Multi-purpose stress loading device and triaxial experimental device

Abstract

The application relates to the field of rock mass mechanics experiments, in particular to a multipurpose stress loading device and a triaxial experiment device, which comprises a stress loading box, a first stepped surface is formed in the stress loading box along a first direction; a plurality of pressing blocks are arranged in the stress loading box and abut against each other along the first direction, each pressing block is arranged corresponding to each surface of the first stepped surface, the pressing blocks are movably connected to the stress loading box along the opening direction of the stress loading box, and a half groove is formed on the abutting side of adjacent pressing blocks along a direction perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the pressing blocks; a plurality of springs are arranged between each pressing block and each surface of the first stepped surface to push the plurality of pressing blocks to extend to one side of the stress loading box and be flush; and a plurality of first locking columns are movably arranged in the stress loading box, and the movement of the first locking columns can be inserted between the half grooves of adjacent pressing blocks or separated from the half grooves. The application has the effect of meeting the stress loading experiment requirements of rock mass samples under various environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of rock mechanics experiments, and in particular to a multipurpose stress loading device and a triaxial experimental apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] Rock mechanics experiments are experimental methods used to study the mechanical behavior and response of rock masses under complex stress conditions. These experiments are typically conducted in laboratories, using specialized experimental setups and instruments to simulate the stress state and changes of rock masses in real-world environments.

[0003] In rock mechanics research, stress loading experiments are a common experimental method. These experiments involve applying stress to the surface of a rock mass to study its mechanical behavior and response under stress. This type of experiment is typically used to assess the stability, strength, and deformation characteristics of rock masses, as well as to predict their behavior under natural or engineering conditions.

[0004] Current stress loading experiments generally require the specimen to be processed into a rectangular block shape before the experiment, and then a uniform stress is applied to the surface of the rock mass. However, in some special cases, it is also necessary to apply gradient stress to the rock mass to study the mechanical properties of the rock mass specimen under gradient stress. However, current stress loading experimental devices often only enable rock mass experiments under a single environment, making it difficult to meet the needs of rock mass experiments under multiple environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To meet the stress loading test requirements of rock mass samples under various environments, this application provides a multi-purpose stress loading device and a triaxial test device.

[0006] Firstly, this application provides a multi-purpose stress loading device, which adopts the following technical solution: A multi-purpose stress loading device, comprising: A stress loading box is provided with an open side. A first stepped surface is formed inside the stress loading box along a first direction, which is perpendicular to the opening direction of the stress loading box. Multiple pressure blocks are arranged in abutting each other in a first direction in a stress loading box. Each pressure block is set on a surface corresponding to a first step surface. The pressure blocks are movably connected to the stress loading box along the opening direction of the stress loading box. The abutting sides of adjacent pressure blocks are formed with a semi-groove along the arrangement direction of the pressure blocks. Multiple springs are respectively set between each pressure block and each surface of the first stepped surface. The length of each spring changes with the step of the first stepped surface to push the multiple pressure blocks to extend to the side of the stress loading box. Multiple first locking pins are movably disposed in the stress loading box along the opening direction of the half-groove, and the first locking pins can be inserted into or disengaged between the half-grooves of adjacent pressure blocks.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, when uniform pressure needs to be applied to the rock mass surface, a thrust is applied to the back side of the stress loading box. Simultaneously, multiple first locking pins move and insert themselves between the two halves of the adjacent pressure blocks, thus defining the relative positions of both adjacent pressure blocks and the stress loading box. The pressure applied to the stress loading box is then directly transmitted to the surface of the rock mass sample through the multiple pressure blocks, resulting in uniform pressure on the rock mass surface. This allows for experiments to study the mechanical properties of the rock mass sample under uniform stress. When gradient stress needs to be applied to the rock mass surface, multiple first locking pins move to the plates detached from adjacent pressure blocks. Each pressure block can then move independently. Due to the different lengths of the multiple springs, when the stress loading box is pushed towards the rock mass surface, the combination of multiple springs of different lengths and multiple independent pressure blocks creates a gradient pressure distribution on the pressure surface of the rock mass sample, enabling experiments to study the mechanical properties of the rock mass sample under gradient stress. In summary, this achieves the goal of completing stress loading experiments on rock mass samples under various environments with a single machine.

[0008] Optional, also includes: Multiple sliders are arranged in a series of abutting positions within a stress loading chamber along a first direction. Each slider slides along the length of the stress loading chamber to make its outer sides flush or form a first stepped surface. The spring is fixed between the pressure block and the corresponding slider.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, multiple sliders are used to slide and cooperate in the stress loading box to form the first stepped surface. The outer sides of each pressure block can be kept flush by the springs to realize stress gradient testing. When multiple sliders slide sequentially to be flush with each other, the outer sides of each pressure block will be stepped by the drive of each spring. In this way, when pressure is applied to the rock mass sample by the stress loading box, the stress application requirements of the stepped rock mass can also be met.

[0010] Optional, also includes: Multiple second locking posts are arranged along the first direction in the stress loading box, each corresponding to a pressure block. The second locking posts slide in the stress loading box along the direction perpendicular to the movement of the pressure blocks. When the slider moves and causes each pressure block to move to a stepped shape on the outside of each pressure block, each of the second locking pins moves and can abut against each pressure block to limit the relative position of each pressure block and the stress loading box.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, when it is necessary to apply uniform pressure to the specimen with a stepped surface, the movement of each slider, through each spring, drives the movement of each pressure block, which can form a stepped surface on the outer side of each pressure block to adapt to the stepped pressure block. At this time, through the action of multiple second locking pins, each pressure block at this position can be abutted, thereby limiting the relative position of each pressure block and the stress loading box. In this state, the force applied to the stress loading box will also be directly applied to the surface of the stepped rock mass specimen through the sliders that maintain the stepped arrangement, so as to apply uniform stress to the rock mass specimen and complete the stress loading experiment of the stepped specimen.

[0012] Optional, also includes: Multiple top pillars, corresponding to each slider, are fixed to the bottom of the stress loading box; Multiple sliding holes are respectively opened in each slider to fit each top column; When the slider moves and causes each pressure block to move to a stepped shape on the outside of each pressure block, each top post can pass through the sliding hole of the corresponding slider and abut against each pressure block.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, when it is necessary to apply uniform pressure to the stepped surface of the test block, the movement of each slider, through each spring, drives the movement of each pressure block, which can form a stepped surface on the outer side of each pressure block to adapt to the stepped pressure block. At the same time, as the slider slides, each top column will also pass through the sliding hole of the slider and abut against each pressure block at this position, thereby limiting the relative position of each pressure block and the stress loading box. In this state, the force applied to the stress loading box will also be directly applied to the surface of the stepped rock mass sample through the slider that maintains the stepped arrangement, so as to apply uniform stress to the rock mass sample and complete the stress loading test of the stepped sample.

[0014] Optional, also includes: An oil cavity is formed between the multiple sliders and the bottom of the stress loading box; An oil tank is fixed to one side of the stress loading box and communicates with the oil cavity; An oil pump is connected between the oil tank and the oil chamber to transport oil between the oil tank and the oil chamber. After the oil is filled into the oil chamber by the oil tank, it can push the movement of each slider to the outside to form the first stepped surface. After the oil is filled into the oil tank by the oil chamber, it can push the movement of each slider to the outside to be flush.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, when multiple sliders need to be moved synchronously, the oil pump is turned on to transport oil between the oil tank and the oil chamber, which can drive multiple sliders to move relative to the stress loading box in order to adjust the relative position of each pressure block.

[0016] Optional, also includes: The pressure relief valve is located between the oil chamber and the oil tank; When the pressure inside the oil chamber exceeds a preset value, the pressure relief valve opens to send the oil in the oil tank into the oil tank.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, when the rock mass sample is subjected to gradient pressure test through the stress loading chamber, the reaction force of the rock mass sample will be transmitted to the slider through the pressure block and the compressed spring. The slider will then apply pressure to the oil in the oil chamber. However, if the spring is subjected to excessive pressure, it will directly lead to permanent damage to the spring. Therefore, the pressure relief valve is set up to release pressure when the oil in the oil chamber is subjected to pressure greater than the preset value. This allows the slider to move towards the bottom of the stress loading chamber, thereby releasing the pressure applied to the spring and preventing damage to the spring.

[0018] Optionally, an inspection door is provided on one side of the stress loading box, corresponding to the position of each spring; The spring is detachably connected between the pressure block and the slider.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the inspection door can be opened, the spring can be disassembled and replaced, ensuring normal operation or adapting to different operational needs.

[0020] Optional, also includes: The first link connects multiple first locking pins; The first telescopic cylinder, fixed to the stress loading box, is used to push the first connecting rod to move along the direction of the first locking pin.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the first telescopic cylinder drives the first connecting rod to move, which in turn drives multiple locking pins to move synchronously, so that multiple first locking pins can be inserted into the half-grooves of adjacent pressure blocks at the same time, locking the relative positions of adjacent pressure blocks and stress loading boxes.

[0022] Optional, also includes: The second link connects multiple second locking pins; The second telescopic cylinder, fixed to the stress loading box, is used to push the second connecting rod to move along the direction of the second locking pin.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the second telescopic cylinder drives the second connecting rod to move, which in turn drives multiple second locking pins to move synchronously, so that multiple second locking pins simultaneously abut against each pressure block, locking the relative position of each pressure block and the stress loading box.

[0024] Secondly, this application provides a triaxial experimental apparatus, which adopts the following technical solution: A triaxial experimental apparatus, including a multi-purpose stress loading device.

[0025] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. When uniform pressure needs to be applied to the rock mass surface, a thrust is applied to the back side of the stress loading box. Simultaneously, multiple first locking pins move and insert between the two halves of adjacent pressure blocks, thus defining the relative positions of adjacent pressure blocks and the relative positions of multiple pressure blocks and the stress loading box. The pressure applied to the stress loading box is then directly transmitted to the surface of the rock mass sample through the multiple pressure blocks, resulting in uniform pressure on the rock mass surface. This allows for experiments to study the mechanical properties of the rock mass sample under uniform stress. When gradient stress needs to be applied to the rock mass surface, multiple first locking pins move to the plates detached from adjacent pressure blocks. Each pressure block can then move independently. Due to the different lengths of the multiple springs, when the stress loading box is pushed towards the rock mass surface, the combination of multiple springs of different lengths and multiple independent pressure blocks creates a gradient pressure distribution on the pressure surface of the rock mass sample, enabling experiments to study the mechanical properties of the rock mass sample under gradient stress. In summary, this method achieves the requirement of performing stress loading experiments on rock mass samples under various environments with a single machine.

[0026] 2. When uniform pressure needs to be applied to the stepped surface of the specimen, the movement of each slider drives the movement of each pressure block through each spring, which can form a stepped surface on the outer side of each pressure block to adapt to the stepped pressure block. At this time, through the action of multiple second locking pins, each pressure block at this position can be abutted, thereby limiting the relative position of each pressure block and the stress loading box. In this state, the force applied to the stress loading box will also be directly applied to the surface of the stepped rock mass specimen through the sliders that maintain the stepped arrangement, so as to apply uniform stress to the rock mass specimen to complete the stress loading test of the stepped specimen. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a multi-purpose stress loading device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram highlighting the first locking column structure in a multi-purpose stress loading device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram highlighting the second locking column structure in a multi-purpose stress loading device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram highlighting the top column structure in a multi-purpose stress loading device according to an embodiment of the application.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Stress loading box; 11. Fitting groove; 12. Oil cavity; 13. First through hole; 14. Second through hole; 15. Top column; 16. Inspection door; 2. Slider; 21. Sliding hole; 3. Oil tank; 31. Oil pipe; 32. Oil pump; 33. Pressure relief valve; 4. Pressing block; 41. Half groove; 42. Locking groove; 5. Spring; 6. First locking pin; 61. First connecting rod; 62. First telescopic cylinder; 7. Second locking pin; 71. Second connecting rod; 72. Second telescopic cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-4 This application will be described in further detail.

[0030] This application discloses a multi-purpose stress loading device, applied in a triaxial processing device, for applying stress to the surface of a rock mass sample. The following description focuses on the stress loading chamber in operation: Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 A multi-purpose stress loading device includes a stress loading box 1, with one side open. Multiple sliders 2 are arranged inside the stress loading box 1 along a first direction, which is the length direction of the bottom surface of the stress loading box 1. The multiple sliders 2 are mutually sealed and abut against each other, and the sliding structure formed by the multiple sliders 2 is circumferentially sealed and abuts against the inner peripheral wall of the stress loading box 1. Each slider 2 slides along the opening direction of the stress loading box 1. The sliding direction of each slider 2 is its height direction, and the height of each slider 2 decreases sequentially along the first direction. The inner bottom surface of the stress loading box 1 is formed with mating grooves 11 adapted to each slider 2. When each slider 2 slides to the outside of the slider 2, that is, when the side of the slider 2 facing the mating groove 11 is inserted into the mating groove 11, the outside of the multiple sliders 2, that is, the side of the multiple sliders 2 facing the open side of the stress loading box 1, is flush. When each slider 2 slides towards the open side of the stress loading box 1 to its limit position, the inner sides of the multiple sliders 2 can remain flush, while the outer sides of the multiple sliders 2 are arranged in a stepped manner to form the first stepped surface.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 An oil cavity 12 is formed between multiple sliders 2 and the bottom of the stress loading box 1. An oil tank 3 is also fixed on the outside of the stress loading box 1. The oil tank 3 and the oil cavity 12 are connected by an oil pipe 31. An oil pump 32 is also fixed on the stress loading box 1. The oil pump 32 is connected to the oil pipe 31 and is used to transport oil between the oil tank 3 and the oil cavity 12.

[0032] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2When the oil pump 32 operates and pumps oil from the oil tank 3 to the oil cavity 12 of the stress loading box 1, after the oil fills the oil cavity 12, it can push multiple sliders 2 to move synchronously toward the open side of the stress loading box 1 to the limit position, so that the outer side of the multiple sliders 2 forms the first stepped surface; when the oil pump 32 operates and pumps oil from the oil cavity 12 of the stress loading box 1 to the oil tank 3, after the oil fills the oil tank 3, the negative pressure of the oil cavity 12 of the stress loading box 1 will drag multiple sliders 2 to move synchronously toward the direction of the oil cavity 12 until each slider 2 is inserted into the corresponding mating groove 11. At this time, the outer side of the multiple sliders 2 will remain flush.

[0033] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 Inside the stress loading box 1, there are also a plurality of mutually abutting pressure blocks 4 arranged along the first direction. The plurality of pressure blocks 4 have the same shape and size. The plurality of pressure blocks 4 are located on the side of the plurality of sliders 2 away from the oil cavity 12. Each pressure block 4 is respectively set to correspond to each slider 2. The plurality of pressure blocks 4 also slide in the stress loading box 1 along the opening direction of the oil tank 3, and the end of each pressure block 4 away from the slider 2 extends out of the stress loading box 1.

[0034] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 Each slider 2 and each pressure block 4 is fixed with a spring 5. Each spring 5 is set along the movement direction of the pressure block 4. The material and elastic force of each spring 5 are the same, only the length is different. The length of each spring 5 changes sequentially along the first direction so that when multiple sliders 2 slide to the outside to form a stepped surface, the multiple first springs 5 ​​are connected so that the outer side of multiple pressure blocks 4, that is, the side located in the stress loading box 1, can be aligned, so that multiple pressure blocks 4 can simultaneously contact the surface of the rock mass sample.

[0035] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 Thus, when it is necessary to apply gradient stress to the surface of the rock mass sample using this device, oil is pumped into the oil chamber 12 of the stress loading box 1 through the oil pump 32. Then, the stress loading box 1 is pushed towards the pressure surface of the rock mass sample, so that multiple pressure blocks 4 simultaneously abut against the surface of the rock mass sample. Since the lengths of the multiple springs 5 ​​are different, when the stress loading box 1 is pushed towards the rock mass surface, the multiple springs 5 ​​of different lengths and multiple independent pressure blocks 4 cooperate with each other to construct a gradient pressure distribution on the pressure surface of the rock mass sample, thereby enabling experiments to study the mechanical properties of the rock mass sample under gradient stress.

[0036] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2In addition, in other embodiments of this application, in order to avoid damage to the spring 5 due to excessive pressure, a pressure relief valve 33 is also connected between the oil tank 3 and the oil chamber 12. The opening pressure of the pressure relief valve 33 is preset according to the pressure limit of the spring 5. When the pressure in the oil chamber 12 exceeds the opening limit of the pressure relief valve 33, the pressure relief valve 33 opens, thereby allowing the oil in the oil chamber 12 of the stress loading box 1 to be sent to the oil tank 3.

[0037] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 Thus, when the rock mass sample is subjected to gradient pressure test through the stress loading box 1, the reaction force of the rock mass sample will be transmitted to the slider 2 through the pressure block 4 and the compressed spring 5. The slider 2 then applies pressure to the oil in the oil chamber 12. However, if the spring 5 is subjected to excessive pressure, it will directly lead to permanent damage to the spring 5. Therefore, the pressure relief valve 33 is set up to release pressure when the oil in the oil chamber 12 is subjected to pressure greater than the preset value. This allows the slider 2 to move towards the bottom of the stress loading box 1, thereby releasing the pressure applied to the spring 5 and preventing damage to the spring 5.

[0038] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 Furthermore, each pressure block 4 has a semi-groove 41 on the side that abuts against another pressure block 4 in a second direction, which is perpendicular to both the opening direction of the stress loading box 1 and the second direction. The cross-sectional shape of the semi-groove 41 can be V-shaped, semi-circular, or other shapes; in this embodiment, a semi-circular shape is used as an example. When adjacent pressure blocks 4 move to be flush with their outer sides, the semi-grooves 41 between adjacent pressure blocks 4 can be spliced ​​into a complete groove. A first through hole 13 is also provided on one side of the stress loading box 1, and a first locking pin 6 slides in each first through hole 13. Multiple first locking pins 6 are located on the same plane, and each first locking pin 6 corresponds to the complete groove spliced ​​between adjacent pressure blocks 4. That is, when the oil cavity 12 is filled with oil, keeping the outer sides of each pressure block 4 flush, pushing each first locking pin 6 allows a portion of each first locking pin 6 to be inserted into the complete groove of the adjacent pressure block 4, thereby fixing the relative position between the multiple pressure blocks 4 and the stress loading box 1, so as to keep the multiple pressure blocks 4 able to move synchronously with the stress loading box 1.

[0039] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 Each of the first locking pins 6 extends from a section away from the pressure block 4 into a stress loading box 1. A first connecting rod 61 is fixed to one end of the stress loading box 1. A first telescopic cylinder 62 is also fixed to the outside of the stress loading box 1. The telescopic rod of the first telescopic cylinder 62 is fixed to the first connecting rod 61. Thus, the first telescopic cylinder 62 drives the first connecting rod 61 to move, which can drive the multiple locking pins to move synchronously, so that the multiple first locking pins 6 can be inserted into the half groove 41 of the adjacent pressure block 4 at the same time, locking the relative position of the adjacent pressure block 4 and the stress loading box 1.

[0040] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 When it is necessary to apply uniform pressure to the surface of the rock mass, oil is filled into the oil chamber 12 of the stress loading box 1 to keep the outer sides of each pressure block 4 flush. A thrust is applied to the back side of the stress loading box 1. At the same time, multiple first locking pins 6 move and are inserted between the two half grooves 41 of adjacent pressure blocks 4, thereby limiting the relative position between adjacent pressure blocks 4 on the one hand, and limiting the relative position between multiple pressure blocks 4 and the stress loading box 1 on the other hand. At this time, the pressure applied to the stress loading box 1 will be directly transmitted to the surface of the rock mass sample through multiple pressure blocks 4, so that the surface of the rock mass is subjected to uniform pressure, and the mechanical properties of the rock mass sample under uniform stress can be studied experimentally.

[0041] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 Furthermore, the stress loading box 1 has multiple second through holes 14 on its vertical side, and each of the multiple second through holes 14 has a sliding second locking pin 7. The multiple second locking pins 7 are arranged along the first direction, and each second locking pin 7 is also arranged along the second direction. When the oil pump 32 pumps the oil in the oil chamber 12 of the stress loading box 1 to the oil tank 3, the slider 2 moves towards the oil chamber 12 to the limit position. At this time, the pressure blocks 4 are arranged in a stepped manner on the outside due to the pull of the spring 5. Then, by moving the second locking pins 7 towards the pressure blocks 4, the multiple second locking pins 7 can abut against one side of each pressure block 4 to limit the relative position of each pressure block 4 and the stress loading box 1. In order to improve the locking stability of the second locking pins 7 and the pressure blocks 4, the part of each pressure block 4 that abuts against the second locking pins 7 can also be provided with a locking groove 42. The second locking pins 7 can be inserted into the locking grooves 42 of each pressure block 4 to limit the relative position of the second locking pins 7 and the pressure blocks 4 in this state.

[0042] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 Similarly, multiple second locking pins 7 extend outward from the opposite end of the pressure block 4 from the outside of the stress loading box 1, and a second connecting rod 71 is fixed to one end of each second locking pin 7 extending out of the stress loading box 1. A second telescopic cylinder 72 is also fixed to the outside of the stress loading box 1, and the telescopic rod of the second telescopic cylinder 72 is fixed to the second connecting rod 71. The second telescopic cylinder 72 drives the second connecting rod 71 to move, which can drive multiple second locking pins 7 to move synchronously, so that multiple second locking pins 7 simultaneously abut against each pressure block 4, locking the relative position of each pressure block 4 and the stress loading box 1.

[0043] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3Thus, since the shape of the rock mass sample can be adjusted according to different test requirements, when it is necessary to apply uniform pressure to the rock mass sample with a stepped surface, each slider 2 moves, and each spring 5 drives each pressure block 4 to move, so that the outer side of each pressure block 4 forms a stepped surface to adapt to the stepped pressure block 4. At this time, by the action of multiple second locking pins 7, they can abut against each pressure block 4 at this position, thereby limiting the relative position of each pressure block 4 and the stress loading box 1. In this state, the force applied to the stress loading box 1 will also be directly applied to the surface of the stepped rock mass sample through the sliders 2 that maintain the stepped arrangement, so as to apply uniform stress to the rock mass sample to complete the stress loading test of the stepped sample.

[0044] Reference Figure 4 Furthermore, in other embodiments of the application, the top post 15 may be used to replace the second locking post 7.

[0045] Reference Figure 4 Specifically, the bottom surface of the oil cavity 12 of the stress loading chamber 1 is fixed with multiple top columns 15. The length direction of each top column 15 is the same as the sliding direction of the slider 2. Each slider 2 has a sliding hole 21 that passes through the top column 15 along its length direction. Each top column 15 is inserted into the corresponding sliding hole 21, and each top column 15 is sealed and abuts against the hole wall of the sliding hole 21. When the slider 2 slides towards the oil cavity 12 to its limit position, the end of each top column 15 will pass through each slider 2 and abut against the pressure block 4 on the outside of the corresponding slider 2, thereby restricting the movement of the pressure block 4 towards the oil cavity 12, thus maintaining a stepped arrangement on the outside of each pressure block 4. In this state, the force applied to the stress loading chamber 1 will also be directly applied to the surface of the stepped rock mass sample through the stepped slider 2, so as to apply uniform stress to the rock mass sample to complete the stress loading experiment of the stepped sample.

[0046] Reference Figure 1 In other embodiments of this application, to facilitate the replacement and maintenance of springs 5, an inspection door 16 can be provided on one side of the stress loading box 1. The inspection door 16 corresponds to the position of multiple springs 5, and both ends of springs 5 ​​are fixed to slider 2 and pressure block 4 in a detachable connection direction. Specifically, connecting plates (not shown in the figure) can be fixed to both ends of springs 5, and the connecting plates are connected to pressure block 4 and slider 2 by bolts.

[0047] Thus, when spring 5 needs to be replaced, the inspection door 16 is opened, the connecting plate is disassembled between the pressure block 4 and the slider 2, and spring 5 can be removed for replacement and adjustment.

[0048] The implementation principle of the multi-purpose stress loading device in this application embodiment is as follows: When it is necessary to apply uniform pressure to the surface of the rock mass, a thrust is applied to the back side of the stress loading box 1. At the same time, multiple first locking pins 6 move and insert between the two half slots 41 of adjacent pressure blocks 4, thereby limiting the relative position between adjacent pressure blocks 4 and the relative position between multiple pressure blocks 4 and the stress loading box 1. At this time, the pressure applied to the stress loading box 1 will be directly transmitted to the surface of the rock mass sample through multiple pressure blocks 4, so that the surface of the rock mass is subjected to uniform pressure, thus realizing the mechanical property research experiment of the rock mass sample under uniform stress. When it is necessary to apply gradient stress to the surface of the rock mass, multiple first locking pins 6 move to the plates that are separated from adjacent pressure blocks 4. At this time, each pressure block 4 can move independently. Since the lengths of multiple springs 5 ​​are different, when pushing the stress loading box 1 towards the surface of the rock mass, the multiple springs 5 ​​of different lengths and multiple independent pressure blocks 4 cooperate with each other to construct a gradient distribution pressure on the pressure surface of the rock mass sample, thereby realizing the mechanical property research experiment of the rock mass sample under gradient stress. In summary, it meets the requirement of being able to perform stress loading experiments on rock samples under various environments with a single machine.

[0049] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A multi-purpose stress loading device, characterized in that, include: The stress loading box (1) is open on one side. A first stepped surface is formed inside the stress loading box (1) along a first direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the opening direction of the stress loading box (1). Multiple pressure blocks (4) are arranged in the stress loading box (1) in abutting each other along the first direction. Each pressure block (4) is set on each surface of the first step surface. The pressure blocks (4) are movably connected to the stress loading box (1) along the opening direction of the stress loading box (1). The abutting sides of adjacent pressure blocks (4) are formed with a semi-groove (41) along the arrangement direction of the pressure blocks (4). Multiple springs (5) are respectively disposed between each pressure block (4) and each surface of the first stepped surface. The length of each spring (5) changes with the step of the first stepped surface to push the multiple pressure blocks (4) to extend to the side of the stress loading box (1) and be flush with it. Multiple first locking pins (6) are movably disposed in the stress loading box (1) along the opening direction of the half groove (41). The first locking pins (6) can be inserted into or detached from the half groove (41) of the adjacent pressure block (4). Also includes: Multiple sliders (2) are arranged in a series of contacting objects in the stress loading box (1) along the first direction. The multiple sliders (2) slide along the opening direction of the stress loading box (1) so that the outer sides of the multiple sliders (2) are flush or form a first stepped surface. The spring (5) is fixed between the pressure block (4) and the corresponding slider (2). Multiple second locking pins (7) are arranged in the stress loading box (1) along the first direction and are respectively set for each pressure block (4). The second locking pins (7) slide in the stress loading box (1) along the direction of movement perpendicular to the pressure block (4). When the slider (2) slides and drives each pressure block (4) to move to the outside of the box in a stepped shape, each of the second locking pins (7) moves and can abut against each pressure block (4) to limit the relative position of each pressure block (4) and the stress loading box (1).

2. The multi-purpose stress loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Multiple top columns (15) are set corresponding to each slider (2) and are fixed to the bottom of the stress loading box (1); Multiple sliding holes (21) are respectively opened on each slider (2) and adapted to each top post (15); When the slider (2) slides and drives each pressure block (4) to move to the outside of each pressure block (4) in a stepped shape, each top post (15) can pass through the sliding hole (21) of the corresponding slider (2) and abut against each pressure block (4).

3. The multi-purpose stress loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: An oil cavity (12) is formed between the bottom of the plurality of said sliders (2) and the stress loading box (1); The oil tank (3) is fixed to one side of the stress loading box (1) and is connected to the oil cavity (12); An oil pump (32) is connected between the oil tank (3) and the oil chamber (12) to transport oil between the oil tank (3) and the oil chamber (12); After the oil is filled into the oil chamber (12) by the oil tank (3), it can push each slider (2) to move to the outside to form the first stepped surface. After the oil is filled into the oil tank (3) by the oil chamber (12), it can push each slider (2) to move to the outside to be flush.

4. The multi-purpose stress loading device according to claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: A pressure relief valve (33) is located between the oil chamber (12) and the oil tank (3); When the pressure in the oil chamber (12) exceeds the preset value, the pressure relief valve (33) opens to send the oil in the oil chamber (12) to the oil tank (3).

5. A multi-purpose stress loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stress loading box (1) is provided with an inspection door (16) on one side, corresponding to the position of each spring (5).

6. The multi-purpose stress loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The first link (61) connects to multiple first locking pins (6); The first telescopic cylinder (62) is fixed to the stress loading box (1) and is used to push the first connecting rod (61) to move along the direction of the first locking pin (6).

7. A multi-purpose stress loading device according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: The second link (71) connects to multiple second locking pins (7); The second telescopic cylinder (72) is fixed to the stress loading box (1) and is used to push the second connecting rod (71) to move along the direction of the second locking pin (7).

8. A triaxial experimental apparatus, comprising the multipurpose stress loading device as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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