and method based on multi-wave field. The present application aims at solving the technical problem that the prior art test method is relatively complicated, needs complex observation system layout, consumes a large amount of manpower, has limitations in construction, and cannot meet the requirement of rapid detection of surrounding rock physical property in production. The present application comprises a rammer arranged at an excitation point, and a geophone capable of collecting seismic waves; a signal exciter capable of synchronously exciting and collecting time of seismic waves is arranged beside the rammer, and the power supply input end and the vibration signal output end of the geophone are both connected with a data collector; the signal output end of the data collector is connected with a terminal computer, and the signal input end of the terminal computer is also connected with the output end of the signal exciter; the terminal computer is internally provided with a memory and a data analysis processor, so as to realize automatic analysis of seismic data spectrum, automatic filtering, automatic picking of first arrival and dispersion curve, automatic calculation of wave velocity and layer thickness, and automatic analysis of rock physical property.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological exploration technology, and in particular to a portable device and method for rapid detection of surrounding rock properties based on multi-wave field. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's economy and technology, our infrastructure construction has begun to extend to the western mountainous areas. A series of underground projects, such as transportation tunnels, water diversion tunnels, and hydropower projects, have commenced construction. In engineering construction, the physical properties of geological strata are crucial. On the one hand, these properties help to understand the structure of the rock strata themselves; on the other hand, they also have a certain impact on engineering design, especially the selection of support parameters. Rock mass properties are important physical characteristics of rocks, characterizing the properties of rocks or rock masses to a certain extent, and reflecting the changes in physical properties caused by field variations in the rock mass or the differences in physical properties between rock masses.

[0003] In rock property testing, obtaining wave velocity in the laboratory is relatively simple, but it requires collecting a large number of rock samples in the field. Furthermore, the mechanical state of the rock samples obtained in the laboratory differs significantly from that in the field, and the results are only for reference. In-situ testing is cumbersome, requiring drilling and pressure treatment of the boreholes during the testing process. Geophysical methods can also be used to obtain surrounding rock velocities in the field, but traditional geophysical methods require complex observation systems, which have limitations in tunnel or underground engineering projects. Therefore, neither laboratory wave velocity testing can recreate the stress state of the rock in the field, nor in-situ testing requires a large amount of manpower. Existing rock property testing methods cannot meet the requirements for rapid testing of surrounding rock properties in production.

[0004] In summary, obtaining the physical properties of surrounding rock on-site is of great significance to engineering construction. However, existing testing methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and there is an urgent need for a new method or equipment to quickly solve the problem of physical property testing. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above technical problems, this disclosure provides a portable rapid detection device and method for surrounding rock properties based on multi-wave field, which solves the technical problems that the existing testing methods are relatively cumbersome, require complex observation system deployment, consume a lot of manpower, and have limitations in implementation, and cannot meet the requirements for rapid detection of surrounding rock properties in production.

[0006] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a portable rapid detection device for surrounding rock properties based on multi-wave field is provided, comprising:

[0007] A ramming hammer installed at the trigger point to generate seismic waves, and a geophone installed at the observation point at the trigger point to collect seismic waves;

[0008] A signal exciter is installed next to the ramming hammer to synchronize the timing of seismic wave excitation and acquisition.

[0009] The power input terminal and vibration signal output terminal of the detector are both connected to the data acquisition unit;

[0010] The signal output terminal of the data acquisition device is connected to the terminal computer, and the signal input terminal of the terminal computer is also connected to the output terminal of the signal exciter. The terminal computer has a built-in memory and a data analysis processor to realize automatic analysis of seismic data spectrum, automatic filtering, automatic picking of first arrival and dispersion curves, automatic calculation of wave velocity and layer thickness, and automatic analysis of rock properties.

[0011] The detector includes a wideband accelerometer with a frequency range of 0.5-3000Hz.

[0012] An auxiliary amplitude reduction mechanism is provided outside the hammer impact source of the excitation point. The auxiliary amplitude reduction mechanism includes an elastic pressure plate and a shell fitted outside the hammer impact source. The shell is provided with a spiral rail. A rotating ring is provided on the top surface of the shell in a rotating form. A locking buckle is provided on the rotating ring. A rigid pressure rod is installed through the rotating ring. A locking block is provided on the top of the rigid pressure rod. A return spring is installed on the locking block. One end of the return spring is on the rotating ring and the other end is under the locking block. A pressure roller is provided at the bottom of the rigid pressure rod.

[0013] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a portable rapid detection method for surrounding rock properties based on multi-wave field is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0014] (1) Deploy geophones: Determine the surrounding rock detection area and deploy geophones coupled to the surrounding rock detection area;

[0015] (2) Setting up excitation points: After the detectors are set up, multiple excitation points are set at intervals within the range where the detectors can receive signals;

[0016] (3) Excitation point: Excite any one or more excitation points, and the detector synchronously receives the seismic wave signal. According to the interchange principle, the collected single-channel seismic wave signals are arranged according to the offset distance; the receiving point and excitation point in each record are interchanged, and the seismic wave signal record of one receiver and multiple transmitters is converted into shot gather record.

[0017] (4) Spectrum analysis: Analyze the spectrum of the shot gathering record, and use short-time Fourier transform or wavelet transform to perform spectrum analysis on the shot gathering record, determine the main frequency range of the high frequency band and the low frequency band respectively, and perform filtering processing on it;

[0018] (5) Extraction of refracted waves and Rayleigh waves: Based on the range of different frequency bands, the wave field of the shot gather record is separated by bandpass filtering, and the refracted waves and Rayleigh waves are extracted respectively.

[0019] (6) Analyze and determine the transverse and longitudinal wave velocity model of the surrounding rock:

[0020] (6.1) Obtaining the P-wave velocity: Pick the first arrival within the refracted wave record and mark the corresponding offset distance during the refracted wave travel time to form a time-distance curve; use the refracted wave method layered medium model to solve the refracted wave time-distance curve to obtain the P-wave velocity V from the surface to the deep layer. p1 V p2 …V pn ...and the thickness h from the surface to the deepest layer p1 h p2 …h pn ...;

[0021] (6.2) Obtaining the shear wave velocity: Analyze the Rayleigh wave record and extract its dispersion curve; use the dispersion curve to invert the shear wave velocity and obtain the velocity V from the surface to the deep layer. s1 V s2 …V sn …and the thickness h from the surface to the deepest layer s1 h s2 …h sn ...;

[0022] (7) Analyze and determine the properties of the surrounding rock based on the known longitudinal wave velocity and transverse wave velocity.

[0023] The step (1) of deploying a detector with a strong magnetic surface coupled to the surrounding rock detection area includes the following steps: using resin coupling agent to bond the iron base of the detector to the surrounding rock, or driving the detector base with a thumbtack into the surrounding rock, and then attracting the strong magnetic surface of the detector to the iron base to couple the detector with the surrounding rock.

[0024] In step (2), the length of the arrangement of the excitation points is 3 times the diameter of the surrounding rock tunnel.

[0025] The number of excitation points in step (2) is 8-10.

[0026] The activation method of the activation point in step (2) is to use a 16-pound hammer.

[0027] The extraction of refracted waves in step (5) includes bandpass filtering the shot gather recording waveform to 260-600Hz and picking the first arrival of the refracted waves; the solution of the refracted wave time-distance curve using the layered medium model of the refracted wave method in step (6.1) includes the following steps:

[0028] According to Snell's Law:

[0029] b. Determine the refracted wave path OM′M″P″M′R

[0030] The equation for the travel time curve of a refracted wave is:

[0031]

[0032] In the formula: θ1 is the surface refraction angle;

[0033] Θ2 is the deep refraction angle;

[0034] V1 is the travel velocity of the surface refracted wave;

[0035] V2 is the travel velocity of deep refracted waves;

[0036] V3 is the translational velocity of the deep refracted wave;

[0037] OM′M″P″M′R represents the refracted wave path;

[0038] t is the travel time of the refracted wave;

[0039] h1 is the surface depth;

[0040] h2 represents the depth;

[0041] x represents the distance the refracted wave travels.

[0042] The step (5) to extract the refracted Rayleigh wave includes filtering the seismic wave shot gather record to 10-100Hz; the step (6.2) to extract the Rayleigh wave dispersion curve includes the following steps: calculating the dispersion energy using the FK or tilt stacking method, picking the maximum energy value to obtain the dispersion curve, and then randomly inverting the surface wave dispersion curve based on Bayesian theory.

[0043] Step (7) involves analyzing and determining the characteristics of the surrounding rock at different depths based on the known P-wave and S-wave velocities; this includes the following steps:

[0044] Calculate Poisson's ratio based on P-wave velocity and S-wave velocity:

[0045]

[0046] In the formula: σ is Poisson's ratio;

[0047] Vp is the longitudinal wave velocity;

[0048] Vs is the transverse wave velocity;

[0049] Calculate the relative integrity of the rock mass, which is the square of the ratio of the P-wave velocity of the shallow rock mass to that of the deep rock mass:

[0050]

[0051] In the formula:

[0052] K v It is the relative integrity index of the rock mass;

[0053] V pm The longitudinal wave velocity of the shallow rock mass;

[0054] V pr This represents the longitudinal wave velocity of deep rock masses.

[0055] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0056] 1. This system has a simple composition and is easy to operate. It can quickly obtain the longitudinal wave velocity of the surrounding rock surface and interior, has strong practicality, and has prospects for widespread application. It provides more comprehensive and accurate information for engineering design and construction, improves the safety and reliability of the project, and also contributes to technological progress and innovation in related fields.

[0057] 2. Improved detection efficiency: The multi-wave field detection method can simultaneously acquire the propagation characteristics of multiple wave fields, thereby obtaining more information on the surrounding rock properties in a single detection process, reducing detection time and workload, and improving detection efficiency.

[0058] 3. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the surrounding rock properties, the multi-wave field detection method can obtain the propagation characteristics of various wave fields, including transverse waves, longitudinal waves, and surface waves. This allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the physical properties of the surrounding rock, including parameters such as elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and density, providing a more comprehensive basis for subsequent engineering design and construction.

[0059] 4. Refined engineering design: By conducting multi-wave field testing on the surrounding rock, we can more accurately understand the internal structural characteristics and stress state of the surrounding rock, thereby enabling more refined engineering design, optimizing construction plans, and reducing engineering risks.

[0060] 5. Timely detection of safety hazards: By conducting multi-wave field detection on the surrounding rock, abnormal conditions and safety hazards inside the surrounding rock can be detected in a timely manner, providing a basis for taking timely countermeasures, thereby ensuring the safety and stability of the project;

[0061] 6. Promote the advancement of engineering technology. Multi-field detection methods require corresponding equipment and technical support. Through continuous research and improvement of detection technology, we can promote technological progress and innovation in related fields and drive the improvement of engineering technology level.

[0062] 7. An auxiliary amplitude reduction mechanism is set up to quickly reduce vibration and amplitude after data collection and dissipate energy. This facilitates supplementary testing and protects the newly formed tunnel structure, preventing damage from aftershocks. Attached Figure Description

[0063] Figure 1 The flowchart shows a portable rapid detection method for surrounding rock properties based on multi-wave field.

[0064] Figure 2A schematic diagram showing the location of the detectors;

[0065] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the location of the trigger points when the surrounding rock is unfolded into a planar state.

[0066] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a portable rapid detection device for surrounding rock properties based on multi-wave field.

[0067] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the gun collection record;

[0068] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a single-gun receiver recording.

[0069] Figure 7 A 3D diagram to aid in the reduction mechanism;

[0070] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Front view of the structure shown;

[0071] Figure 9 for Figure 7 Right view of the structure shown;

[0072] Figure 10 Record the initial arrival waveform of the refracted wave for the shot gather;

[0073] Figure 11 This is a waveform diagram of the time-distance curve of the refracted wave;

[0074] Figure 12 This is a reference diagram for calculating the time-distance curve of the refracted wave;

[0075] Figure 13 The waveform diagram is shown for the dispersion curve.

[0076] The components in the diagram are named as follows: 1. Data acquisition unit; 2. Terminal computer; 3. Equipment switch; 4. Detector connection hole; 5. Detector wiring harness; 6. Trigger wiring harness socket; 7. Detector; 8. Trigger wiring harness; 9. Hammer vibration source; 10. Excitation point; 11. Spiral rail; 12. Elastic pressure plate; 13. Rigid pressure rod; 14. Return spring; 15. Clip; 16. Pressure roller; 17. Locking block; 18. Rotating ring. Detailed Implementation

[0077] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0078] Example 1

[0079] This example discloses a portable rapid detection device for surrounding rock properties based on multi-wave field. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 1 to 13 ,

[0080] Includes a ramming hammer placed at the trigger point to generate seismic waves, and a geophone 7 placed at the observation point at the trigger point to collect seismic waves;

[0081] A signal exciter is installed next to the ramming hammer to synchronize the timing of seismic wave excitation and acquisition.

[0082] The power input terminal and vibration signal output terminal of the detector 7 are both connected to the data acquisition unit 1; the data acquisition unit 1 is equipped with a device switch 3, a detector connection hole 4, and a trigger harness socket 6. The detector connection hole 4 is connected to the detector 7 via the detector harness 5, and the trigger harness socket 6 is connected to the hammer vibration source 9 via the trigger harness 8.

[0083] The signal output terminal of the data acquisition unit 1 is connected to the terminal computer 2, and the signal input terminal of the terminal computer 2 is also connected to the output terminal of the signal exciter. The terminal computer 2 has a built-in memory and a data analysis processor to realize automatic analysis of seismic data spectrum, automatic filtering, automatic picking of first arrival and dispersion curves, automatic calculation of wave velocity and layer thickness, and automatic analysis of rock properties.

[0084] Detector 7 includes a wideband accelerometer with a frequency range of 0.5-3000Hz.

[0085] An auxiliary amplitude reduction mechanism is provided outside the hammer impact source of the excitation point. The auxiliary amplitude reduction mechanism includes an elastic pressure plate 12 and a shell fitted outside the hammer impact source. A spiral rail 11 is provided on the shell. A rotating ring 18 is provided on the top surface of the shell in a rotating form. A locking buckle 15 is provided on the rotating ring 18. A rigid pressure rod 13 is installed through the rotating ring 18. A locking block 17 is provided on the top of the rigid pressure rod 13. A return spring 14 is installed on the locking block 17. One end of the return spring 14 is on the rotating ring 18, and the other end is under the locking block 17. A pressure roller 16 is provided at the bottom of the rigid pressure rod 13.

[0086] Working principle: The working principle of the amplitude reduction mechanism is that after an experiment, by attaching the elastic material made of rubber to the vibration source, the aftershock energy is quickly absorbed, and the amplitude is further reduced. The amplitude reduction process is as follows: After the experiment ends and the data is collected, the elastic pressure plate 12 rotates and slides down along the spiral rail 11 until it is at the bottom of the impact source and adjacent to the contact surface. During the downward movement of the elastic pressure plate 12, the rigid pressure rod 13 also slides downward until the rotating buckle can be fastened on the buckle 15. After the buckle is fastened, a certain downward pressure is applied to the elastic pressure plate 12. Then, the rotating ring 18 is rotated, which drives the pressure roller 16 to roll along with it. During the rolling process, an unbalanced form of compression is formed between the pressure roller 16 and the elastic pressure plate 12, which rapidly changes the resonant frequency in a disordered manner.

[0087] This example discloses a portable rapid detection method for surrounding rock properties based on multi-wave field. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 1 to 12It includes the following steps:

[0088] (1) Detector Deployment: Determine the surrounding rock detection area and deploy detectors coupled to the area; use resin coupling agent to bond the detector base to the surrounding rock, or drive the detector base with thumbtacks into the surrounding rock, and magnetically attach the sensor to the base to couple the detector to the surrounding rock. The detectors are linearly arranged, with single-channel reception and multi-channel excitation, such as... Figure 2 To detect the physical properties of the surrounding rock, geophone 7 was placed with a minimum offset distance of 1.4 meters and a shot spacing of 1.4 meters.

[0089] (2) Setting up excitation points: After the detectors are set up, multiple excitation points are set up at intervals within the range where the detectors can receive signals; the length of the excitation points is 3 times the diameter of the surrounding rock tunnel; the number of excitation points is 8-10; the excitation method of the excitation points is to use a 16-pound hammer; the excitation points are hammered and the seismic data is recorded. If the excitation point is blocked or does not meet the excitation conditions, skip the point and excite the subsequent excitation points.

[0090] (3) Excitation point: Excite any one or more excitation points, and the detector synchronously receives the seismic wave signal. According to the interchange principle, the collected single-channel seismic wave signals are arranged according to the offset distance; the receiving point and excitation point in each record are interchanged, and the seismic wave signal record of one receiver and multiple transmitters is converted into shot gather record.

[0091] (4) Spectrum analysis: Analyze the spectrum of the shot gathering record, and use short-time Fourier transform or wavelet transform to perform spectrum analysis on the shot gathering record, determine the main frequency range of the high frequency band and the low frequency band respectively, and perform filtering processing on it;

[0092] (5) Extraction of refracted waves and Rayleigh waves: Based on the range of different frequency bands, the wave field of the shot gather record is separated by bandpass filtering, and the refracted waves and Rayleigh waves are extracted respectively.

[0093] Extracting refracted waves: Bandpass filter the shot gather recording waveform to 260-600Hz to pick up the first arrival of the refracted waves;

[0094] Extracting refracted Rayleigh waves: Filtering seismic wave shot gather records to 10-100Hz;

[0095] (6) Analyze and determine the transverse and longitudinal wave velocity model of the surrounding rock:

[0096] (6.1) Obtain the longitudinal wave velocity: Pick the first arrival in the refracted wave record and mark the corresponding offset distance during the travel of the refracted wave to form a time-distance curve;

[0097] The time-distance curve of the refracted wave is solved using the layered medium model of the refraction wave method, including the following steps:

[0098] According to Snell's Law:

[0099] b. Determine the refracted wave path OM′M″P″M′R

[0100] The equation for the travel time curve of a refracted wave is:

[0101]

[0102] In the formula: θ1 is the surface refraction angle;

[0103] Θ2 is the deep refraction angle;

[0104] V1 is the travel velocity of the surface refracted wave;

[0105] V2 is the travel velocity of deep refracted waves;

[0106] V3 is the translational velocity of the deep refracted wave;

[0107] OM′M″P″M′R represents the refracted wave path;

[0108] t is the travel time of the refracted wave;

[0109] h1 is the surface depth;

[0110] h2 represents the depth;

[0111] x represents the distance the refracted wave travels.

[0112] Obtain the longitudinal wave velocity V from the surface to the deep layer p1 V p2 …V pn ...and the thickness h from the surface to the deepest layer p1 h p2 …h pn ...; The transverse wave velocities obtained from the surface to the deep layers were 1130 m / s and 2400 m / s, respectively, with a first-layer thickness of 1.65 m;

[0113] (6.2) Obtaining Shear Wave Velocity: Analyze Rayleigh wave records and extract their dispersion curves; this includes the following steps: calculate the dispersion energy using the FK or tilt stacking method, and obtain the dispersion curve by picking the maximum energy value. Then, based on the Bayesian theory, randomly invert the surface wave dispersion curve results. Use the dispersion curve to invert the shear wave velocity, obtaining the velocity V from the surface to the deep layer. s1 V s2 …V sn ...and the thickness h from the surface to the deepest layer s1 h s2 …h sn ...; the transverse wave velocities were obtained as 615 m / s and 1400 m / s, and the thickness of the first layer was 1.5 m;

[0114] Determine the properties of the surrounding rock based on the known longitudinal wave velocity and transverse wave velocity;

[0115] Poisson's ratio: The ratio of the absolute values ​​of the transverse normal strain to the axial normal strain when a material is under uniaxial tension or compression (the ratio of transverse strain to longitudinal strain), also called the transverse deformation coefficient, is an elastic constant reflecting the transverse deformation of the material. The relationship between Poisson's ratio and the ratio of longitudinal to transverse wave velocities can be expressed as:

[0116]

[0117]

[0118] The rock mass integrity factor, also known as the fracture factor, is the square of the ratio of the longitudinal wave velocity of the rock mass to that of the rock itself.

[0119]

[0120] In the formula:

[0121] K v It is the relative integrity index of the rock mass;

[0122] V pm The longitudinal wave velocity of the shallow rock mass;

[0123] V pr This represents the longitudinal wave velocity of deep rock masses.

[0124] Tunnel excavation causes disturbance to the surrounding rock, with a range of approximately 2 to 3 times the tunnel diameter. For deeply buried tunnels, the wave velocity in the uniform half-space (the deepest layer) represents the intact surrounding rock velocity, while the surface wave velocity represents the disturbed surrounding rock velocity. This allows for the evaluation of the surface surrounding rock integrity.

[0125] Although some preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0126] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A portable rapid detection method for surrounding rock properties based on multi-wave field, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Deploy geophones: Determine the surrounding rock detection area and deploy geophones coupled to the surrounding rock detection area; The detectors are arranged linearly, with single-channel reception and multi-channel excitation. (2) Setting up excitation points: After the detector is set up, multiple excitation points are set at intervals within the range where the detector can receive signals; (3) Excitation point: Excite any one or more excitation points, and the detector synchronously receives the seismic wave signal. According to the interchange principle, the collected single-channel seismic wave signals are arranged according to the offset distance; the receiving point and excitation point in each record are interchanged, and the seismic wave signal record of one receiver and multiple transmitters is converted into shot gather record. (4) Spectrum analysis: Analyze the spectrum of the shot gathering record, and use short-time Fourier transform or wavelet transform to perform spectrum analysis on the shot gathering record, determine the main frequency range of the high frequency band and the low frequency band respectively, and perform filtering processing on it; (5) Extraction of refracted waves and Rayleigh waves: Based on the range of different frequency bands, the wave field of the shot gather record is separated by bandpass filtering, and the refracted waves and Rayleigh waves are extracted respectively; (6) Analyze and determine the transverse and longitudinal wave velocity model of the surrounding rock: (6.1) Obtain the longitudinal wave velocity: Pick the first arrival in the refracted wave record and mark the corresponding offset distance during the travel of the refracted wave to form a time-distance curve; use the refracted wave method layered medium model to solve the refracted wave time-distance curve to obtain the longitudinal wave velocity from the surface to the deep layer and the thickness from the surface to the deep layer. (6.2) Obtaining shear wave velocity: Analyze Rayleigh wave records and extract their dispersion curves; use the dispersion curves to invert the shear wave velocity and obtain the velocity and thickness from the surface to the deep layer; (7) Analyze and determine the characteristics of the surrounding rock based on the known longitudinal wave velocity and transverse wave velocity; The above method uses portable rapid detection equipment for surrounding rock properties, including a ramming hammer placed at the trigger point to trigger seismic waves, and a geophone placed at the observation point of the trigger point to collect seismic waves; A signal exciter is installed next to the ramming hammer to synchronize the timing of seismic wave excitation and acquisition. The power input terminal and vibration signal output terminal of the detector are both connected to the data acquisition unit; The signal output terminal of the data acquisition device is connected to the terminal computer, and the signal input terminal of the terminal computer is also connected to the output terminal of the signal exciter. The terminal computer has a built-in memory and a data analysis processor to realize automatic analysis of seismic data spectrum, automatic filtering, automatic acquisition of first arrival and dispersion curves, automatic calculation of wave velocity and layer thickness, and automatic analysis of rock properties. The portable rapid testing device for surrounding rock properties also includes an auxiliary amplitude reduction mechanism located outside the hammer impact source at the excitation point. The auxiliary amplitude reduction mechanism includes an elastic pressure plate and a shell fitted outside the hammer impact source. The shell is provided with a spiral rail, and a rotating ring is provided on the top surface of the shell in a rotatable manner. The rotating ring is provided with a locking buckle, and a rigid pressure rod is installed through the rotating ring. The top of the rigid pressure rod is provided with a locking block, and a return spring is installed on the locking block. One end of the return spring is on the rotating ring, and the other end is under the locking block. A pressure roller is provided at the bottom of the rigid pressure rod.

2. The portable rapid detection method for surrounding rock properties based on multi-wave field as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The detector includes a wideband accelerometer with a frequency range of 0.5-3000Hz.

3. The portable rapid detection method for surrounding rock properties based on multi-wave field as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The step (1) of deploying a detector with a strong magnetic surface coupled to the surrounding rock detection area includes the following steps: using resin coupling agent to bond the iron base of the detector to the surrounding rock, or driving the detector base with a thumbtack into the surrounding rock, and then attracting the strong magnetic surface of the detector to the iron base to couple the detector with the surrounding rock.

4. The portable rapid detection method for surrounding rock properties based on multi-wave field as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the length of the arrangement of the excitation points is 3 times the diameter of the surrounding rock tunnel.

5. The portable rapid detection method for surrounding rock properties based on multi-wave field as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The number of excitation points in step (2) is 8-10.

6. The portable rapid detection method for surrounding rock properties based on multi-wave field as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The extraction of refracted waves in step (5) includes bandpass filtering the shot gather recording waveform to 260-600Hz and picking the first arrival of the refracted waves; the solution of the refracted wave time-distance curve using the layered medium model of the refracted wave method in step (6.1) includes the following steps: According to Snell's Law: ; b. Determine the refracted wave path OM'M''P''P'R'; c. The equation of the travel time curve of the refracted wave is ; ； In the formula: The surface refraction angle; For deep refraction angle; The travel speed of the surface refracted wave; The travel speed of deep refracted waves; This represents the translational velocity of the deep-layer refracted wave. OM'M''P''P'R' represents the refracted wave path; For the travel time of the refracted wave; Surface depth; For deep depth; This represents the distance the refracted wave travels.

7. The portable rapid detection method for surrounding rock properties based on multi-wave field as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The step (5) to extract the refracted Rayleigh wave includes filtering the seismic wave shot gather record to 10-100Hz; the step (6.2) to extract the Rayleigh wave dispersion curve includes the following steps: calculating the dispersion energy using the FK or tilt stacking method, picking the maximum energy value to obtain the dispersion curve, and then randomly inverting the surface wave dispersion curve based on Bayesian theory.

8. The portable rapid detection method for surrounding rock properties based on multi-wave field as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Step (7) involves analyzing and determining the characteristics of the surrounding rock at different depths based on the known P-wave and S-wave velocities; this includes the following steps: Calculate Poisson's ratio based on P-wave velocity and S-wave velocity: ； In the formula: Poisson's ratio; For longitudinal wave velocity; The transverse wave velocity; Calculate the relative integrity of the rock mass, which is the square of the ratio of the P-wave velocity of the shallow rock mass to that of the deep rock mass: ； In the formula: It is the index of relative integrity of the rock mass; The longitudinal wave velocity of the shallow rock mass; This represents the longitudinal wave velocity in the deep surrounding rock.

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