Vacuum composite type translucent photovoltaic window suitable for low energy consumption building and application

Abstract

This invention relates to the technical field of building energy conservation and emission reduction, and discloses a vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window suitable for low-energy buildings and its application. The vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window includes vacuum glass and photovoltaic glass arranged sequentially. The vacuum glass comprises a first tempered glass, a Low-e film, a vacuum layer, and a second tempered glass. The photovoltaic glass comprises a photovoltaic cell and a third tempered glass arranged sequentially. The vacuum glass and photovoltaic glass are laminated together to form the vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window. This invention allows the heat generated by the photovoltaic window to be dissipated into the room in a timely manner, thereby increasing the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cells. Furthermore, the vacuum layer, located on the outdoor side, can initially block heat from entering the room, thus reducing the amount of heat entering the room. The photovoltaic power generated can be used for indoor lighting, thereby reducing the indoor lighting load and achieving the goal of good integrated light-heat-electric performance of the vacuum photovoltaic glass.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of building energy conservation and emission reduction, specifically to a vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window suitable for low-energy buildings and its application. Background Technology

[0002] In 2021, the construction industry accounted for 30% of global final energy consumption and about one-third of energy-related CO2 emissions, making it the largest contributor. The International Energy Agency (IEA) points out that to meet the requirements of the Paris Agreement on controlling global warming, the construction industry needs to reduce global energy consumption by approximately 13% and carbon emissions by 50% between 2018 and 2040. Therefore, developing building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) technology is of great significance for developing renewable electricity and reducing carbon emissions in the construction industry. For urban areas with limited land area, semi-transparent solar photovoltaic windows have attracted widespread attention.

[0003] However, the following prominent problems still exist with semi-transparent photovoltaic windows: the overall performance of single-layer semi-transparent photovoltaic windows is poor in terms of photothermal and electrical properties, and the technical optimization methods for applying semi-transparent photovoltaic windows to low-energy buildings are not yet clear. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides a vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window and its application suitable for low-energy buildings. It employs optimized structural design, parameter adjustment, and an optimized method for achieving low-energy operation of the vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window in building applications, thereby solving problems such as poor overall photothermal and electrical performance and limited applicability of existing semi-transparent photovoltaic windows.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is as follows:

[0006] A vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window suitable for low-energy buildings includes vacuum glass and photovoltaic glass arranged in sequence. The vacuum glass includes a first tempered glass, a Low-e film, a vacuum layer and a second tempered glass. The photovoltaic glass includes a photovoltaic cell and a third tempered glass arranged in sequence. The vacuum glass and the photovoltaic glass are laminated together to form a vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window.

[0007] Preferably, the thickness of the first tempered glass (1), the second tempered glass (4) and the third tempered glass (6) is 5 mm.

[0008] Preferably, the thickness of the vacuum layer is 0.2 mm and the vacuum degree is 0.001 Pa.

[0009] Preferably, a layer of PVB glass adhesive with a thickness of 1.52 mm is provided on both sides of the photovoltaic glass.

[0010] Preferably, the photovoltaic glass includes a photovoltaic cell, the photovoltaic glass has a thickness of 3.2 mm, and a light transmittance of 40%.

[0011] Preferably, the photovoltaic layer further includes a semi-transparent photovoltaic module made by cutting and attaching photovoltaic cells to glass, wherein the photovoltaic cells can be one of monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon thin-film cells, or inorganic compound thin-film cells.

[0012] Preferably, the photovoltaic glass can be connected to a micro-inverter system, which includes a maximum power optimizer, a DC regulator or an AC inverter and an energy storage battery module to form an energy storage system. When applied on a large scale (such as a photovoltaic curtain wall), it can be used to supply DC or AC electrical appliances in the building interior, and provide a short-term emergency power supply when the public power grid fails.

[0013] Compared with existing technologies, the vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window technology proposed in this invention, suitable for low-energy buildings, also has the following advantages:

[0014] I. A novel vacuum composite photovoltaic window with excellent integrated photothermal and electrical performance is proposed. This invention proposes a vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window technology with the vacuum layer facing outward and the photovoltaic glass facing inward. By setting the vacuum layer on the outdoor side, the heat generated by the photovoltaic window can be dissipated into the room in a timely manner, thereby increasing the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cells. Furthermore, the vacuum layer on the outdoor side can first block the heat entering the room, thereby reducing the amount of heat entering the room. The photovoltaic window power generation can be applied to indoor lighting, thereby reducing the indoor lighting load and achieving the goal of excellent integrated photothermal and electrical performance.

[0015] Second, a technical applicability optimization method for achieving low-energy operation of building applications using vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic windows is proposed. Combining the establishment of a photothermal-electric model for vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic windows, the establishment of building application energy systems, and the establishment of coupled simulation optimization design models, this method uses the structural design of vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic windows as optimization parameters and the building heat load, lighting load, and photovoltaic window power generation as optimization objectives. It proposes a technical applicability optimization method that considers different building climate zones, functional types, and window structures, which can promote the development of building photovoltaic integration technology and low-energy operation of buildings. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments in the drawings do not constitute any limitation on the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the following drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window applicable to low-energy buildings according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the building application structure of the vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window technology applicable to low-energy buildings according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the technical applicability optimization method of the vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window for low-energy buildings according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1-First tempered glass, 2-Low-e film, 3-Vacuum layer, 4-Second tempered glass, 5-Photovoltaic glass, 6-Third tempered glass. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The following detailed description of a vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window suitable for low-energy buildings, with reference to specific embodiments, is provided. These embodiments are for comparative and illustrative purposes only, and the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0023] In the description of this invention, "several" means one or more, "more than" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. The use of "first" and "second" in the description is merely for distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0024] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "set up," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0025] Reference Figure 1 The vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window provided in this embodiment, suitable for low-energy buildings, includes vacuum glass and photovoltaic glass arranged in sequence. The vacuum glass includes a first tempered glass 1, a Low-e film 2, a vacuum layer 3, and a second tempered glass 4. The photovoltaic glass includes a photovoltaic cell 5 and a third tempered glass 6 arranged in sequence. The vacuum glass and the photovoltaic glass are laminated together to form a vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window.

[0026] Preferably, the thickness of the first tempered glass 1, the second tempered glass 4, and the third tempered glass 6 is 5mm.

[0027] Preferably, the thickness of the vacuum layer 3 is 0.2 mm and the vacuum degree is 0.001 Pa.

[0028] Preferably, a layer of PVB glass adhesive with a thickness of 1.52 mm is provided on both sides of the photovoltaic glass.

[0029] Preferably, the photovoltaic glass includes a photovoltaic cell, the photovoltaic glass has a thickness of 3.2 mm, and a light transmittance of 40%.

[0030] Preferably, the photovoltaic glass further includes a semi-transparent photovoltaic module made by cutting and attaching photovoltaic cells onto the glass, wherein the photovoltaic cells can be one of monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon thin-film cells, or inorganic compound thin-film cells.

[0031] Preferably, the photovoltaic glass can be connected to a microinverter system, which includes a maximum power optimizer, a DC voltage regulator or an AC inverter and an energy storage battery module to form an energy storage system. This system can supply power to DC or AC electrical appliances in the building and provide emergency power supply in the event of a public power grid failure.

[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, photovoltaic window power generation is achieved by connecting a micro-inverter system (including a maximum power optimizer, DC voltage regulator or AC inverter, and energy storage battery module) directly to indoor appliances to provide electricity. When solar radiation passes through the photovoltaic window, heat radiation, heat conduction, and heat convection occur, affecting the heat transfer of the building envelope. By coating the inner side of the vacuum layer near the outside with a low-emissivity film that has high visible light transmittance and high mid- and far-infrared reflectivity, the mid- and far-infrared heat entering the room is effectively reduced. By compositing a vacuum layer with good thermal insulation performance on the outer layer of the photovoltaic layer, the thermal insulation performance of the semi-transparent photovoltaic window can be effectively guaranteed.

[0033] The following details the research method for optimizing the applicability of vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic windows in low-energy buildings: The integrated photothermal and electrical performance of vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic windows is directly related to building type (climate zone, function, window structure). The application provided by this invention utilizes the method for optimizing the integrated photothermal and electrical performance of vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic windows to supply power to indoor appliances and reduce the heat entering the room, thereby achieving low-energy building operation. The steps are as follows: Figure 3 As shown:

[0034] (1) Conduct light-thermal-electric parameter test experiments on vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window, establish thermal parameter model of composite photovoltaic window on window thermal performance simulation platform WIDNOW, and verify and improve the accuracy of WINDOW model by combining the comprehensive performance test results of vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window.

[0035] (2) Conduct comprehensive performance parameter testing experiments on vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic windows, and establish a building physical model of vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic windows in the three-dimensional building model platform SketchUp.

[0036] (3) Import the three-dimensional vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window building physical model and WINDOW thermal parameter model into the building module TRNBuild of the transient energy system simulation platform TRNSYS, input the hourly climate parameters of the application building area, set the building system model including building envelope, air conditioning, lighting, equipment and other modules, and simulate and calculate the hourly load of the building.

[0037] (4) Based on TRNSYS, establish a transient energy system model for building application vacuum composite photovoltaic windows, including main modules such as vacuum composite photovoltaic window power generation, maximum power optimizer, voltage regulator conversion, battery energy storage, and DC or AC power consumption.

[0038] (5) Multi-objective optimization design was carried out through the coupled optimization platform jEplus+EA. Vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window was optimized for different climate zones (different window heat insulation and heat preservation requirements), different building types (residential buildings, commercial buildings, industrial buildings), and different window structures (window-to-wall ratio, length-to-width ratio, orientation). The optimization parameters were set as photovoltaic window composite form and structural design, and the optimization objectives were building heat load, lighting load and photovoltaic power generation. The economic efficiency and carbon reduction benefits of the photovoltaic window throughout its entire life cycle were evaluated.

[0039] In this embodiment of the invention, the reason for setting the vacuum layer of the vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window to face outdoors and the photovoltaic layer to face indoors is as follows: Since the photovoltaic cell power generation process generates heat, affecting the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module and the heat transfer of the photovoltaic window, this invention sets the vacuum layer on the outdoor layer. This allows the heat generated by the photovoltaic window to be dissipated into the room in a timely manner, thereby increasing the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cell. Furthermore, placing the vacuum layer on the outdoor side can initially block heat from entering the room, thus reducing the amount of heat entering the room. If the vacuum layer were placed on the indoor side, the heat generated by photovoltaic power generation could not be effectively dissipated, potentially reducing the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation.

[0040] The key points regarding the comprehensive balance of photothermal and electrical performance of the vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window in this embodiment of the invention are as follows: The heat transfer, power generation, and light-gathering performance of the vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window are mutually influential, and there is also coupling between them in photothermal conversion, electrothermal conversion, and photoelectric conversion. The composite vacuum layer is expected to further improve the thermal performance of the semi-transparent photovoltaic window, while the vacuum layer will affect the heat transfer and photovoltaic power generation status of the photovoltaic window. By uniformly spacing photovoltaic cells with a reasonable transmittance (0.4, meeting the requirement that the visible light transmittance of the light-transmitting material is not less than 0.4 when the window-to-wall area ratio of a single facade of a Class A public building is greater than or equal to 0.4), good indoor lighting performance (average daytime illuminance of indoor work surfaces greater than 450 Lux) and visual comfort (avoiding glare) can be achieved. By assembling vacuum-laminated glass with a low-emissivity film on the outer side, good heat insulation performance of the semi-transparent photovoltaic window can be ensured (with good solar heat gain coefficient and heat transfer coefficient). By assembling photovoltaic glass (photovoltaic coverage 0.6) and connecting it to a photovoltaic power stable conversion energy storage system (including a maximum power optimizer, DC voltage regulator or AC inverter, and energy storage battery module), when used on a large scale (such as a photovoltaic curtain wall), it can supply DC or AC electrical appliances in the building interior. In the event of a public power grid failure, the battery can provide a short-term emergency power supply (such as for emergency lighting or powering computer servers).

[0041] The vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window and its application provided in the above embodiments of the present invention include a vacuum glass and a photovoltaic glass arranged sequentially, with the vacuum glass and photovoltaic glass laminated to form a vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window. The vacuum glass is composed of tempered glass, a Low-e film, a vacuum layer, and tempered glass, while the photovoltaic glass is composed of photovoltaic cells and tempered glass. This invention enables the heat generated by the photovoltaic window to be dissipated into the room in a timely manner, thereby increasing the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cells. Furthermore, the vacuum layer, located on the outdoor side, can initially block heat from entering the room, thus reducing the amount of heat entering the room. The photovoltaic window's power generation can be applied to indoor lighting, thereby reducing the indoor lighting load and achieving the goal of good integrated light-thermal-electric performance of the vacuum photovoltaic glass.

[0042] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. An application of a vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window suitable for low-energy buildings, characterized in that, The vacuum glass and photovoltaic glass are arranged in sequence. The vacuum glass includes a first tempered glass (1), a Low-e film (2), a vacuum layer (3), and a second tempered glass (4). The photovoltaic glass includes a photovoltaic cell (5) and a third tempered glass (6) arranged in sequence. The vacuum glass and photovoltaic glass are laminated to form a vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window. The thickness of the first tempered glass (1), the second tempered glass (4) and the third tempered glass (6) is 5mm; The thickness of the vacuum layer (3) is 0.2 mm, and the vacuum degree is 0.001 Pa; A layer of PVB adhesive with a thickness of 1.52 mm is provided on both sides of the photovoltaic glass. The photovoltaic glass includes a photovoltaic cell, and the photovoltaic glass has a thickness of 3.2 mm and a light transmittance of 40%. The photovoltaic glass also includes a semi-transparent photovoltaic module made by cutting and attaching photovoltaic cells onto the glass, wherein the photovoltaic cells can be monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon thin-film cells, or inorganic compound thin-film cells. The photovoltaic glass is connected to a micro-inverter system, which includes a maximum power optimizer, a DC regulator or an AC inverter, and an energy storage battery module to form an energy storage system. Used to reduce the heat entering the room and to supply power to DC or AC electrical appliances inside the building; It also includes optimizing the combined photothermal and electrical performance of vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic windows to achieve low-energy building operation, including the following steps: (1) Conduct light-thermal-electric parameter test experiments on vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window, establish a thermal parameter model of composite photovoltaic window on the window thermal performance simulation platform WIDNOW, and verify and improve the accuracy of the WINDOW model by combining the comprehensive performance test results of vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window; (2) Conduct comprehensive performance parameter testing experiments on vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic windows, and establish a building physical model of vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic windows in the three-dimensional building model platform SketchUp; (3) Import the three-dimensional vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window building physical model and WINDOW thermal parameter model into the building module TRNBuild of the transient energy system simulation platform TRNSYS, input the hourly climate parameters of the application building area, set the building system model including building envelope, air conditioning, lighting, and equipment modules, and simulate and calculate the hourly load of the building; (4) Establish a transient energy system model of vacuum composite photovoltaic window for building application based on TRNSYS, including vacuum composite photovoltaic window power generation, maximum power optimizer, voltage regulator conversion, battery energy storage, DC or AC power module; (5) Multi-objective optimization design was carried out through the coupled optimization platform jEplus+EA. The vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window was optimized for different climate zones, different building types and different window structures. The optimization parameters were set as photovoltaic window composite form and structural design, and the optimization objectives were building heat load, lighting load and photovoltaic power generation. The economic efficiency and carbon reduction benefits of the photovoltaic window throughout its entire life cycle were evaluated. In step (5), the steps to achieve a comprehensive balance of the photothermal and electrical performance of the vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window are as follows: The heat transfer, power generation, and light transmission performance of the vacuum composite semi-transparent photovoltaic window are mutually influential, and there is also coupling between them in terms of photothermal conversion, electrothermal conversion, and photoelectric conversion. The composite vacuum layer further improves the thermal performance of the semi-transparent photovoltaic window, while the vacuum layer affects the heat transfer and photovoltaic power generation status of the photovoltaic window; by uniformly cutting the photovoltaic cells to set a reasonable light transmittance, good indoor lighting performance and visual comfort are met; by composite vacuum layer glass with a low-emissivity film on the outer side, good heat insulation performance of the semi-transparent photovoltaic window can be guaranteed.

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