Superconducting magnetic energy storage automatic bypass discharge protection device and control method

Abstract

The application discloses a superconducting magnetic energy storage automatic bypass energy release protection device and a control method, relates to the technical field of superconducting magnetic energy storage, and does not depend on external control protection logic. Four through-flow branch modules are mutually matched, automatic fault triggering protection is realized, the speed of overvoltage caused by faults can be limited, the bypass speed is faster, energy can be transferred to the superconducting magnetic energy storage automatic bypass energy release protection circuit as soon as possible, and the damage of faults such as overvoltage and overcurrent to the superconducting magnetic energy storage body can be prevented to the maximum extent. Meanwhile, a hardware triggering protection logic module is adopted, and quick protection action can be realized at the moment of faults. The application does not depend on external control protection logic and realizes automatic triggering protection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of superconducting magnetic energy storage technology, and in particular to a superconducting magnetic energy storage automatic bypass energy release protection device and control method. Background Technology

[0002] Superconducting magnetic energy storage refers to an inductive energy storage technology. A superconducting magnetic energy storage system (SMES) in a power system consists of a superconducting magnet, a cryogenic system, a converter, a condition monitoring and control system, and a protection system. In a power system, it needs to be in standby mode at all times to respond to dynamic changes in the power system in real time. The superconducting magnet is generally connected to the power system through a power electronic converter, and the converter implements real-time control of the superconducting magnet.

[0003] In a superconducting magnetic energy storage system (SMES), the converter and bypass switch provide freewheeling current for the superconducting coil. If the converter experiences a sudden failure, the superconducting coil's inductor freewheeling path will be interrupted, causing a sudden change in the superconducting coil current within the superconducting magnet. This will result in a very high overvoltage and potentially severe damage. Therefore, to handle sudden failures, a bypass must be applied within a very short time to protect the superconducting energy storage coil, preventing quench failure due to current interruption. Overheating must also be prevented; in the event of quench failure, the current in the superconducting magnet must be transferred to an external source to dissipate the heat and prevent Joule heat from being released onto the superconducting wire. Therefore, in the event of an abnormal fault, the converter should be deactivated, the bypass switch closed, and energy should be freewheeled or released through the bypass switch.

[0004] Currently, existing bypass energy release circuits typically use bypass switches to continue current or release energy. However, bypass switches often cannot quickly diagnose faults or close quickly. Converter faults and superconducting magnetic energy storage faults are sporadic or sudden, which cannot meet the requirement of timely bypassing and energy release under different circumstances. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides an automatic bypass energy release protection device and control method for superconducting magnetic energy storage, which solves the technical problem that existing bypass switches often cannot quickly diagnose faults and close quickly. Converter faults and superconducting magnetic energy storage faults are intermittent or sudden, and cannot meet the requirement of timely bypass and energy release under different conditions.

[0006] The first aspect of the present invention provides an automatic bypass energy release protection device for superconducting magnetic energy storage, wherein the bypass energy release protection device is installed between a converter and a superconducting magnet;

[0007] The bypass energy release protection device includes a first fast-acting switch, a first current-carrying branch module, a second current-carrying branch module, a third current-carrying branch module, a fourth current-carrying branch module, and a hardware-triggered protection logic module.

[0008] The hardware trigger protection logic module includes a current divider, a voltage divider circuit, a hardware comparator trigger unit, and a hardware trigger logic OR submodule.

[0009] One end of the first fast-acting switch is connected to the converter;

[0010] The first end of the first current-passing branch module is connected to the other end of the first fast-acting switch and the first end of the voltage divider circuit hardware comparator trigger unit, respectively.

[0011] The second end of the first current-passing branch module is connected to the first end of the current shunt, the second end of the trigger unit of the voltage divider circuit hardware comparator, and the converter, respectively.

[0012] The third end of the splitter is connected to the second flow branch module;

[0013] The first flow branch module, the second flow branch module, the third flow branch module, and the fourth flow branch module are connected in parallel;

[0014] The third flow branch module is connected to the output of the hardware trigger logic or submodule;

[0015] The fourth current-passing branch module is connected to the superconducting magnet.

[0016] Optionally, the first current-carrying branch module includes a power diode and a current-carrying capacitor;

[0017] The first end of the power diode is connected to the other end of the first fast-acting switch and the first end of the voltage divider circuit hardware comparator trigger unit, respectively.

[0018] The second terminal of the power diode is connected to the first terminal of the current-carrying capacitor;

[0019] The second end of the current-carrying capacitor is connected to the first end of the shunt, the second end of the trigger unit of the voltage divider circuit hardware comparator, and the converter.

[0020] Optionally, the second current-carrying branch module includes a surge arrester;

[0021] The first terminal of the surge arrester is connected to the first terminal of the power diode;

[0022] The second end of the surge arrester is connected to the third end of the shunt.

[0023] Optionally, the third current-carrying branch module includes a bidirectional thyristor, a freewheeling resistor, an energy-releasing resistor, and a third fast switch;

[0024] The first end of the bidirectional thyristor is connected to the first end of the surge arrester;

[0025] The second end of the bidirectional thyristor is connected to the first end of the freewheeling resistor;

[0026] The third terminal of the bidirectional thyristor is connected to the output terminal of the hardware trigger logic or submodule;

[0027] The second end of the freewheeling resistor is connected to the first end of the energy-releasing resistor and the first end of the third fast switch, respectively.

[0028] The energy-releasing resistor is connected in parallel with the third fast switch;

[0029] The second end of the energy-releasing resistor is connected to the second end of the surge arrester.

[0030] Optionally, the fourth current-pass branch module includes a second fast switch;

[0031] The first terminal of the second fast switch is connected to the first terminal of the bidirectional thyristor;

[0032] The second terminal of the second fast switch is connected to the second terminal of the energy-releasing resistor;

[0033] The second fast switch is connected in parallel with the superconducting magnet.

[0034] Optionally, the hardware trigger protection logic module further includes an overcurrent hardware comparator trigger unit, a current differential hardware comparator trigger unit, a current high-pass filter harmonic trigger unit, and an external trigger unit;

[0035] The first terminal of the overcurrent hardware comparator trigger unit is connected to the second terminal of the shunt.

[0036] The second terminal of the overcurrent hardware comparator trigger unit is connected to the input terminal of the hardware trigger logic OR submodule;

[0037] The first terminal of the current differential hardware comparator trigger unit is connected to the second terminal of the shunt.

[0038] The second terminal of the current differential hardware comparator trigger unit is connected to the input terminal of the hardware trigger logic OR submodule;

[0039] The first end of the harmonic triggering unit of the current high-pass filter is connected to the second end of the shunt.

[0040] The second terminal of the current high-pass filter harmonic triggering unit is connected to the input terminal of the hardware triggering logic OR submodule;

[0041] The overcurrent hardware comparator triggering unit, the current differential hardware comparator triggering unit, and the current high-pass filter harmonic triggering unit are connected in parallel.

[0042] The third terminal of the voltage divider circuit hardware comparator trigger unit is connected to the input terminal of the hardware trigger logic OR submodule.

[0043] The external triggering unit is connected to the input terminal of the hardware triggering logic or submodule;

[0044] The external triggering unit is used to perform a conduction action on the third current branch module in response to receiving an external trigger conduction signal.

[0045] Optionally, the overcurrent hardware comparator triggering unit includes an overcurrent hardware comparison circuit subunit;

[0046] The first terminal of the current overcurrent hardware comparison circuit subunit is connected to the second terminal of the shunt.

[0047] The second terminal of the current overcurrent hardware comparison circuit subunit is connected to the input terminal of the hardware trigger logic OR submodule;

[0048] The current differential hardware comparator trigger unit includes a differential operation circuit feedback resistor, a differential capacitor, a differential operation circuit subunit, and a current differential hardware comparator circuit subunit.

[0049] The first terminal of the differential capacitor is connected to the second terminal of the shunt.

[0050] The second terminal of the differential capacitor is connected to the first terminal of the feedback resistor of the differential operation circuit and the first terminal of the differential operation circuit subunit, respectively.

[0051] The feedback resistor of the differential operation circuit is connected in parallel with the sub-unit of the differential operation circuit;

[0052] The second terminal of the differential operation circuit subunit is grounded;

[0053] The second terminal of the feedback resistor of the differential operation circuit and the third terminal of the differential operation circuit sub-unit are both connected to the first terminal of the current differential hardware comparison circuit sub-unit.

[0054] The second terminal of the current differential hardware comparison circuit subunit is connected to the input terminal of the hardware trigger logic OR submodule.

[0055] Optionally, the current high-pass filter harmonic triggering unit includes a first second-order high-pass filter capacitor, a second second-order high-pass filter capacitor, a first second-order high-pass filter resistor, a second second-order high-pass filter resistor, a high-pass filter operation circuit subunit, a first second-order high-pass filter adapter resistor, a second second-order high-pass filter adapter resistor, and a current high-pass filter hardware comparison circuit subunit.

[0056] The first terminal of the first second-order high-pass filter capacitor is connected to the second terminal of the shunt.

[0057] The second terminal of the first second-order high-pass filter capacitor is connected to the first terminal of the second second-order high-pass filter capacitor and the first terminal of the second second-order high-pass filter resistor, respectively.

[0058] The second terminal of the second second-order high-pass filter resistor is connected to the first terminal of the current high-pass filter hardware comparison circuit subunit, the third terminal of the high-pass filter operation circuit subunit, and the first terminal of the first second-order high-pass filter adapter resistor, respectively.

[0059] The second terminal of the second second-order high-pass filter capacitor is connected to the first terminal of the high-pass filter operation circuit subunit and the first terminal of the first second-order high-pass filter resistor, respectively.

[0060] The second terminal of the first second-order high-pass filter resistor is grounded;

[0061] The third terminal of the high-pass filter operation circuit subunit is connected to the first terminal of the first second-order high-pass filter adapter resistor and the first terminal of the current high-pass filter hardware comparison circuit subunit, respectively.

[0062] The second end of the first second-order high-pass filter adapter resistor is connected to the second end of the high-pass filter operation circuit subunit and the first end of the second second-order high-pass filter adapter resistor, respectively.

[0063] The second terminal of the second-order high-pass filter adapter resistor is grounded.

[0064] The first terminal of the first second-order high-pass filter adapter resistor is connected to the first terminal of the current high-pass filter hardware comparison circuit subunit.

[0065] The second terminal of the current high-pass filter hardware comparison circuit subunit is connected to the input terminal of the hardware trigger logic OR submodule.

[0066] Optionally, the voltage divider circuit hardware comparator trigger unit includes a resistor-capacitor voltage divider circuit subunit and a voltage hardware comparator circuit subunit;

[0067] The first terminal of the resistor-capacitor voltage divider circuit subunit is connected to the first terminal of the first current-passing branch module;

[0068] The second terminal of the resistor-capacitor voltage divider circuit subunit is connected to the second terminal of the first current-passing branch module;

[0069] The third terminal of the resistor-capacitor voltage divider circuit subunit is connected to the first terminal of the voltage hardware comparison circuit subunit;

[0070] The second terminal of the voltage hardware comparison circuit subunit is connected to the input terminal of the hardware trigger logic OR submodule;

[0071] The resistor-capacitor voltage divider circuit subunit includes multiple sets of resistor-capacitor voltage divider circuit components;

[0072] Multiple sets of the aforementioned resistor-capacitor voltage divider circuit components are connected in series;

[0073] The resistor-capacitor voltage divider circuit assembly includes a voltage divider resistor and a voltage divider capacitor;

[0074] The voltage divider resistor is connected in parallel with the voltage divider capacitor.

[0075] A second aspect of the present invention provides a control method for the aforementioned superconducting magnetic energy storage automatic bypass energy release protection device, comprising:

[0076] In response to the received overvoltage and overcurrent abnormal signals, the first current-carrying branch module is controlled to perform a conduction action to construct a discharge branch;

[0077] The hardware trigger protection logic module is triggered by the second current branch module to perform a conduction action on the third current branch module and construct a continuous current branch;

[0078] Real-time detection of conduction voltage;

[0079] Based on the preset energy release condition, the third current-carrying branch module is controlled to perform a conduction action to construct the energy release branch; whereby the preset energy release condition refers to keeping the conduction voltage less than or equal to a preset voltage threshold.

[0080] When the rate of rise of the conduction voltage is greater than or equal to the preset rate of rise threshold, the second current-carrying branch module is controlled to conduct due to overvoltage.

[0081] Disconnect the first fast-acting switch and control the fourth current-passing branch module to perform a conduction action to bypass.

[0082] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0083] This invention provides an automatic bypass energy release protection device for superconducting magnetic energy storage, which is installed between a converter and a superconducting magnet. The bypass energy release protection device includes a first fast-acting switch, a first current-carrying branch module, a second current-carrying branch module, a third current-carrying branch module, a fourth current-carrying branch module, and a hardware trigger protection logic module. The hardware trigger protection logic module includes a shunt, a voltage divider circuit hardware comparator trigger unit, and a hardware trigger logic OR submodule. One end of the first fast-acting switch is connected to the converter. The first end of the first current-carrying branch module is connected to the other end of the first fast-acting switch and the first end of the voltage divider circuit hardware comparator trigger unit. The second end of the first current-carrying branch module is connected to the first end of the shunt, the second end of the voltage divider circuit hardware comparator trigger unit, and the converter. The third end of the shunt is connected to the second current-carrying branch module. The circuit consists of four interconnected current-carrying branches: the first, second, third, and fourth current-carrying branches; the third current-carrying branch is connected to the output of the hardware triggering logic or submodule; and the fourth current-carrying branch is connected to the superconducting magnet. This design addresses the technical challenge of existing bypass switches, which often fail to quickly diagnose faults and maintain closing speeds. Since converter and superconducting magnetic energy storage faults are sporadic or sudden, they cannot meet the requirement for timely bypassing and energy release under various conditions. The design achieves automatic fault triggering protection without relying on external control and protection logic, with the four current-carrying branches cooperating to limit the overvoltage rate of faults. The bypass speed is faster, quickly transferring energy to the superconducting magnetic energy storage automatic bypass energy release protection circuit, thus minimizing damage to the superconducting magnetic energy storage body caused by faults such as overvoltage and overcurrent. Attached Figure Description

[0084] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0085] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of the superconducting magnetic energy storage automatic bypass energy release protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0086] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram showing the connection between the current-carrying branch module and the superconducting magnetic energy storage automatic bypass energy release protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0087] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a control method for an automatic bypass energy release protection device for superconducting magnetic energy storage according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0088] Figure 4This is an operational logic diagram of a control method for an automatic bypass energy release protection device for superconducting magnetic energy storage, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0089] The meanings of the reference numerals in the attached figures are as follows:

[0090] 1. First fast-acting switch; 2. Power diode; 3. Current-carrying capacitor; 4. Surge arrester; 5. Bidirectional thyristor; 6. Freewheeling resistor; 7. Energy release resistor; 8. Third fast-acting switch; 9. Second fast-acting switch; 10. Shunt; 11. Current overcurrent hardware comparison circuit subunit; 12. Differentiation operation circuit feedback resistor; 13. Differentiating capacitor; 14. Differentiation operation circuit subunit; 15. Current differentiation hardware comparison circuit subunit; 16. First second-order high-pass filter capacitor; 7. Second-order high-pass filter capacitor; 18. First-order high-pass filter resistor; 19. Second-order high-pass filter resistor; 20. High-pass filter operation circuit subunit; 21. First-order high-pass filter adapter resistor; 22. Second-order high-pass filter adapter resistor; 23. Current high-pass filter hardware comparison circuit subunit; 24. Voltage hardware comparison circuit subunit; 25. Voltage divider resistor; 26. Voltage divider capacitor; 27. Hardware trigger logic OR submodule; 28. External trigger unit. Detailed Implementation

[0091] This invention provides an automatic bypass energy release protection device and control method for superconducting magnetic energy storage, which solves the technical problem that existing bypass switches often cannot quickly diagnose faults and close quickly. Converter faults and superconducting magnetic energy storage faults are intermittent or sudden, and cannot meet the requirement of timely bypass and energy release under different conditions.

[0092] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0093] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention provides an automatic bypass energy release protection device for superconducting magnetic energy storage, wherein the bypass energy release protection device is installed between the converter and the superconducting magnet;

[0094] The bypass energy release protection device includes a first fast-acting switch 1, a first current-carrying branch module, a second current-carrying branch module, a third current-carrying branch module, a fourth current-carrying branch module, and a hardware-triggered protection logic module;

[0095] The hardware trigger protection logic module includes a current divider 10, a voltage divider circuit, a hardware comparator trigger unit, and a hardware trigger logic OR submodule 27;

[0096] One end of the first fast-acting switch 1 is connected to the converter;

[0097] The first end of the first current-passing branch module is connected to the other end of the first fast-acting switch 1 and the first end of the voltage divider circuit hardware comparator trigger unit, respectively.

[0098] The second end of the first current-passing branch module is connected to the first end of the current shunt 10, the second end of the voltage divider circuit hardware comparator trigger unit, and the converter, respectively.

[0099] The third end of the shunt 10 is connected to the second flow branch module;

[0100] The first flow branch module, the second flow branch module, the third flow branch module, and the fourth flow branch module are connected in parallel;

[0101] The third flow branch module is connected to the output of the hardware trigger logic or submodule 27;

[0102] The fourth current-pass branch module is connected to the superconducting magnet.

[0103] It should be noted that the superconducting magnet is the core component of the SMES (Signal-Enhanced Microwave Oxide System), and can be a single-solenoid, multi-solenoid, or toroidal magnet. Solenoid magnets have a simpler structure but a larger stray magnetic field, while toroidal magnets have the opposite. In its energy storage state, the superconducting magnet carries direct current. To achieve the exchange of active and reactive power between the superconducting magnet and the power grid, a bidirectional converter is needed for AC-DC conversion and control. There are two converter topologies: voltage-source (VSC) and current-source (CSC). Through converter control, the SMES can achieve independent four-quadrant control of active and reactive power.

[0104] In this embodiment of the invention, the first current-carrying branch module is the first current-carrying branch, which mainly absorbs energy through a capacitor to limit the rate of overvoltage rise during a fault. The slower overvoltage rise rate allows sufficient time for subsequent branches to take protective action. The second current-carrying branch module is the second current-carrying branch, which mainly uses a surge arrester 4 to limit overvoltage. The third current-carrying branch module is the third current-carrying branch, which uses a thyristor bypass switch and is designed with hardware protection to automatically trigger the thyristor bypass switch, providing rapid protection. The fourth current-carrying branch module is the fourth current-carrying branch, which mainly uses a fast-acting switch for bypassing. The branches work together to quickly and timely protect the superconducting magnetic energy storage system from overvoltage and overcurrent under various conditions, ensuring the safety of the superconducting magnetic energy storage system and preventing damage in the event of a fault or abnormal situation.

[0105] A bypass energy release protection device is installed between the converter and the superconducting magnet. The first current-passing branch module, the second current-passing branch module, the third current-passing branch module, and the fourth current-passing branch module are connected in parallel within the bypass energy release protection device. The converter and the hardware trigger protection logic module are connected to the first side of the first current-passing branch module through the first fast-acting switch 1. The converter and the hardware trigger protection logic module are directly connected to the second side of the first current-passing branch module. The second current-passing branch module is connected to the second current-passing branch module through the shunt 10. The hardware trigger protection logic module is connected between the first current-passing branch module and the second current-passing branch module through the shunt 10. The two sides of the fourth current-passing branch module are directly connected to the superconducting magnet in the superconducting magnetic energy storage system SMES.

[0106] It is worth mentioning that, compared with existing protection circuits, the present invention addresses the issue of how existing protection circuits rely on processors and action switches. In practical applications, the current protection circuit field has processors with an action speed of more than 1ms and switch action speeds of more than 10ms. The processing speed of the processor and the performance of the action switch can determine the action speed of the protection circuit, thereby affecting the protection effect.

[0107] The bypass energy release protection device of this invention is independent of the superconducting magnetic energy storage system (SMES) and located externally. Its purpose is to achieve low overvoltage, fast response, and timely absorption of superconducting magnetic energy storage energy during faults, thus protecting the superconducting magnetic energy storage body, through the coordination of four current-carrying branches. The design parameters set in this invention can reduce the design specifications of the superconducting magnetic energy storage, thereby reducing its production cost. The fast-acting protection mainly relies on the first and third current-carrying branch modules (the third current-carrying branch module achieves operation within 1ms). The second current-carrying branch module mainly uses the surge arrester 4 as a backup, while the fourth current-carrying branch module has a slow switching speed, typically taking about 10ms to complete its action.

[0108] For example, by using the first current-carrying branch and relying on the capacitor to absorb overvoltage energy, the overvoltage rise rate can be reduced to <1kV / ms, thus preventing a severe overall overvoltage accident. The third current-carrying branch requires time to operate. Assuming a rated operating voltage of 10kV, an overvoltage action value of 12kV, and an action time of 1ms, the action time limits the overvoltage to <13kV.

[0109] Therefore, it can be seen that the present invention has made detailed designs for the first, second, third and fourth branches, which do not depend on the processor and switch execution speed, and can achieve <1ms fast execution, thereby ensuring the execution effect.

[0110] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2The present invention provides an automatic bypass energy release protection device for superconducting magnetic energy storage, wherein the first current-carrying branch module includes a power diode 2 and a current-carrying capacitor 3;

[0111] The first end of the power diode 2 is connected to the other end of the first fast-acting switch 1 and the first end of the trigger unit of the voltage divider circuit hardware comparator.

[0112] The second terminal of power diode 2 is connected to the first terminal of current-carrying capacitor 3;

[0113] The second end of the current-carrying capacitor 3 is connected to the first end of the shunt 10, the second end of the voltage divider circuit hardware comparator trigger unit, and the converter.

[0114] exist Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the diagram, B is power diode 2, C is current-carrying capacitor 3, and K1 is first fast-acting switch 1.

[0115] It should be noted that the first current-carrying branch module includes a power diode 2 and a current-carrying capacitor 3, which are connected in series. Since the first current-carrying branch module is connected in parallel with the second current-carrying branch module, the first end of the power diode 2 is connected to the other end of the first fast-acting switch 1, the first end of the voltage divider circuit hardware comparator trigger unit, and the first end of the second current-carrying branch module, respectively; the second end of the current-carrying capacitor 3 is connected to the first end of the shunt 10, the second end of the voltage divider circuit hardware comparator trigger unit, and the converter, respectively.

[0116] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention provides an automatic bypass energy release protection device for superconducting magnetic energy storage, wherein the second current-carrying branch module includes a surge arrester 4;

[0117] The first terminal of the surge arrester 4 is connected to the first terminal of the power diode 2;

[0118] The second end of the surge arrester 4 is connected to the third end of the shunt 10.

[0119] exist Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the diagram, Z represents surge arrester 4.

[0120] It should be noted that the first terminal of surge arrester 4 is connected to the first terminal of power diode 2, and the second terminal of surge arrester 4 is connected to the third terminal of shunt 10. Surge arrester 4 is used to limit overvoltage.

[0121] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention provides an automatic bypass energy release protection device for superconducting magnetic energy storage, wherein the third current-carrying branch module includes a bidirectional thyristor 5, a freewheeling resistor 6, an energy release resistor 7, and a third fast switch 8.

[0122] The first end of the bidirectional thyristor 5 is connected to the first end of the surge arrester 4;

[0123] The second terminal of the bidirectional thyristor 5 is connected to the first terminal of the freewheeling resistor 6;

[0124] The third terminal of the bidirectional thyristor 5 is connected to the output terminal of the hardware trigger logic OR submodule 27;

[0125] The second end of the freewheeling resistor 6 is connected to the first end of the energy-releasing resistor 7 and the first end of the third fast switch 8, respectively.

[0126] The energy-releasing resistor 7 is connected in parallel with the third fast switch 8;

[0127] The second end of the energy release resistor 7 is connected to the second end of the surge arrester 4.

[0128] exist Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the diagram, D is a bidirectional thyristor (5), R1 is a freewheeling resistor (6), R2 is an energy release resistor (7), and K3 is a third fast switch (8).

[0129] It should be noted that the third fast switch 8 is closed by default. The hardware trigger protection logic module, triggered by the second current-carrying branch module, controls the third fast switch 8 to be turned on or off. The bidirectional thyristor 5, the freewheeling resistor 6, and the energy-releasing resistor 7 are connected in series. The third fast switch 8 is connected in parallel with the energy-releasing resistor 7. The bidirectional thyristor 5, the freewheeling resistor 6, the energy-releasing resistor 7, and the third fast switch 8 constitute the third current-carrying branch module.

[0130] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention provides an automatic bypass energy release protection device for superconducting magnetic energy storage, wherein the fourth current-passing branch module includes a second fast switch 9;

[0131] The first terminal of the second fast switch 9 is connected to the first terminal of the bidirectional thyristor 5;

[0132] The second terminal of the second fast switch 9 is connected to the second terminal of the energy-releasing resistor 7;

[0133] The second fast switch 9 is connected in parallel with the superconducting magnet.

[0134] exist Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the middle, K2 is the second fast switch 9.

[0135] It should be noted that the first terminal of the second fast switch 9 is connected to the first terminal of the bidirectional thyristor 5 and the superconducting magnet, respectively, and the second terminal of the second fast switch 9 is connected to the second terminal of the energy-releasing resistor 7 and the superconducting magnet, respectively. It is also worth mentioning that the second terminal of the third fast switch 8 is connected between the second terminal of the second fast switch 9 and the second terminal of the energy-releasing resistor 7.

[0136] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention provides an automatic bypass energy release protection device for superconducting magnetic energy storage. The hardware trigger protection logic module further includes an overcurrent hardware comparator trigger unit, a current differential hardware comparator trigger unit, a current high-pass filter harmonic trigger unit, and an external trigger unit 28.

[0137] The first terminal of the overcurrent hardware comparator trigger unit is connected to the second terminal of the shunt 10;

[0138] The second terminal of the overcurrent hardware comparator trigger unit is connected to the input terminal of the hardware trigger logic OR submodule 27;

[0139] The first terminal of the current differential hardware comparator trigger unit is connected to the second terminal of the shunt 10;

[0140] The second terminal of the current differential hardware comparator trigger unit is connected to the input terminal of the hardware trigger logic OR submodule 27;

[0141] The first terminal of the current high-pass filter harmonic triggering unit is connected to the second terminal of the shunt 10;

[0142] The second terminal of the current high-pass filter harmonic trigger unit is connected to the input terminal of the hardware trigger logic OR submodule 27;

[0143] The overcurrent hardware comparator trigger unit, the current differential hardware comparator trigger unit, and the current high-pass filter harmonic trigger unit are connected in parallel;

[0144] The third terminal of the hardware comparator trigger unit of the voltage divider circuit is connected to the input terminal of the hardware trigger logic OR submodule 27.

[0145] The external trigger unit 28 is connected to the input terminal of the hardware trigger logic OR submodule 27;

[0146] The external trigger unit 28 is used to perform a conduction action on the third current branch module in response to receiving an external trigger conduction signal.

[0147] It should be noted that the overcurrent hardware comparator trigger unit outputs an overcurrent hardware comparator trigger signal, the current differential hardware comparator trigger unit outputs a current differential hardware comparator trigger signal, the current high-pass filter harmonic trigger unit outputs a current high-pass filter harmonic trigger signal, the voltage divider circuit hardware comparator trigger unit outputs a voltage divider circuit hardware comparator trigger signal, and the external trigger unit 28 outputs an external trigger signal. The hardware trigger logic OR submodule 27 is used to receive five trigger signals: the overcurrent hardware comparator trigger signal, the current differential hardware comparator trigger signal, the current high-pass filter harmonic trigger signal, the voltage divider circuit hardware comparator trigger signal, and the external trigger signal. When the hardware trigger logic OR submodule 27 receives any trigger signal, it controls the bidirectional thyristor 5 to conduct.

[0148] Ingeniously, hardware trigger protection logic modules are set up in the four current-carrying branches of this invention. Compared with the triggering conditions of the conduction structure in existing protection circuits, the triggering conditions for conduction in this invention are five: voltage divider circuit hardware comparator triggering, overcurrent hardware comparator triggering, current differential hardware comparator triggering, high-pass filter harmonic triggering, and external triggering. These can form a freewheeling / parallel energy consumption for energy storage, creating an uninterrupted branch for the superconducting magnetic energy storage system. This has a much wider range of applications than existing single or two triggering conditions. For example, under the five triggering conditions in this invention, if... The superconducting magnetic energy storage system needs to continue to flow and consume energy to protect the superconducting magnetic energy storage. Under a single or two triggering conditions, the energy consumption is completed quickly. However, if the energy consumption is too large, a single or two triggering conditions cannot meet the requirements. It is worth mentioning that the external triggering among the five triggering conditions in this invention can form a continuous consumption branch when the energy consumption cannot be met under the above four triggering conditions. The amount of energy consumption that the hardware triggering protection logic circuit composed of the five triggering conditions can achieve is incomparable to that of existing protection circuits.

[0149] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention provides an automatic bypass energy release protection device for superconducting magnetic energy storage, wherein the overcurrent hardware comparator triggering unit includes a current overcurrent hardware comparator circuit subunit 11;

[0150] The first terminal of the current overcurrent hardware comparison circuit subunit 11 is connected to the second terminal of the shunt 10;

[0151] The second terminal of the current overcurrent hardware comparison circuit subunit 11 is connected to the input terminal of the hardware trigger logic OR submodule 27;

[0152] The current differential hardware comparator trigger unit includes a differential operation circuit feedback resistor 12, a differential capacitor 13, a differential operation circuit subunit 14, and a current differential hardware comparator circuit subunit 15.

[0153] The first terminal of the differential capacitor 13 is connected to the second terminal of the shunt 10;

[0154] The second terminal of the differential capacitor 13 is connected to the first terminal of the feedback resistor 12 of the differential operation circuit and the first terminal of the differential operation circuit subunit 14, respectively.

[0155] The feedback resistor 12 of the differential operation circuit is connected in parallel with the differential operation circuit subunit 14;

[0156] The second terminal of the differential operation circuit subunit 14 is grounded;

[0157] The second terminal of the feedback resistor 12 of the differential operation circuit and the third terminal of the differential operation circuit sub-unit 14 are both connected to the first terminal of the current differential hardware comparison circuit sub-unit 15.

[0158] The second terminal of the current differential hardware comparison circuit subunit 15 is connected to the input terminal of the hardware trigger logic OR submodule 27.

[0159] exist Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the diagram, A1 is the current overcurrent hardware comparison circuit subunit 11, R1 is the feedback resistor 12 of the differential operation circuit, C1 is the differential capacitor 13, used to differentiate the current, A2 is the differential operation circuit subunit 14, and A3 is the current differential hardware comparison circuit subunit 15.

[0160] It should be noted that the shunt 10 is used to measure the current of the superconducting magnetic energy storage coil Lm. The overcurrent hardware comparison circuit subunit 11 is an overcurrent hardware comparison circuit with a comparison reference value of Iref. If the current detected by the shunt 10 is greater than Iref, it will output an overcurrent hardware comparator trigger signal. The purpose is to quickly trigger the third current-carrying branch to conduct if an overcurrent occurs, preventing the superconducting magnetic energy storage coil Lm from continuing to experience overcurrent. The current differentiation hardware comparison circuit subunit 15 is a current differentiation hardware comparison circuit with a comparison reference value of Idref. If the output current of the differentiation operation circuit subunit 14 is greater than Ihref, it will output a current differentiation hardware comparator trigger signal. The purpose is to quickly trigger the third current-carrying branch to conduct if an unexpected rate of change of current occurs, preventing overvoltage in the superconducting magnetic energy storage coil Lm.

[0161] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2The present invention provides an automatic bypass energy release protection device for superconducting magnetic energy storage. The harmonic triggering unit of the current high-pass filter includes a first second-order high-pass filter capacitor 16, a second second-order high-pass filter capacitor 17, a first second-order high-pass filter resistor 18, a second second-order high-pass filter resistor 19, a high-pass filter operation circuit subunit 20, a first second-order high-pass filter adapter resistor 21, a second second-order high-pass filter adapter resistor 22, and a current high-pass filter hardware comparison circuit subunit 23.

[0162] The first terminal of the first-order second-order high-pass filter capacitor 16 is connected to the second terminal of the shunt 10.

[0163] The second terminal of the first second-order high-pass filter capacitor 16 is connected to the first terminal of the second second-order high-pass filter capacitor 17 and the first terminal of the second second-order high-pass filter resistor 19, respectively.

[0164] The second terminal of the second-order high-pass filter resistor 19 is connected to the first terminal of the current high-pass filter hardware comparison circuit subunit 23, the third terminal of the high-pass filter operation circuit subunit 20, and the first terminal of the first-order high-pass filter adapter resistor 21, respectively.

[0165] The second terminal of the second-order high-pass filter capacitor 17 is connected to the first terminal of the high-pass filter operation circuit sub-unit 20 and the first terminal of the first-order high-pass filter resistor 18, respectively.

[0166] The second terminal of the first and second order high-pass filter resistor 18 is grounded;

[0167] The third terminal of the high-pass filter operation circuit subunit 20 is connected to the first terminal of the first second-order high-pass filter adapter resistor 21 and the first terminal of the current high-pass filter hardware comparison circuit subunit 23, respectively.

[0168] The second end of the first and second order high-pass filter adapter resistor 21 is connected to the second end of the high-pass filter operation circuit sub-unit 20 and the first end of the second and second order high-pass filter adapter resistor 22, respectively.

[0169] The second terminal of the second-order high-pass filter adapter resistor 22 is grounded;

[0170] The first terminal of the first-order second-order high-pass filter adapter resistor 21 is connected to the first terminal of the current high-pass filter hardware comparison circuit sub-unit 23.

[0171] The second terminal of the current high-pass filter hardware comparison circuit subunit 23 is connected to the input terminal of the hardware trigger logic OR submodule 27.

[0172] exist Figure 1 and Figure 2In the diagram, C2 is the first-order second-order high-pass filter capacitor 16, C3 is the second-order second-order high-pass filter capacitor 17, R3 is the first-order second-order high-pass filter resistor 18, R2 is the second-order second-order high-pass filter resistor 19, A4 is the high-pass filter operation circuit sub-unit 20, R4 is the first-order second-order high-pass filter adapter resistor 21, R5 is the second-order second-order high-pass filter adapter resistor 22, and A5 is the current high-pass filter hardware comparison circuit sub-unit 23.

[0173] It should be noted that the current high-pass filter hardware comparison circuit subunit 23 is a current high-pass filter hardware comparison circuit with a comparison reference value of Ihref. If the current output by the high-pass filter operation circuit subunit 20 is greater than Ihref, a current high-pass filter harmonic trigger signal will be output. The purpose is to quickly trigger the third current-pass branch to conduct if a large-amplitude harmonic occurs, preventing the harmonic from causing the superconducting magnetic energy storage coil Lm to overheat.

[0174] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention provides an automatic bypass energy release protection device for superconducting magnetic energy storage, wherein the voltage divider circuit hardware comparator trigger unit includes a resistor-capacitor voltage divider circuit subunit and a voltage hardware comparator circuit subunit 24.

[0175] The first terminal of the resistor-capacitor voltage divider circuit subunit is connected to the first terminal of the first current-carrying branch module;

[0176] The second terminal of the resistor-capacitor voltage divider circuit subunit is connected to the second terminal of the first current-passing branch module;

[0177] The third terminal of the RC voltage divider circuit subunit is connected to the first terminal of the voltage hardware comparison circuit subunit 24;

[0178] The second terminal of the voltage hardware comparison circuit subunit 24 is connected to the input terminal of the hardware trigger logic OR submodule 27;

[0179] The RC voltage divider circuit subunit includes multiple sets of RC voltage divider circuit components;

[0180] Multiple sets of resistor-capacitor voltage divider circuit components are connected in series;

[0181] The resistor-capacitor voltage divider circuit assembly includes a voltage divider resistor 25 and a voltage divider capacitor 26;

[0182] Voltage divider resistor 25 and voltage divider capacitor 26 are connected in parallel.

[0183] exist Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the diagram, R6, R7, and R8 are all voltage divider resistors (25), C4, C5, and C6 are all voltage divider capacitors (26), and A6 is a voltage hardware comparator circuit subunit (24).

[0184] It should be noted that the voltage hardware comparator circuit subunit 24 is a voltage hardware comparator circuit with a comparison reference value of Vref. If the voltage divided by any of the multiple sets of RC voltage divider circuit components (e.g., C6 and R8) is greater than Vref, a trigger signal will be output from the hardware comparator of the voltage divider circuit. The purpose is to quickly trigger the third current-carrying branch to conduct if overvoltage occurs, preventing the superconducting magnetic energy storage coil Lm from continuing to experience overvoltage. The hardware trigger logic OR submodule 27 is used for logical OR processing. As long as any signal is triggered, a trigger signal will be output, triggering the bidirectional thyristor 5 in the third current-carrying branch to conduct.

[0185] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 4 The present invention provides a control method for an automatic bypass energy release protection device for superconducting magnetic energy storage, comprising:

[0186] Step 101: In response to the received overvoltage and overcurrent abnormal signal, control the first current-carrying branch module to perform a conduction action and construct a discharge branch.

[0187] Step 102: Trigger the hardware trigger protection logic module through the second current branch module to perform the conduction action on the third current branch module and construct the continuous current branch.

[0188] Step 103: Real-time detection of conduction voltage.

[0189] Step 104: Based on the preset energy release condition, control the third current-carrying branch module to perform the conduction action and construct the energy release branch; wherein, the preset energy release condition refers to keeping the conduction voltage less than or equal to the preset voltage threshold.

[0190] Step 105: When the rate of rise of the conduction voltage is greater than or equal to the preset rate of rise threshold, control the second current-carrying branch module to conduct overvoltage.

[0191] Step 106: Disconnect the first fast-acting switch 1 and control the fourth current-passing branch module to perform a conduction action to bypass.

[0192] Please see Figure 4 ;

[0193] S1, Begin.

[0194] S2. Abnormalities such as overvoltage and overcurrent occur.

[0195] S3 is designed for the discharge process. If overvoltage occurs, the power diode 2 in the first current-carrying branch module will be turned on, that is, the first current-carrying branch will be activated. The current-carrying capacitor 3 can limit the voltage rise rate and prevent the voltage rise rate from being too fast.

[0196] S4, the second current-carrying branch module trigger protection logic, including voltage divider circuit hardware comparator trigger, overcurrent hardware comparator trigger, current differential hardware comparator trigger, high-pass filter harmonic trigger, and external trigger, will all trigger the bidirectional thyristor 5 to quickly turn on within 1ms, that is, the third current-carrying branch takes effect, so that the bidirectional thyristor 5, freewheeling resistor 6, and third fast switch 8 quickly form a freewheeling branch. For details of the hardware trigger protection logic circuit, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 .

[0197] In addition, at the appropriate time, without causing overvoltage, the third fast switch 8 can be opened, and the energy release resistor 7 will be engaged. With both the freewheeling resistor 6 and the energy release resistor 7 engaged, the current flowing through will generate heat, releasing energy as quickly as possible, reducing the energy of the superconducting magnetic energy storage coil Lm as soon as possible, and protecting the entire superconducting magnetic energy storage system.

[0198] S5. If the voltage rises rapidly before S4 completes its operation, surge arrester 4 will conduct due to overvoltage, meaning the second current-carrying branch will take effect and form a freewheeling branch.

[0199] S6, S3, S4, and S5 will all trigger the first quick-action switch 1 to open and the second quick-action switch to close.

[0200] S7, End.

[0201] In this embodiment of the invention, the superconducting magnetic energy storage automatic bypass energy release protection device is an automatic protection device that operates independently and does not rely on external current-type or voltage-type converters to control the timing or the operating status of the superconducting magnetic energy storage body. The automatic protection action is fast and it is also compatible with external trigger protection. It protects the superconducting energy storage magnet, automatically releases the superconducting magnetic energy storage energy, and prevents the energy from burning out the superconducting magnetic energy storage body.

[0202] It is worth mentioning that the key point is (1) the coordination of the first, second, third, and fourth current-passing branches to protect the superconducting magnetic energy storage coil Lm from overvoltage, overcurrent, and other faults that could damage it. The function of a single branch is easy to achieve, but the key to this invention lies in the combined effect of the four branches. (2) To achieve good results, the second current-passing branch needs to use hardware circuitry to quickly trigger the protection action logic, which will not affect the normal operation of the superconducting magnetic energy storage coil Lm, and can provide timely protection action within 1ms at the time of the fault. It does not rely on external control protection logic and automatically triggers protection.

[0203] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0204] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units through some interfaces, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0205] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A superconducting magnetic energy storage automatic bypass energy release protection device, characterized in that, The bypass energy release protection device is installed between the converter and the superconducting magnet; The bypass energy release protection device includes a first fast-acting switch, a first current-carrying branch module, a second current-carrying branch module, a third current-carrying branch module, a fourth current-carrying branch module, and a hardware-triggered protection logic module. The hardware trigger protection logic module includes a current divider, a voltage divider circuit, a hardware comparator trigger unit, and a hardware trigger logic OR submodule. One end of the first fast-acting switch is connected to the converter; The first end of the first current-passing branch module is connected to the other end of the first fast-acting switch and the first end of the voltage divider circuit hardware comparator trigger unit, respectively. The second end of the first current-passing branch module is connected to the first end of the current shunt, the second end of the trigger unit of the voltage divider circuit hardware comparator, and the converter, respectively. The third end of the splitter is connected to the second flow branch module; The first flow branch module, the second flow branch module, the third flow branch module, and the fourth flow branch module are connected in parallel; The third flow branch module is connected to the output of the hardware trigger logic or submodule; The fourth current-passing branch module is connected to the superconducting magnet; The hardware trigger protection logic module also includes an overcurrent hardware comparator trigger unit, a current differential hardware comparator trigger unit, a current high-pass filter harmonic trigger unit, and an external trigger unit. The first terminal of the overcurrent hardware comparator trigger unit is connected to the second terminal of the shunt. The second terminal of the overcurrent hardware comparator trigger unit is connected to the input terminal of the hardware trigger logic OR submodule; The first terminal of the current differential hardware comparator trigger unit is connected to the second terminal of the shunt. The second terminal of the current differential hardware comparator trigger unit is connected to the input terminal of the hardware trigger logic OR submodule; The first end of the harmonic triggering unit of the current high-pass filter is connected to the second end of the shunt. The second terminal of the current high-pass filter harmonic triggering unit is connected to the input terminal of the hardware triggering logic OR submodule; The overcurrent hardware comparator triggering unit, the current differential hardware comparator triggering unit, and the current high-pass filter harmonic triggering unit are connected in parallel. The third terminal of the voltage divider circuit hardware comparator trigger unit is connected to the input terminal of the hardware trigger logic OR submodule. The external triggering unit is connected to the input terminal of the hardware triggering logic or submodule; The external triggering unit is used to perform a conduction action on the third current branch module in response to receiving an external trigger conduction signal; The overcurrent hardware comparator triggering unit includes an overcurrent hardware comparison circuit subunit; The first terminal of the current overcurrent hardware comparison circuit subunit is connected to the second terminal of the shunt. The second terminal of the current overcurrent hardware comparison circuit subunit is connected to the input terminal of the hardware trigger logic OR submodule; The current differential hardware comparator trigger unit includes a differential operation circuit feedback resistor, a differential capacitor, a differential operation circuit subunit, and a current differential hardware comparator circuit subunit. The first terminal of the differential capacitor is connected to the second terminal of the shunt. The second terminal of the differential capacitor is connected to the first terminal of the feedback resistor of the differential operation circuit and the first terminal of the differential operation circuit subunit, respectively. The feedback resistor of the differential operation circuit is connected in parallel with the sub-unit of the differential operation circuit; The second terminal of the differential operation circuit subunit is grounded; The second terminal of the feedback resistor of the differential operation circuit and the third terminal of the differential operation circuit sub-unit are both connected to the first terminal of the current differential hardware comparison circuit sub-unit. The second terminal of the current differential hardware comparison circuit subunit is connected to the input terminal of the hardware trigger logic OR submodule; The control method for the superconducting magnetic energy storage automatic bypass energy release protection device includes: In response to the received overvoltage and overcurrent abnormal signals, the first current-carrying branch module is controlled to perform a conduction action to construct a discharge branch; The hardware trigger protection logic module is triggered by the second current-passing branch module to perform a conduction action on the third current-passing branch module, thereby constructing a continuous current branch; Real-time detection of conduction voltage; Based on a preset energy release condition, the third current-carrying branch module is controlled to perform a conduction action to construct an energy release branch; wherein, the preset energy release condition refers to maintaining the conduction voltage less than or equal to a preset voltage threshold. When the rate of rise of the conduction voltage is greater than or equal to a preset rate of rise threshold, the second current-carrying branch module is controlled to conduct overvoltage. Disconnect the first fast-acting switch and control the fourth current-passing branch module to perform a conduction action to bypass.

2. The superconducting magnetic energy storage automatic bypass energy release protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first current-carrying branch module includes a power diode and a current-carrying capacitor; The first end of the power diode is connected to the other end of the first fast-acting switch and the first end of the voltage divider circuit hardware comparator trigger unit, respectively. The second terminal of the power diode is connected to the first terminal of the current-carrying capacitor; The second end of the current-carrying capacitor is connected to the first end of the shunt, the second end of the trigger unit of the voltage divider circuit hardware comparator, and the converter.

3. The superconducting magnetic energy storage automatic bypass energy release protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second current-carrying branch module includes a surge arrester; The first terminal of the surge arrester is connected to the first terminal of the power diode; The second end of the surge arrester is connected to the third end of the shunt.

4. The superconducting magnetic energy storage automatic bypass energy release protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The third current-carrying branch module includes a bidirectional thyristor, a freewheeling resistor, an energy-releasing resistor, and a third fast switch; The first end of the bidirectional thyristor is connected to the first end of the surge arrester; The second end of the bidirectional thyristor is connected to the first end of the freewheeling resistor; The third terminal of the bidirectional thyristor is connected to the output terminal of the hardware trigger logic or submodule; The second end of the freewheeling resistor is connected to the first end of the energy-releasing resistor and the first end of the third fast switch, respectively. The energy-releasing resistor is connected in parallel with the third fast switch; The second end of the energy-releasing resistor is connected to the second end of the surge arrester.

5. The superconducting magnetic energy storage automatic bypass energy release protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fourth current-passing branch module includes a second fast switch; The first terminal of the second fast switch is connected to the first terminal of the bidirectional thyristor; The second terminal of the second fast switch is connected to the second terminal of the energy-releasing resistor; The second fast switch is connected in parallel with the superconducting magnet.

6. The superconducting magnetic energy storage automatic bypass energy release protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current high-pass filter harmonic triggering unit includes a first second-order high-pass filter capacitor, a second second-order high-pass filter capacitor, a first second-order high-pass filter resistor, a second second-order high-pass filter resistor, a high-pass filter operation circuit subunit, a first second-order high-pass filter adapter resistor, a second second-order high-pass filter adapter resistor, and a current high-pass filter hardware comparison circuit subunit. The first terminal of the first second-order high-pass filter capacitor is connected to the second terminal of the shunt. The second terminal of the first second-order high-pass filter capacitor is connected to the first terminal of the second second-order high-pass filter capacitor and the first terminal of the second second-order high-pass filter resistor, respectively. The second terminal of the second second-order high-pass filter resistor is connected to the first terminal of the current high-pass filter hardware comparison circuit subunit, the third terminal of the high-pass filter operation circuit subunit, and the first terminal of the first second-order high-pass filter adapter resistor, respectively. The second terminal of the second second-order high-pass filter capacitor is connected to the first terminal of the high-pass filter operation circuit subunit and the first terminal of the first second-order high-pass filter resistor, respectively. The second terminal of the first second-order high-pass filter resistor is grounded; The third terminal of the high-pass filter operation circuit subunit is connected to the first terminal of the first second-order high-pass filter adapter resistor and the first terminal of the current high-pass filter hardware comparison circuit subunit, respectively. The second end of the first second-order high-pass filter adapter resistor is connected to the second end of the high-pass filter operation circuit subunit and the first end of the second second-order high-pass filter adapter resistor, respectively. The second terminal of the second-order high-pass filter adapter resistor is grounded. The first terminal of the first second-order high-pass filter adapter resistor is connected to the first terminal of the current high-pass filter hardware comparison circuit subunit. The second terminal of the current high-pass filter hardware comparison circuit subunit is connected to the input terminal of the hardware trigger logic OR submodule.

7. The superconducting magnetic energy storage automatic bypass energy release protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage divider circuit hardware comparator trigger unit includes a resistor-capacitor voltage divider circuit subunit and a voltage hardware comparator circuit subunit; The first terminal of the resistor-capacitor voltage divider circuit subunit is connected to the first terminal of the first current-passing branch module; The second terminal of the resistor-capacitor voltage divider circuit subunit is connected to the second terminal of the first current-passing branch module; The third terminal of the resistor-capacitor voltage divider circuit subunit is connected to the first terminal of the voltage hardware comparison circuit subunit; The second terminal of the voltage hardware comparison circuit subunit is connected to the input terminal of the hardware trigger logic OR submodule; The resistor-capacitor voltage divider circuit subunit includes multiple sets of resistor-capacitor voltage divider circuit components; Multiple sets of the aforementioned resistor-capacitor voltage divider circuit components are connected in series; The resistor-capacitor voltage divider circuit assembly includes a voltage divider resistor and a voltage divider capacitor; The voltage divider resistor is connected in parallel with the voltage divider capacitor.

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