Forming dies and forming methods for large forgings with multi-section trapezoidal straight billets

Abstract

This invention discloses a forming mold and forming method for a large multi-section trapezoidal straight billet forging, relating to the field of metal material forming technology. The mold includes a lower anvil, a lower anvil, an upper flat anvil, and two insert blocks. The lower anvil is installed within the lower anvil and has a forming groove that penetrates the lower anvil in a first direction. The two insert blocks are respectively positioned near the two inner walls of the forming groove and are arranged along a second direction, perpendicular to the first direction. A billet is placed between the two insert blocks. The shape of the side of the insert block that contacts the billet is consistent with the sidewall shape of the large multi-section trapezoidal straight billet forging to be formed. The upper flat anvil is used to extrude the billet from top to bottom and form the large multi-section trapezoidal straight billet forging. This forming mold and forming method for the large multi-section trapezoidal straight billet forging can realize the forging forming of large multi-section trapezoidal straight billets.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal material forming technology, specifically to a forming mold and forming method for a large forging of a multi-section trapezoidal straight billet. Background Technology

[0002] Large forgings with multi-section trapezoidal straight blanks, such as Figures 1-4 As shown, the structure features a multi-segment trapezoidal cross-section, which is an asymmetrical shape for free forging of large forgings. It cannot be formed by free forging and drawing, and as a large forging, it cannot be formed by closed-die pressing, as the material strength and press load cannot meet the requirements of closed-die pressing. During the forming process of the trapezoidal straight billet, the billet will generate extremely high normal pressure and lateral shear force, easily causing normal pressure fracture or shear failure of the die. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a forming mold and forming method for a large forging of a multi-section trapezoidal straight billet, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art and realize the forging forming of a large forging of a multi-section trapezoidal straight billet.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0005] This invention provides a forming die for a large multi-section trapezoidal straight billet forging, comprising a lower anvil, a lower anvil, an upper flat anvil, and two insert blocks. The lower anvil is installed in the lower anvil and has a forming groove that extends through it in a first direction. The two insert blocks are respectively positioned close to the two inner walls of the forming groove and are arranged along a second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction. A billet is placed between the two insert blocks. The shape of the side of each insert block that contacts the billet is consistent with the sidewall shape of the large multi-section trapezoidal straight billet forging to be formed. The upper flat anvil is used to compress the billet from top to bottom and form the large multi-section trapezoidal straight billet forging.

[0006] Preferably, the lower anvil has a receiving groove in the middle, the receiving groove extends through the lower anvil in the first direction, the receiving groove is used to place the lower anvil, the lower outer wall of the lower anvil can fit against the inner wall of the receiving groove, and the upper end of the lower anvil can extend upward through the receiving groove.

[0007] Preferably, a limiting protrusion is provided on each of the two opposite inner walls of the receiving groove, and a limiting groove is provided on the outer wall of the lower anvil corresponding to the position of each limiting protrusion. The limiting groove is vertically arranged, and the limiting protrusion can be slidably connected to the limiting groove.

[0008] Preferably, a support protrusion is fixed on the bottom surface of the lower anvil, and the lower end surface of the support protrusion is used to contact the inner bottom surface of the receiving groove. Two pads are also placed on the inner bottom surface of the receiving groove, and the two pads are located on both sides of the support protrusion and are used to support the bottom surface of the lower anvil.

[0009] Preferably, the longitudinal section of the upper part of the lower anvil is trapezoidal, the longitudinal section of the forming groove is trapezoidal, and the acute angle between the sidewall of the forming groove and the vertical direction is not less than 9°.

[0010] Preferably, the bottom surface of the forming groove has two mounting grooves, and one mounting groove corresponds to one insert block, with the lower end of each insert block embedded in the mounting groove.

[0011] Preferably, the shape of the side wall of the insert block that contacts the lower anvil is consistent with the shape of the inner wall of the forming groove, and the acute angle between the side wall of the insert block that contacts the lower anvil and the vertical direction is not less than 9°.

[0012] Preferably, two sets of blocks are fixed on each inner sidewall of the forming groove. The two sets of blocks on the same sidewall are arranged along the first direction and are located on both sides of the insert block and are used to limit the insert block in the first direction. The blocks in the same group are arranged along the length direction of the insert block.

[0013] Preferably, a circular sleeve is fitted around the outer periphery of the lower anvil, and the circular sleeve is interference-fitted with the lower anvil.

[0014] The present invention also provides a forming method for a large forging of a multi-section trapezoidal straight billet, using the forming mold of the large forging of a multi-section trapezoidal straight billet as described in any of the above technical solutions, comprising the following steps:

[0015] S1, heat the billet and hold it at a sufficient temperature, then forge the billet into a flat rectangular cross-section straight billet through free forging;

[0016] S2, assemble and position the forming mold for large forgings with multi-section trapezoidal straight blanks;

[0017] S3, the flat rectangular cross-section straight billet is heated and kept at a sufficient temperature, and the billet is forged using the forming die of the multi-section trapezoidal straight billet large forging. The forging process is divided into the following two stages:

[0018] S31, First stage: Press the lower end face of the flat rectangular cross-section straight blank into the bottom of the forming groove, and use the upper flat anvil to press the flat rectangular cross-section straight blank downward to form a trapezoidal wedge head;

[0019] S32, Second stage: The trapezoidal wedge is placed at the bottom of the forming groove for multiple forging passes. The upper flat anvil is used to press the trapezoidal wedge downwards, increasing the width of the trapezoidal wedge cross-section and gradually filling the cavity between the two inserts. At the same time, the length of the trapezoidal wedge is also continuously extended. After each forging pass, the trapezoidal wedge is moved forward towards the anvil until the lower end face of the upper flat anvil contacts the upper end face of the insert, and the trapezoidal wedge fills the cavity between the two inserts, resulting in a large forging of a multi-section trapezoidal straight billet.

[0020] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art:

[0021] The present invention provides a forming mold and forming method for a large forging of a multi-section trapezoidal straight billet. The lower anvil is the main component bearing the forming load and is installed inside the lower anvil seat. During the forming process, the lower anvil is supported by the side wall of the lower anvil seat to avoid shearing damage to the lower anvil caused by the lateral resistance of the billet, which would affect its service life and forming efficiency. A forming groove is provided on the lower anvil, which can penetrate the lower anvil in a first direction to facilitate billet feeding. Two inserts are installed in the forming groove and are respectively set close to the two inner walls of the forming groove, and the two inserts are arranged along a second direction. The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and the two inserts are separated by a... The blank is placed in a mold, and during the actual processing, different inserts can be replaced according to the cross-sectional dimensions of the multi-section trapezoidal straight billet forging to meet the forming requirements. The shape of the side of the insert used to contact the blank is consistent with the side wall shape of the multi-section trapezoidal straight billet forging to be formed. The upper flat anvil is used to extrude the blank from top to bottom and form the multi-section trapezoidal straight billet forging. Then, when the blank is pressed down by the upper flat anvil, the blank is deformed between the inner bottom surface of the upper flat anvil and the lower anvil and the two inserts. Under the limitation of the above components, it is deformed into a forming mold of multi-section trapezoidal straight billet forging with the required shape and size. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a large forging with a multi-section trapezoidal straight billet;

[0024] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Sectional view at point AA;

[0025] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Sectional view at point BB;

[0026] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Sectional view at CC;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the forming mold for the large multi-section trapezoidal straight billet forging in Example 1;

[0028] Figure 6 This is the front view of the insert block in Embodiment 1;

[0029] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 The left view;

[0030] Figure 8 yes Figure 6 Top view;

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the lower anvil structure in Example 1;

[0032] Figure 10 yes Figure 9 The left view;

[0033] Figure 11 yes Figure 9 Top view;

[0034] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the ring sleeve structure in Embodiment 1;

[0035] Figure 13 yes Figure 12 The left view;

[0036] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the lower anvil in Embodiment 1;

[0037] Figure 15 yes Figure 14 The left view;

[0038] Figure 16 yes Figure 14 Top view;

[0039] Figure 17 This is a step diagram of the forming method of the large forging of multi-section trapezoidal straight billet in Example 2;

[0040] In the figure: 100 - forming mold for large forging of multi-section trapezoidal straight billet, 1 - upper flat anvil, 2 - stop block, 3 - insert block, 4 - lower anvil, 41 - pad groove, 42 - forming groove, 43 - support protrusion, 44 - limiting groove, 5 - pad block, 6 - circular ring sleeve, 7 - lower anvil seat, 71 - receiving groove, 72 - limiting protrusion, 200 - large forging of multi-section trapezoidal straight billet, 300 - billet. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] The purpose of this invention is to provide a forming mold and forming method for large forgings with multi-section trapezoidal straight blanks, so as to solve the technical problem of difficult forming of large forgings with multi-section trapezoidal straight blanks.

[0043] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] like Figure 5-16 As shown, this embodiment provides a forming die 100 for a large multi-section trapezoidal straight billet forging, including a lower anvil 7, a lower anvil 4, an upper flat anvil 1, and two insert blocks 3. The lower anvil 4 is the main component bearing the forming load and is installed inside the lower anvil 7. During the forming process, the lower anvil 4 is supported by the side wall of the lower anvil 7 to prevent shearing damage to the lower anvil 4 caused by the lateral resistance of the billet 300, which would affect its service life and forming efficiency. A forming groove 42 is provided on the lower anvil 4, which can penetrate the lower anvil 4 in a first direction to facilitate the feeding of the billet 300. The two insert blocks 3 are installed in the forming groove 42 and are respectively set close to the two inner walls of the forming groove 42. The two insert blocks 3 are arranged along a second direction, which is perpendicular to the second direction. The first direction is the axial direction of the large multi-section trapezoidal straight billet forging 200, and the second direction is the direction of the axial direction of the multi-section trapezoidal straight billet forging 200. The radial direction of the trapezoidal straight billet large forging 200 is parallel to the horizontal direction, and the two inserts 3 are used to place the billet 300. In actual processing, different inserts 3 can be replaced according to the cross-sectional dimensions of the multi-section trapezoidal straight billet large forging 200 to meet the forming requirements. The shape of the side of the insert 3 that contacts the billet 300 is consistent with the side wall shape of the multi-section trapezoidal straight billet large forging 200 to be formed. The upper flat anvil 1 is used to extrude the billet 300 from top to bottom and form the multi-section trapezoidal straight billet large forging 200. Then, when the billet 300 is pressed down by the upper flat anvil 1, the billet 300 is deformed between the inner bottom surface of the upper flat anvil 1 and the lower anvil 4 and the two inserts 3. Under the limitation of the above components, it is deformed into the forming mold 100 of the multi-section trapezoidal straight billet large forging with the required shape and size.

[0046] Specifically, a receiving groove 71 is provided in the middle of the lower anvil seat 7. The upper end of the receiving groove 71 is open and the receiving groove 71 passes through the lower anvil seat 7 in the first direction, thereby facilitating the feeding of the billet 300. The receiving groove 71 is used to place the lower anvil 4. The lower outer wall of the lower anvil 4 can fit against the inner wall of the receiving groove 71, thereby supporting the two sides of the lower anvil 4 through the inner side wall of the receiving groove 71. The upper end of the lower anvil 4 can extend upward through the receiving groove 71 so as to cooperate with the upper flat anvil 1 and the insert block 3 to extrude the billet 300.

[0047] Each of the two opposing inner walls of the receiving groove 71 is provided with a limiting protrusion 72. The limiting protrusion 72 is elongated and its length direction is consistent with the vertical direction. A limiting groove 44 is provided on the outer wall of the lower anvil 4 corresponding to the position of each limiting protrusion 72. The limiting groove 44 is vertically arranged. The limiting protrusion 72 can slide in the limiting groove 44. When the lower anvil 4 is placed into the receiving groove 71 from top to bottom, the lower anvil 4 is connected to the lower anvil seat 7 through the cooperation of the limiting groove 44 and the limiting protrusion 72, and the lower anvil 4 is prevented from shaking in the first direction during the forming process, which would affect the forming effect.

[0048] A support protrusion 43 is fixed on the bottom surface of the lower anvil 4. The lower end of the support protrusion 43 is used to contact the inner bottom surface of the receiving groove 71. Two pads 5 are also placed on the inner bottom surface of the receiving groove 71. The two pads 5 are located on both sides of the support protrusion 43 and are used to support the bottom surface of the lower anvil 4. A pad groove 41 is also opened on the bottom surface of the lower anvil 4 corresponding to the position of each pad 5. The upper end of the pad 5 is embedded in the pad groove 41, and the height of the pad 5 is slightly higher than the height of the support protrusion 43. This allows the pads 5 to provide sufficient vertical positive support to the lower anvil 4 when the lower anvil 4 is subjected to great positive pressure during the forming process, thereby improving the positive pressure bearing capacity of the lower anvil 4.

[0049] The longitudinal section of the upper part of the lower anvil 4 is trapezoidal, and the longitudinal section of the forming groove 42 is trapezoidal, which allows the insert block 3 to slide along the inclined surface of the forming groove 42, avoiding the jamming phenomenon during the forming process. The acute angle between the side wall of the forming groove 42 and the vertical direction is not less than 9°, which can prevent the insert block 3 from frictionally locking with the lower anvil 4.

[0050] Two mounting slots are provided on the bottom surface of the forming groove 42, and one mounting slot corresponds to one insert 3. The lower end of each insert 3 is embedded in the mounting slot to ensure connection stability.

[0051] The side wall shape of the insert 3 that contacts the lower anvil 4 is consistent with the inner wall shape of the forming groove 42, which can achieve stable fit. The insert 3 can slide up and down along the inner wall of the forming groove 42. The acute angle between the side wall of the insert 3 that contacts the lower anvil 4 and the vertical direction is not less than 9°, so as to avoid friction self-locking between the insert 3 and the lower anvil 4. The insert 3 is a replaceable part. During the design, multiple sets of inserts 3 of different sizes can be designed to be suitable for the forging of large forgings of multi-section trapezoidal straight billets with different cross-sectional sizes and shapes.

[0052] Two sets of stop blocks 2 are fixed on each inner sidewall of the forming groove 42. The two sets of stop blocks 2 located on the same sidewall are arranged along the first direction and are located on both sides of the insert block 3 to limit the insert block 3 in the first direction. Preferably, the distance between two stop blocks 2 located on the same sidewall and at the same height is slightly greater than the width of the insert block 3 at this height, but not greater than 1.05 times the width of the insert block 3 at this height, so as to avoid the insert block 3 from swaying back and forth during the forming process of the multi-section trapezoidal straight billet large forging 200, which would affect the forming dimensional accuracy. The stop blocks 2 in the same group are arranged along the length direction of the insert block 3, thereby limiting the insert block 3 at different positions. The distance between two stop blocks 2 located on different sidewalls and at opposite heights is greater than the maximum width of the multi-section trapezoidal straight billet large forging 200 to be formed at this height, thereby avoiding any obstruction to the cross-sectional dimensions of the multi-section trapezoidal straight billet large forging 200.

[0053] The lower anvil 7 is also fitted with a circular ring sleeve 6 on its outer periphery. The circular ring sleeve 6 is a pre-tightening component, and the circular ring sleeve 6 is interference-fitted with the lower anvil 7 to provide sufficient pre-tightening force for the forming die 100 of the multi-section trapezoidal straight billet large forging, thereby strengthening the overall tensile and shear resistance.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] like Figure 17 As shown, this embodiment provides a forming method for a large multi-section trapezoidal straight billet forging 200. Using the forming mold 100 of the large multi-section trapezoidal straight billet forging from Embodiment 1, and in conjunction with a 10,000-ton press, the forging is completed by drawing the die, including the following steps:

[0056] S1, heat the billet 300 to 1200℃ and hold it at that temperature for a sufficient amount of time. Then, forge the billet 300 into a flat square cross-section straight billet with the required dimensions of the multi-section trapezoidal straight billet large forging 200 through free forging.

[0057] S2, assemble and position the forming mold 100 for the large forging of the multi-section trapezoidal straight billet to ensure accurate positioning;

[0058] S3, the flat rectangular cross-section straight billet is heated to 1200℃ and held at that temperature for a sufficient period of time. The billet 300 is then forged using a forming die 100 for large forgings with multi-section trapezoidal straight billets. The forging process is divided into the following two stages:

[0059] S31, the first stage, only the lower end face of the flat rectangular cross-section straight billet is pressed into the bottom of the forming groove 42, so that the bottom of the flat rectangular cross-section straight billet is squeezed to a width that matches the width of the lower end face of the required multi-section trapezoidal straight billet large forging 200, forming a trapezoidal wedge. Since the deformation and pressing amount of the billet 300 are small in this stage, only the bottom sides of the billet 300 are slightly squeezed. Therefore, the billet 300 is not prone to forming problems such as twisting during this process. At the same time, the size and shape of the lower end of the billet 300 are changed to match the bottom between the two inserts 3. In the subsequent forging process, the bottom of the billet 300 can connect with the bottom between the two inserts 3, so that it can maintain axial stability and not twist during the forming process.

[0060] S32, the second stage, the trapezoidal wedge is placed at the bottom of the forming groove 42 for multi-pass forging. The upper flat anvil 1 is used to press the trapezoidal wedge downward, so that the cross-sectional width of the trapezoidal wedge increases and gradually fills the cavity between the two inserts 3. At the same time, the length of the trapezoidal wedge also extends continuously. During the forging process, the vertical deformation of the cross-section in each pass is ≤100mm. By controlling the deformation of a single pass, problems such as the distortion of the billet 300 caused by excessive deformation in a single pass are avoided. After each forging is completed, the trapezoidal wedge is moved forward to the anvil. The amount of forward movement should be ≥1 / 3 of the width of the forming mold 100 of the multi-section trapezoidal straight billet large forging in the first direction. Through segmented multi-pass forging, the upper flat anvil 1 is connected to the top of the insert 3, and the trapezoidal wedge fills the cavity between the two inserts 3, thus obtaining the multi-section trapezoidal straight billet large forging 200.

[0061] Figure 1 The width of section BB in S1 has already met the dimensional requirements, and this section will not be forged again in subsequent steps. During the forging process in S31 and S32, after completing one section of forging, the billet 300 is lifted and fed forward axially, passing over... Figure 1 In the BB section area, another area is forged and formed, and finally the entire multi-section trapezoidal straight billet large forging 200 is formed.

[0062] This specification uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A forming die for a large forging of a multi-section trapezoidal straight billet, characterized in that: The device includes a lower anvil, a lower anvil, an upper flat anvil, and two insert blocks. The lower anvil is installed inside the lower anvil and has a forming groove that can penetrate the lower anvil in a first direction. The two insert blocks are respectively located near the two inner walls of the forming groove and are arranged along a second direction. The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction. A blank is placed between the two insert blocks. The shape of the side of the insert block that contacts the blank is consistent with the side wall shape of the large multi-section trapezoidal straight billet to be formed. The upper flat anvil is used to extrude the blank from top to bottom and form the large multi-section trapezoidal straight billet. The lower anvil has a receiving groove in the middle, which extends through the lower anvil in the first direction. The receiving groove is used to place the lower anvil. The lower outer wall of the lower anvil can fit against the inner wall of the receiving groove, and the upper end of the lower anvil can extend upward through the receiving groove. Each of the two opposing inner walls of the receiving groove is provided with a limiting protrusion, and a limiting groove is provided on the outer wall of the lower anvil corresponding to the position of each limiting protrusion. The limiting groove is vertically arranged, and the limiting protrusion can be slidably connected to the limiting groove. The lower bottom surface of the lower anvil is fixed with a support protrusion. The lower end surface of the support protrusion is used to contact the inner bottom surface of the receiving groove. Two pads are also placed on the inner bottom surface of the receiving groove. The two pads are located on both sides of the support protrusion and are used to support the lower bottom surface of the lower anvil. Two mounting slots are formed on the bottom surface of the forming groove, and one mounting slot corresponds to one insert block. The lower end of each insert block is embedded in the mounting slot.

2. The forming die for a large multi-section trapezoidal straight billet as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The longitudinal section of the upper part of the lower anvil is trapezoidal, the longitudinal section of the forming groove is trapezoidal, and the acute angle between the side wall of the forming groove and the vertical direction is not less than 9°.

3. The forming die for a large multi-section trapezoidal straight billet as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The shape of the side wall of the insert block that contacts the lower anvil is consistent with the shape of the inner wall of the forming groove, and the acute angle between the side wall of the insert block that contacts the lower anvil and the vertical direction is not less than 9°.

4. The forming die for a large multi-section trapezoidal straight billet as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Two sets of blocks are fixed on each inner sidewall of the forming groove. The two sets of blocks on the same sidewall are arranged along the first direction and are located on both sides of the insert block to limit the insert block in the first direction. The blocks in the same group are arranged along the length of the insert block.

5. The forming die for a large multi-section trapezoidal straight billet as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The lower anvil is also fitted with a circular sleeve around its outer periphery, and the circular sleeve is interference-fitted with the lower anvil.

6. A method for forming a large forging of a multi-section trapezoidal straight billet, characterized in that: The forming die for the large multi-section trapezoidal straight forging as described in any one of claims 1-5 includes the following steps: S1, heat the billet and hold it at a sufficient temperature, then forge the billet into a flat rectangular cross-section straight billet through free forging; S2, assemble and position the forming mold for large forgings with multi-section trapezoidal straight blanks; S3, the flat rectangular cross-section straight billet is heated and kept at a sufficient temperature, and the billet is forged using the forming die of the multi-section trapezoidal straight billet large forging. The forging process is divided into the following two stages: S31, First stage: Press the lower end face of the flat rectangular cross-section straight blank into the bottom of the forming groove, and use the upper flat anvil to press the flat rectangular cross-section straight blank downward to form a trapezoidal wedge head; S32, Second stage: The trapezoidal wedge is placed at the bottom of the forming groove for multiple forging passes. The upper flat anvil is used to press the trapezoidal wedge downwards, increasing the width of the trapezoidal wedge cross-section and gradually filling the cavity between the two inserts. At the same time, the length of the trapezoidal wedge is also continuously extended. After each forging pass, the trapezoidal wedge is moved forward towards the anvil until the lower end face of the upper flat anvil contacts the upper end face of the insert, and the trapezoidal wedge fills the cavity between the two inserts, resulting in a large forging of a multi-section trapezoidal straight billet.

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