A multi-mode electric excavator

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-mode electric excavator, and relates to the technical field of electric excavators, which comprises a machine body, a control unit, a bucket, a battery box assembly, a running assembly and a steering wheel, the running assembly and the steering wheel are fixedly connected at the bottom, one end of the steering wheel away from the running assembly is fixedly connected with the machine body, the battery box assembly is arranged in the machine body, the battery box assembly is connected with the running assembly through wires, the battery box assembly is connected with the control unit through wires, the control unit is fixedly connected with the front end of the machine body, the bucket is fixedly connected with one end of the control unit away from the machine body, and a camera is arranged on the side of the machine body close to the control unit. The airflow guide unit of the application prolongs the buffering time of steering inertia by continuously deforming the folding air bag, reduces the impact force on the battery pack in unit time, improves the stability of the battery pack, and converts the steering impact force of the battery pack into the kinetic energy of the heat exchange airflow, so that the battery pack heat accumulation problem is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electric excavator technology, specifically a multi-mode electric excavator. Background Technology

[0002] Excavators are earthmoving machines that use a bucket to dig materials above or below the machine's bearing surface and unload them into a stockpile or load them into a transport vehicle. Currently, most excavators are large machines, while miniaturized excavators have good application prospects for individual use and have become an important development direction for excavators. However, existing miniaturized excavators have many technical problems and cannot meet the needs of users.

[0003] Privately owned mini excavators are mainly used on farms, where the load requirements are not high, making electric drive more convenient. However, excavators often turn during operation, and the battery pack is susceptible to impacts from large turns. Furthermore, the battery pack is prone to overheating during continuous digging, affecting the excavator's lifespan.

[0004] When miniature excavators travel on field roads, the uneven terrain causes them to experience significant bumps and jolts, resulting in soil erosion and further exacerbating the unevenness of the roads. Furthermore, due to their limited weight and size, miniature excavators are prone to slipping and tipping over on muddy field roads, and existing excavators lack effective solutions to these problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-mode electric excavator to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides the following technical solution: a multi-mode electric excavator, comprising a body, a control unit, a bucket, a battery pack assembly, a travel assembly, and a steering wheel. The travel assembly and the bottom of the steering wheel are securely connected. The end of the steering wheel furthest from the travel assembly is securely connected to the body. The battery pack assembly is located inside the body and is connected to the travel assembly and the control unit via wires. The control unit is securely connected to the front end of the body. The bucket and the end of the control unit furthest from the body are securely connected. A camera is located on the side of the body near the control unit. The travel assembly drives the body to move, the battery pack assembly supplies power to all components of the excavator, the control unit controls the movement of the bucket for digging operations, and the steering wheel has a separate rotation drive to control the rotation of the body. This excavator is equipped with an electronic control center, enabling multi-mode operation. It can be manually driven or remotely controlled via a camera. The airflow guiding unit of this invention, on the one hand, extends the buffer time of steering inertia through the continuous deformation of the folded airbag, reducing the impact force on the battery pack per unit time and improving the stability of the battery pack. On the other hand, during the alternating deformation of the folding airbags, the external airflow is continuously guided through the gaps between the guide fins, and the turning impact force of the battery pack is converted into the kinetic energy of the heat exchange airflow, which not only solves the problem of battery pack heat accumulation, but also improves energy utilization.

[0007] Furthermore, the battery box assembly includes a protective box, battery packs, guide fins, an airflow guiding unit, and an air intake unit. The protective box is located inside the machine body and is securely connected to the machine body. Multiple battery packs are located inside the protective box. The guide fins are sheet-like, with multiple layers of guide fins stacked together. Multiple slots are provided on the multiple layers of guide fins, and multiple battery packs are fixed inside the slots. The sides of the guide fins are securely connected to the airflow guiding unit, and the guide fins are slidably connected to the inner wall of the protective box. The air intake unit is located in the inner wall of the protective box and is connected to the airflow guiding unit. Private mini excavators are mainly used on farms, where the load requirements are not high, making electric drive more convenient. However, excavators often turn during operation, and the battery pack is easily subjected to turning impacts when the turning range is large. Furthermore, during continuous digging work, the battery pack is prone to overheating, affecting the excavator's lifespan. The protective box of this application is located on the side of the machine body away from the control unit, which makes the overall weight distribution of the excavator more reasonable. When the excavator turns, the battery pack will be thrown to one side, and the guide fins will slide along the protective box. The airflow guiding unit and the air intake unit will buffer the movement of the battery pack on the one hand, and guide the airflow to dissipate heat from the battery pack on the other hand. The guide fins increase the airflow heat exchange area.

[0008] Furthermore, the airflow guiding unit includes a folded airbag, a translation plate, a first through-hole, a second through-hole, a confluence hole, and an outlet pipe. Two sets of airflow guiding units are provided, distributed on opposite sides inside the protective box. One end of the folded airbag is securely connected to the inner wall of the protective box, and the other end is securely connected to the translation plate. The translation plate is securely connected to the guide fins. The first through-hole, second through-hole, and confluence hole are located inside the translation plate. Multiple sets of the first and second through-holes are provided, located at the gaps between guide fins in different layers. These multiple sets of the first and second through-holes are staggered. Each set of the first through-hole... Multiple second guide holes are provided. Multiple first and second guide holes are evenly distributed along the guide fins. One side of the first guide hole is connected to the inside of the folded airbag, and the other side of the first guide hole is connected to the gap between the guide fins. A one-way output valve is provided inside the first guide hole, and the first guide hole can only output gas to one side of the guide fins. One side of the second guide hole is connected to the gap between the guide fins, and the other side of the second guide hole is connected to the confluence hole. One end of the outlet pipe is connected to the confluence hole, and the other end of the outlet pipe is connected to the outside of the protective box. A one-way output valve is provided inside the outlet pipe, and the outlet pipe can only output gas to the outside of the protective box. The air intake unit is connected to the side of the folded airbag away from the guide fins. When the battery pack moves to one side due to steering, the folding airbag on that side is compressed, while the folding airbag on the other side is stretched. Airflow from the compressed side exits through the first through-hole into the gap between the guide fins, exchanging heat with the guide fins. The output airflow enters the confluence hole through the second through-hole, and then exits through the outlet pipe. The stretched side of the folding airbag receives external gas replenishment. This airflow guiding unit of the present invention, on the one hand, extends the buffer time of steering inertia through the continuous deformation of the folding airbags, reducing the impact force on the battery pack per unit time and improving the stability of the battery pack. On the other hand, during the alternating deformation of the folding airbags, external airflow is continuously guided through the gaps between the guide fins, converting the steering impact force of the battery pack into the kinetic energy of the heat exchange airflow, thus solving the problem of heat accumulation in the battery pack and improving energy utilization.

[0009] Furthermore, the air intake unit includes an air intake channel, an air storage chamber, a movable slot, a blocking slot, a push block, a blocking block, and a blocking spring. One end of the air intake channel is connected to the outside of the protective box, and the other end of the air intake channel is connected to the inside of the folding airbag. A one-way input valve is provided inside the air intake channel near the end of the folding airbag, allowing air to be input into one side of the folding airbag only. The air storage chamber is connected to the movable slot, and the end of the movable slot away from the air storage chamber is connected to the air intake channel. The blocking slot is connected to the side of the movable slot. The push block and the movable slot are slidably connected, and the blocking block and the movable slot are slidably connected. A blocking step is provided at the end of the movable slot near the air storage chamber, and a blocking step is also provided at the end of the blocking slot near the movable slot. One end of the blocking spring is fastened to the blocking block, and the other end of the blocking spring is fastened to the inner wall of the blocking slot. A guide slope is provided at the end of the blocking block away from the blocking spring, and the guide slopes are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the blocking block. When the folding airbag is extended, external airflow enters the airbag through the intake channel. However, in the event of a battery pack accident, a battery fire usually occurs, causing a rapid temperature rise in a localized area. This heat is directly transferred to the protective housing via guide fins. The protective housing is made of metal, allowing the high-temperature heat to spread rapidly throughout it. The air storage chamber is filled with gas. As the temperature of the protective housing rises rapidly, the pressure inside the air storage chamber increases rapidly, causing the pusher block to be pushed against the blocking block. The guide slope on the blocking block, under the pushing force of the pusher block, guides the blocking block to compress the blocking spring. When the temperature exceeds a safe value, the blocking block retracts completely into the blocking groove, blocking the intake channel. The pressure inside the protective housing is then released through the outlet pipe. The air intake unit of this invention controls the conduction state based on changes in the surface temperature of the protective housing. When the temperature of the protective housing exceeds a certain limit, the air intake unit cuts off the airflow input inside the protective housing, greatly reducing the safety risks to the excavator.

[0010] Furthermore, the driving components include a tracked chassis, a cover, a connecting cabinet, a separation unit, a storage box, a first spray outlet, a second spray outlet, and a collection port. The tracked chassis and the cover are fastened together, the cover and the connecting cabinet are fastened together, and the side of the connecting cabinet away from the cover is fastened together with the steering wheel. The collection port is fixed below the connecting cabinet and faces the upper surface of the tracked chassis. The first spray outlet and the second spray outlet are located on both sides of the cover. The separation unit and the storage box are located inside the connecting cabinet. The collection port is connected to the separation unit through a pipe, the first spray outlet is connected to the separation unit through a pipe, and the second spray outlet is connected to the storage box through a pipe. An input pump is installed on the pipe connected to the collection port, and an output pump is installed on the pipe connected to the first spray outlet and the second spray outlet. The first spray outlet is located at the rear of the tracked chassis in the direction of travel, and the second spray outlet is located at the front of the tracked chassis in the direction of travel. As the tracked chassis moves forward, mud adheres to it. This mud moves with the tracks to the underside of the collection port, where most of the mud adhering to the track surface is sucked away. The mud then enters the separation unit with the airflow, separating larger stones mixed in with the mud. The stones enter the storage box, while the mud is discharged from the first spray outlet. When traversing muddy sections, the second spray outlet is controlled to output airflow, which carries stones along with it. The stones are sprayed onto the tracked chassis in the direction of travel, increasing road friction and improving the excavator's stability.

[0011] Furthermore, the separation unit includes a separation chamber, a separation screen, rollers, a vibration motor, and a partition plate. The separation screen is located inside the upper part of the separation chamber, which is located inside the connecting cabinet. One end of the separation screen is hinged to the side wall of the separation chamber, and the other end extends into the storage box. The vibration motor is located at the bottom of the separation chamber and is fastened to the end of the separation screen away from the side wall of the separation chamber. The separation screen is inclined, with the end of the separation screen near the side wall of the separation chamber higher than the end near the storage box. The partition plate is located below the separation screen and is fastened to the side wall of the separation chamber. Multiple sets of rollers are provided, evenly distributed along the separation screen. Each roller has an independent drive. The collection port is connected to the separation chamber via a pipe at the upper part of the separation screen, and the first spray outlet is connected to the separation chamber via a pipe at the lower part of the partition plate. Airflow carrying soil enters from the upper side of the separating screen and exits from the lower side of the partition plate. The airflow is guided downwards towards the partition plate, while the soil is blocked by the separating screen. As the separating screen vibrates and falls, the soil passes through various compaction rollers, which rotate downwards, crushing the soil into small pieces. During vibration, stones and soil gradually separate. Small pieces of soil and small stones pass through the separating screen and fall onto the partition plate, where they are guided downwards by the airflow. Finally, the soil is discharged from the first nozzle, while larger stones are collected in a storage tank. The storage tank is equipped with an air inlet pipe, and most of the airflow enters through this pipe when the second nozzle is sprayed. This invention's separating unit assists in the movement of soil by guiding the airflow direction and separates larger stones from the soil through vibration, downward movement, and auxiliary compaction. The soil is then returned to the ground, reducing soil loss. The accumulation of stones facilitates the subsequent movement of the excavator.

[0012] Furthermore, the bucket is equipped with shredders and a rotating shaft, which is rotatably connected to the bucket. A driver is located at one end of the rotating shaft, and the shredders are securely connected to the rotating shaft. Multiple shredders are evenly distributed along the rotating shaft. When the excavated soil clods need to be broken up, the shredders are installed inside the bucket. The rotating shaft, driven by the driver, continuously rotates in both directions. The driver is a conventional technology in this field, and its specific structure is not described. The rotating shaft drives the shredders to swing, breaking up the soil clods. When breaking up is no longer needed, the shredders and rotating shaft can be removed.

[0013] Furthermore, the control unit includes a boom, a forearm, a first electric cylinder, a second electric cylinder, a third electric cylinder, a first support rod, and a second support rod. The boom is rotatably connected to the machine body, the forearm is rotatably connected to the end of the boom furthest from the machine body, the bucket is rotatably connected to the forearm, the first electric cylinder is vibratingly connected to the machine body, the output shaft of the first electric cylinder is hinged to the boom, the second electric cylinder is rotatably connected to the boom, the output shaft of the second electric cylinder is hinged to the forearm, the third electric cylinder is rotatably connected to the forearm, the output shaft of the third electric cylinder, the first support rod, and the second support rod are hinged, the first support rod is hinged to the forearm, and the second support rod is hinged to the bucket. The first electric cylinder controls the boom rotation, the second electric cylinder controls the forearm rotation, and the third electric cylinder controls the bucket rotation. The first, second, and third electric cylinders realize the electric control of bucket digging.

[0014] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects achieved by this invention are as follows: Firstly, the airflow guiding unit of this invention extends the buffer time of steering inertia through the continuous deformation of the folding airbags, reducing the impact force on the battery pack per unit time and improving the stability of the battery pack. Secondly, during the alternating deformation of the folding airbags, external airflow is continuously guided through the gaps between the guide fins, converting the steering impact force of the battery pack into the kinetic energy of the heat exchange airflow, thus solving the problem of battery pack heat accumulation and improving energy utilization. The air intake unit of this invention controls the conduction state according to the change in the surface temperature of the protective box. When the temperature of the protective box exceeds the limit, the air intake unit cuts off the airflow input inside the protective box, greatly reducing the safety risks to the excavator. When the travel component of this invention passes through muddy sections, it controls the output airflow from the second nozzle, which carries stones along with it. The stones are sprayed onto the forward direction of the tracked chassis, increasing road friction and improving the stability of the excavator's movement. The separation unit of this invention assists in the movement of soil by guiding the airflow direction, and separates larger stones from the soil by vibration and downward movement and auxiliary compaction, so that the soil is returned to the ground, reducing the loss of ground soil. The accumulation of stones provides convenience for the subsequent movement of the excavator. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a front sectional view of the battery box assembly of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a left-side sectional view of the battery box assembly of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Enlarged view of a portion at point A;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the battery box assembly of the present invention along the second through hole;

[0021] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the driving component of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 A magnified view of section B;

[0023] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the bucket of the present invention;

[0024] In the diagram: 1-Body, 2-Control unit, 21-Up boom, 22-Down boom, 23-First electric cylinder, 24-Second electric cylinder, 25-Third electric cylinder, 26-First support rod, 27-Second support rod, 3-Bucket, 31-Chopping blade, 32-Rotating shaft, 4-Battery box assembly, 41-Protective box, 42-Battery pack, 43-Guide fins, 44-Airflow guiding unit, 441-Folding airbag, 442-Transfer plate, 443-First through hole, 444-Second through hole, 445-Merging hole, 446-Outlet pipe, 4 5-Intake unit, 451-Intake passage, 452-Air storage chamber, 453-Moving groove, 454-Blocking groove, 455-Push block, 456-Blocking block, 457-Blocking spring, 5-Travel assembly, 51-Tracked chassis, 52-Cover cover, 53-Connecting cabinet, 54-Separation unit, 541-Separation chamber, 542-Separation screen, 543-Compactor roller, 544-Vibration motor, 545-Divider plate, 55-Storage box, 56-First spray outlet, 57-Second spray outlet, 58-Collection port, 6-Steering wheel. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] like Figure 1As shown, a multi-mode electric excavator includes a body 1, a control unit 2, a bucket 3, a battery pack assembly 4, a travel assembly 5, and a steering wheel 6. The travel assembly 5 and the bottom of the steering wheel 6 are fastened together. The end of the steering wheel 6 away from the travel assembly 5 is fastened to the body 1. The battery pack assembly 4 is located inside the body 1 and is connected to the travel assembly 5 and the control unit 2 via wires. The control unit 2 is fastened to the front end of the body 1. The bucket 3 is fastened to the end of the control unit 2 away from the body 1. A camera is installed on the side of the body 1 near the control unit 2. The travel assembly 5 drives the body 1 to move. The battery pack assembly 4 supplies power to the various components of the excavator. The control unit 2 controls the movement of the bucket 3 to perform digging work. The steering wheel 6 has a separate rotation drive to control the rotation of the body 1. This excavator is equipped with an electronic control center, realizing multi-mode operation, which can be manually driven or remotely controlled online via a camera. The airflow guiding unit 44 of the present invention, on the one hand, extends the buffer time of turning inertia through the continuous deformation of the folding airbag 441, reduces the impact force on the battery pack per unit time, and improves the stability of the battery pack 42. On the other hand, during the alternating deformation of the folding airbag 441, it continuously guides the external airflow through the gaps between the guide fins 43, and the turning impact force of the battery pack 42 is converted into the kinetic energy of the heat exchange airflow, which not only solves the problem of heat accumulation in the battery pack, but also improves the energy utilization rate.

[0027] like Figure 2 , Figure 3As shown, the battery box assembly 4 includes a protective box 41, a battery pack 42, guide fins 43, an airflow guiding unit 44, and an air intake unit 45. The protective box 41 is located inside the body 1 and is securely connected to the body 1. The battery pack 42 is located inside the protective box 41, and multiple battery packs are provided. The guide fins 43 are sheet-like, with multiple layers of guide fins 43 stacked on top of each other. Multiple slots are provided on the multiple layers of guide fins 43, and multiple battery packs 42 are fixed inside the slots. The two sides of the guide fins 43 are securely connected to the airflow guiding unit 44, and the guide fins 43 are slidably connected to the inner wall of the protective box 41. The air intake unit 45 is located in the inner wall of the protective box 41 and is connected to the airflow guiding unit 44. The main application scenario for private mini excavators is on farms, where the load requirements for the excavator are not high, making electric drive more convenient. However, excavators frequently turn during operation. When the turning radius is large, the battery pack is easily subjected to turning impacts. On the other hand, during continuous digging work, the battery pack is prone to heat accumulation, affecting the excavator's service life. In this application, the protective box 41 is located on the side of the machine body 1 away from the control unit 2, making the overall weight distribution of the excavator more reasonable. When the excavator turns, the battery pack 42 is thrown to one side, and the guide fins 43 slide along the protective box 41. The airflow guiding unit 44 and the air intake unit 45 not only buffer the movement of the battery pack 42, but also guide the airflow to dissipate heat from the battery pack 42. The guide fins 43 increase the airflow heat exchange area.

[0028] like Figures 3-5As shown, the airflow guiding unit 44 includes a folded airbag 441, a translation plate 442, a first through hole 443, a second through hole 444, a confluence hole 445, and an outlet pipe 446. Two sets of airflow guiding units 44 are provided, distributed on opposite sides inside the protective box 41. One end of the folded airbag 441 is securely connected to the inner wall of the protective box 41, and the other end is securely connected to the translation plate 442. The translation plate 442 is securely connected to the guide fins 43. The first through hole 443, the second through hole 444, and the confluence hole 445 are located inside the translation plate 442. Multiple sets of the first through holes 443 and the second through holes 444 are provided, located at the gaps between guide fins 43 in different layers. The multiple sets of the first through holes 443 and the second through holes 444 are staggered. Each set of the first through holes 443... Multiple holes 443 and second through holes 444 are provided. Multiple first through holes 443 and second through holes 444 are evenly distributed along the guide fin 43. One side of the first through hole 443 is connected to the inside of the folded airbag 441, and the other side of the first through hole 443 is connected to the gap of the guide fin 43. A one-way output valve is provided inside the first through hole 443, and the first through hole 443 can only output gas to one side of the guide fin 43. One side of the second through hole 444 is connected to the gap of the guide fin 43, and the other side of the second through hole 444 is connected to the confluence hole 445. One end of the outlet pipe 446 is connected to the confluence hole 445, and the other end of the outlet pipe 446 is connected to the outside of the protective box 41. A one-way output valve is provided inside the outlet pipe 446, and the outlet pipe 446 can only output gas to the outside of the protective box 41. The air intake unit 45 is connected to the side of the folded airbag 441 away from the guide fin 43. When the battery pack 42 moves to one side due to steering, the folding airbag 441 on that side is compressed, and the folding airbag 441 on the other side is stretched. The airflow on the compressed side of the folding airbag 441 is output from the first through-hole 443 into the gap between the guide fins 43, where it exchanges heat with the guide fins 43. The output airflow enters the confluence hole 445 from the second through-hole 444, and then exits from the confluence hole 445 into the outlet pipe 446. The stretched side of the folding airbag 441 receives gas replenishment from the outside. The airflow guiding unit 44 of the present invention, on the one hand, prolongs the buffer time of steering inertia through the continuous deformation of the folding airbag 441, reduces the impact force on the battery pack per unit time, and improves the stability of the battery pack 42. On the other hand, during the alternating deformation of the folding airbag 441, the external airflow is continuously guided through the gaps between the guide fins 43, and the steering impact force of the battery pack 42 is converted into the kinetic energy of the heat exchange airflow, which not only solves the problem of heat accumulation in the battery pack, but also improves the energy utilization rate.

[0029] like Figure 4As shown, the air intake unit 45 includes an air intake channel 451, an air storage chamber 452, a movable groove 453, a blocking groove 454, a push block 455, a blocking block 456, and a blocking spring 457. One end of the air intake channel 451 is connected to the outside of the protective box 41, and the other end of the air intake channel 451 is connected to the inside of the folding airbag 441. A one-way input valve is provided inside the air intake channel 451 near the end of the folding airbag 441, so the air intake channel 451 can only input gas into one side of the folding airbag 441. The air storage chamber 452 is connected to the movable groove 453, and the end of the movable groove 453 away from the air storage chamber 452 is connected to the air intake channel 451. 1. The blocking groove 454 and the movable groove 453 are connected on the side. The push block 455 is slidably connected to the movable groove 453. The blocking block 456 is slidably connected to the movable groove 453. A blocking step is provided at one end of the movable groove 453 near the air storage chamber 452. A blocking step is also provided at one end of the blocking groove 454 near the movable groove 453. One end of the blocking spring 457 is fastened to the blocking block 456. The other end of the blocking spring 457 is fastened to the inner wall of the blocking groove 454. A guide slope is provided at one end of the blocking block 456 away from the blocking spring 457. The guide slopes are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the blocking block 456. When the folding airbag 441 is extended, external airflow enters the interior of the folding airbag 441 through the air intake channel 451. However, when the battery pack 42 is involved in an accident, it is usually accompanied by a battery fire. The local area of ​​the battery pack 42 will heat up rapidly. The heat at this location is directly transferred to the protective box 41 through the guide fins 43. The protective box 41 is made of metal, and the high temperature heat will quickly spread throughout the protective box 41. The gas storage chamber 452 is filled with gas. During the rapid increase in temperature of the protective box 41, the pressure inside the gas storage chamber 452 increases rapidly. The push block 455 will be pushed against the blocking block 456. After being pushed by the push block 455, the guide slope on the blocking block 456 will guide the blocking block 456 to compress the blocking spring 457. When the temperature exceeds the safe value, the blocking block 456 will completely retract into the blocking groove 454, and the push block 455 will block the air intake channel. The pressure inside the protective box 41 will be released through the outlet pipe 446. The air intake unit 45 of the present invention controls the conduction state according to the change of surface temperature of the protective box 41. When the temperature of the protective box 41 exceeds the limit, the air intake unit 45 will cut off the airflow input inside the protective box 41, which greatly reduces the safety risk of the excavator.

[0030] like Figure 6 , Figure 7As shown, the driving component 5 includes a tracked chassis 51, a cover 52, a connecting cabinet 53, a separation unit 54, a storage box 55, a first spray outlet 56, a second spray outlet 57, and a collection port 58. The tracked chassis 51 and the cover 52 are fastened together, and the cover 52 and the connecting cabinet 53 are fastened together. The side of the connecting cabinet 53 away from the cover 52 is fastened together with the steering wheel 6. The collection port 58 is fixed below the connecting cabinet 53 and faces the upper surface of the tracked chassis 51. The first spray outlet 56 and the second spray outlet 57 are located on both sides of the cover 52. The separation unit 54 and the storage box 55 are located inside the connecting cabinet 53. The collection port 58 is connected to the separation unit 54 through a pipe, the first spray outlet 56 is connected to the separation unit 54 through a pipe, and the second spray outlet 57 is connected to the storage box 55 through a pipe. An input pump is installed on the pipe connected to the collection port 58, and an output pump is installed on the pipe connected to the first spray outlet 56 and the second spray outlet 57. The first spray outlet 56 is located at the rear of the tracked chassis 51 in the forward direction, and the second spray outlet 57 is located at the front of the tracked chassis 51 in the forward direction. During forward movement, the tracked chassis 51 will accumulate mud. The mud moves with the tracks to the underside of the collection port 58, where it sucks away most of the mud adhering to the track surface. The mud then enters the separation unit 54 with the airflow, separating larger stones mixed in with the mud. The stones enter the storage box 55, and the mud is discharged from the first spray outlet 56. When traversing muddy sections, the second spray outlet 57 is controlled to output airflow, carrying stones with it. The stones are sprayed onto the tracked chassis 51 in the forward direction, increasing road friction and improving the excavator's stability.

[0031] like Figure 6 , Figure 7As shown, the separation unit 54 includes a separation chamber 541, a separation screen 542, a pressing roller 543, a vibration motor 544, and a partition plate 545. The separation screen 542 is disposed on the upper side inside the separation chamber 541, which is located inside the connecting cabinet 53. One end of the separation screen 542 is hinged to the side wall of the separation chamber 541, and the other end extends into the storage box 55. The vibration motor 544 is disposed at the bottom of the separation chamber 541, and is fastened to the end of the separation screen 542 away from the side wall of the separation chamber 541. The separation screen 542 is inclined. The end of the separating screen 542 near the side wall of the separating chamber 541 is higher than the end of the separating screen 542 near the storage box 55. The partition plate 545 is set on the lower side of the separating screen 542. The partition plate 545 and the side wall of the separating chamber 541 are fastened together. Multiple sets of rolling rollers 543 are provided. The multiple sets of rolling rollers 543 are evenly distributed along the separating screen 542. The rolling rollers 543 are provided with independent drives. The collection port 58 is connected to the separating chamber 541 located on the upper side of the separating screen 542 through a pipe. The first spray outlet 56 is connected to the separating chamber 541 located on the lower side of the partition plate 545 through a pipe. Airflow carrying soil enters from the upper side of the separating screen 542, and airflow exits from the lower side of the partition plate 545. The airflow is guided downwards towards the partition plate 545, while the soil is blocked by the separating screen 542. As the separating screen 542 vibrates and falls, the soil passes through each crushing roller 543 during its fall. The crushing roller 543 rotates downwards, crushing the soil into small pieces. During the vibration, the stones and soil gradually separate. Small pieces of soil and small stones pass through the separating screen 542 and fall onto the partition plate 545, gradually moving downwards towards the partition plate 545 with the guidance of the airflow. Finally, the soil is discharged from the first spray outlet 56, while larger stones are input into the storage box 55. The storage box 55 is equipped with an air inlet pipe. When airflow is sprayed out from the second spray outlet 57, most of the airflow enters from the air inlet pipe. The separation unit 54 of the present invention assists the movement of soil by guiding the airflow direction, and separates larger stones in the soil by vibration and downward movement and auxiliary rolling, so that the soil is sent back to the ground, reducing the loss of ground soil, and the accumulation of stones provides convenience for the subsequent movement of the excavator.

[0032] like Figure 8 As shown, the bucket 3 contains a chopping blade 31 and a rotating shaft 32. The rotating shaft 32 is rotatably connected to the bucket 3, and a driver is installed at one end of the rotating shaft 32. The chopping blade 31 is securely connected to the rotating shaft 32. Multiple chopping blades 31 are evenly distributed along the rotating shaft 32. When the excavated soil needs to be broken up, the chopping blade 31 is installed inside the bucket 3. The rotating shaft 32 continuously rotates in both directions under the drive of the driver. The driver is a conventional technology in this field, and its specific structure is not described. The rotating shaft 32 drives the chopping blade 31 to swing, breaking up the soil. When breaking up is no longer needed, the chopping blade 31 and the rotating shaft 32 can be removed.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the control unit 2 includes a boom 21, a forearm 22, a first electric cylinder 23, a second electric cylinder 24, a third electric cylinder 25, a first support rod 26, and a second support rod 27. The boom 21 is rotatably connected to the machine body 1, the forearm 22 is rotatably connected to the end of the boom 21 away from the machine body 1, the bucket 3 is rotatably connected to the forearm 22, the first electric cylinder 23 is vibratingly connected to the machine body 1, the output shaft of the first electric cylinder 23 is hinged to the boom 21, the second electric cylinder 24 is rotatably connected to the boom 21, the output shaft of the second electric cylinder 24 is hinged to the forearm 22, the third electric cylinder 25 is rotatably connected to the forearm 22, the output shaft of the third electric cylinder 25, the first support rod 26, and the second support rod 27 are hinged, the first support rod 26 is hinged to the forearm, and the second support rod 27 is hinged to the bucket 3. The first electric cylinder 23 controls the rotation of the boom 21, the second electric cylinder 24 controls the rotation of the forearm 22, and the third electric cylinder 25 controls the rotation of the bucket 3. The first electric cylinder 23, the second electric cylinder 24, and the third electric cylinder 25 realize the electric control of the bucket 3 digging.

[0034] The working principle of this invention is as follows: The traveling component 5 drives the machine body 1 to move. During forward movement, the tracked chassis 51 will adhere to soil. The soil moves with the tracks to the underside of the collection port 58, where it sucks away most of the soil adhering to the track surface. The soil then enters the separation unit 54 with the airflow, separating larger stones mixed in with the soil. The stones enter the storage box 55, and the soil is discharged from the first spray outlet 56. When traversing muddy sections, the second spray outlet 57 is controlled to output airflow, carrying stones with it. The stones are sprayed onto the tracked chassis 51 in the forward direction. The steering wheel 6 controls the rotation of the machine body 1, the control unit 2 controls the movement of the bucket 3 for digging work, and the battery box assembly 4 supplies power to all components of the excavator. When the excavator turns, the battery pack 42 is thrown to one side, and the guide fins 43 slide along the protective box 41. When the battery pack 42 moves to one side due to the turning, the folding airbag 441 on that side is compressed and the folding airbag 441 on the other side is stretched. The airflow on the compressed side of the folding airbag 441 is output from the first through hole 443 into the gap of the guide fins 43 and exchanges heat with the guide fins 43. The output airflow enters the confluence hole 445 from the second through hole 444 and then enters the outlet pipe 446 from the confluence hole 445 to be discharged. The stretched side of the folding airbag 441 receives gas replenishment from the outside.

[0035] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0036] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-mode electric excavator, characterized in that: The excavator includes a body (1), a control unit (2), a bucket (3), a battery box assembly (4), a travel assembly (5), and a steering wheel (6). The travel assembly (5) and the steering wheel (6) are fastened to the bottom. The end of the steering wheel (6) away from the travel assembly (5) is fastened to the body (1). The battery box assembly (4) is located inside the body (1). The battery box assembly (4) is connected to the travel assembly (5) via wires. The battery box assembly (4) is connected to the control unit (2) via wires. The control unit (2) is fastened to the front end of the body (1). The bucket (3) is fastened to the end of the control unit (2) away from the body (1). A camera is provided on the side of the body (1) near the control unit (2). The battery box assembly (4) includes a protective box (41), a battery pack (42), guide fins (43), an airflow guiding unit (44), and an air intake unit (45). The protective box (41) is located inside the fuselage (1) and is fastened to the fuselage (1). The battery pack (42) is located inside the protective box (41) and there are multiple sets of the battery pack (42). The guide fins (43) are sheet-shaped and are stacked in multiple layers. Multiple slots are provided on the multiple layers of guide fins (43). Multiple battery packs (42) are fixed inside the slots. The two sides of the guide fins (43) are fastened to the airflow guiding unit (44). The guide fins (43) are slidably connected to the inner wall of the protective box (41). The air intake unit (45) is located in the inner wall of the protective box (41) and is connected to the airflow guiding unit (44). The airflow guiding unit (44) includes a folding airbag (441), a translation plate (442), a first through hole (443), a second through hole (444), a confluence hole (445), and an outlet pipe (446). Two sets of airflow guiding units (44) are provided, with each set distributed on one side of the inside of the protective box (41). One end of the folding airbag (441) is securely connected to the inner wall of the protective box (41), and the other end of the folding airbag (441) is securely connected to the translation plate (442). The translation plate (442) and guide fins (43) are fastened together. The first through hole (443), the second through hole (444), and the confluence hole (445) are located inside the translation plate (442). Multiple sets of the first through holes (443) and the second through holes (444) are provided. The multiple sets of the first through holes (443) and the second through holes (444) are respectively located at the gaps of the guide fins (43) in different layers. The multiple sets of the first through holes (443) and the second through holes (444) are staggered. Each set of the first through holes (443) and the second through holes (444) are arranged in a staggered manner. Multiple through holes (443) and second through holes (444) are provided. These multiple first through holes (443) and second through holes (444) are evenly distributed along the guide fin (43). One side of the first through hole (443) communicates with the interior of the folded airbag (441), and the other side of the first through hole (443) communicates with the gap in the guide fin (43). A one-way output valve is provided inside the first through hole (443), allowing gas to be output only to one side of the guide fin (43). The second through hole... (444) One side is connected to the gap between the guide fin (43), the other side of the second through hole (444) is connected to the confluence hole (445), one end of the outlet pipe (446) is connected to the confluence hole (445), and the other end of the outlet pipe (446) is connected to the outside of the protective box (41). A one-way output valve is provided inside the outlet pipe (446), and the outlet pipe (446) can only output gas to the outside of the protective box (41). The air intake unit (45) and the folded airbag (441) are connected to the side away from the guide fin (43).

2. The multi-mode electric excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air intake unit (45) includes an air intake channel (451), an air storage chamber (452), a movable groove (453), a blocking groove (454), a push block (455), a blocking block (456), and a blocking spring (457). One end of the air intake channel (451) is connected to the outside of the protective box (41), and the other end of the air intake channel (451) is connected to the inside of the folding airbag (441). A one-way input valve is provided inside the air intake channel (451) near the end of the folding airbag (441), so that the air intake channel (451) can only input gas to one side of the folding airbag (441). The air storage chamber (452) is connected to the movable groove (453), and the end of the movable groove (453) away from the air storage chamber (452) is connected to the air intake channel (451). The blocking groove (454) and the movable groove (453) are connected on the side. The push block (455) and the movable groove (453) are slidably connected. The blocking block (456) and the movable groove (453) are slidably connected. A blocking step is provided at one end of the movable groove (453) near the air storage chamber (452). A blocking step is also provided at one end of the blocking groove (454) near the movable groove (453). One end of the blocking spring (457) is fastened to the blocking block (456). The other end of the blocking spring (457) is fastened to the inner wall of the blocking groove (454). A guide slope is provided at one end of the blocking block (456) away from the blocking spring (457). The guide slope is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the blocking block (456).

3. A multi-mode electric excavator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving assembly (5) includes a tracked chassis (51), a cover (52), a connecting cabinet (53), a separation unit (54), a storage box (55), a first spray outlet (56), a second spray outlet (57), and a collection port (58). The tracked chassis (51) and the cover (52) are fastened together, and the cover (52) and the connecting cabinet (53) are fastened together. The side of the connecting cabinet (53) away from the cover (52) is fastened together with the steering wheel (6). The collection port (58) is fixed below the connecting cabinet (53) and faces the upper surface of the tracked chassis (51). On the surface, the first spray outlet (56) and the second spray outlet (57) are located on both sides of the cover (52). The separation unit (54) and the storage box (55) are located inside the connecting cabinet (53). The collection port (58) is connected to the separation unit (54) through a pipe. The first spray outlet (56) is connected to the separation unit (54) through a pipe. The second spray outlet (57) is connected to the storage box (55) through a pipe. An input pump is installed on the pipe connected to the collection port (58). An output pump is installed on the pipe connected to the first spray outlet (56) and the second spray outlet (57).

4. A multi-mode electric excavator according to claim 3, characterized in that: The separation unit (54) includes a separation chamber (541), a separation screen (542), a rolling roller (543), a vibration motor (544), and a partition plate (545). The separation screen (542) is located on the upper side inside the separation chamber (541), which is located inside the connecting cabinet (53). One end of the separation screen (542) is hinged to the side wall of the separation chamber (541), and the other end extends into the storage box (55). The vibration motor (544) is located at the bottom of the separation chamber (541), and the vibration motor (544) is fastened to the end of the separation screen (542) away from the side wall of the separation chamber (541). The separation screen (542) is inclined. The end of the separating screen (542) near the side wall of the separating chamber (541) is higher than the end of the separating screen (542) near the storage box (55). The partition plate (545) is set on the lower side of the separating screen (542). The partition plate (545) and the side wall of the separating chamber (541) are fastened together. Multiple sets of rollers (543) are provided. The multiple sets of rollers (543) are evenly distributed along the separating screen (542). The rollers (543) are provided with independent drives. The collection port (58) is connected to the separating chamber (541) on the upper side of the separating screen (542) through a pipe. The first spray outlet (56) is connected to the separating chamber (541) on the lower side of the partition plate (545) through a pipe.

5. A multi-mode electric excavator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bucket (3) is equipped with a shredder (31) and a rotating shaft (32). The rotating shaft (32) is rotatably connected to the bucket (3). One end of the rotating shaft (32) is equipped with a driver. The shredder (31) is fastened to the rotating shaft (32). There are multiple shredders (31), and the multiple shredders (31) are evenly distributed along the rotating shaft (32).

6. A multi-mode electric excavator according to claim 5, characterized in that: The control unit (2) includes a boom (21), a forearm (22), a first electric cylinder (23), a second electric cylinder (24), a third electric cylinder (25), a first support rod (26), and a second support rod (27). The boom (21) is rotatably connected to the machine body (1). The forearm (22) is rotatably connected to the end of the boom (21) away from the machine body (1). The bucket (3) is rotatably connected to the forearm (22). The first electric cylinder (23) is vibratingly connected to the machine body (1). The output shaft of the first electric cylinder (23) is hinged to the boom (21), the second electric cylinder (24) is rotatably connected to the boom (21), the output shaft of the second electric cylinder (24) is hinged to the forearm (22), the third electric cylinder (25) is rotatably connected to the forearm (22), the output shaft of the third electric cylinder (25), the first support rod (26), and the second support rod (27) are hinged, the first support rod (26) is hinged to the forearm (22), and the second support rod (27) is hinged to the bucket (3).

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