Self-damping and self-adjusting stroke valve body structure for fracturing

Abstract

The application discloses a self-damping and self-adjusting stroke valve body structure for fracturing, which comprises a valve body, a valve body guide rod, a valve body rubber, a damping ring, a temperature difference adjusting ring, a spring, a cylinder cover and a valve seat. When the valve body is opened and closed, the damping ring and the temperature difference adjusting ring arranged on the guide rod can improve the righting and damping effect between the valve body guide rod and the guide hole of the cylinder cover, and when the running frequency of the valve body increases and the friction temperature rises, the temperature difference adjusting ring will expand due to heat, and the expansion will be greater than that of the matching hole, so that the friction force between the temperature difference adjusting ring and the matching hole is appropriately increased. Under the action of the friction force, the running stroke (lift) of the valve body is correspondingly reduced, so that the valve body can run more stably, the closing impact of the valve body on the valve seat is reduced, the stability and safety of the valve body during operation are improved, and the service life of the valve body and the valve seat is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fracturing pumps, and more specifically to a self-damping and self-adjusting stroke valve body structure for fracturing. Background Technology

[0002] The valve body is a key component of the hydraulic end of a fracturing pump. Currently, the most commonly used valve body for the hydraulic end of fracturing pumps, both domestically and internationally, is the four-claw centralizing valve body.

[0003] The four-claw straightening structure valve body is guided and straightened by four guide claws and the through holes of the valve seat. Its structural characteristics determine that during operation, the influence of high-speed fluid will cause the valve body to vibrate more severely like a pendulum, which will affect the contact condition of the working surfaces of the valve body and valve seat, resulting in a reduction in the service life of the valve body and valve seat, and may even induce the four claws or neck of the valve body to break.

[0004] In addition, the four-claw straightening structure valve body has another drawback: the four guide claws themselves occupy a large cross-section of the valve seat through hole, causing a sharp change in the channel area when high-speed fluid passes through. In addition, the impact of the fluid on the claw body will produce a more serious turbulence phenomenon, which is also a reason for aggravating the pendulum vibration of the valve body.

[0005] The prior art includes a Chinese utility model patent document with publication number CN209340533U and authorization announcement date of October 9, 2018. The technical solution disclosed in this patent document is as follows: This utility model relates to the field of fracturing pumps, and particularly to a return spring-assisted guided single-guide rod valve and its installation structure. The technical solution is as follows: The return spring-assisted guided single-guide rod valve includes a valve body. A valve body rubber sleeve is fitted onto the conical surface of the valve body for contact with the valve seat. A guide rod and a return spring are fixed to the end of the valve body away from the valve body rubber sleeve. The diameter of the guide rod is in the range of 18-22mm, and the return spring is made of 50CrVA spring wire or 302 stainless steel spring wire with a spring wire diameter of 4.5-5.5mm. The installation structure of the return spring-assisted guided single-guide rod valve includes a valve box body. A control chamber is provided inside the valve box body, and a guide cylinder is installed inside the control chamber. A guide cylinder is fixed inside the guide cylinder; a single-guide rod valve is fitted inside the control chamber. This utility model provides a return spring-assisted guided single-guide rod valve and its installation structure with high stability during movement and without affecting the valve seat pull-out.

[0006] The utility model provides a return spring-assisted guided single-rod valve and its mounting structure. The upper guide of the valve body adopts a thickened guide rod as the main guide during the reciprocating opening and closing motion of the valve body. The return spring structure (using a cylindrical return spring with sufficient anti-dislocation rigidity) and its assembly structure are improved, allowing the return spring to provide auxiliary guidance. It has working stability and durability comparable to traditional double-rod valves, while also having good maintenance convenience. A valve seat gasket and valve seat are arranged sequentially on the valve seat step. The valve seat gasket can protect the valve seat, reduce damage to the valve seat, and extend the service life of the valve seat. However, it cannot reduce the circumferential pendulum vibration of the guide rod during high-frequency operation, which will affect the contact condition of the working surfaces of the valve body and valve seat, resulting in a reduction in the service life of the valve body and valve seat, and may even induce the breakage of the valve body. At the same time, as the number of valve body running strokes increases, the running stroke of the valve body gradually increases, and the closing impact of the valve body on the valve seat is greater, which will reduce the service life of the valve body and valve seat. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes a self-damping and self-adjusting stroke valve body structure for fracturing, thereby solving the problems and providing a valve body that can operate reliably and stably under fracturing conditions, improve the service life of the valve body and valve seat, and has good maintainability and replaceability.

[0008] This invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solution: A self-damping and self-adjusting stroke valve body structure for fracturing includes a valve seat, a spring, a valve body, a guide rod, and a cylinder head. The cylinder head is located above the valve body, and the valve seat is located below the valve body. A guide cylinder is provided on the cylinder head, and a guide hole is provided inside the guide cylinder. A rubber sheet is provided at the contact point between the valve body and the valve seat. The guide rod and the spring are located on the valve body. A damping ring and a temperature difference adjustment ring are provided on the guide rod. The temperature difference adjustment ring is made of high wear-resistant brass or high wear-resistant bronze.

[0009] Furthermore, the material of the damping ring is hydrogenated nitrile rubber or polyurethane and nitrile rubber.

[0010] Furthermore, the guide rod is provided with one or more shock-absorbing rings and one or more temperature difference adjustment rings.

[0011] Furthermore, the valve body and the guide rod are integrally formed.

[0012] Furthermore, the valve body is provided with a column that matches the width of the spring.

[0013] Furthermore, gaps are provided on both sides of the guide tube.

[0014] Furthermore, the diameter of the guide rod ranges from 16mm to 40mm.

[0015] Furthermore, the maximum permissible operating temperature of the valve body is 120°C.

[0016] Furthermore, the maximum frictional adjustment force generated by the temperature difference regulating ring at 120°C is controlled at 80N.

[0017] Furthermore, the height range of the valve body when it is open is 8-15mm.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention proposes a self-damping and self-adjusting stroke valve body structure for fracturing, which improves the valve body's uprighting and damping effects, and allows the valve body to appropriately self-adjust its stroke (lift) during high-stroke operation. This effectively improves the valve body's durability and reliability, thereby enhancing the operational stability and reliability of the fracturing pump's hydraulic end and even the entire fracturing pump, making fracturing operations safer and more reliable, reducing valve body replacement frequency, and improving the overall economic benefits of fracturing operations. This valve body structure, as a novel product, has broad application prospects.

[0019] 1. This invention provides a self-damping and self-adjusting stroke valve body structure for fracturing. When the self-damping and self-adjusting stroke valve body is in motion, it relies on the guide rod above the valve body and the guide hole of the guide cylinder on the cylinder head to achieve straightening and guidance. By selecting a suitable gap and length between the guide rod and the guide hole, an ideal straightening and guiding effect can be ensured when the valve body is opening and closing.

[0020] 2. The present invention has a shock-absorbing ring and a temperature difference adjustment ring on the guide rod, which can not only increase the centering and straightening effect of the guide rod, but also effectively reduce the circumferential pendulum vibration of the guide rod during high-frequency operation, improve the service life of the valve body and valve seat, and prevent the valve body from breaking.

[0021] 3. In this invention, when the number of strokes of the valve body increases and the friction temperature rises, the temperature difference regulating ring will expand due to heat, which will be greater than the expansion of the mating hole, and the friction force with the mating hole will be appropriately increased. Under the action of this friction force, the running stroke of the valve body will be reduced accordingly, so that the valve body can also operate more stably and reduce the closing impact of the valve body on the valve seat, thereby improving the stability and safety of the valve body during operation and helping to improve the service life of both.

[0022] 4. This invention avoids and reduces the abrupt change in the through-hole diameter at the valve seat and the turbulent flow phenomenon caused by the impact of high-speed fluid.

[0023] 5. This invention enables the self-damping and self-adjusting stroke valve body to operate continuously and smoothly. The valve body and valve seat working surfaces can contact each other under better conditions, resulting in better stability and safety performance, and improving the service life of the valve body and valve seat. This invention has been verified in industrial tests. Compared with the four-claw straightening structure valve body in the prior art, the self-damping and self-adjusting stroke valve body structure is more stable and durable under the same working conditions (working pressure, working frequency, fracturing fluid sand concentration, etc.), while also having good maintenance convenience.

[0024] 6. In this invention, the material of the damping ring is hydrogenated nitrile rubber or polyurethane and nitrile rubber, which has good oil resistance and, due to its highly saturated structure, good heat resistance, excellent chemical corrosion resistance, excellent ozone resistance, and high resistance to compression set. It also has high strength, high tear resistance, and excellent wear resistance, making it better suited for valve bodies of fracturing pumps, improving the service life of the damping ring and enhancing the stability of the valve body during use.

[0025] 7. In this invention, one or more damping rings are provided on the guide rod. The combined action of the damping rings further reduces the circumferential vibration of the valve body and also further enhances the centering effect of the guide rod, thereby increasing the straightening effect of the guide rod.

[0026] 8. In this invention, the valve body and guide rod are integrally formed, which improves the overall structural performance, ensures the stable connection between the valve body and guide rod, and makes the valve body operate more stably and more durable.

[0027] 9. In this invention, the valve body is provided with a column that matches the width of the spring to fix the spring, prevent the spring from shifting due to lateral force, and improve structural stability.

[0028] 10. In this invention, gaps are provided on both sides of the guide tube. The gaps on both sides of the guide tube can be used to place springs and further fix the springs. At the same time, the springs can pass through the gaps into the cylinder head, making the connection of the entire structure tighter and increasing the structural stability. It also makes it convenient to adjust the length of the springs.

[0029] 11. In this invention, the diameter of the guide rod is recommended to be in the range of 16mm-40mm to facilitate its use with the hydraulic end of the fracturing pump and improve the applicability of this invention.

[0030] 12. In this invention, the maximum allowable operating temperature of the valve body is 120°C to prevent damage to the valve body structure caused by excessively high operating temperature.

[0031] 13. In this invention, the maximum frictional adjustment force generated by the temperature difference adjustment ring at 120°C is controlled at 80N to avoid excessive adjustment force, which would cause a delay in recovery.

[0032] 14. In this invention, the height range of the valve body when it is open is 8-15mm, which facilitates its use with the hydraulic end of the fracturing pump and improves the applicability of this invention. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below only relate to some embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the valve body structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0035] Marked in the image: 1. Valve body, 2. Guide rod, 3. Rubber, 4. Shock absorber ring, 5. Temperature difference regulating ring, 6. Spring, 7. Cylinder head, 8. Valve seat. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention should be understood in their ordinary sense by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "comprising" or "including," and similar words used in this invention disclosure, mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0038] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0039] Example 1 As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment provides a self-damping and self-adjusting stroke valve body structure for fracturing, including a valve seat 8, a spring 6, a valve body 1, a guide rod 2, and a cylinder head 7. The cylinder head 7 is disposed above the valve body 1, and the valve seat 8 is disposed below the valve body 1. A guide cylinder is disposed on the cylinder head 7, and a guide hole is disposed inside the guide cylinder. A rubber 3 is disposed at the contact point between the valve body 1 and the valve seat 8. The guide rod 2 and the spring 6 are disposed on the valve body 1. A damping ring 4 and a temperature difference adjusting ring 5 are disposed on the guide rod 2. The temperature difference adjusting ring 5 is made of high wear-resistant brass or high wear-resistant bronze.

[0040] This embodiment relies on the guide rod 2 above the valve body 1 and the guide hole of the guide cylinder on the cylinder head 7 to achieve centering and guidance, avoiding and reducing the sudden change in the through diameter at the valve seat 8 and the turbulence phenomenon caused by the impact of high-speed fluid. Furthermore, a damping ring 4 and a temperature difference regulating ring 5 are provided on the guide rod 2, which not only increases the centering and centering effect of the guide rod 2, but also effectively reduces the circumferential pendulum vibration of the guide rod 2 during high-frequency operation, improving the service life of the valve body 1 and valve seat 8, and preventing partial breakage of the valve body 1. When the number of strokes of the valve body 1 increases and frictional heating occurs, the temperature difference regulating ring 5, made of high-wear-resistant brass or high-wear-resistant bronze, will appropriately increase the frictional force with the mating hole due to thermal expansion exceeding the expansion of the mating hole. Under the action of this frictional force, the travel stroke of the valve body 1 will correspondingly decrease. This ingenious design automatically controls the travel stroke of the valve body 1, making the valve body 1 operate more stably and reducing the closing impact of the valve body 1 on the valve seat 8, improving the stability and safety of the valve body 1 during operation, and further improving the service life of the valve body 1 and valve seat 8.

[0041] Example 2 As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, please refer to the appendix to the specification. Figure 1 Alternatively, this embodiment provides a self-damping and self-adjusting stroke valve body structure for fracturing, including a valve seat 8, a spring 6, a valve body 1, a guide rod 2, and a cylinder head 7. The cylinder head 7 is positioned above the valve body 1, and the valve seat 8 is positioned below the valve body 1. A guide cylinder is provided on the cylinder head 7, and a guide hole is provided inside the guide cylinder. A rubber sheet 3 is provided at the contact point between the valve body 1 and the valve seat 8. The guide rod 2 and the spring 6 are provided on the valve body 1. A damping ring 4 and a temperature difference adjusting ring 5 are provided on the guide rod 2. The temperature difference adjusting ring 5 is made of high wear-resistant brass or high wear-resistant chrome. The valve body 1 is made of copper, and the shock absorber 4 is made of hydrogenated nitrile rubber. One or more shock absorbers 4 are provided on the guide rod 2. The valve body 1 and the guide rod 2 are integrally formed. The valve body 1 is provided with a column that matches the width of the spring 6. There are gaps on both sides of the guide cylinder. The diameter of the guide rod 2 is 16-40mm. The maximum allowable operating temperature of the valve body 1 is 120℃. The maximum friction adjustment force generated by the temperature difference adjustment ring 5 at 120℃ is controlled at 80N. The opening height of the valve body 1 is 8-15mm.

[0042] This embodiment further reduces the circumferential vibration of the valve body 1 by using a guide rod 2 with one or more damping rings 4. The valve body 1 and guide rod 2 are integrally formed, improving the overall structural performance and ensuring the stable connection between the valve body 1 and guide rod 2. A column adapted to the width of the spring 6 is provided on the valve body 1 to fix the spring 6 and prevent the spring 6 from shifting due to lateral forces, further improving structural stability. Gaps are provided on both sides of the guide cylinder, which can be used to place the spring 6 and further fix the spring 6. At the same time, the spring 6 can pass through the gaps into the cylinder head 7, making the connection of the entire structure tighter and increasing structural stability. Simultaneously, the length of spring 6 can be easily adjusted, reducing the requirements for spring 6. The maximum allowable operating temperature of valve body 1 is 120℃. The maximum friction adjustment force generated by temperature difference adjustment ring 5 at 120℃ is controlled at 80N to prevent damage to the valve body structure caused by excessive temperature during operation and to avoid excessive adjustment force, which would cause a delay in return. The diameter range of guide rod 2 is recommended to be 16-40mm, and the opening height range of valve body 1 is 8-15mm, which facilitates its use with the hydraulic end of fracturing pump and improves its applicability. This embodiment can better cooperate with the use of the hydraulic end of fracturing pump, and the connection of the entire structure is reliable, with higher stability and safety.

[0043] Example 3 As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment provides a self-damping and self-adjusting stroke valve body structure for fracturing, including a valve seat 8, a spring 6, a valve body 1, a guide rod 2, and a cylinder head 7. The cylinder head 7 is disposed above the valve body 1, and the valve seat 8 is disposed below the valve body 1. A guide cylinder is disposed on the cylinder head 7, and a guide hole is disposed inside the guide cylinder. A rubber sheet 3 is disposed at the contact point between the valve body 1 and the valve seat 8. The guide rod 2 and the spring 6 are disposed on the valve body 1. A damping ring 4 and a temperature difference adjusting ring 5 are disposed on the guide rod 2. The temperature difference adjusting ring 5 is made of high wear-resistant brass or high wear-resistant bronze. Two damping rings 4 are disposed on the guide rod 2. The valve body 1 and the guide rod 2 are integrally formed. There are gaps on both sides of the guide cylinder. The diameter of the guide rod 2 is in the range of 16-40mm. The maximum allowable operating temperature of the valve body 1 is 120℃.

[0044] This embodiment further reduces the circumferential vibration of the valve body 1 by incorporating two damping rings 4 on the guide rod 2. The valve body 1 and guide rod 2 are integrally formed, improving the overall structural performance and ensuring a stable connection between the valve body 1 and guide rod 2. A column adapted to the width of the spring 6 is provided on the valve body 1 to fix the spring 6, preventing it from shifting due to lateral forces and further improving structural stability. Gaps are provided on both sides of the guide cylinder to accommodate the spring 6, further securing it. The maximum allowable operating temperature of the valve body 1 is 120℃, preventing damage to the valve body structure due to excessively high temperatures during operation. A diameter range of 16-40mm is recommended for the guide rod 2 to facilitate use with the hydraulic end of the fracturing pump, improving applicability. This embodiment can be well integrated with the hydraulic end of the fracturing pump, and the overall structure has a robust connection, exhibiting high stability and safety.

[0045] Example 4 As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment provides a self-damping and self-adjusting stroke valve body structure for fracturing, including a valve seat 8, a spring 6, a valve body 1, a guide rod 2, and a cylinder head 7. The cylinder head 7 is disposed above the valve body 1, and the valve seat 8 is disposed below the valve body 1. A guide cylinder is disposed on the cylinder head 7, and a guide hole is disposed inside the guide cylinder. A rubber sheet 3 is disposed at the contact point between the valve body 1 and the valve seat 8. The guide rod 2 and the spring 6 are disposed on the valve body 1. A damping ring 4 and a temperature difference adjusting ring 5 are disposed on the guide rod 2. The temperature difference adjusting ring 5 is made of high wear-resistant brass or high wear-resistant bronze, and the damping ring 4 is made of hydrogenated nitrile rubber. The valve body 1 and the guide rod 2 are integrally formed. A column adapted to the width of the spring 6 is disposed on the valve body 1. Gaps are provided on both sides of the guide cylinder. The maximum allowable operating temperature of the valve body 1 is 120°C. The maximum friction adjustment force generated by the temperature difference adjusting ring 5 at 120°C is controlled at 80N.

[0046] In this embodiment, the valve body 1 and the guide rod 2 are integrally formed, improving the overall structural performance and ensuring the stable connection between the valve body 1 and the guide rod 2. A column adapted to the width of the spring 6 is provided on the valve body 1 to fix the spring 6, preventing it from shifting due to lateral forces and further improving structural stability. Gaps are provided on both sides of the guide tube, which can be used to place the spring 6 and further fix it. Simultaneously, the spring 6 can pass through the gaps into the cylinder head 7, making the connection of the entire structure tighter and increasing structural stability. This also facilitates the adjustment of the spring 6's length, reducing the requirements on the spring 6. The maximum allowable operating temperature of the valve body 1 is 120℃. The maximum friction adjustment force generated by the temperature difference adjustment ring 5 at 120℃ is controlled at 80N to prevent damage to the valve body structure due to excessively high operating temperatures and to avoid excessive adjustment force leading to delayed recovery. In this embodiment, the entire structure is reliably connected, exhibiting higher stability and safety.

[0047] Example 5 As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment provides a self-damping and self-adjusting stroke valve body structure for fracturing, including a valve seat 8, a spring 6, a valve body 1, a guide rod 2, and a cylinder head 7. The cylinder head 7 is disposed above the valve body 1, and the valve seat 8 is disposed below the valve body 1. A guide cylinder is disposed on the cylinder head 7, and a guide hole is disposed inside the guide cylinder. A rubber sheet 3 is disposed at the contact point between the valve body 1 and the valve seat 8. The guide rod 2 and the spring 6 are disposed on the valve body 1. A damping ring 4 and a temperature difference adjusting ring 5 are disposed on the guide rod 2. The temperature difference adjusting ring 5 is made of high wear-resistant brass or high wear-resistant bronze. The damping ring 4 is made of hydrogenated nitrile rubber. Two damping rings 4 are disposed on the guide rod 2. A column adapted to the width of the spring 6 is disposed on the valve body 1. Gaps are provided on both sides of the guide cylinder.

[0048] This embodiment further reduces the circumferential vibration of the valve body 1 by using a guide rod 2 with two damping rings 4. A column adapted to the width of the spring 6 is provided on the valve body 1 to fix the spring 6 and prevent the spring 6 from shifting due to lateral forces, thereby further improving structural stability. There are gaps on both sides of the guide tube, which can be used to place the spring 6 and further fix the spring 6. At the same time, the spring 6 can pass through the gap into the cylinder head 7, making the connection of the entire structure tighter and increasing structural stability. It also makes it easy to adjust the length of the spring 6 and reduces the requirements for the spring 6. The connection of the entire structure in this embodiment is relatively reliable and has high stability and safety.

[0049] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-damping and self-adjusting stroke valve body structure for fracturing, characterized in that, The valve body includes a valve seat (8), a spring (6), a valve body (1), a guide rod (2), and a cylinder head (7). The cylinder head (7) is located above the valve body (1), and the valve seat (8) is located below the valve body (1). A guide tube is provided on the cylinder head (7), and a guide hole is provided inside the guide tube. A rubber sheet (3) is provided at the contact point between the valve body (1) and the valve seat (8). The guide rod (2) and the spring (6) are located on the valve body (1). A shock-absorbing ring (4) and a temperature difference regulating ring (5) are provided on the guide rod (2). The material of the temperature difference regulating ring (5) is high wear-resistant brass or high wear-resistant bronze. The maximum friction regulating force generated by the temperature difference regulating ring (5) at 120°C is controlled at 80N.

2. The self-damping and self-adjusting stroke valve body structure for fracturing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the damping ring (4) is hydrogenated nitrile rubber or polyurethane and nitrile rubber.

3. The self-damping and self-adjusting stroke valve body structure for fracturing according to claim 1, characterized in that, One or more shock-absorbing rings (4) are provided on the guide rod (2), and one or more temperature difference adjustment rings are provided.

4. The self-damping and self-adjusting stroke valve body structure for fracturing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The valve body (1) and the guide rod (2) are integrally formed.

5. The structure of a self-damping and self-adjusting stroke valve body for fracturing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The valve body (1) is provided with a column that matches the width of the spring (6).

6. The structure of a self-damping and self-adjusting stroke valve body for fracturing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide tube has gaps on both sides.

7. The self-damping and self-adjusting stroke valve body structure for fracturing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the guide rod (2) ranges from 16mm to 40mm.

8. The self-damping and self-adjusting stroke valve body structure for fracturing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The maximum allowable operating temperature of the valve body (1) is 120℃.

9. The structure of a self-damping and self-adjusting stroke valve body for fracturing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The valve body (1) has a height range of 8-15mm when it is open.

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