A trenching apparatus for drilling a horizontal tunnel

Abstract

The application provides a pit-forming device capable of drilling a horizontal channel, which comprises a horizontal drilling mechanism for drilling in a horizontal direction, wherein the horizontal drilling mechanism comprises a horizontal drilling rod, a horizontal drilling transmission assembly and a horizontal drilling reciprocating adjusting assembly capable of achieving reciprocating motion of the horizontal drilling rod, the horizontal drilling rod is connected with the horizontal drilling reciprocating adjusting assembly, and the horizontal drilling transmission assembly is in transmission connection with the horizontal drilling reciprocating adjusting assembly. The pit-forming device has the advantages of convenient use, wide application range, high pit-forming efficiency, good pit-forming precision and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural and forestry technology, and more specifically to a pit-making device for agricultural and forestry land. Background Technology

[0002] In agricultural and forestry production activities, irrigation of crops is a very important process. In order to make full use of irrigation water or rainwater and to irrigate the crop roots evenly and fully, buried irrigation devices can be used. However, buried irrigation devices need to be buried in the soil. Therefore, before laying the buried irrigation devices, it is necessary to dig corresponding pits according to the shape and size of the buried irrigation devices.

[0003] Existing pit-forming devices typically only drill cylindrical pits with equal diameters at the top and bottom. For other truncated cone-shaped pits, manual drilling and adjustment are required, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and inefficient. For some specially shaped in-ground irrigation systems, in addition to the vertical pit, horizontal seepage channels need to be drilled into the side walls. Existing pit-forming devices are limited in function, only equipped with a rotating cutter for vertical drilling, thus failing to meet the needs of pit formation in other directions and being unsuitable for irrigation systems with horizontal seepage channels. Furthermore, existing pit-forming devices can only dig fixed-size pits. Once designed, the pit size is fixed and cannot be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs, making them very inconvenient. When different sizes of pits are required, multiple pit-forming devices of different sizes are needed, or manual drilling and adjustment are required based on pits of similar size, which is detrimental to efficiency. When the pit sizes are mismatched, it severely affects the installation accuracy of the irrigation system, directly impacting the irrigation effect on plants. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a pit-forming device that can drill soil in the horizontal direction to form a horizontal channel, so as to facilitate the installation of a buried water injector with a horizontal seepage channel. It has the advantages of being easy to use, having a wide range of applications, high pit-forming efficiency, and good pit-forming accuracy.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution proposed by this invention is as follows:

[0006] A pit-forming device for drilling horizontal channels includes a horizontal drilling mechanism for drilling in the horizontal direction. The horizontal drilling mechanism includes a horizontal drill rod, a horizontal drilling transmission assembly, and a horizontal drilling reciprocating adjustment assembly that enables the horizontal drill rod to reciprocate. The horizontal drill rod is connected to the horizontal drilling reciprocating adjustment assembly, and the horizontal drilling transmission assembly is drively connected to the horizontal drilling reciprocating adjustment assembly. Under the action of the horizontal drilling transmission assembly and the horizontal drilling reciprocating adjustment assembly, the horizontal drill rod can reciprocate in the horizontal direction, thereby drilling holes in the pit wall to form a horizontal seepage channel for laying horizontal seepage pipes of buried irrigation devices. The horizontal drilling transmission assembly can change the direction of power input to achieve horizontal drilling, and the horizontal drilling reciprocating adjustment assembly can realize the forward drilling and backward retraction of the horizontal drill rod. Horizontal drilling results in good pit-forming effect and high efficiency, and is especially suitable for laying buried irrigation devices with horizontal seepage pipes.

[0007] Preferably, in the aforementioned drilling device for creating horizontal channels, the horizontal drilling reciprocating adjustment assembly includes a drill rod drive gear and a drill rod reversing gear, which mesh with each other. The horizontal drill rod is driven by the drill rod drive gear. The horizontal drilling reciprocating adjustment assembly further includes a reversing adjustment assembly that allows the horizontal drilling transmission assembly to mesh with either the drill rod drive gear or the drill rod reversing gear. Direct meshing of the horizontal drilling transmission assembly with the drill rod drive gear allows it to rotate in one direction, driving the drill rod. Indirect meshing of the horizontal drilling transmission assembly with the drill rod reversing gear allows it to rotate in the opposite direction, thus driving the drill rod to move in the opposite direction, thereby achieving the reversing adjustment function.

[0008] Preferably, in the aforementioned drilling device for creating horizontal channels, the reversing adjustment assembly includes a movable support rod that allows one of the drill rod drive gear and the drill rod reversing gear to be connected to the horizontal drilling transmission assembly while simultaneously disengaging the other. The drill rod drive gear and the drill rod reversing gear are connected to the movable support rod via gear supports. The movable support rod allows for selective connection of one of the drill rod drive gear and the drill rod reversing gear to the horizontal drilling transmission assembly, while ensuring the other remains disengaged, thus guaranteeing operational reliability and facilitating adjustment.

[0009] Preferably, in the aforementioned drilling device for creating horizontal channels, one end of the movable support rod is hinged to a hinge support, and the other end is equipped with an automatic reversing trigger mechanism that allows the movable support rod to move so that one of the drill rod drive gears or drill rod reversing gears is connected to the horizontal drilling transmission assembly. The hinge support ensures that the movable support rod moves only in a preset manner, thus allowing for accurate and reliable reversing adjustments. Combined with the automatic reversing trigger mechanism, it also enables automatic triggering of reversing actions.

[0010] Preferably, in the aforementioned drilling device for creating horizontal channels, the automatic reversing trigger mechanism includes a wedge key rod and a wedge key that can push the movable support rod. The movable support rod is placed on the inclined surface of the wedge key. One end of the wedge key rod is connected to the wedge key, and the other end is provided with a retraction baffle. The automatic reversing trigger mechanism also includes a tail plate, which is connected to the horizontal drill rod and can reciprocate horizontally with the horizontal drill rod. The tail plate has a wedge key rod hole through which the wedge key rod passes. The wedge key rod passes through the wedge key rod hole and can slide within it. One side of the tail plate has a front spring that can push the wedge key to move in one direction, and the other side of the tail plate has a rear spring that can push the retraction baffle to move in the opposite direction. Using this automatic reversing trigger mechanism, automatic reversal at a preset drilling distance can be achieved. All actions are implemented through a mechanical mechanism, resulting in high reliability and sensitivity. It can drill the required horizontal channel underground without visibility, ensuring the accuracy of the pit formation.

[0011] In the aforementioned pit-forming device for drilling horizontal channels, preferably, the wedge key is placed on a wedge key groove to limit its movement range, the movable support rod is connected to a tension spring, and the wedge key rod is connected to a sleeve support for supporting the wedge key rod and guiding its movement. The wedge key groove can constrain the movement range of the wedge key, preventing excessive displacement, and can also work with other structures to ensure the drilling stroke of the horizontal drill rod. The tension spring can limit the movement of the movable support rod, ensuring its switching between two states. The sleeve support ensures the displacement direction of the wedge key rod and guarantees its movement accuracy, thereby effectively improving the reliability of the entire automatic reversing function.

[0012] Preferably, in the aforementioned pit-forming device for drilling horizontal channels, the wedge key has a first position and a second position. When the wedge key is in the first position, the horizontal drilling transmission assembly can drive the horizontal drill rod to drill forward. When the wedge key is in the second position, the horizontal drilling transmission assembly can drive the horizontal drill rod to retract backward. The front spring of the tailstock is used to move the wedge key to the second position, and the rear spring of the tailstock is used to move the wedge key to the first position. The first position and the second position correspond to two reversing switching points. When the wedge key is in these two positions, the movement direction of the horizontal drill rod can be switched.

[0013] Preferably, in the aforementioned drilling device for creating horizontal channels, the horizontal drill rod includes a horizontal drill bit and a lead screw. The lead screw is connected to the drill rod drive gear. The horizontal drilling transmission assembly includes an inner shaft, a horizontal drilling intermediate transmission gear set, and a horizontal drilling main transmission gear that meshes with the drill rod drive gear or the drill rod reversing gear. The inner shaft is driven by the horizontal drilling intermediate transmission gear set, and the horizontal drilling intermediate transmission gear set is driven by the horizontal drilling main transmission gear. The horizontal drilling intermediate transmission gear set can convert the vertical rotation of the inner shaft into horizontal rotation. By cooperating with the lead screw structure, the rotational power can be converted into a force for straight drilling. The use of an inner shaft and an outer shaft structure makes the structure more compact and allows for a shared power input source.

[0014] Preferably, in the aforementioned drilling device for creating horizontal channels, the horizontal drill rod is equipped with a guide mechanism that enables the horizontal drill rod to rotate. This guide mechanism allows the horizontal drill rod to have both axial and rotational movement, resulting in higher efficiency and better performance in horizontal drilling.

[0015] Preferably, in the aforementioned drilling device for creating horizontal channels, the guide rotation mechanism includes a guide rotation collar, a guide rotation rod, and a guide rotation ball head. The guide rotation ball head is inserted into the thread of the lead screw. The guide rotation collar is located on the periphery of the horizontal drill rod and does not contact it. One end of the guide rotation rod is fixedly connected to the guide rotation ball head, and the other end is fixedly connected to the guide rotation collar. The guide rotation ball head extends into the thread of the lead screw. When the lead screw moves axially, its threaded surface contacts the guide rotation ball head. Under the constraint of the guide rotation ball head, the lead screw needs to rotate to continue moving axially, thus achieving both axial and rotational movement of the horizontal drill rod, improving its drilling capability. The guide rotation rod, positioned between the guide rotation ball head and the guide rotation collar, serves as a connector. The guide rotation collar can distribute and transmit force, and its non-contact with the horizontal drill rod avoids affecting its normal movement.

[0016] Preferably, the aforementioned pit-forming device for drilling horizontal channels further includes a drive assembly and a vertical pit-forming mechanism for digging in the vertical direction. A power switching assembly is provided between the drive assembly and the vertical pit-forming mechanism or the horizontal drilling mechanism to drive the drive assembly to either the vertical pit-forming mechanism or the horizontal drilling mechanism. The vertical pit-forming mechanism can be used to dig a pit in the vertical direction first, and then the power switching assembly can be used to switch the vertical pit-forming mechanism to stop working and allow the horizontal drilling mechanism to drill a horizontal channel. This is suitable for the pit-forming layout of buried irrigation devices with horizontal permeable pipes. The power switching assembly can switch the driving force to either the vertical pit-forming mechanism or the horizontal drilling mechanism, thus allowing them to share the same rotary power input source.

[0017] Preferably, in the above-mentioned drilling and excavation device for horizontal channels, the vertical drilling mechanism includes an upper tool holder, a side tool, and a cutting bottom tool. An upper connecting adjustment member is provided between the rotation shaft of the vertical drilling mechanism and the upper tool holder, allowing for adjustment of the inward and outward extension distance of the upper tool holder. The upper connecting adjustment member is fixedly connected to both the rotation shaft of the vertical drilling mechanism and the upper tool holder. The cutting bottom tool is located below the upper tool holder, and a lower connecting adjustment member is provided between the rotation shaft of the vertical drilling mechanism and the cutting bottom tool, allowing for adjustment of the inward and outward extension distance of the cutting bottom tool. The lower connecting adjustment member is fixedly connected to both the rotation shaft of the vertical drilling mechanism and the cutting bottom tool. The side tool is located between the upper tool holder and the cutting bottom tool, with one end hinged to the outer extended end of the upper tool holder and the other end hinged to the outer extended end of the cutting bottom tool. The upper tool holder, side blades, and bottom cutting blade together form a frame-like structure. After being connected and fixed at various points, the hinge connection points between the side blades and the upper tool holder and bottom cutting blade are also fixed. If necessary, limit fasteners can be installed at the hinge connection points between the side blades and the upper tool holder and bottom cutting blade. After being connected to an external rotational power source, the rotational power source can drive the overall frame structure composed of the upper tool holder, side blades, and bottom cutting blade to rotate and cut the soil to form a pit. The extension distance of the upper tool holder, i.e., the size of the pit opening diameter, can be adjusted through the upper connecting adjustment component, and the extension distance of the bottom cutting blade, i.e., the size of the pit bottom diameter, can be adjusted through the lower connecting adjustment component. In addition, the tilt angle of the side blades can also be adjusted. It can not only dig and drill cylindrical or frustum-shaped pits, but also flexibly adjust the pit opening, pit bottom diameter, and pit wall tilt angle according to actual needs. The structure is simple and flexible to use.

[0018] Preferably, in the aforementioned drilling and horizontal channel excavation device, the upper connecting adjustment component includes an upper connecting platform. The upper connecting platform has a shaft hole through which the rotating shaft of the vertical excavation mechanism passes. The rotating shaft of the vertical excavation mechanism is fixedly connected to the upper connecting platform. The upper tool holder has an upper tool holder slot. The upper connecting platform and the upper tool holder are connected by a detachable upper connecting component. The rotating shaft can drive the upper connecting platform and its upper tool holder to rotate together, and the angle and position of the upper tool holder can be adjusted as needed to adjust the top diameter and side inclination of the pit.

[0019] Preferably, in the aforementioned drilling and excavation device for horizontal channels, the upper connecting platform is provided with an inner groove. The upper connecting component includes an upper connecting bolt and an upper bent bolt. The upper connecting bolt passes through the upper tool holder slot and connects to the upper connecting platform. One end of the upper bent bolt is a bent portion, which is located in the inner groove and mates with it. The other end of the upper bent bolt passes through the upper tool holder slot and is fixed. Upper bent bolts are provided on both sides of the upper connecting bolt. The upper tool holder, the upper connecting platform, and the rotating shaft are fixed in the middle by the upper connecting bolt, while the upper tool holder is fixedly connected on both sides by the upper bent bolt. This structure not only provides a stable connection and disperses the force, but is also suitable for environments where soil needs to be cut. Since the upper bent bolt can slide within the inner groove, it also facilitates the adjustment of the position and angle of the upper tool holder, making it flexible and convenient to use.

[0020] Preferably, in the aforementioned drilling and excavation device for horizontal channels, the lower connecting adjustment component includes a lower connecting platform. The lower connecting platform has a shaft hole through which the rotating shaft of the vertical drilling mechanism passes. The rotating shaft of the vertical drilling mechanism is fixedly connected to the lower connecting platform. The cutting bottom cutter has a bottom cutter shank for fixed connection with the lower connecting platform. The lower connecting platform has a lower movable groove into which the bottom cutter shank slides. The lower movable groove has a lower fixing hole. The bottom cutter shank has a lower adjusting hole for adjusting its fixed position. The lower adjusting hole and the lower fixing hole have lower fixing components for fixing the cutting bottom cutter and the lower connecting platform. When it is necessary to adjust the pit bottom diameter, the lower fixing component is first loosened, and the bottom cutter shank is slid along the movable groove to adjust its position. After moving to the target position, the lower fixing component is used to re-fix it, thereby achieving the drilling of pits with different bottom sizes. The structure is simple and easy to use.

[0021] Preferably, in the aforementioned pit-forming device for drilling horizontal channels, the cutting bottom cutter further includes a transition section and a cutting section. The cutting section is positioned lower than the bottom cutter shank. The two ends of the transition section are connected to the bottom cutter shank and the cutting section, respectively. A central drill bit is located at the bottom of the rotating shaft of the vertical pit-forming mechanism. A fixed pit bottom cutting tool is positioned between the central drill bit and the cutting section, with the fixed pit bottom cutting tool positioned at the same height as the cutting section. The pit bottom radius is fully covered by the central drill bit, the fixed pit bottom cutting tool, and the cutting bottom cutter, resulting in a flat pit bottom, facilitating the installation of the buried irrigation device and ensuring its installation accuracy.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] 1. The pit-forming device for drilling horizontal channels of the present invention, wherein the horizontal drill rod can perform reciprocating drilling motion in the horizontal direction under the action of the horizontal drilling transmission component and the horizontal drilling reciprocating adjustment component, thereby drilling holes in the pit wall to form a horizontal seepage channel for laying horizontal seepage pipes of buried water irrigators. The horizontal drilling transmission component can switch the direction of power input to achieve horizontal drilling, and the horizontal drilling reciprocating adjustment component can realize the forward drilling and backward retraction of the horizontal drill rod. The horizontal drilling pit-forming effect is good and the efficiency is high, and it is especially suitable for laying buried water irrigators with horizontal seepage pipes.

[0024] 2. The present invention further enables flexible reversing of the horizontal drill rod by setting a reversing adjustment component. With the help of the automatic reversing trigger mechanism, the reversing can be performed automatically under set conditions, which is convenient for controlling the horizontal drilling depth and improving drilling accuracy. This is beneficial for the deployment of buried irrigation devices, thereby expanding the wetted area of ​​the crop root zone and improving the uniformity of subsequent irrigation.

[0025] 3. The present invention further provides a guide rotation mechanism, which enables the horizontal drill rod to have both axial and rotational motion, which is beneficial to improving the drilling efficiency and drilling effect of horizontal drilling.

[0026] 4. This invention further includes a vertical pit-forming mechanism that can also dig pits vertically. The upper tool holder, side blades, and bottom cutting blade of the vertical pit-forming mechanism form an integral structure. When the rotating shaft rotates, it drives the upper tool holder, side blades, and bottom cutting blade to rotate together, efficiently cutting the soil to achieve vertical pit formation. The extension distance of the upper tool holder, i.e., the pit opening diameter, can be adjusted through the upper connecting adjustment component, and the extension distance of the bottom cutting blade, i.e., the pit bottom diameter, can be adjusted through the lower connecting adjustment component. In addition, the tilt angle of the side blade can also be adjusted. It can not only dig and drill cylindrical, frustum, and conical pits, but also flexibly adjust the pit opening, pit bottom diameter, and pit wall tilt angle according to actual needs. The structure is simple and flexible to use. Furthermore, under the action of the bottom cutting blade, the fixed pit bottom cutting blade, and the axial drill bit, the pit bottom can be made flat, which is beneficial for the installation of buried irrigation devices. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the pit-forming device in an embodiment.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal drilling mechanism in the embodiment, viewed from the front.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a top-view structural diagram of the horizontal drilling mechanism in the embodiment.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the commutation adjustment component in the embodiment.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the automatic reversing trigger mechanism in the embodiment.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the tail section structure in the embodiment.

[0033] Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of the upper connecting adjustment member in the embodiment, viewed from the front.

[0034] Figure 8 This is a top view of the structure of the upper connecting adjustment component in the embodiment.

[0035] Figure 9 This is a structural schematic diagram of the upper and lower connecting adjustment member in the embodiment, viewed from the front.

[0036] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lower connecting adjustment member in the embodiment, viewed from the side.

[0037] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the power switching assembly in the embodiment.

[0038] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the locking mechanism in the embodiment, viewed from the front.

[0039] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the locking mechanism from the side view in the embodiment.

[0040] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting tool in the front view of the embodiment.

[0041] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting tool in the embodiment, viewed from below.

[0042] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the drill rod drive gear support and the horizontal drill rod in the embodiment.

[0043] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the guide rotation mechanism in the embodiment.

[0044] Legend:

[0045] a. Vertical pit-forming mechanism; b. Horizontal drilling mechanism; c. Power switching control mechanism; d. Drive assembly;

[0046] 1. Rotary power source; 2. Power shaft; 3. Power switching assembly; 311. Upper outer bearing; 312. Lower outer bearing; 313. Power switching housing; 3131. Switching control lever sleeve; 3132. Gear position plate; 321. First vertical pit-forming transmission gear; 322. First horizontal drilling transmission gear; 323. Second vertical pit-forming transmission gear; 324. Second horizontal drilling transmission gear; 331. Power switching control lever; 3311. Outer gear position slot; 3312. Neutral gear position slot; 3313. Inner gear position slot; 332. Vertical power transmission connecting gear; 333. Horizontal power transmission connecting gear; 35. Inner bearing; 3 6. Inner shaft; 37. Inner shaft bearing; 38. Vertical shaft bevel gear; 4. Outer shaft; 5. Upper connecting platform; 51. Upper platform side bolt hole; 52. Upper platform front bolt hole; 53. Slide groove structure; 54. Upper platform side bolt; 55. Upper connecting platform elevation; 56. Upper connecting platform side; 6. Middle connecting platform; 61. Middle platform support plate; 611. Wedge key slide groove; 621. Horizontal shaft bevel gear; 622. Horizontal shaft; 623. Horizontal shaft support; 624. Main drive gear assembly; 6241. Horizontal drilling main drive gear; 6242. Horizontal drilling main drive gear fixing base; 63. Horizontal drilling reciprocating adjustment assembly; 631. Drill rod drive Gear; 6311, Drill pipe drive gear shaft hole; 6312, Support bearing; 632, Drill pipe reversing gear; 633, Drill pipe drive gear support; 6331, Guide ring; 6332, Guide rod; 6333, Guide ball head; 634, Drill pipe reversing gear support; 635, Movable support rod; 636, Hinge support; 637, Tension spring fixing bracket; 638, Tension spring; 641, Wedge key; 642, Wedge key rod; 643, Tail disc front spring; 644, Tail disc; 645, Tail disc rear spring; 646, Retraction baffle; 647, Sleeve hole support; 648, Wedge key rod hole; 8, Lower connecting platform; 81, Lower movable groove; 82, Lower fixed hole 9. Lifting guide vane; 10. Shaft drill bit; 11. Upper tool post; 111. Upper tool post slot; 113. Upper bending bolt; 114. Upper connecting bolt; 115. Nut washer; 12. Side cutter; 13. Front support; 131. Locking mechanism; 1311. Chain belt fixing screw; 1312. Locking chain belt; 14. Cutting bottom cutter; 141. Bottom cutter handle; 142. Lower adjusting hole; 143. Lower fixing piece; 144. Lower connecting hinge; 15. Fixed pit bottom cutter; 16. Horizontal drill rod; 161. Horizontal drill bit; 17. Sealing cover; 18. Lower shaft; 191. Back of cutter; 192. Tooth cutter; 193. Bottom cutting edge; 194. Side cutting edge. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully and in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments.

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, the drilling device for horizontal channels in this embodiment includes a vertical drilling mechanism a, a horizontal drilling mechanism b, and a drive assembly d. A power switching assembly 3 is provided between the drive assembly d and the vertical drilling mechanism a or the horizontal drilling mechanism b for driving the drive assembly d to the vertical drilling mechanism a or the horizontal drilling mechanism b. The power switching assembly 3 includes a power switching control mechanism c that can drive the drive assembly d to the vertical drilling mechanism a or the horizontal drilling mechanism b by moving its position.

[0049] In this embodiment, the drive component d includes a rotary power source 1 and a power shaft 2. The rotary power source 1 is used to provide rotational power to the pit-forming device. The power shaft 2 is connected to the rotary power source 1 and rotates under the action of the rotary power source 1 to drive the vertical pit-forming mechanism a to dig a pit in the vertical direction, or to drive the horizontal drilling mechanism b to drill a horizontal channel in the horizontal direction.

[0050] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the horizontal drilling mechanism b can drill a horizontal channel in the horizontal direction under the drive of the drive component d, so as to facilitate the laying of the horizontal seepage pipe of the buried irrigation device. The horizontal drilling mechanism specifically includes a middle connecting platform 6, the bottom of which includes a middle platform support plate 61. Internally, it also includes a vertical-to-horizontal power conversion mechanism, a drive transmission mechanism for the horizontal drill rod 16, and a transmission mechanism for reciprocating drilling. The middle platform support plate 61 is located above the lower shaft 18, the upper part of which is connected to the outer shaft 4. The transmission components on the middle platform support plate 61 are hollowed out through the area of ​​the outer shaft 4. The main function of the middle connecting platform 6 is to use its internal components to convert the vertical axis rotational power direction of the inner shaft 36 into the horizontal axis rotational power direction, and drive the horizontal drill rod 16 to move, controlling the direction of movement of the horizontal drill rod 16 (drilling or reversing). To ensure the normal operation of the transmission mechanism, a sealing cover 17 is provided on the middle platform support plate 61 to prevent soil from entering the transmission system and causing malfunctions during drilling.

[0051] In this embodiment, the horizontal drilling mechanism b includes a horizontal drill rod 16, a horizontal drilling transmission assembly, and a horizontal drilling reciprocating adjustment assembly 63 that enables the horizontal drill rod 16 to reciprocate. The horizontal drill rod 16 is connected to the horizontal drilling reciprocating adjustment assembly 63, and the horizontal drilling transmission assembly is connected to the horizontal drilling reciprocating adjustment assembly 63 in a transmission connection.

[0052] In this embodiment, the horizontal drill rod 16 includes a horizontal drill bit 161 and a lead screw, which is connected to the drill rod drive gear 631. Specifically, the horizontal drill rod 16 is a threaded lead screw, which is connected to the horizontal drilling reciprocating adjustment assembly 63. The lead screw is screwed into the drill rod drive gear shaft hole 6311, which has the same thread, on the drill rod drive gear 631. When the horizontal drilling main drive gear 6241 rotates, the drill rod drive gear 631 meshes with it, causing the drill rod drive gear 631 to rotate, thus initiating the movement of the horizontal drill rod 16. The foremost part of the horizontal drill rod 16 is the horizontal drill bit 161. Behind the horizontal drill bit 161 are the front support 13 and locking mechanism 131 of the horizontal drill rod 16. The front support 13 and locking mechanism 131 are mounted on the back of the side cutter 12, serving as a bracket structure to support the horizontal drill rod 16. The locking mechanism 131 can lock the horizontal drill bit 161 during vertical drilling and release its locking action during horizontal drilling to ensure normal horizontal drilling operations. The rear support of the horizontal drill rod 16 is its end plate 644, connected by a bearing. The end plate 644 does not rotate with the horizontal drill rod 16, but only moves axially with it. The bottom of the end plate 644 is located on the middle platform support plate 61 and can slide or roll axially.

[0053] like Figure 16 and Figure 17As shown, in this embodiment, the horizontal drill rod 16 is provided with a guide rotation mechanism that enables the horizontal drill rod 16 to rotate. The guide rotation mechanism includes a guide rotation collar 6331, a guide rotation rod 6332, and a guide rotation ball head 6333. The guide rotation ball head 6333 is inserted into the thread of the lead screw. The guide rotation collar 6331 is located on the periphery of the horizontal drill rod 16 and does not contact the horizontal drill rod 16. One end of the guide rotation rod 6332 is fixedly connected to the guide rotation ball head 6333, and the other end is fixedly connected to the guide rotation collar 6331. Specifically, the guide rotation collar 6331 is fixed to the drill rod drive gear support 633 by a fixed connecting rod. A support bearing 6312 is provided between the drill rod drive gear support 633 and the drill rod drive gear 631. The horizontal drill rod 16 passes through the guide rotation collar 6331 but does not contact the guide rotation collar 6331. The central axis of the guide rotation collar 6331 is the same as the axis of the horizontal drill rod 16. The guide rod 6332 is fixed inside the guide collar 6331, and its end is connected to a guide ball head 6333, which extends into the thread groove of the lead screw of the horizontal drill rod 16. When the horizontal drill rod 16 moves axially, the end of the guide ball head 6333 contacts the threaded surface of the lead screw, generating a normal pressure in the normal direction of the contact point of the threaded surface. This normal pressure can be decomposed into axial resistance and circumferential rotational force. Since the axial force generated by the drill rod drive gear 631 is greater than the axial resistance of the guide ball head 6333, the horizontal drill rod 16 can still move along the original axial direction, but its axial speed is reduced compared to the axial speed without the guide mechanism. At the same time, under the action of the circumferential rotational force of the guide ball head 6333, the horizontal drill rod 16 rotates, thus realizing that the horizontal drill rod 16 has both axial and rotational motion, improving the efficiency and drilling capability of the horizontal drill bit 161.

[0054] In this embodiment, the horizontal drilling transmission assembly includes an inner shaft 36, a horizontal drilling intermediate transmission gear set, and a horizontal drilling main transmission gear 6241 that can mesh with the drill rod transmission gear 631 or the drill rod reversing gear 632. The inner shaft 36 is connected to the horizontal drilling intermediate transmission gear set, and the horizontal drilling intermediate transmission gear set is connected to the horizontal drilling main transmission gear 6241. Specifically, the top end of the lower shaft 18 is on the same plane as the top surface of the middle platform support plate 61. The lower end of the inner shaft 36 is provided with an inner shaft bearing 37, which fixes the inner shaft 36 to the top end of the lower shaft 18 (on the top surface of the middle platform support plate 61), allowing only axial rotation. The lower end of the inner shaft 36 above the inner shaft bearing 37 is fixed with a vertical shaft bevel gear 38. The lower end of the horizontal shaft support 623 is fixed to the middle platform support plate 61, and the upper end is connected to the horizontal shaft 622 through a bearing. One end of the horizontal shaft 622 is provided with a horizontal shaft bevel gear 621 connected by a key, which meshes with the vertical shaft bevel gear 38. The other end of the horizontal shaft 622 is connected to the main drive gear assembly 624. The main drive gear assembly 624 includes a horizontal drilling main drive gear 6241 and a horizontal drilling main drive gear fixing base 6242 (fixed to the middle platform support plate 61). The horizontal shaft 622 is connected to the horizontal drilling main drive gear 6241 through a key. The transmission process of the horizontal drilling transmission assembly is as follows: inner shaft 36—vertical shaft bevel gear 38—horizontal shaft bevel gear 621—horizontal shaft 622—horizontal drilling main transmission gear 6241, thereby realizing the function of reversing the vertical and horizontal rotational power, converting the vertical shaft rotation of the inner shaft 36 into the horizontal shaft rotation of the horizontal drilling main transmission gear 6241.

[0055] like Figure 4As shown, in this embodiment, the horizontal drilling reciprocating adjustment assembly 63 includes a drill rod drive gear 631 and a drill rod reversing gear 632. The drill rod drive gear 631 and the drill rod reversing gear 632 mesh with each other. The horizontal drill rod 16 is drivenly connected to the drill rod drive gear 631. The horizontal drilling reciprocating adjustment assembly 63 also includes a reversing adjustment assembly that can mesh with either the horizontal drilling transmission assembly or the drill rod drive gear 631 or the drill rod reversing gear 632. The reversing adjustment assembly includes a movable support rod 635 that can drive one of the drill rod drive gear 631 and the drill rod reversing gear 632 to the horizontal drilling transmission assembly while disengaging the other from the horizontal drilling transmission assembly. The drill rod drive gear 631 and the drill rod reversing gear 632 are connected to the movable support rod 635 through a gear support. One end of the movable support rod 635 is hinged to a hinge support 636, and the other end is equipped with an automatic reversing trigger mechanism that allows the movable support rod 635 to move so that one of the drill rod drive gear 631 or the drill rod reversing gear 632 is connected to the horizontal drilling transmission assembly. Specifically, the drill rod drive gear 631 is fixed to the movable support rod 635 via a drill rod drive gear support 633, and the drill rod reversing gear 632 is fixed to the drill rod drive gear support 633 via a drill rod reversing gear support 634 and is kept at an angle so that the drill rod drive gear 631 and the drill rod reversing gear 632 are always meshed, and as long as one rotates, the other will rotate accordingly. The movable support rod 635 has a lever-type structure, with one end fixed to the middle platform support plate 61 in the form of a hinge, allowing the movable support rod 635 to rotate around its hinge support 636, and the other end resting on the wedge key 641. When the lever-type movable support rod 635 rotates around its hinge support 636, the drill rod drive gear 631 and the drill rod reversing gear 632 also rotate accordingly, resulting in two states: the drill rod drive gear 631 meshes with the horizontal drilling main drive gear 6241, which directly drives the drill rod drive gear 631 to rotate, causing the horizontal drill rod 16 to move forward; the drill rod reversing gear 632 meshes with the horizontal drilling main drive gear 6241, which first drives the drill rod reversing gear 632 to rotate, and then drives the drill rod drive gear 631 to rotate in the opposite direction, causing the horizontal drill rod 16 to move backward, thus realizing the process of horizontal forward drilling and then retracting the horizontal drill rod 16.

[0056] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, in this embodiment, the automatic reversing trigger mechanism includes a wedge key rod 642 and a wedge key 641 that can push a movable support rod 635. The simply supported end of the movable support rod 635 is placed on the inclined surface of the wedge key 641. One end of the wedge key rod 642 is connected to the wedge key 641, and the other end is provided with a retraction baffle 646. The automatic reversing trigger mechanism also includes a tail plate 644. The tail plate 644 is connected to the horizontal drill rod 16 and can reciprocate along the horizontal direction with the horizontal drill rod 16. The tail plate 644 is provided with a wedge key rod hole 648 through which the wedge key rod 642 can pass. The wedge key rod 642 is provided through the wedge key rod hole 648 and can slide in the wedge key rod hole 648. One side of the tail plate 644 is provided with a tail plate front spring 643 that can push the wedge key 641 to move in one direction, and the other side of the tail plate 644 is provided with a tail plate rear spring 645 that can push the retraction baffle 646 to move in the opposite direction. Specifically, the top surface of the wedge key 641 is an inclined plane, on which the end of the movable support rod 635 rests. When the wedge key 641 moves forward, it overcomes the tension of the tension spring 638 on the upper part of the movable support rod 635, causing the end of the movable support rod 635 to rise upward. That is, the movable support rod 635 rotates clockwise around its hinge support 636, and the state of engagement between the drill rod drive gear 631 and the horizontal drilling main drive gear 6241 is changed to engagement between the drill rod reversing gear 632 and the horizontal drilling main drive gear 6241. When gear 6241 is engaged, since drill rod drive gear 631 and drill rod reversing gear 632 are always engaged, drill rod drive gear 631 rotates in the opposite direction, causing horizontal drill rod 16 to move backward. Similarly, when wedge key 641 moves backward, movable support rod 635 rotates counterclockwise around its hinge support 636, restoring the engagement state between drill rod drive gear 631 and horizontal drilling main drive gear 6241, and horizontal drill rod 16 achieves motion reversal and begins to move forward.

[0057] In this embodiment, one end of the wedge key rod 642 is fixed to the wedge key 641, and the other end is connected to the sleeve support 647 fixed to the middle platform support plate 61 through a hole, so that the wedge key rod 642 can only move axially under the constraint of the sleeve support 647. The tailstock 644 has a wedge key hole 648, with a front tailstock spring 643 and a rear tailstock spring 645 fixed on each side. The wedge key 642 passes through the wedge key hole 648, the front tailstock spring 643, and the rear tailstock spring 645. The tailstock 644 moves back and forth with the horizontal drill pipe 16, thereby causing the front tailstock spring 643 and the rear tailstock spring 645 to slide axially on the wedge key 642. A retraction baffle 646 is fixed on the wedge key 642. Its function is that when the tailstock 644 moves backward (i.e., the horizontal drill pipe 16 moves backward), the rear tailstock spring 645 contacts it, and the spring is compressed and deformed to store energy. The tension generated by the stored energy of the spring and the force of the horizontal drill pipe 16 driving the tailstock 644 to move backward act on the retraction baffle 646, causing the retraction baffle 646 to move backward rapidly, thereby causing the wedge key 641 to also move backward rapidly. The movement of the movable support rod 635 causes it to rotate and reset, and the drill rod transmission gear 631 engages with the horizontal drilling main transmission gear 6241, realizing the reversal of the horizontal drill rod 16's movement. The horizontal drill rod 16 begins to move forward. The function of the tailstock front spring 643 is that when the horizontal drill rod 16 is about to reach its maximum stroke during forward drilling, the tailstock front spring 643 on the tailstock 644 contacts the wedge key 641 and compresses the spring, and the spring begins to store energy and form tension. When the horizontal drill rod 16 continues to move forward, the tailstock 644, under the combined force of the forward force of the horizontal drill rod 16 and the tension of the tailstock front spring 643, pushes the wedge key 641 to move forward rapidly, lifting the end of the movable support rod 635 and making it rotate clockwise. The drill rod reversing gear 632 engages with the horizontal drilling main transmission gear 6241, realizing the automatic reversal of the horizontal drill rod 16's movement, and the horizontal drill rod 16 begins to move backward.

[0058] In this embodiment, the wedge key 641 is placed on the wedge key groove 611, which limits the range of movement of the wedge key 641. The movable support rod 635 is connected to a tension spring 638, and the wedge key rod 642 is connected to a sleeve support 647, which supports the wedge key rod 642 and guides its movement. Specifically, a tension spring 638 is connected above one end of the movable support rod 635. One end of the tension spring fixing bracket 637 is fixed to the middle platform support plate 61, and the other end is connected to the tension spring 638. The tension spring 638 is fixed to the ends of the tension spring fixing bracket 637 and the movable support rod 635, and its function is to limit the movement of the movable support rod 635 by using the tension of the tension spring 638. The wedge key 641 is placed in the wedge key groove 611 on the middle platform support plate 61 and can slide back and forth in the wedge key groove 611 to avoid excessive displacement of the wedge key 641.

[0059] In this embodiment, the wedge key 641 has a first position and a second position. When the wedge key 641 is in the first position, the horizontal drilling transmission assembly can drive the horizontal drill rod 16 to drill forward. When the wedge key 641 is in the second position, the horizontal drilling transmission assembly can drive the horizontal drill rod 16 to retract backward. The front spring 643 of the tailstock is used to move the wedge key 641 to the second position, and the rear spring 645 of the tailstock is used to move the wedge key 641 to the first position. Specifically, when the wedge key 641 is in the first position, the movable support rod 635 is in the initial position, and the drill rod transmission gear 631 is engaged with the horizontal drilling main transmission gear 6241. When the wedge key 641 is in the second position, the movable support rod 635 is raised, and the drill rod reversing gear 632 is engaged with the horizontal drilling main transmission gear 6241, causing the drill rod transmission gear 631 to rotate in the opposite direction. Automatic reversal can be achieved by using the front spring 643 and the rear spring 645 of the tailstock.

[0060] In this embodiment, the hole on the front support 13 through which the horizontal drill rod 16 passes is a slotted hole, and the wedge key hole 648 of the tailstock 644 is also a slotted hole. The slotted holes allow for spatial variation, making them more adaptable to positional changes during adjustment and resulting in a more stable structure.

[0061] In this embodiment, the vertical pit-forming mechanism a can dig pits in the vertical direction under the drive of the drive component d. Specifically, it includes an outer shaft 4, an upper connecting platform 5, a lower connecting platform 8, a spindle drill bit 10, an upper tool holder 11, a side tool 12, a cutting bottom tool 14, a fixed pit bottom cutter 15, and other structures.

[0062] In this embodiment, the vertical pitting mechanism a includes an upper tool holder 11, a side blade 12, and a cutting bottom blade 14. An upper connecting adjustment member is provided between the rotation shaft of the vertical pitting mechanism a and the upper tool holder 11 to adjust the inner and outer extension distance of the upper tool holder 11. The upper connecting adjustment member is fixedly connected to both the rotation shaft of the vertical pitting mechanism a and the upper tool holder 11. The cutting bottom blade 14 is located below the upper tool holder 11. A lower connecting adjustment member is provided between the rotation shaft of the vertical pitting mechanism a and the cutting bottom blade 14 to adjust the inner and outer extension distance of the cutting bottom blade 14. The lower connecting adjustment member is fixedly connected to both the rotation shaft of the vertical pitting mechanism a and the cutting bottom blade 14. The side blade 12 is located between the upper tool holder 11 and the cutting bottom blade 14. One end of the side blade 12 is hinged to the outer extended end of the upper tool holder 11, and the other end is hinged to the outer extended end of the cutting bottom blade 14. Specifically, the upper tool holder 11 is a rod with a slot in the middle. One end of it can be freely adjusted to fix the position of the upper connecting platform 5, and the other end is hinged to the side blade 12. Therefore, the angle between the side blade 12 and the horizontal plane can be adjusted. The side blade 12 is used to cut the soil of the pit wall. Its upper part is hinged to the upper tool holder 11, and its lower part is hinged to the outer end of the cutting bottom blade 14. When the upper tool holder 11 and the cutting bottom blade 14 are fixed, the spatial position of the side blade 12 can be fixed accordingly.

[0063] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, in this embodiment, the upper connecting adjustment component includes an upper connecting platform 5. The upper connecting platform 5 has a shaft hole through which the rotating shaft of the vertical pitting mechanism a passes. The rotating shaft of the vertical pitting mechanism a is fixedly connected to the upper connecting platform 5. The upper tool holder 11 has an upper tool holder slot 111. The longer side of the upper connecting platform 5 is connected to the upper tool holder 11 via a detachable upper connecting component. Specifically, the upper connecting platform 5 is a cuboid structure with a circular through hole in the middle as a shaft hole through which the outer shaft 4 passes. The upper connecting platform 5 is fixed to the outer shaft 4. Specifically, several corresponding upper platform side screw holes 51 and upper platform front screw holes 52 can be provided on the upper connecting platform 5 and the outer shaft 4. Then, the upper connecting platform 5 and the outer shaft 4 are connected and fixed together using upper platform side bolts 54 and upper connecting bolts 114.

[0064] In this embodiment, the upper connecting platform 5 is provided with an inner groove. The upper connecting component includes an upper connecting bolt 114 and an upper bending bolt 113. The upper connecting bolt 114 passes through the upper tool holder slot 111 and connects to the upper connecting platform 5 and the outer shaft 4. One end of the upper bending bolt 113 is a bent part, which is located in the inner groove on the shorter side of the upper connecting platform 5 and cooperates with the inner groove. The other end of the upper bending bolt 113 passes through the upper tool holder slot 111 and is fixed. Upper bending bolts 113 are provided on both sides of the upper connecting bolt 114. Specifically, the function of the upper connecting platform 5 is to fix and adjust the upper tool holder 11. One upper tool holder 11 is fixed on each of the front and rear vertical surfaces 55 of the upper connecting platform. The upper tool holder 11 has an upper tool holder slot 111 in the middle of its rod, which facilitates the adjustment and fixing of the position of the upper tool holder 11. There are three fixed connections between the upper tool holder 11 and each upper connecting platform facade 55: The first is that the upper connecting bolt 114 (including the washer) passes through the upper tool holder slot 111 on the tool holder 11 and is screwed into the upper connecting platform 5 and the upper platform front screw hole 52 on the outer shaft 4 to fix the two together; the second and third are the two connection points between the upper connecting platform facade 55 and the upper connecting platform side 56, respectively. The upper bending bolt 113 is specifically a Γ-shaped bolt. The Γ-shaped bolt passes through the upper tool holder slot 111 and is fixed to the upper tool holder 11 by tightening the nut washer 115.

[0065] In this embodiment, the position adjustment and fixing method of the upper tool holder 11 and the upper connecting platform 5 is as follows: When the upper connecting bolt 114 is screwed into the screw hole 52 on the front of the upper platform but not fixed, the upper tool holder 11 can rotate around the upper connecting bolt 114 or move along the direction of the upper tool holder slot 111; the Γ-shaped bolt located on the side 56 of the upper connecting platform can slide up and down along the inner groove of the side 56 of the upper connecting platform (the inner groove and the bent part of the upper bent bolt 113 form a sliding groove structure 53) when the end nut washer 115 is not tightened, and the position adjustment of the upper tool holder 11 on the vertical surface 55 of the upper connecting platform has a following movement. When the position adjustment of the upper tool holder 11 on the vertical surface 55 of the upper connecting platform meets the requirements, the nut washer 115 on the upper connecting bolt 114 (including the washer) and the upper bent bolt 113 (Γ-shaped bolt) can be tightened to fix the upper tool holder 11 on the upper connecting platform 5.

[0066] like Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, in this embodiment, the lower connecting adjustment component includes a lower connecting platform 8. The lower connecting platform 8 has a shaft hole through which the rotating shaft of the vertical pitting mechanism a passes. The rotating shaft of the vertical pitting mechanism a is fixedly connected to the lower connecting platform 8. The cutting bottom knife 14 has a bottom knife handle 141 for fixed connection with the lower connecting platform 8. The lower connecting platform 8 has a lower movable groove 81 into which the bottom knife handle 141 slides. The lower movable groove 81 has a lower fixing hole 82. The bottom knife handle 141 has a lower adjusting hole 142 for adjustable fixed position. The lower adjusting hole 142 and the lower fixing hole 82 have a lower fixing component 143 for fixedly connecting the cutting bottom knife 14 and the lower connecting platform 8. Specifically, the upper half of the rotating shaft of the vertical pit-forming mechanism a is a hollow outer shaft 4, and the lower half is a solid lower shaft 18. The lower connecting platform 8 is fixed on the lower shaft 18, and its main function is to fix the cutting bottom cutter 14 and the fixed pit bottom cutter 15. The lower connecting platform 8 has a lower movable groove 81 and a lower fixing hole 82 for fixing the bottom cutter handle 141 at the front and rear. The bottom cutter handle 141 is installed in the lower movable groove 81 of the lower connecting platform 8 and can move and extend left and right. After the extension range is determined, the lower fixing part 143 (bolt and washer) is screwed into the lower fixing hole 82 (screw hole) for fixing.

[0067] In this embodiment, the cutting bottom cutter 14 further includes a transition section and a cutting section. The cutting section is set at a height lower than the bottom cutter shank 141. The two ends of the transition section are connected to the bottom cutter shank 141 and the cutting section, respectively. The bottom of the rotating shaft of the vertical pit-forming mechanism a is provided with a spindle drill bit 10. A fixed pit bottom cutting cutter 15 is provided between the spindle drill bit 10 and the cutting section. The fixed pit bottom cutting cutter 15 is set at the same height as the cutting section. Specifically, the cutting bottom cutter 14 is a Z-shaped rod. The upper part of the Z-shaped rod is the bottom cutter shank 141, with a slot (lower adjustment hole 142) in the middle. The lower part of the Z-shaped rod is the cutting section of the movable cutting bottom cutter, and the middle part of the Z-shaped rod is a connecting rod as a transition section. The length of the lower adjustment hole 142 determines the extension length of the cutting bottom cutter 14. The outer side of the cutting bottom cutter 14 is connected to the side cutter 12 by the lower connecting hinge 144. The back of the fixed pit bottom cutter 15 is fixed at the bottom middle position of the lower connecting platform 8. The inner end starts at the outer diameter of the spindle drill 10 and the outer end ends at the inner side of the cutting bottom cutter 14. The pit bottom radius is fully covered by the spindle drill 10, the fixed pit bottom cutter 15, and the cutting bottom cutter 14. The spindle drill 10 protrudes slightly beyond the bottom cutting edge 193 of the cutting bottom cutter 14 and the fixed pit bottom cutter 15, serving as the center for drilling and drilling positioning.

[0068] like Figure 14 and Figure 15 As shown, in this embodiment, the side cutter 12, the bottom cutting cutter 14, and the fixed pit bottom cutter 15 all adopt a comb-shaped structure, that is, one end of the toothed cutter 192 is fixed on its back 191, and the other end is the bottom cutting edge 193. The cross section of the toothed cutter 192 is curved, and the same as the bottom cutting edge 193. The front side of the toothed cutter 192 is the side cutting edge 194.

[0069] like Figure 11As shown, in this embodiment, the power switching control mechanism c includes a vertical power transmission connecting gear 332 for connecting the drive component d to the vertical pit-forming mechanism a and a horizontal power transmission connecting gear 333 for connecting the drive component d to the horizontal drilling mechanism b. The power switching control mechanism c also includes a power switching control lever 331. Both the vertical power transmission connecting gear 332 and the horizontal power transmission connecting gear 333 are mounted on the power switching control lever 331 and can move with the power switching control lever 331. Specifically, the vertical power transmission connecting gear 332 is a frustum bevel gear, and its cone angle is the same as that of the first vertical pit-forming transmission gear 321 and the second vertical pit-forming transmission gear 323. It is connected to a bearing fixed on the power switching control lever 331. The horizontal power transmission connecting gear 333 is a frustum bevel gear, and its cone angle is the same as that of the first horizontal drilling transmission gear 322 and the second horizontal drilling transmission gear 324. It is connected to a bearing fixed on the power switching control lever 331. The power switching control lever 331 is fixed in a bushing on the power switching housing 313 and can move along the axis. Bearings are fixed on it and connected to the vertical power transmission connecting gear 332 and the horizontal power transmission connecting gear 333 respectively. When the power switching control lever 331 moves axially to one side (moving to the left in the figure), the vertical power transmission connecting gear 332 can be inserted between the first vertical pit-forming transmission gear 321 and the second vertical pit-forming transmission gear 323 to mesh and transmit power. At this time, the horizontal power transmission connecting gear 333 disengages from the first horizontal drilling transmission gear 322 and the second horizontal drilling transmission gear 324 and stops power transmission. When the power switching control lever 331 moves axially to the other side (moving to the right in the figure), the horizontal power transmission connecting gear 333 can be inserted between the first horizontal drilling transmission gear 322 and the second horizontal drilling transmission gear 324 to mesh and transmit power. At this time, the vertical power transmission connecting gear 332 disengages from the first vertical pit-forming transmission gear 321 and the second vertical pit-forming transmission gear 323 and stops power transmission.

[0070] In this embodiment, the end of the power shift control lever 331 is provided with a gear position slot for restricting the movement of the power shift control lever 331. Specifically, the gear position slot includes an outer gear position slot 3311, a neutral gear position slot 3312, and an inner gear position slot 3313. The gear position plate 3132 on the power shift housing 313 can be locked in the gear position slot to lock the current gear. When the gear shift plate 3132 is engaged in the outer gear shift slot 3311, it is in the outer gear state. At this time, the vertical power transmission connecting gear 332 is inserted between the first vertical pit-forming transmission gear 321 and the second vertical pit-forming transmission gear 323 to mesh and transmit power. The power shaft 2 drives the outer shaft 4 to rotate, and the two rotate in opposite directions. When the gear shift plate 3132 is engaged in the neutral gear shift slot 3312, it is in the neutral state. At this time, neither the vertical power transmission connecting gear 332 nor the horizontal power transmission connecting gear 333 is connected to any surrounding gears, and neither the outer shaft 4 nor the inner shaft 36 receives power. When the gear shift plate 3132 is engaged in the inner gear shift slot 3313, it is in the inner gear state. At this time, the horizontal power transmission connecting gear 333 is inserted between the first horizontal drilling transmission gear 322 and the second horizontal drilling transmission gear 324 to mesh and transmit power. The power shaft 2 drives the inner shaft 36 to rotate, and the two rotate in opposite directions.

[0071] In this embodiment, the vertical pit-forming mechanism a includes a first vertical pit-forming transmission gear 321 and a second vertical pit-forming transmission gear 323. A switching space is provided between the first vertical pit-forming transmission gear 321 and the second vertical pit-forming transmission gear 323 for a vertical power transmission connecting gear 332 to move in and engage, thereby connecting the vertical pit-forming mechanism a to the drive assembly d. The horizontal drilling mechanism b includes a first horizontal drilling transmission gear 322 and a second horizontal drilling transmission gear 324. A switching space is provided between the first horizontal drilling transmission gear 322 and the second horizontal drilling transmission gear 324 for a horizontal power transmission connecting gear 333 to move in and engage, thereby connecting the horizontal drilling mechanism b to the drive assembly d. Specifically, the first vertical pit-forming transmission gear 321 is an upper ring bevel gear, the first horizontal drilling transmission gear 322 is an upper frustum bevel gear, the second vertical pit-forming transmission gear 323 is a lower ring bevel gear, and the second horizontal drilling transmission gear 324 is a lower frustum bevel gear.

[0072] In this embodiment, the vertical pit-forming mechanism a includes an outer shaft 4, and a second vertical pit-forming transmission gear 323 is disposed at the end of the outer shaft 4. The horizontal drilling mechanism b includes an inner shaft 36, and a second horizontal drilling transmission gear 324 is disposed at the end of the inner shaft 36. The outer shaft 4 is a hollow structure, and the inner shaft 36 is disposed in the hollow cavity of the outer shaft 4. The drive assembly d includes a power shaft 2, a first vertical pit-forming transmission gear 321 is fixed on the outer ring of the end of the power shaft 2, and a first horizontal drilling transmission gear 322 is fixed at the middle position of the end of the power shaft 2. Specifically, the first vertical pitting transmission gear 321 is fixed on the lower end face of the power shaft 2, with their axes coinciding. Its outer diameter is the same as the diameter of the power shaft 2, and the difference between its outer diameter and inner diameter is slightly greater than the thickness of the vertical power transmission connecting gear 332. The second vertical pitting transmission gear 323 is exactly the same size as the first vertical pitting transmission gear 321, but it is fixed on the outer shaft 4, with its axis coinciding with the axis of the outer shaft 4. The first vertical pitting transmission gear 321 and the vertical power transmission connecting gear 332 have the same cone angle. When the vertical power transmission connecting gear 332 is pushed between the first vertical pitting transmission gear 321 and the second vertical pitting transmission gear 323, the three gears are fully engaged. Since the second vertical pitting transmission gear 323 is fixed on the outer shaft 4, the rotational driving force of the power shaft 2 can be transmitted to the outer shaft 4. The first horizontal drilling transmission gear 322 is fixed to the axial center area of ​​the lower end face of the power shaft 2, and their axes coincide. The second horizontal drilling transmission gear 324 is exactly the same size as the first horizontal drilling transmission gear 322, and their axes coincide, except that it is fixed to the upper end of the inner shaft 36. The inner bearing 35 is used to fix the inner shaft 36 inside the outer shaft 4, so that their rotational movements do not affect each other, and the axes of the inner shaft 36 and the outer shaft 4 are completely coincident.

[0073] In this embodiment, the power switching assembly 3 further includes a power switching housing 313, and a power switching control mechanism c is disposed in the power switching housing 313. The power switching housing 313 is provided with a switching control lever sleeve 3131 through which the power switching control lever 331 passes and restricts its movement path. The power switching housing 313 is also provided with a gear position plate 3132 for cooperating with the gear position slot to fix the power switching control lever 331. Specifically, the power transfer housing 313 is a closed frame structure. The upper part of the frame is fixedly connected to the upper outer bearing 311, and the lower part of the frame is fixedly connected to the lower outer bearing 312. The upper outer bearing 311 is fixed to the power shaft 2. When the power shaft 2 rotates, the upper outer bearing 311 prevents its external structure from rotating. The lower outer bearing 312 is fixed to the outer shaft 4. When the outer shaft 4 rotates, the lower outer bearing 312 prevents its external structure from rotating, allowing only the power shaft 2 and the outer shaft 4 to rotate freely. The upper outer bearing 311, the lower outer bearing 312, and the power transfer housing 313 together form an external upper and lower shaft connection mechanism, which should ensure that the power shaft 2 and the outer shaft 4 are on the same axis. The vertical height inside the frame is determined by the requirements of the power transfer control mechanism c. The transfer control lever sleeve 3131 is located in the middle of the frame to control the installation and operation of the power transfer control lever 331. The closed frame structure of the power transfer housing 313 can be designed in an axisymmetric form, such as an included angle of 90° or 60° between the frame planes, depending on the actual requirements. The gear shift plate 3132 is located on the power transfer housing 313, vertically above the end of the power transfer control lever 331, and is used to fix the gear position of the power transfer control lever 331. When the power transfer control lever 331 is positioned in the desired gear position, the gear shift plate 3132 can slide down into the corresponding gear position slot to fix this gear. Raising the gear shift plate 3132 away from the gear position slot allows for gear shifting.

[0074] like Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, in this embodiment, the horizontal drilling mechanism b includes a horizontal drill rod 16 and a locking mechanism 131 that restricts the outward movement of the horizontal drill rod 16. During the vertical drilling process, the horizontal drilling mechanism b is subjected to centrifugal force due to the rotation of the equipment. If it is not fixed, it will be thrown out radially and cause a malfunction. The locking mechanism 131 can restrict the outward movement of the horizontal drill rod 16 and prevent it from being thrown out, thus locking the horizontal drill rod.

[0075] In this embodiment, the locking mechanism 131 includes a locking chain 1312 and a chain fixing screw 1311. The two ends of the locking chain 1312 are fixed to the base of the front support 13 by the chain fixing screw 1311. When drilling vertically to form a pit, the locking chain 1312 is put on the tip of the horizontal drill bit 161 of the horizontal drill rod 16, thereby locking the horizontal drill rod 16 and the horizontal drill bit 161 in front of the front support 13. When drilling horizontally, the locking mechanism 131 is released. Specifically, the locking chain 1312 is removed from the horizontal drill bit 161 and rotated to the side of the front support 13 for fixing. The chain fixing screw 1311 is a detachable connection method, and the locking and unlocking states can be switched through the chain fixing screw 1311.

[0076] In this embodiment, to transmit the rotational power of the upper power shaft 2 to the lower outer shaft 4 or inner shaft 36, two power transmission paths need to be established: one is that the vertical power transmission connecting gear 332 is inserted between the first vertical pit-forming transmission gear 321 and the second vertical pit-forming transmission gear 323 to mesh and transmit power, and the power shaft 2 drives the outer shaft 4 to rotate; the other is that the horizontal power transmission connecting gear 333 is inserted between the first horizontal drilling transmission gear 322 and the second horizontal drilling transmission gear 324 to mesh and transmit power, and the power shaft 2 drives the inner shaft 36 to rotate. The vertical power transmission connecting gear 332 and the horizontal power transmission connecting gear 333 are fixed to the power switching control lever 331 using bearings. The position of the vertical power transmission connecting gear 332 and the horizontal power transmission connecting gear 333 is changed by the movement of the power switching control lever 331, moving them to different gears (outer gear, neutral gear, inner gear), thereby realizing the control of power switching.

[0077] Before installing the buried irrigation device with horizontal seepage pipes, it is necessary to drill a pit with a horizontal channel using the pit-forming device of this embodiment. The pit-forming method using the pit-forming device of this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0078] S1: Design the required size and quantity of buried irrigation devices based on rainfall, vegetation type and soil conditions;

[0079] S2: Based on the size and quantity of the irrigation device and the length of the horizontal seepage pipe, locate the site and adjust the angle, position and extension length of the upper blade holder 11, side blade 12 and cutting bottom blade 14 of the pit-forming device accordingly. Then, use the pit-forming device described in the previous embodiment to form a pit at the location point.

[0080] Determine the direction of power switching. If it is vertical drilling, the rotational power of the rotary power source 1 needs to be transmitted to the outer shaft 4, and the horizontal drill bit 161 needs to be locked by the locking mechanism 131. If it is horizontal drilling, the rotational power of the rotary power source 1 needs to be transmitted to the inner shaft 36, and the locking mechanism 131 needs to be released.

[0081] During vertical drilling, the power switching control lever 331 needs to be adjusted and positioned in the outer gear slot 3311. At this time, the input rotational power is transmitted to the outer shaft 4. The lower shaft 18 is fixedly connected to the outer shaft 4 along the same axis. Therefore, all the components on it rotate around the rotation axis. The spindle drill bit 10, the fixed pit bottom cutter 15 and the cutting bottom cutter 14 perform bottom cutting. The side cutter 12 cuts the side wall soil during rotation. The soil cut in the pit is discharged by the spiral soil lifting guide vane 9.

[0082] During horizontal drilling, the power switching control lever 331 needs to be adjusted and positioned in the inner gear slot 3313. At this time, the input rotational power is transmitted to the inner shaft 36. The rotation of the inner shaft 36 is converted into the rotation of the horizontal shaft 622 through the vertical-horizontal rotational power reversing mechanism, and the horizontal drill rod 16 is driven to move through gear transmission. The reciprocating motion of the horizontal drill rod 16 can be realized through the wedge key 641 and related components. In the actual drilling process, when the horizontal drill rod 16 has made one reciprocating motion, the horizontal channel hole has been formed. It is necessary to change the position to continue drilling other horizontal holes. At this time, the power switching control lever 331 can be adjusted and positioned in the neutral gear slot 3312. Then, the equipment is rotated to the position to be drilled, and the power switching control lever 331 is adjusted again and positioned in the inner gear slot 3313 to continue drilling the horizontal channel.

[0083] S3: After the pit is dug, a water-sprinkler is buried in the pit. When it rains, the water-sprinkler can collect rainwater and gradually seep downwards for irrigation, or the water flows into the water-sprinkler for irrigation.

[0084] The pit-forming method in this embodiment designs the size, quantity, and arrangement of the irrigation devices according to actual conditions. With the pit-forming device of this embodiment, pits are precisely dug to accurately bury the irrigation devices. When it rains or irrigates, the irrigation devices can collect rainwater or irrigation water and gradually infiltrate and irrigate the lower root system of the plants. Since the pit-forming device can drill horizontal channels, horizontal infiltration pipes can be set on the buried irrigation devices. With the help of the horizontal infiltration pipes in the horizontal channels, irrigation of medium and deep roots over a large area can be achieved, which expands the wet area of ​​the crop root zone, improves the uniformity of irrigation, makes full use of rainfall resources, and reduces rainwater evaporation.

[0085] While the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention, or modify them into equivalent embodiments, without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention, without departing from the scope of the present invention, should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pit-forming device for drilling horizontal channels, characterized in that: The pit-forming device includes a horizontal drilling mechanism (b) for drilling in the horizontal direction. The horizontal drilling mechanism (b) includes a horizontal drill rod (16), a horizontal drilling transmission assembly, and a horizontal drilling reciprocating adjustment assembly (63) that enables the horizontal drill rod (16) to reciprocate. The horizontal drill rod (16) is connected to the horizontal drilling reciprocating adjustment assembly (63), and the horizontal drilling transmission assembly is connected to the horizontal drilling reciprocating adjustment assembly (63) in a transmission connection. The horizontal drilling reciprocating adjustment assembly (63) includes a drill rod drive gear (631) and a drill rod reversing gear (632), which mesh with each other. The horizontal drill rod (16) is connected to the drill rod drive gear (631) for transmission. The horizontal drilling reciprocating adjustment assembly (63) also includes a reversing adjustment assembly that can mesh with the drill rod drive gear (631) or the drill rod reversing gear (632). The reversing adjustment assembly includes a movable support rod (635) that enables one of the drill rod drive gear (631) and drill rod reversing gear (632) to be connected to the horizontal drilling drive assembly while disengaging the other from the horizontal drilling drive assembly. The drill rod drive gear (631) and drill rod reversing gear (632) are connected to the movable support rod (635) via gear supports. One end of the movable support rod (635) is hinged to a hinge support (636), and the other end is provided with an automatic reversing trigger mechanism that allows the movable support rod (635) to move so that one of the drill rod drive gear (631) or drill rod reversing gear (632) is connected to the horizontal drilling drive assembly.

2. The pit-forming device for drilling horizontal channels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic reversing trigger mechanism includes a wedge key rod (642) and a wedge key (641) that can push the movable support rod (635). The movable support rod (635) is placed on the inclined surface of the wedge key (641). One end of the wedge key rod (642) is connected to the wedge key (641), and the other end is provided with a retraction baffle (646). The automatic reversing trigger mechanism also includes a tail plate (644), which is connected to the horizontal drill pipe (16) and can move horizontally with the horizontal drill pipe (16). The tailstock (644) has a wedge key rod hole (648) through which the wedge key rod (642) can pass. The wedge key rod (642) passes through the wedge key rod hole (648) and can slide within the wedge key rod hole (648). One side of the tailstock (644) has a front spring (643) that can push the wedge key (641) to move in one direction, and the other side of the tailstock (644) has a rear spring (645) that can push the retraction baffle (646) to move in the opposite direction.

3. The pit-forming device for drilling horizontal channels according to claim 2, characterized in that: The wedge key (641) is placed on the wedge key groove (611) for limiting the range of movement of the wedge key (641). The movable support rod (635) is connected to a tension spring (638). The wedge key rod (642) is connected to a sleeve support (647) for supporting the wedge key rod (642) and guiding its movement.

4. The pit-forming device for drilling horizontal channels according to claim 2, characterized in that: The wedge key (641) has a first position and a second position. When the wedge key (641) is in the first position, the horizontal drilling transmission assembly can drive the horizontal drill rod (16) to drill forward. When the wedge key (641) is in the second position, the horizontal drilling transmission assembly can drive the horizontal drill rod (16) to retract backward. The tailstock front spring (643) is used to move the wedge key (641) to the second position, and the tailstock rear spring (645) is used to move the wedge key (641) to the first position.

5. The pit-forming device for drilling horizontal channels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal drill rod (16) includes a horizontal drill bit (161) and a lead screw. The lead screw is connected to the drill rod drive gear (631). The horizontal drilling transmission assembly includes an inner shaft (36), a horizontal drilling intermediate transmission gear set, and a horizontal drilling main transmission gear (6241) that can mesh with the drill rod drive gear (631) or the drill rod reversing gear (632). The inner shaft (36) is connected to the horizontal drilling intermediate transmission gear set, and the horizontal drilling intermediate transmission gear set is connected to the horizontal drilling main transmission gear (6241).

6. The pit-forming device for drilling horizontal channels according to claim 5, characterized in that: The horizontal drill rod (16) is provided with a guide rotation mechanism that enables the horizontal drill rod (16) to rotate. The guide rotation mechanism includes a guide rotation collar (6331), a guide rotation rod (6332), and a guide rotation ball head (6333). The guide rotation ball head (6333) is inserted into the thread of the lead screw. The guide rotation collar (6331) is located on the periphery of the horizontal drill rod (16) and does not contact the horizontal drill rod (16). One end of the guide rotation rod (6332) is fixedly connected to the guide rotation ball head (6333), and the other end is fixedly connected to the guide rotation collar (6331).

7. The pit-forming device for drilling horizontal channels according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The pit-digging device further includes a drive assembly (d) and a vertical pit-digging mechanism (a) for digging pits in the vertical direction. A power switching assembly (3) is provided between the drive assembly (d) and the vertical pit-digging mechanism (a) or the horizontal drilling mechanism (b) for drivingly connecting the drive assembly (d) with the vertical pit-digging mechanism (a) or the horizontal drilling mechanism (b).

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