Quick assembling device and method for optical system of terrestrial afocal catadioptric telescope

Abstract

The application discloses a quick assembling and adjusting device and method of an alt-azimuth type afocal folded axis telescope optical system, and relates to the technical field of telescope optical systems. In particular, the application is applied to an alt-azimuth type reflecting telescope, and is a quick assembling and adjusting method of an afocal optical system with high coincidence requirements for an optical axis and a motion axis system. The application uses traditional optical elements such as a focal point auxiliary imaging component, a follow-up light source and an imaging lens to complete high-precision quick assembling and adjusting of the alt-azimuth type afocal folded axis telescope system, uses the focal point auxiliary imaging component to assemble and adjust a non-planar optical mirror surface, ensures that an outgoing light beam is parallel light, and meets required wavefront quality requirements; the follow-up light source simulates starlight, a folded axis detection lens and a folded axis detection camera are combined to assemble and adjust the folded axis optical system, and the main optical axis is coincident with the telescope motion axis system in the folding process; the folded axis system is installed; internal star guiding optics is constructed; and the main optical axis of the optical system is calibrated. The application makes the assembling and adjusting process more intuitive, quick and efficient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a telescope assembly and adjustment device and method, and relates to the technical fields of telescope optical systems, astronomical telescope design, and precision optical assembly and adjustment; in particular, it relates to a rapid assembly and adjustment device and method for a focusless telescope optical system, and more specifically to a rapid assembly and adjustment device and method for a focusless optical system applied in a horizontal reflecting telescope that has high overlap requirements between the optical axis and the motion axis system. Background Technology

[0002] Telescopes are crucial tools for collecting starlight in astronomical observations, and the quality of their optical system directly impacts the performance of the terminal equipment, thus affecting scientific output. With the development of astronomical observation technology, a series of high-precision astrometry methods have placed higher demands on the optical setup of telescopes. For example, in unit telescopes of stellar interferometry arrays, reflective, afocal optical systems are often used. These systems use folded-axis optics to guide starlight into a unified terminal optical array, minimizing energy loss and diffraction effects during long-distance transmission. This optical system requires the principal optical axis to be highly aligned with the azimuth and altitude axes of the telescope's motion when passing through the folded-axis system. This prevents vignetting caused by the angle and eccentricity between the principal optical axis and the motion axes during starlight tracking, which leads to energy loss and wavefront quality degradation.

[0003] Compared to traditional focused telescope optical systems, afocal telescope systems lack a real focal point on the optical axis. The triple requirements of wavefront parallelism, quality, and optical axis orientation present significant challenges to optical assembly and adjustment. Very few telescopes in operation in China utilize afocal optical systems, resulting in a relative lack of experience in their assembly and adjustment. For altazimuth telescopes, the precise alignment of the folding-axis optical system with the mechanical axis system has always been one of the difficulties in the optical assembly and adjustment process.

[0004] For the assembly and adjustment of a horizontal focalless folded-axis telescope system that requires higher assembly and adjustment accuracy, it is necessary to take into account factors such as the quality of the emitted beam, the parallelism of the wavefront, the relative position changes between the axis system and the optical axis during the telescope's movement, and the ease of assembly and adjustment, and make flexible adjustments according to actual needs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the high-precision assembly and adjustment requirements of altazimuth-afocal-axis folded-axis telescope systems and the lack of mature assembly and adjustment solutions, this invention proposes a rapid assembly and adjustment method for such systems. This method utilizes traditional optical components such as a focus-assisted imaging unit, a servo light source, and imaging lenses to achieve high-precision and rapid assembly and adjustment of the altazimuth-afocal-axis folded-axis telescope system. The key aspects addressed are beam quality, wavefront parallelism, and the alignment of the optical axis with the motion axis. The technical solution includes: Use a focus-assisted imaging component to assemble and adjust the non-planar optical mirrors (primary and secondary mirrors) to ensure that the emitted beam is parallel and meets the required wavefront quality.

[0006] The follow-up light source simulates starlight. Combined with the folding axis detection lens and folding axis detection camera (in the folding axis system), the folding axis optical system is assembled and adjusted so that the principal optical axis coincides with the telescope's motion axis during the folding process.

[0007] Install the optical axis folding system, which includes a third mirror, a fourth mirror, a fifth mirror, and a sixth mirror; and temporarily install optical axis folding detection lenses and optical axis folding detection cameras on the reflected light paths of the third mirror and the sixth mirror for detecting the optical axis. After the optical axis folding system is installed and adjusted, the optical axis folding detection lenses and optical axis folding detection cameras are removed.

[0008] Construct internal guiding optics and calibrate the main optical axis of the optical system.

[0009] Furthermore, the focus-assisted imaging component, such as Figure 1 As shown, the system comprises a telescope connecting and fixing component 101, an imaging lens 102, an optical sleeve and its focusing mechanism 103, and a focal camera 104. Parallel light is imaged onto the target surface of the focal camera 104 by the optical sleeve and its focusing mechanism 103 through the imaging lens 102.

[0010] The focus-assisted imaging component is mounted on the mechanical structure of the primary mirror via the telescope connecting fastener 101. The imaging lens 102 is installed inside the optical sleeve and its focusing mechanism 103 and is connected to the telescope connecting fastener 101.

[0011] Furthermore, the method for assembling and adjusting the non-planar optical mirrors (primary mirror, secondary mirror) includes: The standard parallel light source is aligned with the mechanical axis of the telescope tube; Adjust the "XY" position and tilt of the primary mirror, referencing the light spot on the primary mirror and the reflected light spot of the primary mirror, to align the optical axis of the primary mirror with the mechanical axis of the telescope tube; Install the secondary mirror adjustment frame, secondary mirror chamber, and secondary mirror; Adjust the "XY" position and tilt of the secondary mirror, and refer to the center scale of the secondary mirror and the reflected light spot to align the optical axis of the secondary mirror with the mechanical axis of the telescope tube; Refer to the parallel optical flat interference pattern to coarsely adjust the focal lengths of the primary and secondary mirrors; Measure the size of the parallel light spot at near and far distances respectively, compare it with the theoretical size, and fine-tune the focal length of the primary and secondary mirrors; Install the focus-aiding imaging component, refer to the defocus and focus image spots, and fine-tune the "XY" position of the secondary mirror; Alternately adjust the Z-axis of the secondary mirror and the pitch and yaw of the secondary mirror to eliminate the coupling of adjustment amount caused by the gap in the adjustment mechanism.

[0012] In the adjustment mechanism of the primary and secondary mirrors, the initial position is adjusted to the theoretical position, and further adjustments are made based on this to accelerate the convergence speed.

[0013] The parallel optical flat interference pattern is the interference pattern formed by two beams of light reflected from the front and rear surfaces of the parallel optical flat. When the parallelism of the beam wavefront is better than the parallelism of the front and rear surfaces of the parallel optical flat itself, the interference pattern will be a single interference fringe; otherwise, it will be multiple alternating bright and dark interference fringes.

[0014] The defocus and focus image spots of the focus-assisted imaging component are adjusted by the focusing mechanism in the focus-assisted imaging component, so that the image quality exhibited by the defocus image spot and the focus image spot on the image plane during the mutual transformation process can be used as a reference in the focusing (adjustment) process.

[0015] The reference method for defocus and focus image spots is as follows: When referring to the defocused image, examine the position and width of the shadow produced by the crosshairs in the lens tube in the circular defocused spot. At this time, the pitch and "XY" position errors are already very small. The width of the shadow reflects the yaw and pitch; the yaw and pitch error is minimized when the width is the smallest. The distance between the shadow position and the diameter parallel to it on the image plane is the "XY" position error; When referring to the focal image, examine the process of focusing from the defocused state and the overlap of the diffraction starbursts of the crosshairs in the focal image. Combined with the qualitative wavefront quality, the image quality can be further qualitatively measured using interferometer equipment.

[0016] Furthermore, the follower light source, such as Figure 2 As shown, it consists of a lens barrel connector 201, an adjustment mechanism connector 202, an adjustment mechanism 203, and a parallel light source 204; the number of adjustment mechanisms 203 and adjustment mechanism connectors 202 is determined by the number of parallel light sources 204.

[0017] The adjustment mechanism 203 can drive the parallel light source 204 to perform two-dimensional adjustment of tilt and pitch. The adjustment mechanism 203 is fixed on the adjustment mechanism connector 202.

[0018] The adjustment mechanism connector 202 is distributed on the annular lens tube connector 201, so that the primary mirror receives a uniform number of parallel light sources, and the optical axes of these parallel light sources are all parallel to the optical axis of the telescope.

[0019] The parallel light from the specified number of parallel light sources should be tangent to the aperture of the primary mirror as much as possible to achieve a "full aperture" effect.

[0020] Furthermore, the assembly and adjustment method of the folding-axis optical system includes: After completing the installation and adjustment of the non-planar optical mirrors (primary mirror and secondary mirror), install a follower light source on the secondary mirror ring of the telescope tube; Adjust the adjustment mechanism on the follower light source so that the optical axis of the parallel light source is parallel to the optical axis of the primary and secondary mirrors; Install the third mirror and make coarse adjustments so that the light spots from the parallel light sources are all centered in the third mirror. The reflected light from the third mirror is imaged onto the folded-axis detection camera using a folded-axis detection lens; Rotate the height axis to record the movement trajectory of the light spot, and adjust the yaw and pitch of the third mirror until the position of the light spot remains unchanged when the height axis is rotated; The number of light spots reflected by the third mirror is received using a white screen. The intersection of the diagonals is the optical axis, and the position of the optical axis is recorded. Rotate the height axis and record the trajectory of the optical axis position. Adjust the Z-position of the third mirror in the optical axis direction of the lens tube and the Z-position in the height axis direction until the recorded optical axis position remains unchanged when the height axis is rotated. Install the fourth and fifth mirrors, and adjust the tilt and pitch of the fourth mirror so that the light spot falls in the center of the fifth mirror; Install the sixth mirror, adjust the tilt and pitch of the fifth mirror so that the light spot falls on the center of the sixth mirror, and image the reflected light from the sixth mirror onto the folding-axis detection camera through the folding-axis detection lens; Rotate the azimuth axis to record the movement trajectory of the light spot, and adjust the yaw and pitch of the sixth mirror until the position of the light spot remains unchanged when the azimuth axis is rotated. The number of light spots from the parallel light sources reflected by the sixth mirror is received using a white screen. The intersection of the diagonals is the optical axis, and the position of the optical axis is recorded. Rotate the azimuth axis to record the trajectory of the optical axis position. Fine-tune the pitch and yaw of the fifth lens, and alternate with the pitch and yaw of the sixth lens until the recorded optical axis position remains unchanged when the azimuth axis is rotated, and the position of the light spot in the folding axis detection camera also remains unchanged.

[0021] Furthermore, by combining the azimuth and altitude axes of the motion telescope, we can verify whether the optical axis of the sixth mirror's emitted light will change during motion. After confirming that there is no change, we will install the beam splitter and the subsequent guiding system, and align the system's optical axis center with the guiding camera center.

[0022] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The visualized optical axis of the telescope makes assembly and adjustment more intuitive and faster. By visualizeding the optical axis through a standard parallel light source and a focus-aided imaging component, the optical performance of the system can be verified at any time during assembly and adjustment, improving assembly and adjustment efficiency and facilitating more precise optical testing.

[0023] 2. Dynamic adjustment to achieve alignment between the optical axis and motion axis of the folding-axis system. Through a follow-up light source, the telescope is dynamically adjusted to match its actual operating state. The dynamically quantifiable optical axis, through the errors in the telescope's motion calibration and motion axis system, allows the optical axis of the folding-axis system to be adjusted to coincide with the motion axis system, and this can be dynamically verified. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the focus-assisted imaging component is shown; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the follower light source component is shown; Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating the assembly and adjustment method of the present invention is shown; Figure 4 This diagram illustrates the optical path of the altazimuth-type nonfocal folded-axis telescope system in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Among them: 101 Telescope connecting fastener, 102 Imaging lens, 103 Optical sleeve and its focusing mechanism, 104 Focus camera; 201 Lens tube connector, 202 Adjustment mechanism connector, 203 Adjustment mechanism, 204 Parallel light source. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The embodiments of the present invention are given below with reference to the accompanying drawings to illustrate the technical solution in detail. Example 1

[0027] This embodiment combines Figure 1 This invention provides a detailed description of the installation and use of the focus-assisted imaging component.

[0028] The focal-assisted imaging component includes: a telescope connecting and fixing component 101, an imaging lens 102, an optical sleeve and its focusing mechanism 103, and a focal camera 104.

[0029] The telescope connecting fastener 101 consists of two vertically intersecting straight rods, each with threaded holes at its four ends and a circular center intersection. The optical sleeve and its focusing mechanism 103 are cylindrical structures with two elongated elliptical through holes on their circumferential sidewalls. The optical sleeve and its focusing mechanism 103 are fixedly installed at the center intersection of the telescope connecting fastener 101. The imaging lens 102 is installed inside the optical sleeve and its focusing mechanism 103. The focal camera 104 is installed on the upper part of the optical sleeve and its focusing mechanism 103. Parallel light is imaged onto the target surface of the focal camera 104 by the optical sleeve and its focusing mechanism 103 through the imaging lens 102.

[0030] The focus-aid imaging component is mounted on the mechanical structure of the outer frame of the telescope primary mirror via the telescope connection fastener 101. Example 2

[0031] This embodiment combines Figure 2 This invention provides a detailed description of the implementation method for installing and using the follow-up light source.

[0032] The installation of the follow-up light source component will refer to the standard parallel light source, with the aim of adjusting the optical axis of the sub-light source in the follow-up light source to be consistent with the standard parallel light source.

[0033] In such Figure 2 In the shown follow-up light source component, the number of adjustment mechanism 203 and adjustment mechanism connector 202 is determined by the number of parallel light sources 204. This invention takes four parallel light sources 204 as an example for specific description. In the parallel light source 204, the fiber light source forms parallel light after passing through the collimating lens, which is also called a sub-light source.

[0034] The follow-up light source component consists of a lens barrel connector 201, four adjustment mechanism connectors 202, four adjustment mechanisms 203, and four parallel light sources 204; The lens barrel connector 201 is annular, and four adjustment mechanisms 203 are symmetrically distributed on the annular lens barrel connector 201 via four adjustment mechanism connectors 202. Four parallel light sources 204 are fixedly installed on the four adjustment mechanisms 203. This ensures that the primary mirror receives four uniformly incident parallel beams of light, and that their optical axes are all parallel to the optical axis of the telescope. The adjustment mechanism 203 can drive one parallel light source 204 to perform two-dimensional adjustment of tilt and pitch. The four parallel beams of light are as tangent as possible to the light transmission aperture of the primary mirror.

[0035] The optical axes of the four parallel beams are adjusted by the reference focus auxiliary imaging component to make the image spot of each sub-light source coincide with the image spot of the standard parallel light source. At this time, the optical axes of the four parallel beams are parallel to the optical axis of the standard parallel light source.

[0036] Furthermore, the follow-up light source can rotate with the telescope's altitude and azimuth axes, simulating starlight synchronously as the telescope rotates, thus assisting in the setup and adjustment process.

[0037] Furthermore, employing four sub-light sources can effectively reduce the additional load on the telescope and lighten the components, so as not to excessively disrupt the telescope's own mechanical balance; the four sub-light sources can also obtain the optical axis position of the simulated light source, as well as the changes in the pupil plane during the telescope's imaging process.

[0038] The focus-assisted imaging component and the follow-up light source component constitute a rapid assembly and adjustment device for the optical system of the altazimuth-type non-focal folded-axis telescope.

[0039] The number of parallel light sources 204 can be selected as four or more, depending on the actual installation space and shaft system adjustment requirements.

[0040] The follow-up light source component is mounted on the secondary mirror ring of the telescope tube via the lens tube connector 201. Example 3

[0041] This embodiment combines Figure 3 as well as Figure 4 The optical path diagram illustrates the implementation method of the present invention in detail.

[0042] The assembly and adjustment method can be based on Figure 3 It consists of eight steps.

[0043] Step 1: Provide a rapid assembly and adjustment device for the optical system of the horizon-type focal-free folding-axis telescope to be assembled and adjusted; The optical axis adjustment system to be installed includes: a third mirror, a fourth mirror, a fifth mirror, and a sixth mirror; and an optical axis detection lens and an optical axis detection camera temporarily installed sequentially on the reflected light paths of the third mirror and the sixth mirror for detecting the optical axis. After the optical axis adjustment system is completed, the optical axis detection lens and the optical axis detection camera can be removed.

[0044] The rapid assembly and adjustment device of the altazimuth-type nonfocal folding-axis telescope optical system includes: a focus-aided imaging component and a follow-up light source component.

[0045] Step 2: Align the standard parallel light source with the mechanical axis of the telescope tube. This step involves using markers in the telescope tube to ensure that the optical axis of the standard parallel light source is completely aligned with the mechanical axis of the telescope tube. In subsequent assembly and adjustment, the visible and measurable optical axis will replace the mechanical axis to complete the assembly and adjustment of the optical system. The complete overlap needs to be achieved by adjusting the horizontal and vertical positions, yaw and pitch of the standard parallel light source in four dimensions.

[0046] Step 3: Install the primary mirror according to the optical axis of the standard light source, aligning its principal optical axis with the mechanical axis: First, align the center of the primary mirror with the optical axis of the standard light source using the marker inside the hole in the primary mirror. Then, adjust the tilt and pitch of the primary mirror so that the optical axis of its reflected light coincides with the optical axis of the standard light source. At this point, the primary mirror assembly is complete.

[0047] Step 4: Install the secondary mirror. Coarsely adjust the secondary mirror's orientation according to the standard light source's optical axis, and then adjust its orientation using the focus-assisted imaging component to ensure that the optical axes of the primary and secondary mirrors coincide and that the image quality of the emitted parallel light meets the installation and adjustment requirements. Based on the markings on the optical axis of the primary mirror and the secondary mirror of the standard light source, the center of the secondary mirror is installed to coincide with the optical axis. Through its reflected light, the yaw and pitch of the secondary mirror are coarsely adjusted so that its reflected light optical axis coincides with the optical axis of the standard light source. By using the focus-assisted imaging component, observe the image formed by the reflected light output from the secondary mirror, and adjust the orientation of the secondary mirror to obtain the best image quality; The method to obtain the best image quality requires adjusting the horizontal and vertical positions, yaw and pitch of the secondary mirror in four dimensions by referencing the focal length of the lens in the focus-assisted imaging component, the image at the focal point, in front of the focal point, and behind the focal point, as well as their changes, in order to obtain the most ideal posture. Furthermore, the optimal image quality also includes the parallelism of parallel light, which requires maximizing the measurement distance and improving accuracy.

[0048] Step 5: Install the focus-assisted imaging component and use it to verify the image quality and wavefront parallelism of the afocal optical system; repeatedly fine-tune the secondary mirror attitude to ensure that the image quality and parallelism meet the requirements.

[0049] 1. Parallelism: When the focal plane image spot acquired by the focal camera in the focal auxiliary imaging component is the smallest, and the interference pattern obtained by the parallel light reflected from the secondary mirror directly passing through the optical flat crystal is a single interference fringe, the parallelism meets the requirements. 2. Image quality: In the focal image, the diffraction starbursts of multiple crosshairs overlap and diffraction rings appear.

[0050] In this invention, the focus-aiding imaging component can be removed before installing the third mirror.

[0051] Step Six: Install and calibrate the servo light source so that its multiple optical axes are parallel to the optical axis of the standard light source. The follower light source is mounted on the secondary mirror ring. By adjusting the adjustment mechanism of each sub-light source on the follower light source, the optical axis of each sub-light source is made parallel to the optical axis of the standard parallel light source. The optical axis of the sub-light source is parallel to the optical axis of the standard parallel light source. It is adjusted by the images of each light source formed in the focus-assisted imaging component. The point images formed by all sub-light sources should be in the same position as the point images formed by the standard parallel light source.

[0052] Step 7: Install the folding axis system, which consists of four reflectors. Adjust the attitude of the third mirror according to the follow-up light source so that the positions of the obtained image and the pupil do not change when the telescope moves along the height axis: The beam reflected from the third mirror is received by the folded-axis detection lens and imaged on the folded-axis detection camera. The tilt and pitch attitude of the third mirror is adjusted so that the center of the image spot on the folded-axis detection camera does not move when the telescope's height axis rotates. At this time, the output optical axis of the third mirror is parallel to the telescope's height axis. The position of the exit optical axis of the third mirror is obtained by the intersection of the sub-beam lines. The position of the third mirror is adjusted so that the position of the exit optical axis of the third mirror does not change when the telescope height axis is rotated. At this time, the exit optical axis of the third mirror coincides with the telescope height axis. The two-step adjustment of the third mirror needs to be verified alternately to avoid changes in the optical axis caused by the coupling of the adjustment amount in the adjustment mechanism.

[0053] Install the fourth, fifth, and sixth mirrors, and adjust the fourth and fifth mirrors so that the multiple light spots of the follow-up light source are evenly surrounding the center of the fifth and sixth mirror surfaces: Adjust the fourth and fifth mirrors according to the light spot of the follow-up light source so that the optical axis coincides with the center of the mirror surface.

[0054] Adjust the attitude of the sixth mirror according to the follow-up light source so that the positions of the obtained image and the pupil do not change when the telescope moves along the azimuth axis: The beam reflected from the sixth mirror is received by the folded-axis detection lens and imaged on the folded-axis detection camera. The tilt and pitch attitude of the sixth mirror is adjusted so that the center of the image spot on the folded-axis detection camera does not move when the azimuth axis of the telescope rotates. At this time, the output optical axis of the sixth mirror is parallel to the azimuth axis of the telescope. The position of the output optical axis of the sixth mirror is obtained by the intersection of the sub-beam lines. The yaw and pitch of the fifth mirror are finely adjusted so that the position of the output optical axis of the sixth mirror does not change when the azimuth axis of the telescope rotates. The yaw and pitch of the sixth mirror in the previous step are repeatedly adjusted until the output optical axis of the sixth mirror coincides with the height axis of the telescope. The two-step adjustment of the sixth mirror needs to be verified alternately to avoid changes in the optical axis caused by the coupling of the adjustment amount in the adjustment mechanism.

[0055] Step 8: Calibrate the guiding system: By combining the azimuth and altitude axes of the motion telescope, we can verify whether the optical axis of the light emitted from the sixth mirror will change during motion. After confirming that there is no change, we will install the beam splitter and the subsequent guiding system, and align the optical axis center with the center of the guiding camera.

[0056] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these variations still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid assembly and adjustment method for an optical system of a horizontal, focal-free, folded-axis telescope, characterized in that, This method utilizes a rapid assembly and adjustment device for the optical system of a horizontal, focal-free, fold-axis telescope. The specific device includes: Focus-assisted imaging components and follow-up light source components; The focus-assisted imaging component includes: a telescope connecting and fixing component (101), an imaging lens (102), an optical sleeve and its focusing mechanism (103), and a focus camera (104); The telescope connecting fastener (101) consists of two vertically intersecting straight rods with threaded holes at the four ends and a circular center intersection. The optical sleeve and its focusing mechanism (103) are cylindrical structures with two elongated elliptical through holes on their circumferential sidewalls. The optical sleeve and its focusing mechanism (103) are fixedly installed at the center intersection of the telescope connecting fastener (101). The imaging lens (102) is installed inside the optical sleeve and its focusing mechanism (103). The focal camera (104) is installed on the upper part of the optical sleeve and its focusing mechanism (103). Parallel light is imaged by the optical sleeve and its focusing mechanism (103) through the imaging lens (102) onto the target surface of the focal camera (104). The follow-up light source component includes: a lens barrel connector (201), an adjustment mechanism connector (202), an adjustment mechanism (203), and a parallel light source (204); the number of adjustment mechanisms (203) and adjustment mechanism connectors (202) is determined by the number of parallel light sources (204); The lens barrel connector (201) is annular, and the adjustment mechanism (203) is distributed on the annular lens barrel connector (201) through the adjustment mechanism connector (202). The parallel light source (204) is fixedly installed on the adjustment mechanism (203). This allows the primary mirror to receive parallel light incident from the parallel light source, and its optical axis is parallel to the optical axis of the telescope. The adjustment mechanism (203) drives the parallel light source (204) to perform two-dimensional adjustment of yaw and pitch. The parallel light from the parallel light source is tangent to the light transmission aperture of the primary mirror. The assembly and adjustment method includes the following steps: Step S1. Provide a quick assembly and adjustment device for the optical system of the horizon-type focal-free folding-axis telescope to be assembled and adjusted; Step S2. Align the optical axis of the standard parallel light source with the mechanical axis of the telescope tube; Step S3. Install the primary mirror in the telescope optical system and adjust its attitude so that the optical axis of the primary mirror coincides with the optical axis of the standard parallel light source; Step S4. Install the secondary mirror in the telescope optical system and adjust its attitude so that the optical axis of the secondary mirror coincides with the optical axis of the standard parallel light source; Step S5. Install the focus-assisted imaging component. Install the focus-assisted imaging component on the mechanical structure of the outer frame of the telescope primary mirror through the telescope connecting fastener (101). Use the focus-assisted imaging component to check the image quality and wavefront parallelism of the afocal optical system. By repeatedly fine-tuning the attitude of the secondary mirror, ensure that the parallelism and image quality meet the requirements. Remove the focus-assisted imaging component before installing the third mirror. Step S6. Install the follower light source component. Install the follower light source component on the secondary mirror ring of the telescope tube through the tube connector (201). Adjust the attitude and focal length of each sub-light source one by one so that the optical axis of its emitted parallel light is parallel to the optical axis of the standard parallel light source. According to the image of the sub-light source in the focus-assisted imaging tool, verify whether the attitude of the follower light source is installed. Step S7. Install the folding axis system, which contains four reflectors; With the help of a follow-up light source, the optical axis is aligned with the height axis and azimuth axis of the horizontal frame through the optical axis folding system. Step S8. Install the guiding optical system and calibrate the system's optical axis position; By combining the azimuth and altitude axes of the motion telescope, we can verify whether the optical axis of the sixth mirror's emitted light will change during motion. After confirming that there is no change, we will install the beam splitter and the subsequent guiding system, and align the system's optical axis center with the guiding camera center.

2. The rapid assembly and adjustment method for the altazimuth-type nonfocal folding-axis telescope optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of parallel light sources (204) is selected according to the actual installation space and shaft system adjustment requirements, and is at least 4.

3. The rapid assembly and adjustment method for the altazimuth-type focal-free folding-axis telescope optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the optical axis folding system to be installed and adjusted includes: a third mirror, a fourth mirror, a fifth mirror, and a sixth mirror; and an optical axis folding detection lens and an optical axis folding detection camera are temporarily set in the reflected light paths of the third mirror and the sixth mirror for detecting the optical axis. After the optical axis folding system is installed and adjusted, the optical axis folding detection lens and the optical axis folding detection camera are removed.

4. The rapid assembly and adjustment method for the altazimuth-type non-focal folding-axis telescope optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The parallelism and image quality requirements in step S5 are as follows: Parallelism: When the focal plane image spot acquired by the focal camera in the focal auxiliary imaging component is the smallest, and the interference pattern obtained by the parallel light reflected from the secondary mirror directly through the optical flat crystal is a single interference fringe, the parallelism meets the requirements; Image quality: The diffraction starbursts of the crosshairs in the focal image coincide and diffraction rings appear.

5. The rapid assembly and adjustment method for the optical system of the altazimuth-type non-focal folding-axis telescope according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S7 specifically includes: Step S701. Install the third mirror. The third mirror is installed between the primary mirror and the secondary mirror. The position of the third mirror is intersecting the height axis of the telescope. During the rotation of the height axis of the telescope, the center of the pattern formed by the light spots of the neutron light source in the reflected beam reflected by the third mirror and the position of the image spot obtained by the folded axis detection lens do not change. Step S702. Install the fourth mirror, which is installed in the reflection direction of the third mirror, and is used to adjust the propagation direction of the light emitted from the fourth mirror; Step S703. Install the fifth mirror, which is installed in the reflection direction of the fourth mirror. Adjust the tilt and pitch of the fourth mirror so that the light spot of the parallel light source sub-light source falls on the center of the fifth mirror. Step S704. Install the sixth mirror. The sixth mirror is positioned to intersect with the azimuth axis of the telescope. During the rotation of the azimuth axis of the telescope, the center of the pattern formed by the neutron light source spot in the reflected beam reflected by the sixth mirror and the position of the image spot obtained by the lens do not change.

6. The rapid assembly and adjustment method for the optical system of the altazimuth-type non-focal folding-axis telescope according to claim 5, characterized in that, The specific method of step S701 is as follows: First, make coarse adjustments to ensure that the entire light spot of the parallel light source sub-source is centered on the third mirror; then, use the folded-axis detection lens to image the reflected light from the third mirror onto the folded-axis detection camera; adjust the tilt and pitch of the third mirror so that the center of the image spot on the camera does not move when the telescope's height axis rotates, at which point the output optical axis of the third mirror is parallel to the telescope's height axis. The second step is to use a white screen to receive the parallel light spot reflected by the third mirror. The intersection of the diagonals is the position of the output optical axis of the third mirror. Record the position of the optical axis and adjust the position of the third mirror so that the position of the output optical axis of the third mirror does not change when the telescope's height axis is rotated. At this time, the output optical axis of the third mirror coincides with the telescope's height axis. The two-step adjustment of the third mirror needs to be verified alternately to avoid changes in the optical axis caused by the coupling of the adjustment amount in the adjustment mechanism.

7. The rapid assembly and adjustment method for the altazimuth-type focal-free folding-axis telescope optical system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The specific method of step S704 is as follows: The first step is to install the sixth mirror in the reflection direction of the fifth mirror, and adjust the tilt and pitch of the fifth mirror so that the light spot of the parallel light source falls on the center of the sixth mirror. The reflected light from the sixth mirror is then imaged onto the folded-axis detection camera through the folded-axis detection lens. The tilt and pitch of the sixth mirror are then adjusted so that the center of the image spot on the folded-axis detection camera does not move when the azimuth axis of the telescope rotates. At this time, the output optical axis of the sixth mirror is parallel to the azimuth axis of the telescope. The second step is to use a white screen to receive the parallel light spot reflected by the sixth mirror. The intersection of the diagonals is the position of the output optical axis of the sixth mirror. Record the position of the optical axis. Fine-tune the tilt and pitch of the fifth mirror so that the position of the output optical axis of the sixth mirror does not change when the azimuth axis of the telescope rotates. Repeat the tilt and pitch adjustment of the sixth mirror in the previous step. At this time, the output optical axis of the sixth mirror coincides with the height axis of the telescope. The two-step adjustment of the sixth mirror needs to be verified alternately to avoid changes in the optical axis caused by the coupling of the adjustment amount in the adjustment mechanism.

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