Antenna elements and base station antennas

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to an antenna element and a base station antenna, the antenna element comprising: one central subunit; a plurality of peripheral subunits arranged around the central subunit; a low-pass high-resistance filter connected between the element arms of the central subunit and the element arms of the peripheral subunits, for transmitting first frequency energy and suppressing second frequency energy, the first frequency being smaller than the second frequency; wherein the central subunit comprises a first radiation surface and a first reflecting ground, and the peripheral subunits comprise a second radiation surface and a second reflecting ground; the first radiation surface and the second radiation surface are in the same radiation plane, and the first reflecting ground and the second reflecting ground are arranged in a staggered manner. The present disclosure can solve the problem of mutual coupling between radiation units of different frequency bands, avoid mutual influence between radiation units of different frequency bands, improve the working efficiency of the radiation units and improve the distortion of the radiation pattern, and is beneficial to improving the overall performance of the base station antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of communication equipment technology, and in particular to an antenna vibrator and a base station antenna. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of mobile internet services and the high-speed growth of mobile user data traffic, higher demands are being placed on the system capacity and transmission rate of mobile communications. As the electromagnetic wave receiving and transmitting device at the front end of the mobile communication system, the base station antenna is a crucial hub connecting mobile users and base station equipment, and its performance is paramount. In practical applications, developing multi-frequency, multi-port antennas to increase the number of antenna channels can effectively improve channel capacity and signal coverage.

[0003] However, due to the limitation of windward area, the upper limit of antenna size is usually fixed. This also leads to the fact that in multi-band fusion base station antennas, in order to achieve antenna integration and miniaturization, the spacing between adjacent radiating elements is usually less than 0.8λ, and in some fusion antennas, the spacing between adjacent radiating elements even reaches 0.5λ or smaller. This compact layout causes mutual coupling between radiating elements, reduces the working efficiency of the radiating elements, causes radiation pattern distortion, and seriously affects the overall performance of the base station antenna. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, or at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this disclosure provides an antenna vibrator and a base station antenna.

[0005] In a first aspect, this disclosure provides an antenna vibrator, comprising: A central subunit; Multiple peripheral sub-units are arranged around the central sub-unit; A low-pass, high-impedance filter is connected between the oscillator arm of the central subunit and the oscillator arm of the peripheral subunit. It is used to transmit first frequency energy and suppress second frequency energy, wherein the first frequency is lower than the second frequency. The central subunit includes a first radiating surface and a first reflecting ground, and the peripheral subunit includes a second radiating surface and a second reflecting ground; the first radiating surface and the second radiating surface are in the same radiating plane, and the first reflecting ground and the second reflecting ground are staggered.

[0006] In some embodiments, the height between the first radiating surface and the first reflecting ground is d0, and satisfies: 1 / 8λL≤d0≤1 / 2λL; The plane containing the second reflecting ground is located between the plane containing the first reflecting ground and the radiation plane, and the distance between the second reflecting ground and the first reflecting ground is d1, which satisfies: 1 / 16λL≤d1≤1 / 4λL; Wherein, λL represents the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the first frequency.

[0007] In some embodiments, the low-pass high-impedance filter includes a spiral winding and a short-circuit post connected to the spiral winding. The spiral connects to the peripheral sub-unit; The short-circuit post is connected to the central sub-unit.

[0008] In some embodiments, the distance between the central subunit and the peripheral subunit is d2, and satisfies: λH≤d2≤ λH; Where λ represents the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the second frequency.

[0009] In some embodiments, the central subunit has a first equivalent electrical length, the peripheral subunit has a second equivalent electrical length, and satisfies: 0.5L2≤L1≤2L2; Where L1 represents the first equivalent electrical length and L2 represents the second equivalent electrical length.

[0010] In some embodiments, the balun of the peripheral subunit is coupled and fed.

[0011] In some embodiments, the second radiating surface of the peripheral subunit is fed by a coupled power supply.

[0012] In some embodiments, the central subunit includes a first radiating arm distributed within the first radiating surface; The first radiating arm has a filter stub, which is used to suppress the second frequency energy.

[0013] In some embodiments, the filter stub includes a continuously bent microstrip line.

[0014] In some embodiments, the peripheral subunit includes a second radiating arm distributed within the second radiating surface; The first radiating arm, the second radiating arm, and the low-pass high-impedance filter are electrically connected one-to-one. The central subunit, the low-pass high-impedance filter connected to the central subunit, and the second radiating arm connected to the low-pass high-impedance filter constitute the first frequency radiating unit; the peripheral subunits form the second frequency radiating unit.

[0015] Secondly, this disclosure also provides a base station antenna, including the antenna element of any of the claims in the first aspect.

[0016] In some embodiments, the antenna elements are arranged in a linear array along a preset direction.

[0017] In some embodiments, the distance between adjacent antenna elements is equal along a preset direction.

[0018] In some embodiments, the distance between adjacent antenna elements along a preset direction is d3, and satisfies: 0.5λL≤d3≤λL; Wherein, λL represents the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the first frequency.

[0019] The technical solution provided in this disclosure has the following advantages compared with the prior art: The antenna element disclosed herein includes: a central sub-unit; multiple peripheral sub-units arranged around the central sub-unit; and a low-pass, high-impedance filter connected between the arm of the central sub-unit and the arm of the peripheral sub-units for transmitting a first frequency energy and suppressing a second frequency energy, wherein the first frequency is lower than the second frequency. The central sub-unit includes a first radiating surface and a first reflecting ground, and the peripheral sub-units include a second radiating surface and a second reflecting ground. The first and second radiating surfaces are in the same radiation plane, and the first and second reflecting grounds are offset. Therefore, by setting the first and second radiating surfaces in the same radiation plane and offsetting the first and second reflecting grounds, mutual interference between the first and second radiating surfaces in the direction perpendicular to the radiation plane can be prevented. This solves the problem of mutual coupling between radiating elements of different frequency bands, avoids mutual interference between radiating sub-units of different frequency bands, improves the working efficiency of the radiating elements and reduces radiation pattern distortion, thus improving the overall performance of the base station antenna. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure.

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an antenna vibrator provided in an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 2 This is a front view schematic diagram of an antenna vibrator provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a peripheral subunit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a central subunit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first frequency radiating unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a conventional antenna vibrator provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 8 A schematic diagram comparing the high-frequency radiation pattern of the antenna array provided in the embodiments of this disclosure with that of antenna arrays in related technologies; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram comparing the low-frequency radiation pattern of the antenna array provided in the embodiments of this disclosure with that of antenna arrays in related technologies.

[0023] Among them, 1 is the central sub-unit; 2 is the peripheral sub-unit; 3 is the low-pass high-impedance filter; 11 is the oscillator arm of the central sub-unit; 12 is the first radiating surface; 13 is the first reflecting ground; 14 is the filter stub; 21 is the oscillator arm of the peripheral sub-unit; 22 is the second radiating surface; 23 is the second reflecting ground; 24 is the feed balun; 111 is the first radiating arm; 211 is the second radiating arm; and 10 is the first frequency radiating unit. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this disclosure, the solutions disclosed herein will be further described below. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described herein can be combined with each other.

[0025] Numerous specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of this disclosure, but this disclosure may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein; obviously, the embodiments in the specification are only some, and not all, of the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0026] Because antenna size is typically limited, in multi-band fusion base station antennas, to achieve antenna integration and miniaturization, the spacing between adjacent radiating elements is usually less than 0.8λ, and in some fusion antennas, the spacing between adjacent radiating elements even reaches 0.5λ or less. This compact layout causes mutual coupling between radiating elements, reduces their efficiency, causes radiation pattern distortion, and severely affects the overall performance of the base station antenna.

[0027] To address the aforementioned deficiencies in the prior art, this disclosure provides an antenna element. The radiating element provided in this disclosure can be applied to base station antennas, as well as other types of antennas; this disclosure does not limit its application to these applications.

[0028] The antenna vibrator and base station antenna provided in the embodiments of this disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] For example, Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an antenna vibrator provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 2 This is a front view structural diagram of an antenna vibrator provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown below. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the antenna element includes: a central sub-unit 1 and multiple peripheral sub-units 2, the peripheral sub-units 2 being arranged around the central sub-unit 1; a low-pass high-impedance filter 3, connected between the vibrator arm 11 of the central sub-unit 1 and the vibrator arm 21 of the peripheral sub-unit 2, for transmitting first frequency energy and suppressing second frequency energy, the first frequency being less than the second frequency.

[0030] The central subunit 1 includes a first radiating surface 12 and a first reflecting ground 13, and the peripheral subunit 2 includes a second radiating surface 22 and a second reflecting ground 23. The first radiating surface 12 and the second radiating surface 22 are in the same radiating plane, and the first reflecting ground 13 and the second reflecting ground 23 are staggered.

[0031] For example, see Figure 1 The antenna element comprises multiple radiating sub-units, such as a central sub-unit 1 and four peripheral sub-units 2, with the peripheral sub-units 2 arranged around the central sub-unit 1. Both the central sub-unit 1 and the peripheral sub-units 2 are composed of two mutually orthogonal polarization states. The central sub-unit 1 and the peripheral sub-units 2 are connected by a low-pass, high-impedance filter 3, which is connected between the arm 11 of the central sub-unit and the arm 21 of the peripheral sub-units. The low-pass, high-impedance filter 3 transmits energy at a first frequency and suppresses energy at a second frequency, where the first frequency is lower than the second frequency. This means the low-pass, high-impedance filter 3 can transmit low-frequency signals and suppress high-frequency signals. For example, in practical applications, the first frequency can be 690MHz to 960MHz, and the second frequency can be 1710MHz to 2690MHz. Accordingly, the central subunit 1 is a low-frequency radiation subunit used to form a low-frequency radiation unit. The low-frequency radiation unit also includes the oscillator arm 21 of the multiplexed peripheral subunit, which will be explained in subsequent embodiments. The peripheral subunit 2 is a high-frequency radiation subunit used to form a high-frequency radiation unit. Therefore, the balun height and equivalent electrical length of the central subunit 1 and the peripheral subunit 2 are different.

[0032] In existing technologies, the radiating surfaces of the central sub-unit and the peripheral sub-units of an antenna element are offset in height. The reflecting ground of the central sub-unit and the reflecting ground of the peripheral sub-units are located within the same reflecting ground. However, due to the limited size of the antenna element and the small distance between the radiating surfaces of the central and peripheral sub-units, they interfere with each other in the direction perpendicular to the radiating plane. Therefore, radiating sub-units of different frequency bands will experience adverse effects due to mutual coupling, affecting their own operating efficiency and the overall performance of the antenna element. For further details, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2In the antenna vibrator provided in this embodiment, the central subunit 1 includes a first radiating surface 12 and a first reflecting ground 13, and the peripheral subunit 2 includes a second radiating surface 22 and a second reflecting ground 23. The first radiating surface 12 and the second radiating surface 22 are in the same radiation plane, and the first reflecting ground 13 and the second reflecting ground 23 are offset from each other. With this structure, the first radiating surface 12 and the second radiating surface 22 do not interfere with or overlap each other in the direction perpendicular to the radiation plane, thereby solving the problem of mutual coupling between the first radiating surface 12 of the central subunit 1 and the second radiating surface 22 of the peripheral subunit 2, and improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna vibrator.

[0033] In the antenna vibrator provided in this embodiment, the first radiating surface and the second radiating surface are disposed in the same radiating plane, and the first reflecting ground and the second reflecting ground are staggered to prevent the first radiating surface and the second radiating surface from interfering with each other in the direction perpendicular to the radiating plane. This solves the problem of mutual coupling between radiating sub-units of different frequency bands, avoids mutual influence between radiating sub-units of different frequency bands, improves the working efficiency of the radiating unit and improves the radiation pattern distortion, and helps to improve the overall performance of the base station antenna.

[0034] In some embodiments, see continue to see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The height between the first radiating surface 12 and the first reflecting ground 13 is d0, and satisfies: 1 / 8λL≤d0≤1 / 2λL.

[0035] The plane containing the second reflecting ground is located between the plane containing the first reflecting ground and the radiation plane, and the distance between the second reflecting ground 23 and the first reflecting ground 13 is d1, satisfying: 1 / 16λL≤d1≤1 / 4λL. Wherein, λL represents the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the first frequency.

[0036] The antenna element includes a low-frequency radiating element and a high-frequency radiating element. The low-frequency radiating element consists of a central sub-unit 1 and some peripheral sub-units' arms 21, used to transmit low-frequency signals. The high-frequency radiating element consists of multiple peripheral sub-units 2, used to transmit high-frequency signals. Different frequencies require different heights between the radiating surface and the reflecting ground, resulting in different signal transmission effects. If the height between the first radiating surface 12 and the first reflecting ground 13 is the same as the height between the second radiating surface 22 and the first reflecting ground 13 (e.g., 1 / 4λ), this height is suitable for the low-frequency radiating element, resulting in good signal transmission. However, this height is too high for the high-frequency radiating element, not meeting the requirements of a half-wave dipole, and will affect the signal transmission effect. Therefore, to balance the performance of both the low-frequency and high-frequency radiating elements, the distance between the radiating surface and the reflecting ground of the peripheral sub-units should be appropriately adjusted.

[0037] For example, the height between the first radiating surface 12 and the first reflecting ground 13 is d0, which needs to satisfy: 1 / 8λL ≤ d0 ≤ 1 / 2λL, to ensure the performance of the low-frequency radiating element. For example, in some application scenarios, d0 is often 1 / 4λL. When this height is not suitable for the high-frequency radiating element, the height between the second radiating surface 22 and the second reflecting ground 23 should be appropriately reduced to ensure the performance of the high-frequency radiating element. Therefore, the height of the second reflecting ground 23 can be increased to make it closer to the second radiating surface 22. Correspondingly, the plane where the second reflecting ground is located is between the plane where the first reflecting ground is located and the radiating plane, and the distance between the second reflecting ground 23 and the first reflecting ground 13 is d1, which needs to satisfy: 1 / 16λL ≤ d1 ≤ 1 / 4λL. For example, in some application scenarios, d1 is often 1 / 8λL. Here, λL represents the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the first frequency. Setting the height in this way allows the antenna vibrator to balance the performance of the high-frequency radiating element and the low-frequency radiating element, ensuring the transmission effect of high-frequency and low-frequency signals.

[0038] In some embodiments, see continue to see Figure 1 The low-pass high-impedance filter 3 includes a spiral wire and a short-circuit post connected to the spiral wire; the spiral wire is connected to the peripheral sub-unit 2; the short-circuit post is connected to the central sub-unit 1.

[0039] For example, the low-pass high-impedance filter 3 includes a spiral and a short-circuit post connected to the spiral. The spiral can be understood as a choke inductor. One end of the spiral is connected to the central sub-unit 1 through the short-circuit post, and the other end of the spiral is connected to the peripheral sub-unit 2. This results in a structure where the central sub-unit 1 is connected to the peripheral sub-unit 2 through the low-pass high-impedance filter 3, suppressing the second frequency energy on the central sub-unit 1.

[0040] It should be noted that the structure of the low-pass high-impedance filter provided in this embodiment is only one optional implementation. In other embodiments, the low-pass high-impedance filter may also adopt other structures, and this embodiment does not limit this.

[0041] In some embodiments, see continue to see Figure 1 The distance between the central subunit 1 and the peripheral subunit 2 is d2, and satisfies: λH≤d2≤ λH. Wherein, λH represents the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the second frequency.

[0042] In the antenna element, the peripheral sub-units 2 are arranged around the central sub-unit 1, and there is a certain distance between the central sub-unit 1 and the peripheral sub-units 2 to ensure the working performance of each sub-unit. The distance between the central sub-unit 1 and the peripheral sub-units 2 is d2, and d2 satisfies... λH≤d2≤ λH, for example, in some scenarios, d2 is often... / 2λH. Where λH represents the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the second frequency. For example, this distance d2 refers to the distance between the center of the central subunit 1 and the center of the peripheral subunit 2. Since the subunits are adjacent, the distance d2 is relatively small, satisfying... λH≤d2≤ λH can ensure that each sub-unit can work normally.

[0043] In the embodiments of this disclosure, when calculating the distance between sub-units, the center position of each sub-unit is used as a reference point. In some other scenarios, other positions of the sub-units can also be used as reference points to determine the distance between the central sub-unit and the peripheral sub-units. The embodiments of this disclosure do not limit this, and the above embodiments are only illustrative examples.

[0044] In some embodiments, see continue to see Figure 1 The central subunit 1 has a first equivalent electrical length, and the peripheral subunit 2 has a second equivalent electrical length, satisfying: 0.5L2≤L1≤2L2. Wherein, L1 represents the first equivalent electrical length, and L2 represents the second equivalent electrical length.

[0045] Depend on Figure 1It can be seen that the central sub-unit 1 and the peripheral sub-unit 2 in the antenna element have similar shapes, both composed of two mutually orthogonal polarization states. However, the dimensions of the central sub-unit 1 and the peripheral sub-unit 2 differ, which can be characterized by their equivalent electrical lengths. The central sub-unit 1 in the antenna element has a first equivalent electrical length L1, and the peripheral sub-unit 2 has a second equivalent electrical length L2. Taking the first equivalent electrical length L1 as a reference value, when the second equivalent electrical length L2 is the same as the first equivalent electrical length L1 (L2 = L1), the frequency of the signal transmitted by the high-frequency radiating element is twice the frequency of the signal transmitted by the low-frequency radiating element. For example, if the frequency of the signal transmitted by the low-frequency radiating element is 900MHz, the corresponding frequency of the signal transmitted by the high-frequency radiating element is 1800MHz. If the first equivalent electrical length L1 is still used as a reference value, when the second equivalent electrical length L2 is not the same as the first equivalent electrical length L1, the frequency of the signal transmitted by the high-frequency radiating element will fluctuate around twice the frequency of the signal transmitted by the low-frequency radiating element. For example, when the ratio of the first equivalent electrical length L1 to the second equivalent electrical length L2 is 1:0.9, the frequency of the signal transmitted by the low-frequency radiating element is 900MHz, and correspondingly, the frequency of the signal transmitted by the high-frequency radiating element is 1900MHz. Therefore, by changing the ratio of the equivalent electrical lengths L1 and L2, the frequency range of the signals transmitted by the high- and low-frequency radiating elements can be adjusted. Considering the actual performance of the antenna element and the actual frequency ranges corresponding to the high- and low-frequency radiating elements, the first equivalent electrical length L1 and the second equivalent electrical length L2 should satisfy: 0.5L2≤L1≤2L2, to balance the performance of the high-frequency and low-frequency radiating elements of the antenna element and ensure the transmission effect of high-frequency and low-frequency signals.

[0046] It should be noted that the specific dimensions of the central subunit and the peripheral subunit can be set according to actual needs. This disclosure does not limit this, and the above embodiments are only illustrative examples.

[0047] In some embodiments, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a peripheral subunit provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. See also... Figure 3 The power supply balun 24 of the peripheral sub-unit adopts a coupled power supply method.

[0048] The peripheral subunit includes an oscillator arm 21 and a feed balun 24 (i.e., a balun). The feed balun 24 transmits the received feed signal to the oscillator arm 21 of the peripheral subunit, from which it is transmitted to the radiating surface. In this embodiment, the feed balun 24 receives the feed signal using a coupled feeding method, and the feed core of the feed balun 24 is not directly connected to the oscillator arm 21 of the peripheral subunit to reduce crosstalk between high and low frequency signals. Using a non-contact coupled feeding method can reduce crosstalk between high and low frequency signals.

[0049] In some embodiments, see continue to see Figure 3 The second radiating surface 22 of the outer subunit 2 adopts a coupled power feeding method.

[0050] The peripheral subunit includes a second radiating surface 22. When the second radiating surface 22 receives the feed signal, it also adopts a coupled feeding method, that is, it transmits the feed signal in a non-contact manner. For example, the peripheral subunit 2 also includes a feed balun 24 and a vibrating arm 21 of the peripheral subunit. After the feed balun 24 receives the feed signal, it transmits it to the second radiating surface 22 through the vibrating arm 21 of the peripheral subunit. Here, both the second radiating surface 22 and the vibrating arm 21 of the peripheral subunit use a feeding method to transmit the feed signal, so as to reduce crosstalk between high and low frequency signals. The non-contact coupled feeding method can reduce crosstalk between high and low frequency signals.

[0051] In some optional implementations, the power supply method at each location of the central subunit can be the same as that at each location of the peripheral subunit, for example, a coupled power supply method can also be used. Other power supply methods can also be used, such as direct feeding, which is directly connected to the feeder line for power supply. This disclosure does not limit the implementation of these methods; the appropriate method can be selected according to actual needs.

[0052] In some embodiments, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a central subunit provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. See also: Figure 4 The central subunit 1 includes a first radiating arm 111 distributed within the first radiating surface 12. The first radiating arm 111 has a filter stub 14, which is used to suppress second frequency energy.

[0053] Central subunit 1 is a low-frequency radiating subunit used to form a low-frequency radiating unit. Therefore, central subunit 1 is used to transmit first frequency energy and should be able to suppress second frequency energy, wherein the first frequency energy is less than the second frequency energy. That is, it allows the transmitted signal to pass when it is a low-frequency signal and suppresses it when it is a high-frequency signal. Thus, the central subunit 1 provided in this embodiment includes a first radiating arm 111 distributed within the first radiating surface 12. The first radiating arm 111 is part of the oscillator arm 11 of the central subunit, and a filter stub 14 is provided on the first radiating arm 111. When the frequency of the transmitted signal belongs to the first frequency, for example, a low-frequency signal, the filter stub 14 is in a conducting state, allowing the transmitted signal to pass. When the frequency of the transmitted signal belongs to the second frequency, for example, a high-frequency signal, the filter stub 14 blocks the transmitted signal from passing, thereby achieving the purpose of suppressing the second frequency energy. The filter stub 14 operates in the same frequency band as the low-pass high-impedance filter 3. It is also used to pass the first frequency energy and suppress the second frequency energy. The first frequency is lower than the second frequency. Adding the filter stub 14 can further filter out the second frequency energy on the central subunit 1, that is, filter out high-frequency signals.

[0054] In some embodiments, with continued reference to Figure 4 , the filter stub 14 comprises a continuously bent microstrip line. The filter stub 14 disposed on the first radiation arm 111 on the central sub-unit 1 comprises a continuously bent microstrip line. A microstrip line is a microwave transmission line formed by a single conductor strip supported on a dielectric substrate. Under the condition that the dielectric substrates are the same, the wider the conductor strip is, the smaller the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line will be; the narrower the conductor strip is, the larger the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line will be. Therefore, the microstrip line can filter transmission signals in a certain frequency band. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the microstrip line can output energy of a first frequency and suppress energy of a second frequency, that is, allow low-frequency signals to pass through and block high-frequency signals from passing through. For example, Figure 4 , the microstrip line at the filter stub 14 is distributed in a centrosymmetric "Ω"-shaped configuration. By adopting this structure, the space occupied by the microstrip line can be reduced, and the length of the arranged microstrip line is increased, so as to achieve a better filtering effect.

[0055] In some other embodiments, the microstrip line included in the filter stub can also be arranged in other shapes, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit the specific structure and material of the filter stub, and other structures capable of filtering can also be used as the filter stub, and the above embodiments are only for illustrative purposes.

[0056] In some embodiments, Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first frequency radiating element provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, on the basis of Figure 1 , in combination with Figure 5 , the peripheral sub-unit 2 comprises second radiating arms 211 distributed in the second radiating surface 22. The first radiating arms 111, the second radiating arms 211 and the low-pass high-impedance filters 3 are in one-to-one corresponding electrical connection.

[0057] Wherein, the central sub-unit 1, the low-pass high-impedance filter 3 connected to the central sub-unit 1, and the second radiating arm 211 connected to the low-pass high-impedance filter 3 form a first frequency radiating element; the peripheral sub-unit 2 forms a second frequency radiating element.

[0058] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the antenna radiator comprises a first frequency radiating element and a second frequency radiating element, the first frequency radiating element of the antenna radiator can transmit energy of a first frequency, and the second frequency radiating element of the antenna radiator can transmit energy of a second frequency.

[0059] For example, the antenna element includes a central sub-unit 1 and four peripheral sub-units 2. The peripheral sub-units 2 include second radiating arms 211 distributed within the second radiating surface 22, and the second radiating arms 211 are part of the element arms 21 of the peripheral sub-units. The central sub-unit 1 includes a first radiating arm 111 distributed within the first radiating surface 12. The first radiating arm 111, the second radiating arm 211, and the low-pass high-impedance filter 3 are electrically connected in a one-to-one correspondence. For example, the first radiating arm 111 is connected to its corresponding second radiating arm 211 through the low-pass high-impedance filter 3.

[0060] See Figure 5 The first frequency radiation unit includes a central subunit 1 and four second radiation arms 211, each connected to a first radiation arm 111 of the central subunit 1. When the frequency of the transmission signal fed into the central subunit 1 is the first frequency, the low-pass high-impedance filter 3 allows the first frequency energy to pass through, thereby making the first radiation arm 111 and the second radiation arm 211 connected at both ends of the low-pass high-impedance filter 3 conductive, forming a radiation surface, effectively radiating the first frequency energy outward. Here, the first frequency energy refers to the low-frequency signal.

[0061] See Figure 1 The second frequency radiating unit includes four peripheral sub-units 2. Therefore, the second frequency radiating unit and the first frequency radiating unit will reuse the same second radiating arm 211 to form the second frequency radiating unit. When the frequency of the transmission signal fed into the peripheral sub-unit 2 is the second frequency, the low-pass high-impedance filter 3 will play a significant suppression role, suppressing the passage of the second frequency energy and limiting the transmission signal to the outer radiating arm, that is, limiting the transmission signal to the oscillator arm 21 of each peripheral sub-unit 2. The second radiating unit will radiate the second frequency energy outward. Here, the second frequency energy refers to the high-frequency signal.

[0062] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a conventional antenna vibrator provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 6 As is known in existing technologies, the central subunit is connected to the peripheral subunits via additional vibrating arms. However, in this embodiment, by reusing the second radiating arm connected to the low-pass, high-impedance filter on the peripheral subunit, both a first-frequency radiating element and a second-frequency radiating element can be formed, satisfying the dual-frequency operation requirements of the antenna vibrator. This also reduces the number of vibrating arms, effectively improving the efficiency of the radiating surface layout. Reducing the number of vibrating arms provides sufficient space to place the radiating surfaces of the central subunit and the peripheral subunits within the same radiating surface, preventing the second-frequency radiating element from blocking the first-frequency radiating element and thus better reducing mutual coupling between the radiating surfaces.

[0063] This disclosure also provides a base station antenna, including the antenna element as described in any of the above embodiments. Since this invention includes the antenna element described in the above embodiments, it has the same or similar beneficial effects. It should be noted that the base station antenna provided in this embodiment may also include other circuits, devices, or systems to support its normal operation; this embodiment does not limit this.

[0064] In some embodiments, Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a base station antenna provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. See also... Figure 7 The antenna elements are arranged in a linear array along a preset direction.

[0065] For example, Figure 7 The system provides three antenna elements, for example, with the preset direction being the Y direction. These antenna elements are arranged in a linear array along the preset direction, enabling a single column of low-frequency 3-element arrays. Here, "a column" refers to the column containing B1, and "low-frequency 3-element" refers to three first-frequency radiating elements 10, located in rows D1-D3. Each first-frequency radiating element 10 includes a central sub-element in column B1 and reusable second radiating arms in columns A1 and A2. This forms three first-frequency radiating elements 10 located in the same column, used to transmit first-frequency energy. Simultaneously, two columns of high-frequency 6-element arrays can also be implemented. Here, "two columns" refers to columns A1 and A2, with peripheral sub-elements located in these two columns. "High-frequency 6-element" refers to six peripheral sub-elements in each column direction, located in rows C1-C6, forming second-frequency radiating elements used to transmit second-frequency energy. Each peripheral sub-unit is set on the second reflective ground 23. The second reflective ground 23 needs to be raised, that is, the distance from the second radiating surface needs to be reduced, in order to improve the radiation efficiency of the second radiating frequency unit.

[0066] In some embodiments, see continue to see Figure 7 Along the preset direction, the distance between adjacent antenna elements is equal.

[0067] Figure 7 The three antenna elements provided are arranged in a uniform linear array, with equal distances between adjacent antenna elements, which can refer to the equal distance between the centers of adjacent elements. For example, Figure 7The centers of the three antenna elements are their respective central sub-units. The central sub-unit located in row D1 is the center of the first first-frequency radiating element 10, the central sub-unit located in row D2 is the center of the second first-frequency radiating element 10, and the central sub-unit located in row D3 is the center of the third first-frequency radiating element 10. The distance between adjacent antenna elements can be understood as the distance between the centers of the central sub-units in row D1 and row D2, and the distance between the centers of the central sub-units in row D2 and row D3. When these two distances are equal, the distance between adjacent antenna elements is equal, thus achieving full horizontal coverage of the antenna.

[0068] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this disclosure, when calculating the distance between adjacent antenna elements, the center position of each adjacent central sub-unit is used as the reference point. In some other scenarios, other positions of the central sub-unit or other positions of the antenna elements can also be used as reference points. The embodiments of this disclosure do not limit this, and the above embodiments are only illustrative examples.

[0069] In some embodiments, the distance between adjacent antenna elements along a preset direction is d3, and satisfies: 0.5λL≤d3≤λL. Here, λL represents the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the first frequency.

[0070] Based on the above base station antenna structure, the distance d3 between adjacent antennas should satisfy 0.5λL≤d3≤λL. This balances the multi-frequency performance of the base station antenna and enables a compact layout of the multi-frequency antennas, reducing space occupation and meeting the miniaturization design requirements of the base station antenna. The operating frequency band of the base station antenna includes a first frequency and a second frequency, with the first frequency being lower than the second frequency. For example, the first frequency (low frequency) can be 690MHz~960MHz, and the second frequency (high frequency) can be 1710MHz~2690MHz.

[0071] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram comparing the high-frequency radiation pattern of the antenna array provided in this embodiment with that of antenna arrays in related technologies; see also Figure 8 The horizontal axis represents the azimuth angle, with the example angle in the figure being -170° to 171°. The vertical axis represents the gain of the structure at different angles within this area; where L11 can represent... Figure 6 The high-frequency directional variation corresponding to the conventional structure in the related technology shown can be represented by L12. Figure 1 The embodiments of this disclosure provide a high-frequency directional change corresponding to the structure. The antenna element layout provided in these embodiments can effectively reduce high-frequency waveform distortion and obtain a better array radiation pattern. Figure 9This is a schematic diagram comparing the low-frequency radiation pattern of the antenna array provided in this embodiment with that of antenna arrays in related technologies; see also Figure 9 The horizontal axis represents the azimuth angle, with the example angle in the figure being -170° to 171°. The vertical axis represents the gain of the structure at different angles within this area; where L21 can represent... Figure 6 The low-frequency directional variation corresponding to the conventional structure shown can be represented by L22. Figure 1 The embodiments shown in this disclosure provide a low-frequency directional change corresponding to the structure. Using the antenna element layout provided in these embodiments helps to improve low-frequency gain and obtain a better array radiation pattern. Therefore, the base station antenna obtained based on the antenna element provided in these embodiments can also effectively reduce high-frequency waveform distortion, improve low-frequency gain, and obtain a better array radiation pattern.

[0072] Based on the antenna vibrator provided in the embodiments of this disclosure, the size of the multi-frequency fusion antenna can be effectively reduced, further improving the integration level of the base station antenna; it avoids the staggered layout of high and low frequency radiating units in conventional designs, and solves the mutual interference of high and low frequency signals in vertical space; by integrating the high and low frequency radiating units into one unit, it can be used modularly, effectively improving the efficiency of array design; and by adopting an independent power supply design for high and low frequency units, it ensures the transmission of multi-channel signals.

[0073] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0074] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this disclosure, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement it. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not to be limited to the embodiments described herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An antenna vibrator, characterized in that, include: A central subunit; Multiple peripheral sub-units are arranged around the central sub-unit; A low-pass, high-impedance filter is connected between the oscillator arm of the central subunit and the oscillator arm of the peripheral subunit for transmitting first frequency energy and suppressing second frequency energy, wherein the first frequency is less than the second frequency. The central subunit includes a first radiating surface and a first reflecting ground, and the peripheral subunit includes a second radiating surface and a second reflecting ground; the first radiating surface and the second radiating surface are in the same radiating plane, and the first reflecting ground and the second reflecting ground are offset from each other.

2. The antenna vibrator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height between the first radiating surface and the first reflecting ground is d0, and satisfies: 1 / 8λL≤d0≤1 / 2λL; The plane containing the second reflecting ground is located between the plane containing the first reflecting ground and the radiation plane, and the distance between the second reflecting ground and the first reflecting ground is d1, which satisfies: 1 / 16λL≤d1≤1 / 4λL; Wherein, λL represents the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the first frequency.

3. The antenna vibrator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The low-pass high-impedance filter includes a spiral and a short-circuit post connected to the spiral. The spiral line is connected to the peripheral subunit; The short-circuit post is connected to the central sub-unit.

4. The antenna vibrator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the central subunit and the peripheral subunit is d2, and satisfies: √2 / 4λH≤d2≤√2λH; Wherein, λH represents the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the second frequency.

5. The antenna vibrator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central subunit has a first equivalent electrical length, and the peripheral subunit has a second equivalent electrical length, and satisfies: 0.5L2≤L1≤2L2; Where L1 represents the first equivalent electrical length and L2 represents the second equivalent electrical length.

6. The antenna vibrator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The balun of the peripheral subunit is fed by a coupled power supply.

7. The antenna vibrator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second radiating surface of the peripheral subunit is fed by a coupled power supply.

8. The antenna vibrator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central subunit includes a first radiating arm distributed within the first radiating surface; The first radiating arm has a filter stub, which is used to suppress the second frequency energy.

9. The antenna vibrator according to claim 8, characterized in that, The filter stubs consist of continuously bent microstrip lines.

10. The antenna vibrator according to claim 8, characterized in that, The peripheral subunit includes a second radiating arm distributed within the second radiating surface; The first radiating arm, the second radiating arm, and the low-pass high-impedance filter are electrically connected in a one-to-one correspondence. The central subunit, the low-pass high-impedance filter connected to the central subunit, and the second radiating arm connected to the low-pass high-impedance filter constitute a first frequency radiating unit; the peripheral subunit forms a second frequency radiating unit.

11. A base station antenna, characterized in that, Includes the antenna vibrator as described in any one of claims 1-10.

12. The base station antenna according to claim 11, characterized in that, The antenna elements are arranged in a linear array along a preset direction.

13. The base station antenna according to claim 12, characterized in that, Along the preset direction, the distance between adjacent antenna elements is equal.

14. The base station antenna according to claim 12, characterized in that, Along the preset direction, the distance between adjacent antenna elements is d3, and satisfies: 0.5λL≤d3≤λL; Wherein, λL represents the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the first frequency.

Images