Planetary mill

Abstract

The invention relates to a planetary grinding machine (10) for comminuting grinding stock, having a sun axis (S) and a carrier device (22) which is supported in a manner rotatable about the sun axis (S) and a drive for driving the carrier device in rotation about the sun axis (S) at a sun rotational speed (US); a first planetary rotational axis (P1) and a first planetary grinding station (24) with a first grinding container receptacle (26) for at least one grinding container (90) which can be filled with grinding stock and grinding bodies, wherein the first grinding container receptacle with the grinding container is supported on the carrier device in a manner rotatable about the first planetary rotational axis eccentrically with respect to the sun axis and is driven by the carrier device in a planetary orbiting movement about the sun axis when the carrier device is rotated about the sun axis; a drive for driving the first grinding container receptacle with the grinding container in rotation about the first planetary rotational axis at a first planetary rotational speed (UP1), wherein in operation the first planetary grinding station with the first grinding container receptacle and the grinding container orbits about the sun axis on the planetary orbiting path and simultaneously the first grinding container receptacle with the grinding container rotates about the first planetary rotational axis, wherein the first planetary rotational axis (P1) at least temporarily extends out of the plane with respect to the sun axis (S).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a planetary grinder, particularly on a laboratory scale, for grinding materials, wherein the grinding container orbits the sun axis in a planetary orbit and simultaneously rotates about at least one or more planetary rotation axes, so as to finely grind the materials inside the grinding container, particularly with the aid of grinding media, such as grinding balls. Background Technology

[0002] Laboratory-scale planetary grinders are used, for example, in process analysis to grind samples. Planetary grinders, sometimes also referred to as ball mills or planetary ball mills, are described, for example, in patent applications DE 197 12 905 A1, DE 10 2006 006529 A1, DE 10 2006 018 325 A1, DE 10 2006 047 481 A1, DE 10 2006 047 480 A1, DE 10 2006 047 479 A1, and DE 10 2006 047 498 A1. For example, the new planetary grinders are described in DE 102010 044 254 A1, DE 10 2012 009 983 A1, DE 10 2012 009 985 A1, DE 10 2012 009982 A1, DE 10 2012 009 984 A1, and DE 10 2012 009 987 A1. Furthermore, an overview of currently popular laboratory-scale planetary grinders is available on the applicant's website, www.fritsch.de.

[0003] In a planetary (ball) mill, the grinding cups, acting as planets, are arranged eccentrically relative to the sun axis (sometimes also called the central axis), orbiting the sun axis on one hand and rotating on their own axis, the eccentric planetary rotation axis, on the other. Typically, in a planetary mill, the sun axis and the planetary rotation axis extend parallel to each other. The orbiting and rotation of the grinding cups applies a varying radially outward centrifugal force to the abrasive material filled within them. Typically, grinding media, such as grinding balls, are also added to the abrasive material, which pulverizes it with high efficiency through impact and friction.

[0004] With specific dimensions and rotational speeds of the surrounding components, a flight path for the grinding material and grinding media can be generated in a planetary ball mill. The grinding material and grinding media then move laterally through the grinding cup until they hit the inner wall of the cup. Thereafter, the grinding material and grinding media can be carried a distance along the inner circumference of the grinding cup until the generated force is reused for the aforementioned lateral acceleration, and the grinding material and grinding media perform a flight motion through the grinding cup. This is also known as a "projectile mechanism." If the ball mill operates with a projectile mechanism, particularly high grinding efficiency can be achieved at high rotational speeds if necessary.

[0005] Planetary ball mills are characterized, at least by their rapid and efficient grinding. They can be widely used and are ideal for non-destructive fine grinding down to the nanometer scale. Grinding can be carried out dry, in suspension, or under a protective gas atmosphere, depending on the needs of the task. They are also well-suited for homogenizing emulsions and pastes or for mechanical alloying in materials research. This nano-grinding requires relatively high energy input.

[0006] A planetary ball mill is disclosed in US 7,744,027 B2, in which a cup is surrounded at its upper end in a ring made of an elastic material and is frictionally locked in rotation by friction between the cup and the surrounding elastic ring. Here, the cup is tilted toward the central axis of rotation, and the planetary ball mill may have an oscillating mechanism so that the oscillating motion of the cup is generated due to the change in the tilt angle during rotation. An elliptical ring is used for this purpose, and the suspension device has hinges. In any case, the axes of rotation intersect and are always coplanar in a common plane, so that the dynamic forces acting on the contents of the cup during planetary motion are not fundamentally different from those of the planetary ball mill described at the beginning. Furthermore, this drive appears to require improvement in reliability and allows for slippage and high wear. Synchronization is considered nonexistent, and in practice, the speed and power are strictly limited. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a novel planetary grinding machine, which has particularly new structural and dynamic parameters.

[0008] Another objective is to provide a planetary grinder that has high grinding power and / or can achieve rapid grinding results.

[0009] Another objective is to provide a planetary grinding mill in which high friction and, if necessary, impact can be achieved during operation between grinding material particles and / or between the grinding material and grinding media, such as grinding balls.

[0010] Another objective is to provide a planetary grinder that offers a variety of options and adjustments in its structural and dynamic parameters and can be flexibly adapted to different grinding tasks.

[0011] Another objective is to provide a planetary grinder that operates quietly, with low wear, is durable, and is inexpensive.

[0012] The object of this invention is achieved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous improvements of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.

[0013] Planetary mills for grinding materials have a carrier assembly that is rotatably supported about a sun axis (sometimes also referred to as a central axis), and its rotation about the sun axis is driven by a drive at a sun rotation speed US. For example, the drive of the carrier assembly, or the sun drive, can be a belt drive driven by an electric motor. An exemplary maximum rotational speed of the carrier assembly can, without loss of generality, be, for example, 200 min. -1 Or 400min -1 Up to 1100min -1 Or larger, for example, 1500 min -1 Or 1800min -1 Between. The carrier device, for example, can have a circular solar disk.

[0014] Especially in laboratory planetary grinders, which are designed in terms of size and weight to allow for placement on a stand, table, cabinet, or similar object in a laboratory setting, a housing is preferred, housing the rotating parts, electronics, and / or drive motor of the planetary grinder. This housing preferably has a closure that, when open, allows access to the planetary grinding stations, particularly one or more grinding containers, and, during operation, i.e., when the carrier assembly and / or other components rotate within the housing, the closure, in accordance with safety regulations, closes the housing.

[0015] Additionally, it may include a base plate, such as a base plate serving as the housing of the device, on which the solar short axis is fixed, and on which the carrier device is rotatably supported and thus defines the solar axis.

[0016] The planetary grinder also includes a first planetary rotation axis and a first planetary grinding station. The first planetary grinding station has a first grinding container housing for at least one grinding container capable of being filled with abrasive material and grinding media, such as grinding balls. Therefore, the first grinding container housing is rotatably supported on a carrier device eccentrically relative to the sun axis, i.e., radially outwardly offset, about the first planetary rotation axis. Thus, when the carrier device rotates about the sun axis, the first grinding container housing and the grinding container are simultaneously driven by the carrier device in a planetary orbit around the sun axis and simultaneously rotated about the eccentric planetary rotation axis. Therefore, the first grinding container housing (which may also be referred to accordingly as a planetary grinding container housing) and the (planetary) grinding container together perform a combined orbital motion and rotation about their own axis, resulting in unique dynamic conditions for the abrasive material and possible grinding media within the grinding container.

[0017] Preferably, the grinding container includes a grinding cup and a removable grinding cup lid, which can be closed by the user for the grinding process, or opened before and after the grinding process, to fill with grinding material and possible grinding media, and to remove finely ground grinding material after the grinding process. The grinding container of such a laboratory grinder can have an internal volume (size), for example, in the range of 10 ml to 1000 ml, preferably in the range of 50 ml to 500 ml.

[0018] A planetary grinder has a first planetary grinding station, that is, at least one planetary grinding station, but it may also have multiple similar planetary grinding stations, such as two (dual grinders), three (triple grinders), four (quadruple grinders) or more similar planetary grinding stations, as shown by way of example.

[0019] The planetary grinder also includes a planetary drive for rotating a first grinding container housing with a grinding container around a first planetary axis of rotation at a first planetary speed (UP1). The planetary drive can be a synchronous drive, for example, a toothed belt drive, driven by the rotation of the carrier assembly. However, other drive forms are also possible, preferably other synchronous drives. Through the combined solar and planetary rotation of the carrier assembly, the first planetary grinding station with the first grinding container housing and the grinding container thus orbits the sun axis at a solar speed US in a planetary orbit during operation, while simultaneously the first grinding container housing with the grinding container rotates around the first planetary axis of rotation at a planetary speed UP.

[0020] According to one aspect of the invention, the axis of rotation of the first planet extends skewed relative to the solar axis, at least temporarily, during rotation. By a general definition, two axes or lines that neither intersect nor are parallel to each other in three-dimensional space extend skewed relative to each other. Therefore, the rotation vectors of the solar rotation and the planetary rotation about the axis of rotation of the first planet are not in the same plane.

[0021] In other words, the first planet's axis of rotation does not extend parallel to the solar axis, at least temporarily, and is not permanently in the same plane as the solar axis. During rotation, at least for most of the time, and if necessary, permanently, the first planet's axis of rotation does not intersect with and extends parallel to the solar axis.

[0022] In other words, the first planet's rotation axis P1 intersects the solar axis S only temporarily at certain points in time, and otherwise extends outward relative to the solar axis S.

[0023] For example, the axis of rotation of the first planet can extend parallel to the plane of rotation of the carrier device.

[0024] Therefore, highly complex dynamic movements of the grinding container can be generated.

[0025] Therefore, another dynamic directional component can be added in three-dimensional space to the rapidly changing force vector, which acts on the abrasive material and possible grinding media during the complex combination of the grinding container's orbital motion and planetary rotation, and thus causes abrasion of the abrasive material by means of friction and / or impact relative to the grinding container wall. In particular, additional dynamic force components along the normal direction (Z direction) perpendicular to the two-dimensional plane of rotation (XY plane) of the carrier device can be added to the otherwise dominant forces. While a force component along the Z direction may also be generated in an inwardly tilted cup if necessary, these force components are not comparable to the planetary rotation around a planetary rotation axis that is skewed relative to the solar axis; that is, the rotation vectors of the solar rotation and the planetary rotation do not lie in the same plane.

[0026] This could mean unexpected possibilities for the dynamics within the grinding chamber of a planetary grinder.

[0027] In this regard, a toothed belt drive for driving the planet to rotate about the axis of rotation of the first planet is preferred. The toothed belt drive operates without slippage on the one hand and has a certain degree of flexibility on the other, which can be particularly advantageous in terms of the forces that arise in this particular dynamic.

[0028] Preferably, the dimensions of the grinding container and the eccentric positioning of the first planetary grinding station relative to the sun axis—that is, the radial offset of the first planetary grinding station relative to the sun axis—are chosen such that the sun axis does not intersect the interior of the grinding container or only intersects in the peripheral edge region. This can advantageously relate to the dynamics or forces of the grinding material and, if necessary, the grinding body, and thus to the grinding action.

[0029] Rotation of the carrier device about the sun axis can be achieved, for example, by means of a sun belt drive driven by a drive motor, such as a commercially available electric motor. For example, the carrier device includes a sun disk, which may include belt grooves for engaging the belt. The sun belt drive can even be designed as a simple V-belt drive, since synchronization is not critical at this location. However, toothed belt drives or other forms of transmission should not be excluded.

[0030] At least two embodiments are now possible, particularly the first embodiment, in which the planetary component or the grinding container housing with the grinding vessel rotates only about one planetary rotation axis, in addition to its orbital motion about the sun axis, said planetary rotation axis extending outward relative to the sun axis. And particularly the second embodiment, in which the planetary component or the grinding container housing with the grinding vessel rotates about at least two different planetary rotation axes, in addition to its orbital motion about the sun axis, said at least one of these planetary rotation axes extending outward relative to the sun axis. In the first embodiment, therefore only one planetary rotation axis rotates to a certain extent such that it is outward relative to the sun axis, and in the second embodiment, at least one additional planetary rotation about at least one other planetary rotation axis is added, wherein at least one of the planetary rotation axes is outward relative to the sun axis and / or preferably not parallel to the other planetary rotation axis. Furthermore, it should not be excluded that additional planetary rotations be provided about other planetary rotation axes, such as a third and / or fourth and / or other planetary rotation axes.

[0031] In the first embodiment, during operation, the first grinding container housing, together with the grinding container, rotates only around a single planetary rotation axis, namely the first planetary rotation axis, in addition to orbiting the sun axis in a planetary orbit. Here, the first planetary rotation axis extends in a constant eccentric plane relative to the sun axis, so that the first planetary rotation axis does not intersect the sun axis at any point during rotation.

[0032] Preferably, the first planetary rotation axis extends parallel to the rotation plane of the carrier device, which can be relatively easily achieved in terms of the planetary drive structure.

[0033] More preferably, the first planet's rotation axis is particularly transverse to or perpendicular to the radius r of the planet's orbit around the solar axis. P (Solar radius for short). In other words, the first planet's rotation axis preferably extends tangentially to the planet's orbit, which is also relatively easy to achieve structurally in terms of planetary drives.

[0034] Preferably, the planetary rotation of the first grinding container housing is driven synchronously with the rotation of the carrier device. Therefore, a first planetary synchronous drive exists between the carrier device and the first planetary grinding station, wherein the first planetary synchronous drive drives the rotation of the grinding container housing about a first planetary rotation axis in a manner synchronized with the rotation of the carrier device. Preferably, the first planetary synchronous drive includes a first planetary toothed belt drive to drive the rotation of the grinding container housing about the first planetary rotation axis. Therefore, a fixed and reproducible speed ratio can be advantageously pre-set in the structure.

[0035] Preferably, the first planetary toothed belt drive includes a drive toothed pulley and an output toothed pulley. The drive toothed pulley is specifically fixedly connected to a fixed solar minor axis, wherein, as the carrier device rotates, the output toothed pulley is driven by the carrier device about the solar axis in the planetary orbit and thus driven to rotate by the first planetary toothed belt drive. This driving method is also advantageous in terms of the elasticity and durability of the planetary drive.

[0036] Preferably, the relative rotational speed ratio between the first grinding container housing and the rotation of the grinding container about the first planetary rotation axis P1 and the rotation of the carrier device about the sun axis S is between 10:1 and 0.5:1, and preferably between 5:1 and 1:1. Within this range, adjustments to a projectile mechanism are particularly expected despite unusual dynamic conditions.

[0037] According to the second embodiment, a first planetary grinding station with a first grinding container housing and a grinding container is supported on a carrier device in a manner that is eccentrically, i.e. radially outwardly, relative to the solar axis, so that it can rotate about another second planetary axis in addition to the first planetary axis of rotation.

[0038] Therefore, it preferably includes a second planetary actuator for rotating the first planetary grinding station, which includes a first grinding container housing and a grinding container, around the second planetary rotation axis at a second planetary rotation speed UP2. Thus, during operation of the planetary grinder, the first planetary grinding station, including the first grinding container housing and the grinding container, orbits the sun axis in a planetary orbit, and simultaneously, the first grinding container housing rotates together with the grinding container around the first planetary rotation axis and simultaneously around the second planetary rotation axis. This type of triple rotation—i.e., solar rotation and planetary rotation around at least two different or linearly independent planetary rotation axes—can also be referred to as 3-D planetary rotation. Therefore, this planetary grinder is also referred to herein as a 3-D planetary grinder.

[0039] It can be expected that this will generate a particular dynamic in the force acting on the grinding material and, if necessary, on the grinding media. The expected movement of the grinding material and, if necessary, the grinding media relative to the walls of the grinding container within the internal space of the grinding container can even be considered as chaotic movement.

[0040] Specifically, the first and second planetary rotation axes are not parallel to each other. Therefore, the orientation of the first planetary rotation axis changes relative to the solar axis and / or relative to the laboratory system or equipment housing during rotation about the second planetary rotation axis.

[0041] For example, the rotation axes of the first and second planets extend perpendicularly to each other.

[0042] In an arrangement that can be relatively simple to implement structurally, the first planet's rotation axis extends persistently parallel to the plane of rotation of the carrier device (the solar plane), and / or the second planet's rotation axis is persistently offset parallel to the solar axis. In other words, the second planet's rotation axis is perpendicular to the carrier device, and / or the first planet's rotation axis is horizontal, i.e., parallel to the solar plane.

[0043] Preferably, the first and second planetary rotation axes intersect at a point off-center relative to the solar axis within the first planetary grinding station, particularly within the grinding container, i.e., radially off-center relative to the solar axis. Here, the intersection of the first and second planetary rotation axes thus defines the center of the planetary component, around which the grinding container housing rotates about the center of the planetary component about two different planetary rotation axes. Preferably, the intersection point is located at a predefined height h above the carrier device or solar disk, preferably a few centimeters to tens of centimeters.

[0044] The first grinding container housing is preferably omnidirectionally suspended on the carrier device or in the first planetary grinding station, so as to enable simultaneous rotation about the first and second planetary rotation axes, i.e., about the two planetary rotation axes. Here, the two omnidirectional rotations can be driven at the same or different speeds.

[0045] In other words, the first grinding container housing is universally supported on the carrier device or in the first planetary grinding station in a manner that allows it to rotate about the first and second planetary rotation axes, wherein the universal support portion of the first grinding container housing, which is a planetary component, is arranged eccentrically relative to the sun axis. In addition to the orbital motion of the first planetary grinding station or planetary component about the planet's orbit, the first grinding container housing with the grinding container is driven to rotate about the first planetary rotation axis at a first planetary rotation speed UP1 and simultaneously about the second planetary rotation axis at a second planetary rotation speed UP2.

[0046] According to one embodiment, the first planetary grinding station may have holding devices preferably on both sides, the holding devices having first rotary bearings preferably on both sides for the grinding container housing, wherein the first rotary bearings preferably on both sides define a first planetary rotation axis. More preferably, the first planetary grinding station may include a second planetary shaft, which may be fixedly connected to the planetary grinding station, for example, on its underside. Further preferably, the carrier device may have a second rotary bearing in the region of the first planetary grinding station, which defines a second rotation axis, such that the first planetary grinding station is rotatably supported in the carrier device by means of the second planetary shaft in a manner concentric with the second planetary rotation axis, wherein rotation about the second planetary shaft thus defines the second planetary rotation axis. Therefore, the grinding container housing is eccentrically and omnidirectionally supported on the carrier device relative to the sun axis and can be rotatably driven about the first and second planetary rotation axes during operation.

[0047] Preferably, the rotation of a planet around one, or more preferably two, planetary rotation axes P1 and P2 is synchronized with the rotation of the sun. For this purpose, the planetary grinder preferably includes a first and / or a second planetary synchronous drive, wherein the first planetary synchronous drive drives the rotation of the grinding container housing around the first planetary rotation axis in a manner synchronized with the rotation of the carrier device, and / or the second planetary synchronous drive drives the rotation of the grinding container housing around the second planetary rotation axis in a manner synchronized with the rotation of the carrier device. Therefore, a first and / or second planetary toothed belt drive for driving the rotation of the grinding container housing around the first or second planetary rotation axis is preferred.

[0048] Therefore, according to one embodiment, the first planetary synchronous drive is designed as a first planetary toothed belt drive and includes a drive toothed belt pulley and an output toothed belt pulley. The drive toothed belt pulley is preferably fixedly connected to the carrier device in the region of the rotating first planetary grinding station, for example, coaxial with a second planetary shaft, which may be configured, for example, as a shaft protrusion supported (by rolling bearings) in the carrier device on the underside of the planetary grinding station. Thus, when the first planetary grinding station rotates, the first planetary (toothed belt) drive drives the grinding container housing, together with the grinding container, to rotate about the first planetary rotation axis.

[0049] More preferably, the second planetary synchronous drive is therefore designed as a second planetary toothed belt drive and includes a drive toothed belt pulley and an output toothed belt pulley, wherein the drive toothed belt pulley can be fixedly connected to a fixed solar minor axis. The output toothed belt pulley is preferably fixed to the first planetary grinding station and is driven by the carrier device in the planetary orbit around the solar axis when the carrier device rotates, and thus the rotation of the first planetary grinding station around the rotation axis of the second planet is driven by the second planetary toothed belt drive.

[0050] The driver for rotating the first grinding container housing with a grinding container at a first planetary rotational speed UP1 about a first planetary rotational axis P1 can therefore be configured as a first toothed belt driver, and / or the driver for rotating the first grinding container housing with a grinding container at a second planetary rotational speed UP2 about a second planetary rotational axis P2 can be configured as a second toothed belt driver. Thus, synchronization can be achieved on the one hand, and flexibility relative to dynamic forces can be achieved on the other.

[0051] Preferably, the 3-D planetary grinder therefore includes two toothed belt drives for two rotational movements of the grinding container housing with the grinding container about two planetary rotation axes P1 and P2. The second toothed belt drive is driven by the sun rotation of the carrier device, driving the first planetary grinding station to rotate about the second planetary rotation axis P2 at a second planetary speed UP2. The first toothed belt drive is driven by the rotation of the first planetary grinding station, driving the grinding container housing to rotate about the first planetary rotation axis P1 at a planetary speed UP1. The first toothed belt drive is preferably crossed. A toothed belt drive rotates together with the first grinding station about a second planetary rotation axis P2. The first toothed belt drive may include a horizontal drive toothed pulley (vertical rotation axis) and a vertical output toothed pulley (horizontal rotation axis) that can be fixedly connected to the carrier device, and a toothed belt steering device, for example, by means of at least one steering roller, to change the direction from horizontal to vertical. In other words, the rotation of the first planetary grinding station about the second planetary rotation axis P2 drives the first toothed belt drive via the horizontal drive toothed pulley, which in turn converts the rotational motion about the vertical second planetary rotation axis P2 into rotational motion about the horizontal first planetary rotation axis P1.

[0052] For a planetary grinder having a grinding container rotating in 3D around a sun axis and around the rotational axes of two planets, the relative speed ratio (|UP2:US|) between the rotation of the first grinding container housing together with the grinding container around the rotational axis of the second planet and the rotation of the carrier device around the sun axis is preferably between 25:1 and 0.5:1, and more preferably between 5:1 and 1:1. The rotational directions of the sun-rotating and the first grinding container housing with the grinding container around the rotational axis of the second planet can be in the same or opposite directions, wherein opposite directions are preferred. Therefore, UP2:US is preferably between -25:1 and -0.5:1, and more preferably between -5:1 and -1:1, where the negative sign indicates the opposite rotational direction. Furthermore, it is advantageous that the speed ratio (|UP1:UP2|) between the rotation of the first grinding container housing together with the grinding container around the rotational axis of the first planet and around the rotational axis of the second planet is preferably between 10:1 and 0.1:1, and more preferably between 5:1 and 0.2:1.

[0053] The planetary grinder (single planetary grinder) has been described above using an example of a single planetary component or a single planetary grinding station. However, the planetary grinder according to the invention may also include a second (double planetary grinder), a third (triple planetary grinder), a fourth (quadruple planetary grinder), and / or additional planetary grinding stations that orbit the sun in planetary orbits (multiple planetary grinders). In particular, the additional planetary grinding stations are constructed identically to the first planetary grinding station, thus eliminating the need for corresponding repetition. The additional (planetary) grinding container housings are also driven and rotate about their own first and / or second planetary rotation axes, respectively. Typically, the double or quadruple planetary grinder is constructed symmetrically with respect to the sun axis, or all planetary grinding stations orbit the same planet (symmetrical multiple planetary grinder). Preferably, in the 3-D multiple planetary grinder, all the grinding container housings with their respective grinding containers rotate about their respective second planetary rotation axes in the opposite direction to the sun's rotation, particularly at the aforementioned speed ratio.

[0054] According to one embodiment, the carrier device or solar disk may each have a recess for accommodating a planetary grinding station in the planetary orbit, allowing the planetary grinding station to rotate at least partially, for example, with its lower shaft protrusion submerged in the solar disk. This type of planetary support has been verified.

[0055] Planetary mills must have at least the following structural and dynamic parameters:

[0056] • The radius of a planet's orbit, commonly known as the solar radius, r P ,

[0057] Planetary inner radius r V ,

[0058] The ratio r of the Sun's radius to the planet's inner radius P :r V ,

[0059] • Solar rotation speed in US

[0060] • The rotational speed of the first planet around its axis is UP1.

[0061] • If necessary, the second planet rotates at a speed of UP2 around its axis.

[0062] • The ratio of the first planet's rotational speed to the Sun's rotational speed UP1:US and / or

[0063] • When necessary, the ratio of the second planet's rotational speed to the Sun's rotational speed is UP2:US.

[0064] Here, the eccentric offset of the first planetary grinding station relative to the solar axis defines the solar radius r between the solar axis and the midpoint of the planetary grinding station. P The grinding container has an internal space for filling the grinding material and grinding media, and this internal space defines the planetary inner radius r. V Preferably, one, more, or all of these structural and dynamic parameters of the planetary grinder are selected such that, during operation of the planetary grinder, the grinding material and, if necessary, the grinding media temporarily detach from the inner wall of the grinding container, move through the internal space of the grinding container, and collide with the inner wall of the grinding container again.

[0065] It can be assumed that, in particular, a combination of orbital motion around the solar axis and rotation of a first planet around a planetary axis opposite to the solar axis, and, if necessary, rotation of a second planet around a second planetary axis that may, but is not necessarily, be parallel to the solar axis, can produce a special motion mechanism that accompanies the grinding material and, if necessary, the grinding media detaching from the inner wall of the grinding container. This motion mechanism—which does not require scientific accuracy—can even cause a chaotic flight trajectory of particles in the grinding container if necessary.

[0066] Preferably, the inner radius r of the planet V With solar radius r P The ratio is in the range of 1:0.5 to 1:10, preferably in the range of 1:0.8 to 1:8, and more preferably in the range of 1:1 to 1:5.5, wherein the eccentric offset of the first planetary grinding station relative to the solar axis defines the solar radius r between the solar axis and the midpoint of the planetary grinding station. P Furthermore, the grinding container has an internal space for filling the grinding material and grinding media, and the internal space defines the planetary inner radius r. V These ratios are expected to produce good grinding results and a suitable motion mechanism.

[0067] In (laboratory) planetary grinders, the grinding container is particularly capable of being detachably inserted into a corresponding grinding container receiving device, and the grinding container preferably has a grinding cup and a grinding cup lid detachable from the grinding cup so that the grinding container can be removed from the planetary grinder and opened for filling and removing the grinding material. Preferably, the grinding container has a cylindrical, spherical, or elliptical internal space for filling the grinding material and grinding media. These container shapes have proven particularly suitable in terms of specific dynamic performance.

[0068] The external shape of the grinding container can be substantially cylindrical, independent of the shape of the internal space, and defines a central grinding cup axis. Preferably, the grinding container consists of a grinding cup having a grinding cup bottom extending transversely to the grinding cup axis and an annular grinding cup wall circumferentially connected to the grinding cup bottom and extending axially from the grinding cup bottom. The grinding cup is open on its upper side, which is opposite to the grinding cup bottom in its axial direction. In axial cross-section, the external shape of the grinding cup can be substantially U-shaped. The open upper side of the grinding cup forms an annular sealing surface, and the grinding cup is closed by a separate grinding cup lid, which seals relative to the annular sealing surface of the grinding cup. The grinding cup lid extends transversely to the grinding cup axis and has a central region on its lower side and an annular region surrounding the periphery of the central region, which forms the upper boundary of the internal space of the grinding cup, and the annular region on the periphery seals relative to the annular sealing surface of the grinding cup. The lower central region thus comes into contact with the grinding material and, if necessary, the grinding media during operation of the planetary grinder, while the annular region on the periphery faces the annular sealing surface of the grinding cup.

[0069] According to an advantageous embodiment, the grinding container receiving device is configured such that different, if necessary, different-sized grinding containers can be interchangeably inserted into the grinding container receiving device. More preferably, each grinding container receiving device has a tensioning device to reliably tension the grinding cup, which is sealed by the grinding cup lid, within the respective grinding container receiving device for the grinding process.

[0070] Preferably, the first grinding station has a holding device and a first planetary shaft extending horizontally parallel to the carrier device, defining a first planetary rotation axis, and a first grinding container receiving device fixed to the first planetary shaft. The grinding container can be inserted into and tensioned therein. The first grinding container receiving device is rotatably supported in the holding device about the horizontal first planetary shaft for 360° and can freely rotate within the holding device at a first planetary rotational speed UP1, driven by the grinding container tensioned in the first grinding container receiving device.

[0071] According to one embodiment, the first grinding container receiving device has a tensioning cage in which the grinding container can be tensioned, wherein the tensioning cage particularly has:

[0072] - A cage-like lower component for inserting into a grinding container, wherein the cage-like lower component has an annular section, a cover section connected to and extending axially from the annular section, and a cage bottom that restricts the cover section on its bottom side, wherein a first planetary shaft is fixed to the annular section.

[0073] - A cover assembly for closing the tension cage, wherein the grinding container can be inserted into and removed from the tension cage when it is opened.

[0074] - A tensioning device for tensioning the grinding container (90) in the tensioning cage when the tensioning cage is closed.

[0075] The cage cover component is detachably fixed to the cage lower component. This can be achieved by locking elements, for example, via a bayonet connection.

[0076] The grinding container preferably consists of a grinding cup with a grinding cup axis and a grinding cup cover that can be detached from the grinding cup, so that the grinding material can be filled into the grinding cup and removed. When the grinding container is inserted into the tensioning cage and the tensioning cage is closed, the grinding cup cover can be axially tensioned relative to the grinding cup by a tensioning device.

[0077] Therefore, preferably, the tensioning device generates a tensioning force on the grinding container that acts perpendicular to the first planetary rotation axis P1.

[0078] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, wherein the same and similar elements have the same reference numerals in part, and features of different embodiments may be combined with each other. Attached Figure Description

[0079] The attached diagram shows:

[0080] Figure 1 A schematic partial illustration of the structural and dynamic parameters of a 3-D planetary grinder as observed from a model is shown.

[0081] Figure 2 A three-dimensional view of a 3-D planetary grinder according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, in the form of a single-mass 3-D planetary grinder.

[0082] Figure 3 Show Figure 2 The internal structure of the 3-D planetary grinder contains the components.

[0083] Figure 4 Shown from diagonally above Figure 2 A three-dimensional view of the carrier device and planetary grinding station of the 3-D planetary grinder.

[0084] Figure 5 Shown from the lower diagonal Figure 2 A three-dimensional view of the carrier device of a 3D planetary grinder.

[0085] Figure 6 It shows Figure 2 A cross-sectional three-dimensional view of the carrier device and planetary grinding station of a 3D planetary grinder.

[0086] Figure 7 Show Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the carrier device and planetary grinding station of a 3-D planetary grinder.

[0087] Figure 8 A three-dimensional view of the carrier assembly and planetary grinding station of a planetary grinder according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown from an oblique top view.

[0088] Figure 9 Showing according to Figure 8 A three-dimensional view of the carrier device from a slightly downward angle.

[0089] Figure 10 It shows according to Figure 8 A three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the carrier device and planetary grinding station.

[0090] Figure 11 It shows crossing according to Figure 8 Cross-sectional diagram of the carrier device and planetary grinding station.

[0091] Figure 12 A three-dimensional view of a 3D planetary grinder as a dual 3D planetary grinder according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0092] Figure 13 Shown from diagonally above Figure 12 A three-dimensional view of the carrier device and two planetary grinding stations of a 3-D planetary grinding mill.

[0093] Figure 14 Shown from the lower diagonal Figure 12 A three-dimensional view of the carrier device and two planetary grinding stations of the 3-D planetary grinder.

[0094] Figure 15 Show Figure 12 A 3D cross-sectional view of the internal structure components of a 3D planetary grinder.

[0095] Figure 16 It shows crossing Figure 12 A cross-sectional view of the internal structure components of a 3-D planetary grinder.

[0096] Figure 17 A three-dimensional illustration of a carrier device having two grinding stations according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0097] Figure 18 Show Figure 17 Cross-section of the carrier device and grinding station in the middle

[0098] Figure 19 Showing according to Figure 17 A three-dimensional view of the components under the cage in the grinding station.

[0099] Figure 20 and Figure 19Similarly, it has an insertable grinding container.

[0100] Figure 21 A three-dimensional view of a closed tensioned cage with a tensioned grinding container is shown.

[0101] Figure 22 Show Figure 17 A three-dimensional view of a carrier device with an optional grinding container.

[0102] Figure 23 Showing through Figure 22 The cross-section of the carrier device and the grinding station. Detailed Implementation

[0103] For traditional planetary ball mills, the publicly available article "Contributions to The Modelling Of The Milling Process in a Planetary Ball Mill" by Gy.Kakuk... 1 ,I,Zsoldos 1 , Csanády 2 I. Oldal 1 , 1 University of Sant'Istvan, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, H-2103 Páter Karoly Str. 1 Hungary, Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci 22 (2009) 21-38, known calculations based on the applicant's conventional planetary ball mill PULVERISETTE 4. This disclosure is hereby incorporated by reference. Based on the basic theoretical model for conventional (2-D) planetary ball mills in this disclosure, new theoretical observations are now proposed to study the complex dynamic behavior in a 3-D planetary mill according to the invention. These theoretical observations are set forth below. They are based on theoretical assumptions, approximations, and models, and do not make any demands on completeness and accuracy, but may contribute to the understanding of the complex dynamic grinding process in a 3-D planetary (ball) mill.

[0104] The following will refer to Figure 1 Explain the observation of a 3-D planetary (ball) mill model.

[0105] Grinding in a 3-D planetary ball mill

[0106] In an exemplary 3-D planetary ball mill, compared to a conventional planetary ball mill, in addition to the sun axis S and a (second) planetary rotation axis P2 extending parallel to the sun axis S, another (first) planetary rotation axis P1 is introduced for the grinding container 90 or grinding cup 91a, for example, parallel to the X direction in the sun plane 52. For example, the additional planetary rotation axis P1 may be perpendicular to the grinding container axis passing through the center O1 of the grinding container, for example, located at a height h above the carrier device 22, and the grinding container may, for example, rotate around the additional first planetary rotation axis P1 at the same rotational speed as around the second planetary rotation axis P2 passing through O1. Here, the grinding container 90 in the grinding container housing 26 is, for example, eccentrically positioned at a radius r of the planetary orbit. P (abbreviated as solar radius r) P The omnidirectional suspension system is driven to rotate around two planetary rotation axes P1 and P2.

[0107] Planetary motion and force relationships

[0108] Reference Figure 1 The force acting on the grinding balls in the grinding cup is therefore:

[0109] Centrifugal force F from the center of the solar disk sz

[0110] Centrifugal force F from the center of the grinding cup r

[0111] Centrifugal force F from the center of the grinding cup rS

[0112] (Due to the rotation about the axis of rotation of the first planet)

[0113] • The normal force N and frictional force F generated by the interaction between the grinding ball and the grinding cup s

[0114] Coriolis force F C and F CS

[0115] ·gravity

[0116] Taking into account the additional (first) planetary rotation axis P1 perpendicular to the axis of the grinding cup passing through O1, the following acceleration and force are derived for the rotation about the first planetary rotation axis P1 of the grinding cup. The Coriolis force acts in motion in all directions, having at least one component perpendicular to the axis of rotation, and continuously causes deflection to one side because the force is always perpendicular to the instantaneous direction of motion on the disk.

[0117]

[0118]

[0119]

[0120]

[0121] The individual forces acting within the system are derived from the sum of the forces within the system.

[0122]

[0123]

[0124] Separation angle

[0125] Therefore, the separation condition changes to:

[0126]

[0127] Or for ω V =ω VS

[0128]

[0129] The effect of ratio (i) on the separation angle and the trajectory of the grinding ball (mechanism of motion)

[0130] Although the order of rotation is generally not allowed to be reversed, the addition of angular velocities is interchangeable. Therefore, the order in which the angular velocity components or the entire angular velocity vector are added is not important. Thus, the working range (i) of the 3-D planetary ball mill is increased by the additional rotation of the grinding cup around the additional first planetary rotation axis P1. limit ≤i≤i kritisch It moves in the direction of the friction mechanism. The transmission ratio can be modeled as follows:

[0131]

[0132] For ω V =ω VS In other words, the change is

[0133]

[0134]

[0135] Where ω P It is the angular velocity ω of the carrier device 22, or the solar disk, rotating around the solar axis S. VS It is the angular velocity of the planet's rotation around the first planetary rotation axis P1 (which extends at least temporarily or for most of the time relative to the solar axis), and ω VIt is the angular velocity of the planet's rotation around the second planet's rotation axis P2, which extends parallel to the solar axis.

[0136] With other geometric relationships remaining constant, calculations based on the aforementioned model show that a friction mechanism can be achieved with a smaller transmission ratio than that of a conventional 2-D planetary ball mill. Therefore, it is expected that the grinding results can be favorably influenced by the additional rotation of the grinding cup around an additional planetary rotation axis P1 perpendicular to the "normal" planetary rotation axis P2. This is also expected in vector observation for other planetary rotation axes P1 that are skewed relative to the solar axis.

[0137] velocity at the separation point

[0138] In a traditional 2-D planetary ball mill, the grinding cup rotates around the Z-axis.

[0139]

[0140] In a 3-D planetary ball mill, the grinding cups perform additional, sustained, alternating rotational motions around the X and Y axes.

[0141]

[0142]

[0143] See https: / / de.wikipedia.org / wiki / Drehmatrix

[0144] The separation velocity (v) generated at point "A" d The circumferential velocity (v) of the solar disk dP The sum of the circumferential velocities caused by the rotation of the grinding cup and its components in the X, Y, and Z directions is as follows:

[0145]

[0146] The circumferential speed is increased by rotating around an additional (first) planetary rotation axis P1 that is perpendicular to the grinding cup axis through O1.

[0147] in conclusion

[0148] In a 3-D planetary ball mill, grinding conditions are influenced by rotation about an additional (first) planetary axis of rotation, P1. Changes in the separation point and separation angle result in additional motion mechanisms within the 3-D planetary ball mill. Simultaneously, the separation velocity and therefore all parameters are altered, such as the kinetic energy of the grinding ball at the point of impact, the velocity at the point of impact, and thus the impact energy and grinding power. The above observations are based on a 3-D planetary mill with two planetary axes of rotation, P1 and P2, one of which (P2) extends parallel to the sun axis S with an offset, and the other (P1) extends parallel to the plane of rotation 52 and, at least for most of the time, extends out of plane with respect to the sun axis S. However, starting from this, it is also possible, at least in part, to achieve a particular dynamic performance using only a single planetary axis of rotation, P1, which extends out of plane with respect to the sun axis S.

[0149] Especially in the case of a non-spherical grinding cup 91a, that is, in the case of a cylindrical or elliptical grinding cup interior space 92, it can be expected that the separation point and the collision point will differ according to ω. VS It continuously changes and no longer follows simple harmonic sin or cos functions. Accompanying this, chaotic and changing flight trajectories and velocity vectors can be expected, thus the motion mechanism will also continuously change.

[0150] Since good and thorough mixing should be assumed for this purpose, a grindability limit can be expected in dry grinding within a fine range. It can also be assumed that the homogenization of the ground material can be within a favorable range through the energy input of the grinding balls.

[0151] Reference Figure 2 The laboratory-scale planetary grinder 10 has a housing 12 with a housing cover 14 and an input device 16 for controlling the planetary grinder 10, referred to as the control panel 16, for user input of operating parameters, including, for example, rotational speed. The housing cover 14 is shown in the open state and in this example can be closed by flipping it down and locked if necessary to ensure safe release of the planetary grinder 10 from operation. When the housing cover 14 is closed, the internal working space 18 is closed to meet the safety regulations for laboratory grinders, within which the moving parts of the planetary grinder 10, such as the carrier device 22, the planetary grinding station 24, and the grinding container housing 26, rotate.

[0152] exist Figures 2 to 7 The (laboratory) planetary grinder 10 shown is a single-weight planetary grinder 10, which has only one unique planetary grinding station 24 and a radially adjustable counterweight 28 to compensate for the imbalance of only one planetary grinding station 24.

[0153] The equipment housing 12 extends along its underside via a base plate 32 (see below). Figure 3 The base plate 32 may have feet 34 on its underside, which allow the planetary grinder 10 to be placed on a laboratory bench (not shown) or similar in the laboratory.

[0154] Rotation about all existing axes of rotation, namely about the sun axis S, about the first planetary axis of rotation P1, and about the second planetary axis of rotation P2 in this example, is driven by the same primary actuator 38, which includes, for example, an electric drive motor 36. In this embodiment, the primary actuator 38 of the carrier device 22 is implemented by an electric drive motor 36, which drives a V-belt 40, which in turn rotatably drives the carrier device 22.

[0155] The carrier device 22 is constructed, for example, as a circular solar disk, having an upper cover disk 22a and a lower belt disk 22b serving as the output disk of the primary drive 38. The output disk 22b is driven by the primary drive 38 to rotate about the solar axis S. In this embodiment, the output disk 22b has a V-belt groove 42 for the V-belt 40 of the primary belt drive 38 in order to drive the carrier device 22 about the solar axis S.

[0156] The carrier device 22 is rotatably supported on the solar minor axis 46, for example by means of a ball bearing 44, wherein the solar minor axis 46 is fixed to the base plate 32, for example by a threaded connection thereto, i.e., fixed in the laboratory system. Driven by the primary actuator 38, the carrier device 22 rotates in the laboratory system about the solar axis S or about the solar minor axis 46.

[0157] A drive wheel 48 for a planetary rotation actuator 50 (in this example, a toothed belt actuator 50) is fixed on the sun's short axis 46. As the carrier assembly 22 rotates, the planetary grinding station 24 is driven by the carrier assembly 22 to orbit around the sun's axis S in a planetary orbital orbit 54. The planetary grinding station 24 has a shaft protrusion 56 in its lower region, which is rotatably supported in the carrier assembly 22 about the planetary rotation axis P2, for example by means of a ball bearing 58. Through the orbital drive of the planetary grinding station 24 around the sun's axis S, the planetary actuator 50 drives the rotation of the shaft protrusion 56 or the planetary grinding station 24 about the second planetary rotation axis P2 via an output wheel 60 fixed to the shaft protrusion 56. Using a toothed belt drive (with a drive toothed belt disc 48, an output toothed belt disc 60, and a toothed belt 62) as the planetary rotary drive 50 of the planetary grinding station 24 ensures the synchronization of the rotation of the planetary grinding station 24 about the planetary rotation axis P2 with the rotation of the carrier device 22 about the sun axis S, thereby reliably ensuring the predefined speed ratio. At the same time, the toothed belt drive 50 has sufficient flexibility in dealing with dynamic imbalances caused by chaotic movement of the grinding material.

[0158] In the planetary grinding station 24, the grinding container housing 26 or grinding container tensioning device is rotatably supported about another (first) planetary rotation axis P1. The rotation of the grinding container housing 26 about the first planetary rotation axis P1 is achieved by means of another planetary rotation drive 70, which in this example is also configured as a belt drive, particularly a toothed belt drive. For this purpose, the drive wheel or drive toothed belt disc 68 is fixed to the carrier device 22 in the region of the planetary grinding station 24, coaxial with the shaft protrusion 56 in this example. The drive wheel 68 drives the output wheel or output toothed belt disc 80 transverse to the second planetary rotation axis P2 and coaxial with the first planetary rotation axis P1 via the toothed belt 72. In this example, the planetary drive 70 is configured as having two intersecting guide rollers 74. A toothed belt drive. The grinding container housing 26 is supported in the grinding station 24 by means of a first planetary shaft 86 extending transversely to the second planetary rotation axis P2, in a manner rotatable about the first planetary rotation axis P1. In other words, the first planetary shaft 86 extending transversely to the second planetary rotation axis P2 defines the planetary rotation axis P1 in the planetary grinding station 24. The output toothed belt reel 80 is fixed to the first planetary shaft 86, which is horizontally supported in a cage 84 of the planetary grinding station 24 by ball bearings 82. The additional planetary drive 70 for planetary rotation about the first planetary rotation axis P1 is therefore configured as an angle drive, in this example as a 90° angle drive.

[0159] Therefore, the rotation of the carrier device 22 about the sun axis S first drives the rotation of the planetary grinding station 24 about the second planetary rotation axis P2, which in turn drives the grinding container housing 26 about the first planetary rotation axis P1 transverse to the second planetary rotation axis P2 via another planetary drive 70.

[0160] Therefore, a rotation drive is constructed in series for the rotation of the sun around the solar axis S and the rotation of the planets around the first and second planetary rotation axes P1 and P2, wherein the primary drive 38 drives the rotation of the sun and, in turn, drives the grinding station 24 to rotate around the planetary orbit 54, wherein the rotation of the grinding station 24 around the planetary orbit 54 drives the rotation of the grinding station 24 around the second planetary rotation axis P2, and wherein the rotation of the grinding station 24 drives the rotation of the grinding container housing 26 around the first planetary rotation axis P1.

[0161] In this embodiment, the planetary grinding station 24 has a bottom element 66, to which a shaft protrusion 56, supported in the carrier device 22, is fixedly, for example, threadedly connected. On the sides of the bottom element 66, cantilever arms extend upward as retaining devices 84 on both sides of the grinding container housing 26. The grinding container housing 26 is supported on both sides, for example, by ball bearings 82 in the retaining devices 84 or between the cantilever arms. The first planetary shaft 86 is supported in the cage 84 of the planetary grinding station 24 by means of rolling bearings or ball bearings 82 on both sides, ensuring sufficient stability to withstand the forces that arise, even at high rotational speeds. However, unilateral support is also possible if the size is sufficient.

[0162] In this example, the entire planetary grinding station 24 rotates about the second planetary rotation axis P2. The grinding container housing 26, together with the grinding container 90 tensioned therein, rotates within the planetary grinding station 24 about the first planetary rotation axis P1. Thus, the grinding container 90 performs a double planetary rotation about both planetary rotation axes P1 and P2.

[0163] In this example, the second planetary rotation axis P2 extends offset parallel to the solar axis S1, and the first planetary rotation axis P1 extends perpendicular to the second planetary rotation axis P2 or parallel to the rotation plane 52 of the carrier device 22, thus individually For now, it extends perpendicularly to the solar axis S. However, it is also conceivable that the rotational axes P1 and P2 of the first and / or second planets are tilted, thereby introducing additional complexity into the motion mechanism.

[0164] In this example, the grinding container housing 26 is omnidirectionally suspended on the carrier device 22, or more precisely, it is rotatable about the shaft protrusion 56 and the first planetary axis 86 which is placed laterally relative to it, or supported by the vertical support 58 in the carrier device 22 and the horizontal support 82 in the planetary grinding station 24.

[0165] In other words, in this embodiment, the grinding container housing 26 is supported in a universal suspension device that is eccentrically arranged relative to the sun axis S, so as to achieve a combined triple planetary rotation, namely the sun rotation and the dual-axis planetary rotation, in a manner that allows it to rotate about the first and second planetary rotation axes P1, P2.

[0166] In this embodiment, an inner and outer spherical grinding container 90 are tensioned within the grinding container receiving device 26, wherein different tensioning mechanisms may be used. The spherical grinding container 90 defines a spherical internal space 92, into which abrasive material (not shown) and, if necessary, abrasive media, such as grinding balls, are filled.

[0167] In summary, in addition to orbiting the planet in orbit 54, the grinding container housing 26, together with the grinding container 90, rotates at a first planetary rotational speed UP1 around a first planetary rotational axis P1 arranged parallel to the rotational plane 52 of the carrier device 22 in this example, and simultaneously rotates at a second planetary rotational speed UP2 around a second planetary rotational axis P2 arranged vertically or parallel to the solar axis S. It is evident that the first planetary rotational axis P1 does not intersect the solar axis S except temporarily at individual points in time (see...). Figure 6 , Figure 7 This means that, for most of the time, the axis of rotation of the first planet, P1, extends outward from the solar axis S, i.e., it is not parallel to the solar axis S and at least for most of the time does not intersect with the solar axis S. In other words, the axis of rotation of the first planet, P1, intersects the solar axis S only temporarily at individual points in time, and otherwise extends outward from the solar axis S.

[0168] Through the resulting complex orbital and planetary rotational motions in three-dimensional space, as previously described, a particular, and if necessary chaotic, dynamic performance can be expected in the movement of the grinding material and, if necessary, the grinding media within the internal space 92 of the grinding container.

[0169] In this example, the transmission ratio between the rotations of the two planets around planetary rotation axes P1 and P2, i.e., UP1:UP2 = 1. However, other speed ratios UP1:UP2 greater than or less than 1 can also be set depending on the grinding task. Preferably, the drive 70 for rotation around the first planetary rotation axis P1 is also a synchronous drive, preferably a toothed belt drive as in this example, to ensure the predefined speed ratio. The toothed belt drive 70 for driving the grinding container housing 26 to rotate around the first planetary rotation axis P1 is configured as a crossed toothed belt drive.

[0170] The inner radius of the grinding container 90 defines the inner radius r of the planet. V If the planetary grinder 10 is to accommodate a relatively large grinding container 90, such as a grinding container greater than or equal to 250 ml or even 500 ml, and despite this, should be constructed relatively small, then the solar radius r should be used. P and planetary inner radius r V The radius ratio is relatively small. Therefore, as in the example shown, the sun axis S is relatively close to the inner wall of the grinding container 90. This is particularly well achieved in single-mass planetary grinders. Here, the radius ratio r... P :r V It can be within the range of 1. In a single-mass planetary grinder, the radius can even be made greater than r. P :r VLess than 1, for example, 0.8. When using a smaller grinding container 90 and / or when the planetary grinder 10 has multiple planetary grinding stations 24 (see...). Figures 12 to 16 Especially when using a larger radius than r P :r V Here, for example, the solar radius r P It can be within a range of 70mm, and the planet's inner radius r V For example, within a range of 13mm, therefore the radius is greater than r. P :r V It can be approximately 5.5. Preferably, the radius ratio r P :r V It can be less than or equal to 10 or less than or equal to 8 and / or greater than or equal to 0.5 or greater than or equal to 0.7. In any case, the solar axis S does not intersect the interior space 92 of the grinding container 90 at the center, but only in the peripheral edge region.

[0171] In this example, the relative speed ratio between the planetary rotation speed UP2 about the second planetary rotation axis P2 and the solar rotation speed US is UP2:US = -2:1. To produce the best possible grinding effect, sufficiently high planetary speeds UP2 and UP1 should exist not only about the second planetary rotation axis P2 but also about the first planetary rotation axis P1. However, in conventional planetary ball mills, specific limits are set for planetary rotation because when the acceleration of planetary rotation becomes too large compared to the acceleration of solar rotation, particles may no longer detach from the inner wall 90a of the grinding cup. This limit can be shifted during 3-D rotation if necessary. (The last sentence appears to be incomplete and possibly refers to a different example.) Figures 2 to 7 In the 3-D planetary grinder 10 shown, uneven motion may occur, where the double-rotating planetary components or grinding container 90 reverses its rotation direction with its inner wall "below" the grinding material that is accelerated "outward" by the sun's rotation in the reference system of the carrier device 22 or laboratory system. This can, if necessary, generate additional friction between the grinding material and any existing grinding media and the inner wall 90a of the grinding container, which can advantageously affect the grinding action. Therefore, the relative speed ratio |UP2:US| can be up to 25:1 if necessary, where a lower limit of 0.5:1 or 1:1 can be specified. The rotation about the planetary axis P2 can be designed in the same or opposite direction relative to the rotation about the sun axis S, with the opposite direction being preferred.

[0172] Regarding the rotational speed ratio of the first planet about the additional skew plane's rotational axis P1, the magnitude of the speed ratio |UP1:UP2| can be up to 5:1, or even up to 10:1. However, reductions up to 0.1:1 or 0.2:1 can also be considered. In other words, |UP1:UP2| is less than or equal to 10:1, preferably less than or equal to 5:1 and / or greater than or equal to 0.1:1, preferably greater than or equal to 0.2:1.

[0173] Therefore, the rotation vector of the grinding container 90 about the first planetary rotation axis P1 is regularly reversed in the reference frame of the carrier device 22 or in the laboratory system by the planetary rotation about the second planetary rotation axis P2.

[0174] In the example shown, the grinding container 90 is spherically constructed; however, grinding containers with cylindrical or elliptical internal spaces, and especially grinding containers 90 with a cylindrical shape, can also be used.

[0175] Reference Figures 8 to 11 Another embodiment is shown, in which the "conventional" vertical planetary rotation axis P2 is abandoned, and the grinding container housing 26, having a cylindrical grinding container 90 in this example, performs only planetary rotation about a single, namely the first planetary rotation axis P1, except for the orbital motion about the solar axis S along the planetary orbit 54. The planetary rotation axis P1 is always in the same orientation relative to the carrier device 22 in this example, preferably parallel to the plane of rotation 52 and, in this example, perpendicular to the solar radius r. P Or, to put it another way, it is tangent to the planet's orbit 54. In other words, the planet rotates about a horizontal planetary rotation axis P1, but transversely to the sun's rotation about the solar axis S. Therefore, the planetary rotation axis P1 and the solar axis S are also out of plane to each other, and more precisely, in this embodiment, they are fixed or permanent.

[0176] Unless otherwise described or shown herein, Figures 8 to 11 The construction principles of the embodiments shown are generally consistent with those of the embodiments described above. Figures 2 to 7 The 3-D planetary grinder of the embodiment has the same construction, so in order to avoid repetition, reference can be made to the above content.

[0177] Reference Figures 10 to 11In this embodiment, the planetary shaft 156 is eccentrically rotatably supported in the carrier device and driven by means of a synchronous drive 50. In this example, the planetary shaft 156 drives the grinding container housing 26 and the grinding container 90 tensioned therein to rotate about a horizontally arranged planetary rotation axis P1 via a gear transmission 158. For this purpose, the grinding container housing 26 is horizontally supported in a holding device 84 of the planetary grinding station 24 by means of ball bearings 82. Due to the less dynamically complex motion mechanism of the grinding material and, if necessary, the grinding media, a gear transmission, which is less flexible than a toothed belt drive, is considered suitable for driving the planetary rotation in this embodiment.

[0178] The grinding container 90 consists of a grinding cup 91a and a detachable grinding cup lid 91b, wherein the grinding container is reliably closed by tensioning the grinding cup 91a and the grinding cup lid 91b within the grinding container housing 26. In this example, the internal space 92 of the grinding cup is generally cylindrical, wherein, for example, a rounded grinding cup bottom 94 as shown should not be excluded. In this example, the cylindrical axis of the grinding container 90 is coaxial with the planetary rotation axis P1. However, it is also conceivable that the grinding container 90 can rotate upright, i.e., having a cylindrical axis extending transversely to or perpendicular to the first planetary rotation axis P1.

[0179] Reference Figures 12 to 16 A dual-structure 3-D planetary grinder is described, comprising two planetary grinding stations 24 opposed about the sun axis S. Unless otherwise described or shown below, the dual 3-D planetary grinder 10 corresponds to... Figures 2 to 7 The single-weight 3-D planetary grinder shown is described below; for reference, please refer to this description to avoid repetition.

[0180] In the dual 3-D planetary grinder 10, two planetary grinding stations 24 are rotatably supported in the carrier assembly 22, specifically opposite each other with respect to the sun axis S, to avoid imbalance. The two planetary grinding stations 24 are driven by belt drives 50 to rotate about their respective planetary rotation axes P2, which extend parallel to the sun axis S at an offset. Two grinding container housings 26 are omnidirectionally supported on the carrier assembly 22 and are driven to rotate not only about the vertical planetary rotation axes P2 but also about their respective horizontal planetary rotation axes P1, which extend at least temporarily and are opposite to the sun axis S. Here, the drive is also exemplarily achieved via separately intersecting synchronous or toothed belt drives 70.

[0181] and Figures 2 to 7Unlike other implementations, this 3-D planetary grinder 10 has two cylindrical grinding containers 90, each defining a substantially cylindrical internal space 92. Each grinding cup 91a and grinding cup lid 91b is tensioned within its respective grinding container housing, specifically, in the currently shown zero position, coaxial with the planetary rotation axis P2. However, it is also possible that the cylindrical grinding containers 90 are tensioned in other orientations, for example, coaxial with the first planetary rotation axis P1 in the zero position. The cylindrical grinding containers 90 can also be used in single-unit 3-D planetary grinders or in multi-unit 3-D planetary grinders with three, four, or more grinding stations 24.

[0182] refer to Figures 17 to 23 This illustrates another embodiment of the 3-D planetary grinder 10. Figures 17 to 23 The illustrated embodiment shows a dual 3-D planetary grinder 10 with two mirror-symmetrical grinding stations 24 of identical construction; therefore, only one grinding station needs to be described below to avoid repetition. It is evident that the planetary grinder 10 can also be constructed as a single planetary grinder or a multi-planetary grinder 10 with three, four, or more typical grinding stations 24.

[0183] The grinding container housing 26 consists of a tension cage 102, which is rotatably (>360°) supported in a holding device 84 by means of a horizontal first planetary axis 86 via a rotary bearing 82. The holding device 84 includes two cantilever arms 85, which are fixed at their lower ends 85a to the bottom element 66 of the planetary grinding station 24 and rotate about a vertical planetary rotation axis P2 extending parallel to the sun axis S.

[0184] As in Figures 1-7 and Figures 12-16 In the embodiment described above, the second toothed belt driver 50 drives the planetary grinding station 24 to rotate at a second planetary speed UP2 about the vertical second planetary rotation axis P2. The first toothed belt driver 70 is arranged in the planetary grinding station 24 and rotates with it about the second planetary rotation axis P2. The drive toothed pulley 68 of the first toothed belt driver 70 is arranged coaxially with the vertical second planetary axis 56 and is fixedly connected to the carrier device 22 (sun disk), such that the rotation of the grinding station 24 or the grinding container housing 26 about the second planetary rotation axis P2 about the second planetary axis 56 drives the toothed belt 72 of the first toothed belt driver 70 via the drive toothed belt pulley 68. Then, the toothed belt 72 drives the first planetary axis 86 connected thereto and the grinding container housing 26 connected thereto to rotate about the first planetary rotation axis P1 at a first planetary speed UP1 via the output toothed pulley 80.

[0185] The toothed belt 72 of the first toothed belt drive 70 initially extends horizontally or parallel to the plane of rotation 52 of the carrier device 22 and, in this example, is turned 90° to a direction perpendicular to the plane of rotation 52 by means of a steering roller 74. An output toothed pulley 80 is fixed on a first planetary axis of rotation 1 extending horizontally or parallel to the plane of rotation 52, which is driven by the vertical section of the toothed belt 72 to drive the tension cage 102 rotatably about the horizontal first planetary axis of rotation P1 at a first planetary speed UP1.

[0186] In this embodiment, the drive toothed pulley 68 and preferably also the steering roller 74 are located below the bottom element 66 of the planetary grinding station 24, so that the user cannot access them during normal operation. The toothed belt 72 extends transversely upward through the opening 67 in the bottom element 66 to the output toothed pulley 80, which is mounted on and drives the first planetary shaft 86.

[0187] Therefore, the rotation of the carrier device 22 drives the grinding station 24 to rotate around the second planetary rotation axis P2 via the second toothed belt driver 50. The rotation of the grinding station 24, in turn, drives the tension cage 102 to rotate within the holding device 84 around the first planetary rotation axis P1, which extends perpendicularly to the second planetary rotation axis P2, via the first toothed belt driver 70.

[0188] The tensioning cage 102 includes a lower cage component 106 with an annular section 104 fixedly connected to a first planetary shaft 86. For this purpose, two short shafts 87 (forming the first planetary shaft 86) fixed to opposite sides of the annular section 104 extend horizontally and laterally outward from the annular section 104 into a rotary bearing 82. A cover section 108 of the lower cage component 106 is fixed to the underside of the annular section 104, having a cover rod 109 extending laterally to the first planetary shaft 86 (downward in the initial position shown) and a cage bottom 110 connected to the cover section 108. The cover section 108 can be threaded onto the annular section 104 from below, for example. The lower cage component 106 or the annular section 104, together with the cover section 108 and the cage bottom 110, form a omnidirectionally suspended semi-cage into which the grinding container 90, consisting of the grinding cup 91a and the grinding cup cover 91b removable therefrom, can be inserted from above. The lower cage component 106 may also be cup-shaped closed on the side and / or the underside.

[0189] To accommodate and tension the outer cylindrical grinding container 90, a tensioning cage 102 defines a cylindrical internal space that matches the cylindrical shape of the grinding container 90. The grinding station 24 has sufficient free space to also freely rotate this substantially cylindrical grinding container housing 26. The outer cylindrical grinding container 90, or tensioning cage 102, defines the grinding container column axis M, which coincides with the second planetary rotation axis P2 in the initial position shown. During operation of the planetary grinder 10, the grinding container column axis M rotates in a plane perpendicular to the first planetary rotation axis P1, or in other words, the rotating grinding container column axis M expands this plane. The first planetary rotation axis P1 forms the surface normal to this plane.

[0190] The user can fill the grinding cup 91a with abrasive material and, if necessary, grinding media separately from the planetary grinder 10, and then seal it with the grinding cup lid 91b. The user manually inserts the filled grinding container 90 into the cage lower part 106, as shown. Figure 20 As shown, the lower cage component 106 forms an interference fit with the grinding container 90. After the grinding container 90, consisting of a grinding cup 91a and a grinding cup cover 91b, is inserted into the lower cage component 106, the grinding cage 102 is closed on its axial (M) side opposite the cage bottom 110 using the cage cover component 112, so that the grinding cup 91a, closed by the grinding cup cover 91b, is completely encapsulated by the tension cage 102. The cage cover component 112 has keyhole-shaped holes 114 in the annular section 116, which work in a bayonet manner with the bolts 118 screwed into the central annular section 104 of the tension cage 102. To close the tension cage 102, the user places the cage cover component 112 onto the annular section 104, wherein the bolt head 120 is recessed through the holes 114 of the cage cover component 112, and wherein the holes 114 and the bolts 118 form a bayonet connection for locking the tension cage 102. Next, the user rotates the cover component 112 about the cylindrical axis M of the grinding container to lock the bayonet connection and thereby lock the tension cage 102. In other words, the grinding container housing 26 has an openable and closable tension cage 102, into which the grinding container 90 can be inserted when the tension cage 102 is open, and which surrounds and holds the grinding container 90 when the tension cage 102 is closed.

[0191] The tensioning cage 102 further includes a tensioning device 122 acting axially toward the grinding cup axis M, which is, for example, in the form of a spindle 124 with a rotating handle 126. The user screws the spindle 124 toward the grinding cup cover 91b, thereby tensioning the grinding cup cover 91b toward the grinding cup 91a and simultaneously tensioning the grinding container 90 in the tensioning cage 102. The tensioning force F of the tensioning device 122 acts axially about the grinding cup axis M and transversely to the horizontal first planetary rotation axis P1.

[0192] During the operation of the planetary grinder 10, the tension cage 102 performs multidimensional motion, that is, it revolves around the sun axis S, and preferably rotates around the second planetary rotation axis P2 in the opposite direction to the sun's rotation, and additionally rotates around the horizontal first planetary rotation axis P1, wherein the grinding container 90 is fixedly and reliably tensioned and locked in the tension cage 102.

[0193] After the grinding process is completed and the planetary grinder 10 stops again, the user releases the tensioning device 122, thereby unloading the bayonet connection and allowing the cage cover part 112 to be removed from the cage lower part 106 to open the tension cage 102. With the tension cage 102 open, the grinding container 90 can be removed from the open tension cage 102 or cage lower part 106. The finely ground grinding material and grinding media can then be removed from the grinding cup 91a outside the planetary grinder 10. The grinding cup 91a and grinding cup cover 91b can then be cleaned and refilled for the next grinding process. Furthermore, the user can store multiple grinding containers 90 and load the appropriate grinding container 90 into the grinding container receiving device 26 according to the grinding task, thus allowing for flexible use of the planetary grinder 10. For example, some grinding containers 90 can be made entirely of stainless steel, and other grinding containers 90 may include, for example, ceramic or agate inserts (not shown).

[0194] The retaining device 84 or cantilever 85 and the entire grinding station 24 have sufficient free space for the tensioning cage 102, so that the tensioning cage 102 together with the tensioning device 122 can rotate freely in the grinding station 24 about the first planetary rotation axis P1, i.e., a full 360° and further, transverse to the grinding cup axis M.

[0195] As in Figure 18 As can be seen, the outer cylindrical grinding container 90 has a spherical internal grinding container space 92, which can be advantageous for some grinding tasks when the grinding container 90 is rotating in 3D. However, referring to... Figure 23 The grinding container 90 may also have a cylindrical grinding container internal space 92. Another advantage of tensioning the grinding container 90 in the tension cage 102 is that different grinding containers 90 with different internal space geometries can be used, for example, which may be advantageous in the 3-D planetary grinder 10 due to the complex motion mechanism depending on the grinding task.

[0196] In the example shown, the tension cage 102 is designed to be relatively open, which can be advantageous in terms of air cooling of the grinding container 90 during the grinding process. However, it is also conceivable to construct the tension cage 102 with a smaller opening or even completely closed if necessary, for example when no significant heat dissipation is expected in the planetary grinder 10, or when active cooling is provided so that air cooling plays a secondary role.

[0197] The lower cage component 106, including the annular section 104 and the cover section 108, forms a cylindrical receiving and fitting portion into which the grinding container 90 can be installed. The grinding container 90 is guided transversely to the grinding cup axis M in the tensioning cage 102 within the annular section 104 and / or the cover section 108, and is axially tensioned relative to the grinding cup axis M by means of the tensioning device 122, so that the dynamic forces that occur when the tensioning cage 102 rotates around the three axes, namely the solar axis S and the first and second planetary rotation axes P1, P2, can be reliably transmitted from the tensioning cage 102 to the grinding container 90.

[0198] The grinding cup 91a, which can be removed from the planetary grinder 10 and has a substantially cylindrical shape or a substantially flat grinding cup underside 91c, has the advantage that, regardless of its internal spatial geometry, the user can simply place it on the table using the grinding cup underside 91c for filling and other operations.

[0199] Users can obtain a planetary grinder 10 with multiple grinding containers 90 that may have different sizes, be made of different materials and / or have different internal spatial geometries, and / or can purchase additional grinding containers 90 at a later time or simply replace worn grinding containers 90, which opens up a wide range of applications and is cost-effective and sustainable.

[0200] In summary, a planetary grinder 10 is proposed, wherein one or more grinding containers 90 rotate about at least one associated planetary rotation axis P1 in addition to their orbital motion about the solar axis S, said planetary rotation axis being permanently or at least substantially skewed relative to the solar axis S over time, and wherein one or more grinding containers 90 are removable from the planetary grinder 10. Furthermore, one or more grinding containers 90 are omnidirectionally suspended on a carrier device 22 rotating about the solar axis S, capable of rotating individually about at least one additional, i.e., in total about at least two or more planetary rotation axes P1, P2, to introduce additional planetary rotations about other axes into the dynamic system. Suitable two-dimensional planetary rotations about the two planetary rotation axes P1 and P2 can be achieved, for example, by having the grinding containers 90 rotate about two planetary rotation axes P1 and P2 that are transversely and, in particular, perpendicularly to each other, while the grinding containers 90 orbit the solar axis S in a planetary orbital orbit 54. Here, a chaotic movement mechanism of the contents of the grinding containers may be achieved.

[0201] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments described above should be understood as exemplary, and that the invention is not limited to these embodiments, but can be varied in many ways without departing from the scope of the claims. Furthermore, it will be understood that these features, whether disclosed in the specification, claims, drawings, or otherwise, also individually define the essential components of the invention, even when they are described together with other features.

Claims

1. A planetary mill (10) for crushing and grinding materials, comprising: A solar axis (S) and a carrier device (22), the carrier device being supported in a manner that allows rotation about the solar axis (S), and a first driver (38) for rotating the carrier device (22) about the solar axis (S) at a solar rotation speed (US). A first planetary rotation axis (P1) and a first planetary grinding station (24) having a first grinding container housing (26) for at least one grinding container (90) capable of being filled with grinding material and grinding media, wherein, The first grinding container receiving device (26) with the grinding container (90) is eccentrically supported on the carrier device (22) relative to the sun axis (S) in a manner that allows it to rotate about the first planetary rotation axis (P1), and is driven by the carrier device (22) around the sun axis (S) in the planetary orbit (54) as the carrier device (22) rotates about the sun axis (S). A second drive (70) is used to rotate around a first planetary axis of rotation (P1) at a first planetary speed (UP1) to drive a first grinding container housing (26) with a grinding container (90). In operation, the first planetary grinding station (24), equipped with a first grinding container housing (26) and a grinding container (90), orbits the sun axis (S) in the planetary orbit (54), while the first grinding container housing (26) with the grinding container (90) rotates around the first planetary rotation axis (P1). The first planet's rotation axis (P1) extends out of plane with respect to the solar axis (S), at least temporarily. The first planetary grinding station (24), comprising a first grinding container housing (26) and a grinding container (90), is rotatably supported eccentrically about a second planetary rotation axis (P2) relative to the sun axis (S). A third drive (50) is included to drive the first grinding container housing (26) with the grinding container (90) to rotate about the second planetary rotation axis (P2) at a second planetary rotation speed (UP2). During operation, the first grinding container housing (26) with the grinding container (90) orbits about the sun axis (S) in a planetary orbit (54), and simultaneously rotates about the first planetary rotation axis (P1) and the second planetary rotation axis (P2). The first planetary rotation axis (P1) extends permanently parallel to the rotation plane of the carrier device. The second planetary rotation axis (P2) is perpendicular to the plane of rotation of the carrier device and is permanently parallel to and radially offset from the sun axis (S) extending therefrom. The first grinding container receiving device (26) is omnidirectionally suspended on the carrier device (22), and The first grinding container receiving device (26) has a tension cage (102), in which the grinding container (90) can be tensioned.

2. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 1, wherein, The first planetary rotation axis (P1) extends parallel to the rotation plane (52) of the carrier device (22).

3. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The dimensions of the grinding container (90) and the eccentric positioning of the first planetary grinding station (24) relative to the sun axis (S) are selected such that the sun axis (S) does not intersect the interior of the grinding container (90) or only intersects the interior of the grinding container (90) in the peripheral edge region.

4. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 1, wherein, The first driver (38) is a solar belt driver for driving the carrier device (22) to rotate around the solar axis (S) using a drive motor (36).

5. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 1, wherein, The second drive (70) is a first planetary synchronous drive between the carrier device (22) and the first planetary grinding station (24), wherein the first planetary synchronous drive drives the first grinding container housing (26) to rotate about the first planetary rotation axis (P1) in a manner synchronized with the rotation of the carrier device (22).

6. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 5, wherein, The first planetary synchronous drive is configured as a first planetary toothed belt drive and includes drive toothed pulleys (48, 68) and output toothed pulleys (60, 80).

7. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 6, wherein, The drive toothed pulley (48) is fixedly connected to the solar short axis (46), wherein, when the carrier device (22) rotates, the output toothed pulley (60) is driven by the carrier device (22) around the solar axis (S) in the planetary orbit (54) and thereby driven by the first planetary toothed belt driver to rotate.

8. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 1, wherein, The relative speed ratio between the first planet's speed (UP1) and the Sun's speed (US) is in the range of 10:1 to 0.5:

1.

9. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 8, wherein, The relative speed ratio between the first planet's rotational speed (UP1) and the Sun's rotational speed (US) is in the range of 5:1 to 1:

1.

10. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 1, wherein, The second drive (70) for rotating the first grinding container receiving device (26) with the grinding container (90) at a first planetary rotational speed (UP1) about a first planetary rotational axis (P1) is configured as a first toothed belt drive, and / or the third drive (50) for rotating the first grinding container receiving device (26) with the grinding container (90) at a second planetary rotational speed (UP2) about a second planetary rotational axis (P2) is configured as a second toothed belt drive.

11. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 10, wherein, The first toothed belt drive includes at least one steering roller (74) and is configured as a cross toothed belt drive.

12. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 10 or 11, wherein, The first toothed belt driver includes a horizontal drive toothed pulley (68) arranged coaxially with the second planetary rotation axis (P2).

13. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 12, wherein, The drive toothed pulley (68) is fixedly connected to the carrier device (22).

14. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 10, wherein, The first toothed belt driver includes a horizontal drive toothed pulley (68), a vertical output toothed pulley (80), and a cross toothed belt (72).

15. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 1, wherein, The first planetary rotation axis (P1) and the second planetary rotation axis (P2) do not extend in parallel.

16. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 1, wherein, The first planetary rotation axis (P1) and the second planetary rotation axis (P2) extend perpendicularly to each other.

17. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 1, wherein, The first planetary rotation axis (P1) and the second planetary rotation axis (P2) intersect at a point (O1) within the first planetary grinding station (24) that is eccentric relative to the solar axis (S).

18. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 1, wherein, The first grinding container receiving device (26) is universally supported on the carrier device (22) in a manner that allows it to rotate about the first planetary rotation axis (P1) and the second planetary rotation axis (P2), wherein the universal support of the first grinding container receiving device (26) is arranged eccentrically relative to the sun axis (S), and wherein the first grinding container receiving device (26) with the grinding container (90) is rotatably driven about the first planetary rotation axis (P1) and the second planetary rotation axis (P2).

19. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 1. in, The first planetary grinding station (24) has a holding device (84) with at least one first rotary bearing (82) for the first grinding container receiving device (26), wherein the first rotary bearing (82) defines the first planetary rotation axis (P1). The first planetary grinding station (24) has a second planetary axis (56), and the carrier device (22) has a second rotary bearing (58) in the region of the first planetary grinding station (24), the second rotary bearing defining the second planetary rotation axis (P2), such that the first planetary grinding station (24) is rotatably supported in the carrier device (22) by means of the second planetary axis (56) in a manner concentric with the second planetary rotation axis (P2), and such that the first grinding container receiving device (26) is universally supported on the carrier device (22) in a manner eccentric with respect to the sun axis (S), and is driven to rotate about the first planetary rotation axis (P1) and the second planetary rotation axis (P2) during operation.

20. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 1, wherein, The second driver (70) is a first planetary synchronous driver that drives the first grinding container receiving device (26) to rotate about the first planetary rotation axis (P1) in a manner synchronized with the rotation of the carrier device (22), and / or the third driver (50) is a second planetary synchronous driver that drives the first grinding container receiving device (26) to rotate about the second planetary rotation axis (P2) in a manner synchronized with the rotation of the carrier device (22).

21. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 20. in, The first planetary synchronous drive is configured as a first planetary toothed belt drive and includes a drive toothed belt pulley (68) and an output toothed belt pulley (80), wherein, when the first planetary grinding station (24) rotates, the first grinding container housing (26) with the grinding container (90) is driven to rotate about the first planetary rotation axis (P1) by means of the first planetary toothed belt drive, and / or The second planetary synchronous drive is configured as a second planetary toothed belt drive and includes a drive toothed belt pulley (48) and an output toothed belt pulley (60), wherein the output toothed belt pulley (60) is fixed on the first planetary grinding station (24) and is driven by the carrier device (22) around the sun axis (S) in the planetary orbit (54) when the carrier device (22) rotates, and thus the first planetary grinding station (24) is driven by the second planetary toothed belt drive to rotate.

22. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 21. in, The drive toothed pulley (68) of the first planetary toothed belt driver is fixedly connected to the carrier device (22).

23. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 21. in, The drive toothed pulley (48) of the second planetary toothed belt driver is fixedly connected to the solar short axis (46).

24. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 1. in, The relative rotational speed ratio between the second planet's rotational speed (UP2) and the Sun's rotational speed (US) is numerically in the range of 25:1 to 0.5:1, and / or The speed ratio between the first planetary speed (UP1) and the second planetary speed (UP2) is numerically in the range of 10:1 and 0.1:

1.

25. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 24. in, The relative rotational speed ratio between the second planetary speed (UP2) and the solar speed (US) is numerically in the range of 5:1 to 1:

1.

26. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 24. in, The speed ratio between the first planetary speed (UP1) and the second planetary speed (UP2) is numerically in the range of 5:1 and 0.2:

1.

27. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 1 further comprises: Second, third, fourth and / or additional planetary grinding stations, which are arranged on planetary orbits (54) and constructed in the same manner as the first planetary grinding station (24) and driven to rotate about their own first planetary rotation axis (P1) and / or second planetary rotation axis (P2), respectively.

28. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 1. in, The planetary grinding mill (10) has at least the following structural and dynamic parameters: Solar radius (r) P ), defined as the eccentric offset of the midpoint of the first planetary grinding station from the solar axis. Planetary inner radius (r) V (), defined as the inner radius used to fill the internal space of the grinding material and grinding media. The ratio of the solar radius to the inner radius of the planet (r) P :r V ), Solar rotation speed (US). First planetary rotation speed (UP1). Second planetary rotation speed (UP2). The ratio of the first planetary rotation speed (UP1) to the solar rotation speed (US) and / or The ratio of the second planet's rotational speed (UP2) to the Sun's rotational speed (US), The structural and dynamic parameters of the planetary grinder (10) are selected such that during operation, the grinding material and / or grinding media temporarily detach from the inner wall (90a) of the grinding container (90), move through the internal space (92) of the grinding container (90), and collide with the inner wall (90a) of the grinding container (90).

29. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 1. in, The eccentric offset of the first planetary grinding station (24) relative to the solar axis (S) defines the solar radius (r) between the solar axis (S) and the center point (O1) of the first planetary grinding station (24). P The grinding container (90) has an internal space (92) for filling the grinding material and the grinding body, and the internal space (92) defines the planetary inner radius (r). V ),and Wherein, the inner radius of the planet (r) V ) and solar radius (r) P The ratio is in the range of 1:0.5 to 1:

10.

30. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 29. in, The inner radius of the planet (r) V ) and solar radius (r) P The ratio is in the range of 1:0.8 to 1:

8.

31. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 30. in, The inner radius of the planet (r) V ) and solar radius (r) P The ratio is in the range of 1:1 to 1:5.

5.

32. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 1, wherein, The grinding container (90) includes a grinding cup (91a) and a grinding cup lid (91b) detachable from the grinding cup (91a), and / or wherein the grinding container (90) has a cylindrical, spherical or elliptical internal space (92) for filling the grinding material and the grinding body and / or has a cylindrical external shape.

33. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 1, wherein, Different grinding containers (90) can be interchangeably inserted into a first grinding container receiving device (26), and the grinding container (90) includes a grinding cup (91a) and a grinding cup lid (91b) removable from the grinding cup (91a) so that the grinding material can be filled into and removed from the grinding cup (91a), and wherein the first grinding container receiving device (26) has a tensioning device to reliably tension the grinding cup (91a) sealed with the grinding cup lid (91b) in the first grinding container receiving device (26) for the grinding process.

34. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 1, wherein, The first planetary grinding station (24) has a holding device (84) and a first planetary shaft (86), the first grinding container receiving device (26) is fixed on the first planetary shaft, and the first grinding container receiving device (26) is rotatably supported in the holding device (84) by means of the first planetary shaft, wherein the grinding container (90) can be inserted into the first grinding container receiving device (26) and can be tensioned therein, and wherein the first grinding container receiving device (26) together with the grinding container (90) tensioned therein can be driven to rotate in the holding device (84) at a first planetary speed (UP1).

35. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 1, wherein, The tensioning cage (102) has: - A cage underpart (106) for loading into a grinding container (90), wherein the cage underpart (106) has an annular section (104), a cover section (108) connected to and extending axially from the annular section (104), and a cage bottom (110) defining the cover section (108) on the bottom side. - A cover component (112) for closing the tension cage (102), wherein the grinding container (90) can be inserted into and removed from the tension cage (102) when the tension cage (102) is opened, and - Tensioning device (122) for tensioning the grinding container (90) in the tensioning cage (102) when the tensioning cage (102) is closed.

36. The planetary grinding mill (10) according to claim 35, wherein, The cage cover component (112) can be detachably fixed to the cage lower component (106).

37. The planetary mill (10) according to any one of claims 35 to 36, wherein, The cover component (112) and the lower part of the cage (106) have locking elements (114, 118, 120), and the cover component (112) is fixed to the lower part of the cage (106) by the locking elements (114, 118, 120) when the planetary grinder (10) is running.

38. The planetary mill (10) of claim 35, wherein, The grinding container (90) includes a grinding cup (91a) having a grinding cup axis (M) and a grinding cup cover (91b) detachable from the grinding cup (91a) so that the grinding material can be filled into the grinding cup (91a) and removed, and wherein, when the grinding container (90) is inserted into the tensioning cage (102), the grinding cup cover (91b) can be axially tensioned relative to the grinding cup (91a) by the tensioning device (122).

39. The planetary mill (10) of claim 33, wherein, The first planetary grinding station (24) has a holding device (84) and a first planetary shaft (86), the first grinding container receiving device (26) is fixed on the first planetary shaft, and the first grinding container receiving device (26) is rotatably supported in the holding device (84) by means of the first planetary shaft, wherein the tensioning device (122) applies a tension force (F) acting perpendicular to the first planetary shaft (86) to the grinding container (90).

Images