A method of cultivating a rice field

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of paddy field cultivation methods, comprising the following steps: after harvesting rice in autumn, field is prepared, then water is irrigated;Phragmites communis is planted;After the Phragmites communis is alive, continue to irrigate until the highest water level that the field can bear is reached;Before rice seedling is transplanted, field is drained, then prepared;Field is irrigated, after the Phragmites communis in soil is basically rotten and the part of Phragmites communis on field surface is cyan, seedling is transplanted;Paddy field management is carried out;Rice is harvested.The paddy field cultivation method of the present application can not only save the direct cost of agricultural materials, but also can save labor cost.In addition, due to the reduction of herbicide and fertilizer usage, rice is not harmed and polluted by herbicide during growth, and the environment is more healthy and environmentally friendly, while greatly reducing the pollution of agricultural production to the environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention specifically relates to a method for cultivating paddy fields. Background Technology

[0002] To improve land utilization, winter crops such as wheat are often planted on fallow fields. However, not all fallow fields are suitable for planting winter crops. For low-lying fields, fallow fields, and low-yield reclaimed fields that are not suitable for planting winter crops, how to improve soil infertility and prevent weeds from growing in the fields during the six months when rice is not planted has always been a headache for farmers. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for cultivating paddy fields that can reduce the use of herbicides and fertilizers and increase soil fertility.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] This invention provides a method for cultivating paddy fields, which includes the following steps:

[0006] (1) After the rice is harvested in autumn, the fields are prepared and then irrigated;

[0007] (2) Plant Elodea in the fields treated in step (1);

[0008] (3) After the Elodea has taken root, continue to irrigate until the water level reaches the highest level that the field can withstand;

[0009] (4) Before transplanting rice seedlings, drain the field and then prepare the land;

[0010] (5) Irrigate the field after the treatment in step (4). After the Elodea in the soil has basically decomposed and the Elodea on the field surface has turned green, transplant the rice seedlings.

[0011] (6) Conduct paddy field management;

[0012] (7) Harvesting rice.

[0013] According to some implementation methods, the field is a low-lying field, a fallow field, or a low-yield field that is not suitable for planting winter crops.

[0014] According to some embodiments, the farming method further includes a water storage preparation step prior to step (1), which includes raising and reinforcing the area around the field and / or the field ridges so that the field can maintain a water level of more than 30 centimeters.

[0015] Furthermore, the maximum water level that the field can maintain is 30-50 cm.

[0016] According to some implementations, in step (1), the land preparation is carried out by shallow tillage so that the rice transplanter can still be used for transplanting rice seedlings after the field has been soaked in water for a long time, without the rice transplanter getting stuck.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (1), the shallow tillage depth is such that the soil can cover most of the rice straw, but a large amount of rice straw protrudes from the field surface. The terms "most of the rice straw is covered, but a large amount of rice straw protrudes from the field surface" and "a large amount" can be determined from the farmer's perspective and experience.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (1), the depth of the shallow tillage shall not exceed 10 cm of soil layer.

[0019] Furthermore, the shallow tillage is carried out using tillage machinery.

[0020] According to some implementation methods, in step (1), the amount of water used for irrigation is controlled such that most of the mud does not protrude from the water surface, while most of the rice straw protrudes from the water surface.

[0021] Furthermore, by controlling the amount of shallow cultivation and irrigation, after sowing Elodea, most of the Elodea will not drift with the wind due to the obstruction of the straw sticking out of the water surface. In late autumn, all the Elodea can take root and survive in about a week.

[0022] According to some implementation methods, in step (2), the planting amount of Elodea is controlled to be 40-60 kg per mu.

[0023] According to some implementations, in step (2), the Elodea is cut into short segments of 5-10 cm in length and sown for planting.

[0024] This application utilizes the characteristics of Elodea, which can grow in all seasons and has an amazing growth rate in spring and autumn. All branches of the plant are capable of rooting and will never grow above the water surface. Planting it in the field can prevent the growth of weeds and provide fertilizer to the field, thereby saving fertilizer while ensuring or even improving the yield and quality of rice.

[0025] According to some implementations, in step (3), after the Elodea nuttallii has taken root, the irrigation is carried out by increasing the water level by 5-15cm every 7-10 days.

[0026] According to some implementation methods, in step (3), when the water is filled to the highest level, the water level is basically maintained at this level throughout the winter, but the water level may also decrease as the water evaporates naturally.

[0027] According to some implementation methods, in step (3), if moss grows in the field, a moss remover is applied to the field. The moss remover can be any commercially available moss remover, such as Moss Remover, Moss Remover, etc.

[0028] According to some implementation methods, Elodea can grow into a dense carpet of grass with a net weight of more than 20 kilograms per square meter after a late autumn, winter and spring, thus suppressing the growth of other weeds.

[0029] According to some implementation methods, in step (4), when the water level is reduced to 3-5 cm above the surface, shallow tillage is used for land preparation. At this time, Elodea is tender and easily broken, and most of it can be buried in the silt. More than 12 tons of Elodea per mu can be crushed and used as green manure, which can greatly increase soil fertility and soil permeability, and can save more than half of the amount of chemical fertilizer used compared to conventional paddy fields.

[0030] According to some implementations, after the land preparation in step (4), step (5) is performed promptly.

[0031] According to some implementations, in step (5), the irrigation is carried out until all the soil on the field surface is submerged.

[0032] According to some implementations, in step (5), the irrigation is carried out until the water level on the field surface is 5 to 8 centimeters.

[0033] According to some implementation methods, in step (5), the time required for the Elodea in the soil to basically decompose and for some Elodea on the field surface to turn green is 5 to 8 days.

[0034] According to some implementation methods, rice transplanting can be carried out in the conventional way of existing technology. After transplanting, the water level is maintained so that the soil in the paddy field is not exposed above the water surface, and a water layer is established in time. Subsequent paddy field management is much more convenient than conventional paddy field management. Apart from Elodea growing in the water, there are no other weeds in the field, so no herbicides are used and the amount of chemical fertilizer used is greatly reduced.

[0035] According to some implementations, in step (6),

[0036] When managing the paddy fields, apply urea at a rate of 15-25 jin per mu; when the rice tillering reaches its peak, drain the field; after the rice stops tillering, irrigate the field until the water level is 5-10 cm, and then apply compound fertilizer at a rate of 15-25 jin per mu.

[0037] As the rice grows, Elodea will regrow in shallow water, but this will not affect the rice's growth. Because it doesn't grow above the water surface, it won't interfere with the rice's photosynthesis. When the rice paddies need to be dried in July, Elodea will cover the entire paddy like a blanket. During this drying process, due to the long water shortage and high temperatures, all the Elodea will die. However, because it completely covers the paddy, it can suppress the germination of most weeds during the drying period, so herbicides are unnecessary. After the paddy is refilled with water, the decomposing Elodea provides a second layer of green manure, further increasing the paddy's fertility.

[0038] Due to the application of the above-mentioned technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0039] The paddy field cultivation method of this application eliminates the need for herbicides throughout the entire rice planting process. During the pre-transplanting field preparation, herbicide use can be reduced or even eliminated. Furthermore, this method increases soil fertility, significantly reducing the fertilizer requirements of rice for the same growth rate, thus further lowering its reliance on chemical fertilizers. Therefore, this paddy field cultivation method not only saves on direct agricultural input costs but also on labor costs. In addition, due to the reduced use of herbicides and fertilizers, rice is protected from herbicide damage and pollution during its growth, resulting in healthier and more environmentally friendly rice while greatly reducing the environmental pollution caused by agricultural production. Detailed Implementation

[0040] Currently, there are challenges in improving soil infertility and preventing the proliferation of weeds in fields with insufficient fertility that are unsuitable for winter crops.

[0041] Based on the above problems, this application addresses the issue by planting Elodea nuttallii in fields after the autumn rice harvest and by implementing irrigation, drainage, and land preparation, thereby effectively preventing the excessive growth of weeds without or with minimal herbicide application. Furthermore, it ensures the yield and quality of rice while reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer used.

[0042] All features disclosed in this invention, or all steps in all methods or processes disclosed, may be combined in any way except for mutually exclusive features or steps.

[0043] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. However, the present invention should not be limited to these embodiments. Unless specifically stated otherwise, all features can be replaced by other equivalent or similar features. Unless specifically stated otherwise, each feature is only one example of a series of equivalent or similar features. Unless otherwise specified in the following embodiments, all raw materials are commercially available or prepared by conventional methods in the art. The method steps in the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, are existing methods in the art.

[0044] Example

[0045] This example is located in a portion of the paddy fields of Xuefei Family Farm, Mocheng Street, Changshu City, at 120°40′58″E, 31°51′33″N. The plot covers 27.4 mu (approximately 1.8 hectares), with 24.6 mu (approximately 1.6 hectares) actually suitable for rice cultivation. Previously, the paddy fields were used for crab farming. There are existing high banks around the plot, providing good water storage. The practice period was from the rice harvest in November 2019 to the rice harvest in 2020. The submerged plant used was *Elodea nuttallii*, and the rice variety used was Huzao Xiangruan No. 1.

[0046] 1. Preparation for planting grass: After the rice harvest in mid-November, continue to let the land dry, which is conducive to the rotary tillage of tractors and allows most of the winter weeds to sprout. On December 10, the tractor should shallowly till the soil to a depth of no more than 10 centimeters, so that the soil can cover most of the rice straw, but a large number of straws will still stick out of the field. Then continue to expose the soil to the sun until the 28th, when water should be added, so that most of the soil is submerged, but a large number of straws will still stick out of the water surface.

[0047] Second, planting: We obtained 2400 jin (approximately 1200 catties) of Elodea nuttallii free of charge from a crab-farming friend using three electric tricycles. Three workers chopped the Elodea nuttallii into 5-10 cm lengths, and after two days, evenly sowed it in 24.6 mu (approximately 1.6 hectares) of paddy fields on January 2, 2022, with an average weight of 50 kg / mu. On January 8, we observed that all the sown Elodea nuttallii branches had sprouted white roots. We added water and pumped water from the irrigation station for one hour, raising the water level to 10 cm, and submerging the straw that had protruded from the water surface. On January 15, the Elodea nuttallii had sprouted dark brown shoots. Due to the decomposition and fermentation of the straw, the water color in the field turned light brown, with acceptable transparency, and the water level in the field increased to about 15 cm. On January 25, the water color in the field continued to be brown, and the number of brown shoots of aquatic plants increased significantly. Due to the approaching Spring Festival, we continued to raise the water level to 30 cm.

[0048] 3. Aquatic Plant Management: On February 9th, after the Lantern Festival (the 16th day of the first lunar month), the water surface color became lighter and the water quality clearer. The water level dropped slightly, and the tender shoots of Elodea nuttallii were densely packed below the surface, initially presenting a scene of an underwater grassland. Only a few scattered patches of land were visible. At the same time, some moss was found to be growing. Five bottles of moss remover were used to target and kill the moss with a backpack electric sprayer. On February 10th, the water level was raised to 30cm. In early March, some Elodea nuttallii began to emerge above the water surface. In early April, the aquatic plants basically covered the entire field. In mid-April, the aquatic plants that had emerged above the water surface completely covered the field and began to flower. After three weighings, the weight of Elodea nuttallii harvested from 1 square meter after half an hour of water control was 22.1kg, 20.3kg, and 22.9kg respectively.

[0049] Fourth, preparations for transplanting: Soak rice seeds on the morning of April 15; drain and germinate them on April 16; raise seedlings in machine-made seedling trays on April 17, and continue germination in the seedling trays; and raise seedlings in the fields on April 19.

[0050] 5. Rice Transplanting: On April 28th, lower the water level until only 3-5cm of water remains on the surface after removing the aquatic plants. Maintain this level. On April 29th, use a tractor to harrow and level the paddy field. At this time, the aquatic plants are tender and will not affect the tractor's operation. The mud from the harrow should cover most of the aquatic plants, leaving a small amount of *Elodea nuttallii* (a type of algae) on the surface, which will not actually hinder the transplanter's operation. After leveling the paddy field, immediately add water, maintaining a water level of about 5cm. On May 5th, the *Elodea nuttallii* that has been tilled into the soil will have fully decomposed in the May temperatures, and the tender tips of the *Elodea nuttallii* on the surface will have turned green. Continue to lower the water level until a small amount of surface is exposed. Maintain this level and begin transplanting. After transplanting in the evening, add water, ensuring the water level does not submerge the seedlings. On May 6th, workers should harrow the mud kicked up by the transplanter's wheels to below the water level at the turning points, ensuring the soil does not rise above the water surface and the water does not submerge the seedlings. A week later, the rice plants had taken root and started tillering, and the Elodea left on the field surface had also begun to grow. Since Elodea does not rise above the water surface and does not compete with the rice for sunlight, it has little impact on the rice. However, since the temperature in May is most suitable for the growth of Elodea, in just over half a month, by the end of May, Elodea had basically covered the entire field surface. Apart from a few barnyard grasses brought in by the transplanting, there were no other weeds in the field.

[0051] 6. Rice Management: On May 20th, 500 catties of urea was applied to 24.6 mu of paddy fields, averaging 20 catties per mu. In mid-June, rice tillering reached its peak and the rows closed, while Elodea had grown into a dense carpet 5-10 cm thick. On June 20th, the water level was lowered, with all paddy fields exposed more than 10 cm above the water surface for about 10 days of drying. During this period, rice tillering stopped, new roots sprouted, and all Elodea died. On July 2nd, the water level was raised to 5-10 cm above the field surface, at which point no weeds sprouted. On July 3rd, 500 catties of compound fertilizer was applied as fertilizer for the jointing and heading stages, also averaging 20 catties per mu. Afterward, water and soil management were the same as for conventional paddy fields.

[0052] 7. Yield Measurement and Actual Yield: On September 23, the yield measurement showed an average of 275 effective ears per square meter, with an average of 113 grains per ear, resulting in a yield of 621 kg / mu. On September 26, 15,730 kg of millet was harvested, and 13,680 kg of clean millet was obtained directly from the rice mill. The actual yield was 556 kg / mu, and 9,440 kg of rice was milled, with a milling rate of 69%. The quality of the millet was excellent.

[0053] 8. Summary: Using this method, the amount of chemical fertilizer used is reduced by more than 60% compared to conventional rice cultivation. Without the use of pre-emergence herbicides, the rice yield per mu can reach a relatively high level of 556 kg, saving more than 260 yuan per mu in fertilizer and pesticide expenses.

[0054] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating paddy fields, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: (1) After the rice is harvested in autumn, the fields are prepared and then irrigated; (2) Plant Elodea in the field after the treatment in step (1), and control the planting amount of Elodea to 40-60 kg per mu. Cut the Elodea into short segments of 5-10 cm in length and sow them evenly. (3) After the Elodea has taken root, continue to irrigate until the water level is raised to the highest level that the field can withstand. After growing through a late autumn, a winter and a spring, the Elodea grows into a dense grass blanket with a net weight of more than 20 kilograms per square meter, covering the entire field surface. (4) Before transplanting rice seedlings, drain the field and then prepare the land; (5) Irrigate the field after the treatment in step (4). After the Elodea in the soil has basically decomposed and the Elodea on the field surface has turned green, transplant the rice seedlings. After transplanting the rice seedlings, water can be added, but the water surface should not submerge the seedling core. As the rice grows, the Elodea left on the field surface will grow in shallow water. After more than half a month, the Elodea will basically cover the field surface. (6) Paddy field management: When carrying out the above-mentioned paddy field management, apply urea at a rate of 15-25 jin per mu; when the rice tillering reaches its peak, Elodea nuttallii grows into a dense grass carpet 5-10 cm thick, and the field is left to dry; after the rice stops tillering, at this time all Elodea nuttallii will die, irrigate the field until the water level is 5-10 cm, and then apply compound fertilizer at a rate of 15-25 jin per mu; (7) Harvesting rice.

2. The method for cultivating paddy fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fields in question are low-lying fields, fallow fields, or low-yield fields that are not suitable for planting winter crops.

3. The method for cultivating paddy fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The farming method also includes a water storage preparation step before step (1), which includes raising and reinforcing the area around the field and / or the field ridges so that the field can maintain a water level of more than 30 centimeters.

4. The method for cultivating paddy fields according to claim 3, characterized in that: The maximum water level that can be maintained in the field is 30-50 cm.

5. The method for cultivating paddy fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the land preparation is carried out by shallow tillage.

6. The method for cultivating paddy fields according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step (1), the shallow tillage is carried out at a depth where the soil can cover most of the rice straw but a large amount of rice straw sticks out of the field surface; and / or, the shallow tillage is carried out at a depth of no more than 10 cm of soil layer.

7. The method for cultivating paddy fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the amount of water used for irrigation is controlled so that most of the mud does not protrude from the water surface, while most of the rice straw sticks protrude from the water surface.

8. The method for cultivating paddy fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), after the Elodea nuttallii has survived, the water level is increased by 5-15cm every 7-10 days.

9. The method for cultivating paddy fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), if moss grows in the field, a waterweed herbicide is applied to the field.

10. The method for cultivating paddy fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), when the water level is reduced to 3-5 cm above the field surface, shallow tillage is used to prepare the land.

11. The method for cultivating paddy fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5), the irrigation is carried out until all the soil on the field surface is submerged; and / or, in step (5), the irrigation is carried out until the water level on the field surface is 5-8 cm.

12. The method for cultivating paddy fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5), it takes 5-8 days for the Elodea in the soil to basically decompose and for some Elodea on the field surface to turn green.