A method of improving drought tolerance in crops by foliar application

Abstract

The application discloses a method for improving drought resistance of crops by spraying treatment. The method comprises the following steps: spraying a plant foliar spray agent on the leaves of crops in the seedling stage, wherein the plant foliar spray agent can improve the drought resistance of the crops; the plant foliar spray agent is a mixed solution of a fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and a fucosterol; the crops include soybeans, wheat and millet; the spraying amount of the plant foliar spray agent is 20-30 mL / m 2 2; and the plant foliar spray agent is sprayed on the seedlings in the 6-8 leaf stage. The method is easy to implement, simple to operate, quick in effect, and can improve the drought resistance of plants in a short period of time, thereby improving the drought resistance of crops, improving the yield of crops in seasonal drought and drought areas, and achieving the purpose of stable grain yield and economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for improving drought tolerance of crops by spray treatment, which belongs to the field of agricultural plant stress physiology. Background Art

[0002] Soybean (scientific name: Glycine max (Linn.) Merr.) is an annual herb of Glycine, Fabaceae, with a height of 30-90 cm. The protein content of soybean is 35% to 40%. Its stem is thick, erect, and densely covered with long brown hard hairs. Leaves usually have 3 leaflets; stipules have vein patterns and are covered with yellow pubescence; petiole is 2-20 cm long; leaflets are broadly ovate and papery; racemes have few flowers when short and many flowers when long; the peduncle usually has 5-8 sessile, closely packed flowers; bracts are lanceolate and covered with strigose; bracteoles are lanceolate and covered with appressed setae; calyx is lanceolate, flowers are purple, light purple or white, with a claw at the base, and wing petals are ricin-shaped. Pods are plump, slightly curved, pendulous, yellow-green, densely covered with brown-yellow long hairs; 2-5 seeds per pod, elliptical or nearly spherical, with smooth seed coat in various colors such as light green, yellow, brown and black. It flowers from June to July and bears fruit from July to September. Soybean is one of the important oil crops in China.

[0003] Common wheat (scientific name: Triticum aestivum L) has erect, clustered culms with 6-7 nodes, 60-100 cm high and 5-7 mm in diameter. Leaf sheaths are loose and enclose the culm, those in the lower part are longer than internodes and those in the upper part are shorter than internodes; ligule is membranous, about 1 mm long; leaf blade is long-lanceolate. Spikes are erect, 5-10 cm long (excluding awns) and 1-1.5 cm wide; spikelets contain 3-9 florets, those at the upper part are not developed; glumes are ovate, 6-8 mm long, the main vein has a ridge on the upper dorsal side and extends to the apex to form a tooth about 1 mm long, the dorsal ridge and apical tooth of the lateral vein are not obvious; lemma is oblong-lanceolate, 8-10 mm long, with awn or awnless at the apex; palea is almost as long as lemma. Wheat is one of the main grain crops in China.

[0004] Foxtail millet (scientific name: Setaria italica ): a plant belonging to the Poaceae family. It was called Ji and Su in ancient times, also known as Liang. It is an annual herb; with thick culms, few tillers, narrow and long lanceolate leaves with obvious midrib and lateral veins, covered with fine hairs; it has a paniculate spike; the spike is 20-30 cm long; spikelets are clustered on tertiary branchlets, and most spikelets have bristles. Each spike bears hundreds to thousands of grains, the grain is extremely small, about 0.1 cm in diameter; the panicle is generally golden yellow after maturity, the seed is ovoid, small and mostly yellow. After peeling, it is commonly called millet. The husk of foxtail millet has various colors including white, red, yellow, black, orange and purple, which is commonly known as "Su has five colors". It is widely cultivated in temperate and tropical regions of Eurasia, the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River in China is the main cultivation area, and there are also a small number of plantings in other regions. Foxtail millet is one of the main minor grain crops in China.

[0005] Under conditions of continuous global climate change, the combined or individual effects of various environmental stresses can lead to significant crop yield reductions and even trigger the degradation of natural ecosystems. Drought is a long-standing global problem, with arid and semi-arid regions covering approximately 35% of the land area and affecting more than sixty countries and regions worldwide. Currently, drought has become the most serious adverse factor affecting agricultural production in my country, attracting widespread social attention. Most plants grow in soil and cannot move freely, so they have evolved a series of response mechanisms through long-term natural selection to adapt to or resist stress. When natural growth conditions cannot be changed, enhancing the plant's resistance to adversity can strengthen its ability to adapt to unfavorable growing environments. Currently, there is no method to rapidly improve plant drought resistance; therefore, spraying different exogenous substance formulations to induce resistance to drought stress in various plant varieties (especially important crop varieties) is of great significance for increasing yields under drought conditions, maintaining soil and water conservation capacity, and improving regional ecological environments. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for spraying treatment to improve the drought resistance of different crops. The method is easy to implement, simple to operate, and quick to take effect. It can improve the drought resistance of crops in a short period of time, thereby increasing the yield of crops in seasonal drought and drought-stricken areas, achieving the goal of stable grain production and economic benefits.

[0007] The plant foliar spray provided by this invention is a mixed solution of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and fucosterol.

[0008] The chemical formula of the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO) is RO(CH2CH2O). n H, where n is a number between 6 and 8, and R represents a C12 to C18 alkyl group.

[0009] The chemical formula of the fucosterol is C 29 H 48 O, a naturally occurring sterol from plants, has vital physiological functions, such as maintaining homeostasis, controlling glycogen and mineral metabolism, regulating stress responses, preventing and treating cancer, and significantly lowering blood cholesterol. Fucosterol can be used as a raw material for synthesizing hormones and drugs, such as estrogen, androgen, and hydrocortisone. It can regulate human growth, reproduction, and development, and has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

[0010] In the mixed solution, the ratio of the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether to the fucosterol is 1 mmol: 2.5~5 mg.

[0011] Preferably, the solvent used in the mixed solution is water.

[0012] Preferably, the molar concentration of the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether in the mixed solution is 0.2~0.5 mM.

[0013] The plant foliar spray can be prepared by adding an aqueous solution of the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and a methanol solution of the fucosterol to water and mixing them evenly. The method for improving crop drought resistance through spraying provided by this invention includes the following steps: Applying plant foliar spray to the leaves of seedling crops can improve their drought resistance. The plant foliar spray is a mixed solution of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and fucosterol; The crops mentioned include soybeans, wheat, and millet.

[0014] The application rate of the plant foliar spray is 20-30 mL / m². 2 27 mL / m 2 .

[0015] Preferably, the foliar spray is applied to seedlings at the 6-8 leaf stage.

[0016] The spraying method may be as follows: Spray once a day, and once every other day, between 18:00 and 19:00 in the evening.

[0017] Before spraying the plant foliar spray, perform routine seedling management for the crops, such as: watering appropriately in the early seedling stage, keeping the soil moist to ensure good seedling growth, generally watering once every 7-10 days. After the seedlings have grown for 5 weeks, reduce watering.

[0018] Conventional methods can be used to grow crops such as soybeans, wheat, and millet, which are all planted by sowing. When sowing, seeds with high purity, few impurities, and high germination rates should be selected. After sowing, the seeds should be covered with soil immediately.

[0019] Before sowing, compound fertilizer needs to be applied to the soil. This fertilizer primarily consists of potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, urea, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, with a total nutrient content of no less than 45%. The N:P:K ratio is 15:6.549:12.447. This compound fertilizer has advantages such as high nutrient content, few byproducts, and good physical properties. It plays an important role in balanced fertilization, improving fertilizer utilization, and promoting high and stable crop yields. The disadvantage is that the nutrient ratio is fixed. Different soils and crops require different types, quantities, and ratios of nutrients. Therefore, it is best to conduct soil testing before use to understand the soil texture and nutrient status. Additionally, it is important to use it in conjunction with single-element fertilizers to achieve better results.

[0020] The method of this invention is easy to implement, simple to operate, and quick to take effect. It can improve the drought resistance of plants in a short period of time, thereby improving the drought resistance of crops and increasing the yield of crops in seasonal drought and arid areas, so as to achieve the goal of stable grain production and economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This diagram illustrates the effects of different spraying treatments on the normal growth of soybeans, where the spraying formulation is a solution containing fucosterol.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the effects of different spraying treatments on the drought resistance of soybeans, where the spraying formulation is a solution containing fucosterol.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the effects of different spraying treatments on proline and malondialdehyde in soybeans under drought conditions.

[0024] Figure 4 This diagram illustrates the effects of different spraying treatments on the normal growth of wheat, where the spraying formulation is a solution containing fucosterol.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effects of different spraying treatments on wheat drought resistance, where the spraying formulation is a solution containing fucosterol.

[0026] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the effects of different spraying treatments on proline and malondialdehyde in wheat under drought conditions.

[0027] Figure 7 This diagram illustrates the effects of different spraying treatments on the normal growth of millet, where the spraying formulation is a solution containing fucosterol.

[0028] Figure 8 This diagram illustrates the effects of different spraying treatments on the drought resistance of millet, where the spraying formulation is a solution containing fucosterol.

[0029] Figure 9 A schematic diagram showing the effects of different spraying treatments on proline and malondialdehyde in millet under drought conditions. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods.

[0031] Unless otherwise specified, all materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0032] Example 1: Plant foliar spray The foliar spray provided in this embodiment is a mixed solution of AEO and fucosterol, prepared according to the following method: Add 200 μL of an aqueous solution of 40 mM AEO and 20 μL of a methanol solution of 1000 mg / L fucosterol to 40 mL of water, mix well to obtain a plant foliar spray.

[0033] In the plant foliar spray provided in this embodiment, the molar concentration of AEO is 0.2 mM, the mass concentration of fucosterol is 0.5 mg / L, and the ratio of AEO to fucosterol is 1 mmol: 2.5 mg.

[0034] Example 2: Improving the drought resistance of soybeans using foliar sprays. 1. Planting of seedling crops First, place the potting soil in a square box and water it. Weigh out 10 kg of potting soil and spread it evenly in the box. Fertilize with 30 g of compound fertilizer. Pour 5 L of water into the box and mix thoroughly. Level the seedbed surface.

[0035] Soybeans are planted by sowing seeds. Sow soybean seeds 2 cm deep in the soil, spacing them 5 cm apart, with 8 seeds per row. Select seeds with high purity, few impurities, and high germination rates. Immediately after sowing, cover the seeds with soil and place them in a controlled greenhouse at 25 ℃ for growth.

[0036] The compound fertilizer used is made primarily from potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, urea, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, with a total nutrient content of no less than 45%. The N, P, and K ratio is 15:6.549:12.447.

[0037] 2. Seedling Management In the early stages of seedling cultivation, water appropriately. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged to ensure healthy seedling growth. Generally, water every 7-10 days. After the seedlings have grown for 5 weeks, implement water control measures. Drought treatment: Stop watering 5-week-old seedlings and allow the soil to dry out under controlled conditions. Normal treatment: Continue watering 5-week-old seedlings, maintaining soil moisture in a controlled environment to prevent it from drying out.

[0038] 3. Spraying treatment For five-week-old seedlings growing under normal and controlled watering conditions, the foliar spray prepared in Example 1 of this invention was applied. Before spraying, seedlings treated with different methods were separated using plastic wrap to avoid cross-contamination. Spraying was performed once daily, and every other day (between 18:00 and 19:00 in the evening, at 27 mL / m²). 2 Spray the above mixture).

[0039] The control group solution was prepared by adding 200 μL of 40 mM AEO aqueous solution to 40 mL of aqueous solution.

[0040] The effects of foliar spraying on normal soybean growth, such as Figure 1 As shown in the figure, under normal conditions, the soybeans sprayed with the formulation showed better growth than the soybeans sprayed with the control group.

[0041] The effects of foliar spraying on the drought resistance of soybeans, such as Figure 2 As shown in the figure, under drought conditions, the soybeans sprayed with the formulation showed significantly better drought resistance than the soybeans sprayed with the control group.

[0042] Effects of spray formulation on proline and malondialdehyde content in soybean leaves under drought conditions, such as Figure 3 As shown, the spray formulation treatment can significantly improve the drought resistance of soybeans, increase the proline content in soybean leaves under drought conditions, and decrease the malondialdehyde content in soybean leaves under drought conditions. Example 3: Improving the drought resistance of wheat by using plant foliar sprays 1. Planting of seedling crops: Same as in Example 2.

[0043] 2. Seedling stage management: Same as in Example 2.

[0044] 3. Spraying treatment: For five-week-old seedlings growing under normal and controlled watering conditions, the foliar spray prepared in Example 1 of this invention was applied. Before spraying, seedlings treated with different methods were separated using plastic wrap to avoid cross-contamination. Spraying was performed once daily, and every other day (between 18:00 and 19:00 in the evening, at 27 mL / m²). 2 Spray the above mixture).

[0045] The control group solution was prepared by adding 200 μL of 40 mM AEO aqueous solution to 40 mL of aqueous solution.

[0046] The effects of foliar spraying on normal wheat growth, such as Figure 4 As shown, under normal conditions, the wheat treated with the formulation grew better than the wheat treated with the control group.

[0047] The effects of foliar spraying on wheat drought resistance, such as Figure 5 As shown, under drought conditions, the wheat treated with the spray formulation exhibits significantly better drought resistance than the wheat treated with the control group.

[0048] Effects of foliar spray formulation on proline and malondialdehyde content in wheat leaves under drought conditions, such as Figure 6 As shown, the spray formulation treatment can significantly improve the drought resistance of wheat, increase the proline content in wheat leaves under drought conditions, and decrease the malondialdehyde content in wheat leaves under drought conditions. Example 4: Improving the drought resistance of millet by using plant foliar sprays 1. Planting of seedling crops: Same as in Example 2.

[0049] 2. Seedling stage management: Same as in Example 2.

[0050] 3. Spraying treatment: For five-week-old seedlings growing under normal and controlled watering conditions, the foliar spray prepared in Example 1 of this invention was applied. Before spraying, seedlings treated with different conditions were separated using plastic wrap to avoid cross-contamination. Spraying was performed once daily, and every other day (18:00-19:00 in the evening, spraying 40 mL of the mixture). The control group solution was prepared by adding 200 μL of a 40 mM AEO aqueous solution to 40 mL of the aqueous solution.

[0051] The effects of foliar spraying on the normal growth of millet, such as Figure 7 As shown, under normal conditions, the millet treated with the spray formula grew better than the millet treated with the control group.

[0052] The effect of foliar spraying on the drought resistance of millet, such as Figure 8 As shown, under drought conditions, the millet treated with the spray formulation exhibits significantly better drought resistance than the millet treated with the control group.

[0053] Effects of foliar spray formulation on proline and malondialdehyde content in millet leaves under drought conditions, such as Figure 9 As shown, the spray formulation treatment can significantly improve the drought resistance of millet, increase the proline content in millet leaves under drought conditions, and decrease the malondialdehyde content in millet leaves under drought conditions.

Claims

1. A method for improving the drought resistance of crops through spraying, comprising the following steps: Applying plant foliar spray to the leaves of seedling crops can improve their drought resistance. The plant foliar spray is a mixed solution of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and fucosterol; In the mixed solution, the ratio of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether to fucosterol is 1 mmol: 2.5~5.0 mg.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crops mentioned include soybeans, wheat, and millet.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The application rate of the plant foliar spray is 20-30 mL / m². 2 .

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: Spray the plant foliar spray agent onto seedlings at the 6-8 leaf stage.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The spraying method is as follows: spray once a day, and once every other day, between 18:00 and 19:00 in the evening.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the mixed solution, the molar concentration of the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is 0.2~0.5 mM.

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