An impact rock breaking tool

Abstract

The application discloses an impact rock breaking tool, which comprises an upper joint, a shell, a one-way valve, a flow distributor, a hammer spring, a cylinder body, a hammer, a valve seat, a lower anvil, a chuck and a lower joint. The impact rock breaking tool is driven by the energy released by a working spring when the hammer goes down after the hammer goes up to compress the working spring and store energy by high-pressure fluid. The working principle mainly comprises an upstroke and a downstroke. When high-pressure fluid flows down through the flow distributor, the lower end is closed by the valve seat, and upward pressure is generated. At this time, the hammer is pushed to compress the working spring and go up, that is, the upstroke of the impact rock breaking tool. The hammer is separated from the valve seat on the lower anvil, and flow is discharged. The pressure of the lower part of the hammer disappears, and the hammer continues to move upward by inertia to compress the spring and store energy. When the speed of the hammer is zero, the working spring starts to release energy, and the hammer is pushed to go down to hit the lower anvil. The impact rock breaking tool has low energy consumption and can improve the working stability of the impact rock breaking tool.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rock breaking engineering technology, specifically to an impact rock breaking tool. Technical Background

[0002] In drilling projects involving oil and gas, geothermal energy, and geophysical exploration, difficult-to-drill formations are frequently encountered, leading to increased drilling difficulty, severe drill bit wear, and consequently, higher drilling costs. To effectively improve drilling efficiency in these challenging formations, rock-breaking and speed-up tools are often installed on the drill bit. Impactors (also known as rock-breaking impact tools) are commonly used such tools. Attached to the drill bit, the impactor applies a specific frequency of axial impact force to the drill bit during rotational drilling, thereby increasing rock-breaking efficiency.

[0003] Currently, impactors typically utilize the high-pressure fluid used in drilling to flow through components such as reversing elements, creating a pressure difference that drives the impact body to reciprocate, thus generating impacts at a certain frequency. However, in deep formation drilling, the high fluid pressure and poor fluid compressibility lead to unstable impactor performance and difficulty in normal operation. Existing impactors utilize the pressure difference created by the drilling fluid flowing within the body between the upper and lower ends of the impact body to cause the impact body to reciprocate axially. The cylinder's opening and closing are achieved by the vertical movement of the impact body. In deep drilling projects, due to the poor fluid compressibility and high downhole absolute pressure, the impact body must overcome the high-pressure fluid resistance below it during its downward movement, resulting in high energy consumption and hindering efficient impact, or even rendering it inoperable. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an impact rock-breaking tool to solve the problems of high fluid energy loss and unstable performance of existing impactors.

[0005] The solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0006] An impact rock-breaking tool includes an upper connector, a housing, a one-way valve, a distributor, a hammer spring, a cylinder, a hammer, a valve seat, a lower anvil, a chuck, and a lower connector. The upper connector is connected to the upper end of the housing, and the chuck is connected to the lower end. A lower connector is provided at the lower part of the chuck. A one-way valve is installed below the upper connector inside the housing. The distributor is installed below the one-way valve. The upper hole of the distributor is inserted below the one-way valve, forming a clearance fit with the distributor. A spring is provided between the one-way valve and the distributor. The lower part of the distributor is connected to the cylinder. The distributor, cylinder, and housing are fixedly assembled. A hammer is provided at the lower part of the cylinder. The upper end of the hammer forms a clearance fit with the inner cavity of the cylinder. A hammer spring is provided between the distributor and the hammer inside the cylinder. The lower anvil is located below the hammer and is connected to the chuck via a spline or sliding key. The lower anvil is fixedly connected to the lower connector. The chuck can transmit torque to the lower anvil and the lower connector. The lower anvil and the lower connector can slide axially relative to the chuck.

[0007] A spring is installed at the lower end of the check valve. When the spring is compressed, its elasticity causes the upper end of the check valve to fit tightly against the orifice of the upper connector, keeping the inner hole of the upper connector closed. Fluid flowing in from the upper part of the upper connector can open the check valve and flow to the lower part of the rock-breaking tool. Fluid flowing upward from the lower part of the rock-breaking tool cannot open the check valve and cannot flow into the upper connector. A side hole communicating with the inner cavity of the check valve is provided on the side of the check valve, allowing the fluid inside and outside the check valve to communicate, ensuring the flow of fluid in and out of the valve during the opening and closing of the check valve, and ensuring that the check valve opens and closes smoothly.

[0008] The lower end of the distributor is installed into the cylinder body. The distributor has axial and radial flow channels inside. The upper part of the cylinder body has a radial through hole that connects to the axial and radial flow channels inside the distributor. Fluid from the one-way valve enters the annular cavity formed by the cylinder body, the hammer and the outer shell through the distributor flow channel and the radial through hole of the cylinder body.

[0009] The upper part of the punch is installed into the cylinder body with clearance fit. The valve seat is fixed on the upper end of the lower anvil. A central through hole is provided in the punch, valve seat and lower anvil. The lower inner hole of the punch and the outer wall of the valve seat are clearance fit. A radial through hole is provided on the cylinder wall at the lower part of the cylinder body. A punch spring is provided between the cylinder body and the punch.

[0010] The lower stroke limit position refers to the position where the hammer descends to contact the lower anvil, and the upper stroke limit position refers to the position where the hammer ascends to disengage from the valve seat, causing the hammer spring to reach its maximum compression. At the lower stroke limit position, the distance between the upper end face of the hammer and the lower end face of the distributor is L1, and at the upper stroke limit position, the distance is L2. The sliding distance of the hammer within the cylinder is L, where L = L1 - L2.

[0011] The radial through hole at the bottom of the cylinder body communicates with the annular cavity. The distance h between the lower end face of the cylinder body and the upper edge of the radial through hole at the bottom of the cylinder body is greater than one-fifth of the sliding distance L of the hammer in the cylinder body, that is, h > L / 5.

[0012] The sliding distance L of the hammer in the cylinder is greater than the height d of the valve seat, and the height d of the valve seat is greater than the distance h between the lower end face of the cylinder and the upper edge of the radial through hole at the lower part of the cylinder, i.e., h≤d<L.

[0013] When the hammer is at its lower stroke limit position, the distance f between the upper end face of the hammer and the lower end face of the cylinder body satisfies: 0 < f < h. The lower stroke limit position refers to the position when the hammer descends to contact the lower anvil.

[0014] Preferably, a seal is provided between the upper part of the check valve and the inner orifice of the upper connector. The upper part of the check valve and the upper connector end to form a seal. When the pressure of the fluid flowing into the upper connector is insufficient, the check valve is in the closed state, and the seal prevents fluid from seeping in. Simultaneously, fluid at the lower end of the check valve cannot flow into the upper connector. The sealing ring can be made of soft rubber or copper.

[0015] Preferably, a gasket is installed between the distributor and the upper connector. Since the flow of fluid from the upper connector to the lower part of the impact rock-breaking tool is determined by the check valve, ensuring the structural stability of the check valve is a crucial prerequisite for the normal operation of the impact rock-breaking tool. Simultaneously, the distributor is installed at the lower part of the check valve; the structure and working principle of the check valve are also influenced by the distributor. Ensuring the accuracy of the distributor assembly and its positional precision guarantees the normal operation of the check valve. Therefore, the gasket between the distributor and the upper connector allows for positional adjustment during assembly, reducing inaccuracies caused by machining errors and achieving reliable positioning and high-precision assembly dimensions.

[0016] Preferably, the outer shell is a composite shell consisting of multiple connected cylindrical sections. This composite shell design simplifies the installation of the rock-breaking tool and facilitates replacement and maintenance in case of partial damage or malfunction. Furthermore, the use of a composite shell with multiple connected cylindrical sections facilitates the manufacturing and processing of the rock-breaking tool.

[0017] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) The present invention achieves fluid flow by using a one-way valve and a distributor, so that the fluid pressure provides sufficient power for the upper stroke of the hammer. At the same time, the hammer spring stores energy for the lower stroke of the hammer. The energy source for the lower stroke of the hammer is the compression action of the hammer spring. The impactor shell, cylinder, hammer and other components form an annular cavity to provide a flow channel for the impactor, so as to achieve pressure difference and allow the hammer to move up and down in the cavity.

[0019] (2) The present invention provides through holes in the cylinder body that communicate with the annular cavity. When the hammer moves down past these holes, the liquid flow can flow down from the original liquid path or from the through holes in the cylinder body. There is no pressure on the hammer at both ends, thus preventing the hammer from getting stuck and not moving.

[0020] (3) The sliding distance of the hammer in the cylinder is greater than the height of the valve seat, so that the lower end of the hammer can be separated from the valve seat at the end of the upper stroke, thereby realizing the discharge and releasing the energy stored in the hammer spring, which is converted into the power of the hammer's lower stroke. At the same time, the use of two power sources can accelerate the working frequency of the rock breaking tool and improve the working efficiency and impact power.

[0021] (4) This invention utilizes the interaction between the hammer and the valve seat on the lower anvil during the upward stroke of the hammer to compress and store energy in the hammer spring, providing impact energy for the hammer. During the downward stroke, the hammer and valve seat work together to close the hydraulic circuit, providing upward hydraulic force for the hammer's next upward movement, thus completing the cyclical up-and-down motion. The ingenious combination of the hammer spring and valve seat achieves continuous impact action from the impactor. The structure is simple, easy to manufacture, and operates reliably and stably. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an impact rock-breaking tool according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the upper stroke of the impact hammer in an impact rock-breaking tool according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the downward stroke of the impact hammer in an impact rock-breaking tool according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of a rock-breaking impact hammer according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the lower anvil of an impact rock-breaking tool according to the present invention.

[0027] Reference numerals: 1-Upper connector, 2-Housing shell, 3-Check valve, 4-Distributor, 5-Impact spring, 6-Cylinder body, 7-Impact, 8-Valve seat, 9-Lower anvil, 10-Chuck, 11-Lower connector, 12-Seal. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the novel embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals.

[0029] Example 1: Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown, an impact rock-breaking tool includes an upper connector 1, a housing 2, a one-way valve 3, a distributor 4, a hammer spring 5, a cylinder 6, a hammer 7, a valve seat 8, a lower anvil 9, a chuck 10, and a lower connector 11. The upper end of the housing 2 is connected to the upper connector 1, and the lower end is connected to the chuck 10. The lower connector 11 is located at the lower part of the chuck 10. The one-way valve 3 is installed below the upper connector 1 inside the housing 2. The distributor 4 is installed below the one-way valve 3. The one-way valve 3 is inserted into the upper hole of the distributor 4, forming a clearance fit with the distributor 4. The one-way valve 3 and the distributor... A spring is provided between the distributors 4. The lower part of the distributor 4 is connected to the cylinder body 6. The distributor 4, the cylinder body 6 and the outer shell 2 are fixedly assembled. A hammer 7 is provided at the lower part of the cylinder body 6. The upper end of the hammer 7 is clearance-fitted with the inner cavity of the cylinder body 6. A hammer spring 5 is provided between the distributor 4 and the hammer 7 inside the cylinder body 6. The lower anvil 9 is provided below the hammer 7. The lower anvil 9 is connected to the chuck 10 through a spline or sliding key. The lower anvil 9 is fixedly connected to the lower connector 11. The chuck 10 can transmit torque to the lower anvil 9 and the lower connector 11. The lower anvil 9 and the lower connector 11 can slide axially relative to the chuck 10.

[0030] A spring is installed at the lower end of the one-way valve 3. When the spring is in a compressed state, the spring force makes the upper end of the one-way valve 3 fit tightly against the orifice of the upper connector 1, so that the inner hole of the upper connector 1 is closed. The fluid flowing in from the upper part of the upper connector 1 can open the one-way valve 3 and flow to the lower part of the impact rock breaking tool. The fluid flowing upward from the lower part of the impact rock breaking tool cannot open the one-way valve 3 and cannot flow into the upper connector 1. A side hole communicating with the inner cavity of the one-way valve 3 is provided on the side of the one-way valve 3, so that the internal and external fluids of the one-way valve 3 can communicate, ensuring the flow of fluid in and out of the valve when the one-way valve 3 is opened and closed, and ensuring that the one-way valve 3 opens and closes smoothly.

[0031] The lower end of the distributor 4 is installed into the cylinder 6. The distributor 4 has an axial flow channel and a radial flow channel inside. The upper part of the cylinder 6 has a radial through hole that connects to the axial flow channel and the radial flow channel inside the distributor 4. The fluid from the one-way valve 3 enters the annular cavity formed by the cylinder 6, the hammer 7 and the outer shell 2 through the flow channel of the distributor 4 and the radial through hole of the cylinder 6.

[0032] The upper part of the punch 7 is installed into the cylinder 6 with clearance fit. The valve seat 8 is fixed on the upper end of the lower anvil 9. A central through hole is provided in the punch 7, valve seat 8, and lower anvil 9. The lower inner hole of the punch 7 and the outer wall of the valve seat 8 are clearance fit. A radial through hole is provided on the cylinder wall at the lower part of the cylinder 6. A punch spring 5 is provided between the cylinder 6 and the punch 7.

[0033] The lower stroke limit position refers to the position where the hammer 7 descends to contact the lower anvil 9, and the upper stroke limit position refers to the position where the hammer 7 ascends to disengage from the valve seat 8, causing the hammer spring 5 to reach its maximum compression. At the lower stroke limit position, the distance between the upper end face of the hammer 7 and the lower end face of the distributor 4 is L1, and at the upper stroke limit position, the distance is L2. The sliding distance of the hammer 7 within the cylinder is L, where L = L1 - L2.

[0034] The radial through hole at the lower part of the cylinder 6 communicates with the annular cavity. The distance h between the lower end face of the cylinder 6 and the upper edge of the radial through hole at the lower part of the cylinder is greater than one-fifth of the sliding distance L of the hammer 7 in the cylinder, that is, h > L / 5.

[0035] The sliding distance L of the hammer 7 within the cylinder 6 is greater than the height d of the valve seat 8, and the height of the valve seat 8 is greater than the distance h between the lower end face of the cylinder 6 and the upper edge of the radial through hole at the lower part of the cylinder, i.e., h ≤ d < L.

[0036] When the hammer 7 is at its lower stroke limit position, the distance f between the upper end face of the hammer 7 and the lower end face of the cylinder 6 satisfies: 0 < f < h. The lower stroke limit position refers to the position when the hammer 7 moves down to contact the lower anvil 9.

[0037] Preferably, a seal 12 is provided between the upper part of the one-way valve 3 and the inner orifice of the upper connector 1.

[0038] Preferably, a gasket is provided between the distributor 4 and the upper connector 1.

[0039] Preferably, the outer shell 2 is a combined shell consisting of multiple connected cylindrical sections.

[0040] The basic working principle of this invention is as follows:

[0041] In the non-working state, the punch 7 is in contact with the lower anvil 9, and the valve seat 8 is inserted into the inner hole of the punch 7, thus closing the lower end. Figure 1 ). refer to Figure 2 As shown, high-pressure fluid enters the upper connector 1 and opens the one-way valve 3. The high-pressure fluid passes through the axial and radial flow channels of the distributor 4, and enters the annulus formed by the cylinder 6, outer shell 2, and impact hammer 7 through the through hole at the top of the cylinder 6. Due to the closed lower end, there is a pressure difference between the upper and lower end faces of the impact hammer 7, generating upward pressure. This pressure pushes the impact hammer 7 to compress the impact hammer spring 5 and move it upward. After the impact hammer 7 moves upward, it separates from the lower anvil 9. When the upward distance of the impact hammer 7 is greater than the height d of the valve seat 8, leakage occurs, and the upward pressure on the impact hammer 7 disappears. The impact hammer 7 continues to move upward due to inertia, compressing the impact hammer spring 5 to store energy. When the speed of the impact hammer 7 is zero, the impact hammer 7 no longer moves upward, reaching the upper stroke limit position. After reaching the upper stroke limit position, the impact hammer spring releases energy, pushing the impact hammer 7 downward to strike the lower anvil 9, reaching the lower stroke limit position (reference). Figure 3After the valve seat is reinserted into the inner hole of the impact hammer, the hydraulic passage is closed, creating a pressure difference between the upper and lower end faces of the impact hammer once again. This generates upward pressure on the impact hammer 7, initiating another rising and falling process, which repeats continuously. The impact hammer 7 continuously strikes the lower anvil 9, while simultaneously transmitting torque to the lower connector through the chuck 10. This is the basic working principle of this impact rock-breaking tool.

[0042] In this impact rock-breaking tool, the hammer 7 is the most important component. The impact rotation is achieved by the hammer 7 striking the anvil 9. The hammer spring 5 serves to store and release energy. When the high-pressure fluid flows down, it pushes the hammer 7 upward, compressing the hammer spring 5 connected to the hammer 7. At this time, the hammer spring 5 stores energy. After the fluid drains, there is no upward force at the bottom of the hammer 7, at which point the hammer spring 5 releases energy, pushing the hammer 7 downward to strike the anvil 9. When the high-pressure fluid flows down through the upper connector 1, a distributor 4 is designed at the lower part of the one-way valve 3 to ensure pressure equalization within the impact rock-breaking tool. The fluid flows through the distributor 4. The cylinder 6, hammer 7, and outer shell 2 form an annular cavity, which provides a fluid path, allowing the high-pressure fluid to flow unimpeded within the impact rock-breaking tool.

[0043] refer to Figure 1 As shown, in the non-working state, the hammer 7 is in contact with the lower anvil 9 and the lower end is closed. When the high-pressure fluid flows down through the distributor 4, the closed lower end generates upward pressure, which pushes the hammer 7 to compress the hammer spring 5 and move upward. This is the upper stroke of the impact rock breaking tool.

[0044] refer to Figure 2 As shown, when the hammer 7 moves upward, it separates from the anvil 9, causing leakage. The pressure at the bottom of the hammer 7 disappears, and the hammer 7 continues to move upward due to inertia, compressing the hammer spring 5 to store energy. When the speed of the hammer 7 is zero, the hammer 7 stops moving upward. At this time, the hammer spring 5 begins to release energy, pushing the hammer 7 downward to strike the anvil 9. This is the downward stroke of the impact rock-breaking tool.

[0045] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An impact rock-breaking tool, comprising an upper connector, a housing, a one-way valve, a distributor, a hammer spring, a cylinder, a hammer, a valve seat, a lower anvil, a chuck, and a lower connector, characterized in that: The upper end of the shell of the impact rock-breaking tool is connected to the upper connector, and the lower end is connected to the chuck. The lower part of the chuck is equipped with a lower connector. A one-way valve is installed below the upper connector inside the shell. The distributor is installed below the one-way valve. The upper hole of the distributor is inserted below the one-way valve and forms a clearance fit with the distributor. A spring is installed between the one-way valve and the distributor. The lower part of the distributor is connected to the cylinder. The distributor, cylinder and shell are fixedly assembled. The lower part of the cylinder is equipped with a hammer. The upper end of the hammer forms a clearance fit with the inner cavity of the cylinder. A hammer spring is installed between the distributor and the hammer inside the cylinder. The lower anvil is located below the hammer. The lower anvil is connected to the chuck through a spline or sliding key. The lower anvil is fixedly connected to the lower connector. The chuck can transmit torque to the lower anvil and the lower connector. The lower anvil and the lower connector can slide axially relative to the chuck. A spring is installed at the lower end of the check valve. When the spring is in a compressed state, the spring force causes the upper end of the check valve to be tightly pressed against the orifice of the upper connector, so that the inner hole of the upper connector is in a closed state. The fluid flowing in from the upper part of the upper connector can open the check valve and flow to the lower part of the rock-breaking tool. The fluid flowing upward from the lower part of the rock-breaking tool cannot open the check valve and cannot flow into the upper connector. A side hole is provided on the side of the check valve that communicates with the inner cavity of the check valve, so that the fluid inside and outside the check valve can be connected, ensuring the flow of fluid in and out of the valve when the check valve is opened and closed, and ensuring that the check valve opens and closes smoothly. The lower end of the distributor is installed into the cylinder body. The distributor has an axial flow channel and a radial flow channel inside. The upper part of the cylinder body has a radial through hole that connects to the axial flow channel and the radial flow channel inside the distributor. The fluid from the one-way valve enters the cylinder body, the hammer and the outer shell through the distributor flow channel and the radial through hole of the cylinder body. The upper part of the punch is installed into the cylinder body with clearance fit. The valve seat is fixed on the upper end of the lower anvil. A central through hole is provided in the punch, valve seat and lower anvil. The inner hole of the lower part of the punch and the outer wall of the valve seat are clearance fit. A radial through hole is provided on the cylinder wall at the lower part of the cylinder body. A punch spring is provided between the cylinder body and the punch. The radial through hole at the bottom of the cylinder body communicates with the annular cavity, and the distance h between the lower end face of the cylinder body and the upper edge of the radial through hole at the bottom of the cylinder body is greater than one-fifth of the sliding distance L of the hammer in the cylinder body. The sliding distance L of the hammer in the cylinder is greater than the height d of the valve seat, and the height d of the valve seat is greater than or equal to the distance h between the lower end face of the cylinder and the upper edge of the radial through hole at the lower part of the cylinder. When the hammer is at its lower stroke limit position, the distance f between the upper end face of the hammer and the lower end face of the cylinder body satisfies: 0 < f < h.

2. The rock-breaking tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: A seal is provided between the upper part of the one-way valve and the inner orifice of the upper connector.

3. The rock-breaking tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: A gasket is installed between the distributor and the upper connector.

4. The rock-breaking tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer shell is a composite shell consisting of multiple connected cylindrical sections.

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