An upraise drift filling method using deep hole ore dropping

Abstract

The application provides an upward drift filling method with deep hole ore falling, comprising the following steps: (1) ore body mining preparation, (2) first mining of odd stope of first layer, (3) first mining of even stope of first layer, (4) first mining of even stope of second layer, (5) filling of top after the end of ore mining of even stope of second layer, (6) mining of odd stope of second layer, (7) repeating steps (2) to (6) from bottom to top, layer by layer, the mining sequence of odd stope and even stope alternates with layers until the last layer of middle section of the ore body. After the mining of each drift, the top is filled, and the mining of the middle section of the ore body is completed. The upward drift filling method with deep hole ore falling can improve the mining efficiency of the ore body, further improve the ventilation effect, and reduce the labor intensity and mining cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground mining technology, and in particular to an upward-entry filling method using deep-hole ore extraction. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in mines both domestically and internationally, where ore conditions are generally poor, the upward-entry backfilling method is often used for mining high-value ore bodies. This method is characterized by its strong adaptability and low dilution rate. However, because the upward-entry method employs a single-heading tunneling process, there is only compensation space on the side of the working face of the stope. All blast holes must be equipped with slotting holes, enlargement holes, auxiliary holes, and peripheral holes, resulting in a large number of blast holes and manual loading of explosives. The advance per cycle is generally within the range of 2.5m to 3m, and the amount of ore caving per cycle is limited, leading to low stope production capacity. At the same time, it also has many other disadvantages, such as high labor intensity, poor ventilation, and high production costs.

[0003] Against this backdrop, developing a new upward-entry filling process to solve or improve some of the aforementioned problems has become a contemporary responsibility for mining researchers. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an upward approach filling method using deep-hole ore extraction, which can improve the ore body recovery efficiency, further improve the ventilation effect, and reduce labor intensity and mining production costs.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides an upward-entry filling method using deep-hole ore extraction, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) Ore body mining preparation: According to the occurrence characteristics of the ore body, the middle section of the ore body is divided into 3 to 4 sub-sections, and sub-section roadways are set outside the vein. The sub-sections are divided into 3 to 4 layers. Each layer is equipped with a footwall layer connecting roadway and a footwall layer connecting roadway. The sub-section roadways and layer connecting roadways are connected by a stope ramp. The layer is divided into at least one strip according to the design width as a stope, and numbered sequentially.

[0007] (2) In the odd-numbered mining area of ​​the first layer, after the mining is completed, a filling retaining wall is built at the layer connecting road, and the filling slurry is used to fill and connect to the roof to form the first filling body;

[0008] (3) The first layer of even-numbered mining area is mined, and the layer is mined to a height of 1.0m to 1.5m above the first layer. After the mining is completed, a backfilling retaining wall is built. The lower 3.5m to 4.0m of the layer is filled with backfilling slurry to form the second backfilling body. The upper 0.5m to 1.0m of the layer is filled with backfilling slurry to the height of the layer to form the first backfilling body as the working platform for the lower layer. At the same time, space is reserved as the free surface and supplementary space for the ore falling into the lower layer.

[0009] (4) The second layer of even-numbered mining areas is mined first, mined to the height of this layer, and deep holes are drilled. Blasting is arranged to fall ore according to the compensation space.

[0010] (5) After the ore is extracted from the second even-numbered mining area, a filling retaining wall is built at the inter-layer connecting road, and the filling slurry is used to fill and connect to the top to form the first filling body;

[0011] (6) When mining the odd-numbered mining area of ​​the second layer, mining is carried out at a height of 1.0m to 1.5m above the layer. After mining is completed, a backfilling retaining wall is built. The lower 3.5m to 4.0m of the layer is filled with backfilling slurry to form the second backfilling body. The upper 0.5m to 1.0m of the layer is filled with backfilling slurry to the height of the layer to form the first backfilling body as the working platform for the lower layer. At the same time, space is reserved as the free face and supplementary space for the ore falling of the lower layer.

[0012] (7) Repeat steps (2) to (6) and mine layer by layer from bottom to top. The mining order of odd-numbered and even-numbered mining areas changes with the layer until the last layer in the middle section of the ore body is reached. After mining each approach, top filling is carried out, and mining in the middle section of the ore body is completed.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment: the first filling body is a high-strength filling body with a compressive strength of 2.0MPa to 3.0MPa; the first filling body is filled with a slurry with a ash-sand ratio of 1:6 to 1:8.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment: the second filling body is a low-strength filling body with a compressive strength of 0.4MPa to 0.6MPa; the second filling body is filled with a slurry with a ash-sand ratio of 1:12 to 1:15.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment: the height of the reserved space is 1.0m to 1.5m.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment: in step (4), a rock drilling rig is used to drill a deep hole, which is a horizontal parallel deep hole with a diameter of 60mm to 65mm and a depth of 10m to 15m; a charging rig or charging device is used to charge the explosives, and one or two blasting operations are arranged according to the compensation space.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. This invention provides an upward-entry filling method using deep-hole ore extraction. By setting horizontal parallel deep holes in the strata for mining the ore body, the ore extraction volume in one operation is 3 to 5 times that of the traditional method, greatly improving production capacity and significantly enhancing ore body recovery efficiency.

[0019] 2. This invention provides an upward approach filling method using deep-hole ore extraction. After the layered mining is completed, several stopes are left unconnected to the roof. After the transition is completed, the unconnected space in the stopes forms a through-flow, which improves the ventilation effect within the layer.

[0020] 3. This invention provides an upward-entry filling method using deep-hole ore extraction, employing a rock drilling rig to drill deep holes and a charging rig or charging device to load explosives, which significantly reduces the workload of manual charging and further reduces labor intensity.

[0021] 4. This invention provides an upward approach filling method using deep-hole ore cutting, which replaces some of the shallow-hole drilling with deep holes. The number of deep-hole blast holes used in the mining is only 5% to 10% of the number of shallow holes, thus reducing drilling costs. Deep-hole mining has lower explosive consumption per unit compared to shallow-hole mining, thus reducing explosive costs. In the mining operation, the overall production cost is reduced. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a front view of the upward-pass filling method described in preferred embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a side view of the upward approach filling method described in preferred embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "top / bottom," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0026] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "equipped", "sleeved / connected", "connected", etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a wall-mounted connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] refer to Figures 1-2 This embodiment provides an upward-entry filling method using deep-hole ore extraction, including the following steps:

[0029] (1) Preparation for mining the ore body: According to the occurrence characteristics of the ore body, the middle section of the ore body is divided into 3 to 4 segments according to a certain size. A segment roadway 1 is set outside the vein, and 3 to 4 layers are divided within the segment. Each layer is equipped with a footwall layer connecting roadway 3 and a footwall layer connecting roadway 4. The segment roadway 1 and the layer connecting roadway are connected by a stope ramp 2. The layer is divided into several strips according to the design width as stopes, and numbered sequentially.

[0030] (2) In the odd-numbered stopes of the first layer, after the mining is completed, a filling retaining wall 5 is built at the layer connecting road, that is, a filling retaining wall 5 is built at the position of the lower layer connecting road 3 and the upper layer connecting road 4, and the filling slurry is used to fill and connect to the top to form the first filling body 6; the first filling body 6 is a high-strength filling body with a compressive strength of 2.0MPa to 3.0MPa; the first filling body 6 is filled with slurry with a ash-sand ratio of 1:6 to 1:8.

[0031] (3) The first even-numbered stope of the first layer is mined, and the super-layer is mined to a height of 1.0m to 1.5m. After the mining is completed, a backfill retaining wall 5 is built. The lower 3.5m to 4.0m of the layer is filled with backfill slurry to form a second backfill body 7. The second backfill body 7 is a low-strength backfill body with a compressive strength of 0.4MPa to 0.6MPa. The second backfill body 7 is filled with slurry with a lime-sand ratio of 1:12 to 1:15. The upper 0.5m to 1.0m of the layer is filled with backfill slurry to the height of the layer to form a first backfill body 6 as a working platform for the lower layer, while reserving space 8 as a free surface and supplementary space for the ore falling into the lower layer. The reserved space 8 is 1.0m to 1.5m high. The first backfill body 6 is a high-strength backfill body with a compressive strength of 2.0MPa to 3.0MPa; the first backfill body 6 is filled with slurry with a lime-sand ratio of 1:6 to 1:8.

[0032] (4) The second layer of even-numbered stopes is mined first, and the mined back to the height of this layer is then drilled. Deep holes 9 are drilled, and blasting is arranged according to the compensation space. Deep holes 9 are drilled using a rock drilling rig. The deep holes 9 are horizontal parallel deep holes with a diameter of 60mm to 65mm and a depth of 10m to 15m. Charges are loaded using a charging rig or charging device, and one or two blasting operations are arranged according to the compensation space.

[0033] (5) After the ore extraction in the second even-numbered stope is completed, a filling retaining wall 5 is constructed at the inter-layer connecting roadway, that is, a filling retaining wall 5 is constructed at the location of the lower inter-layer connecting roadway 3 and the upper inter-layer connecting roadway 4. The filling slurry is used to fill and connect to the top to form the first filling body 6. The first filling body 6 is a high-strength filling body with a compressive strength of 2.0MPa to 3.0MPa; the first filling body 6 is filled with a slurry with a cement-sand ratio of 1:6 to 1:8.

[0034] (6) During the mining of the second-layer odd-numbered stope, the sub-layer is mined to a height of 1.0m to 1.5m. After the mining is completed, a backfill retaining wall 5 is constructed. The lower 3.5m to 4.0m of the layer is filled with backfill slurry to form a second backfill body 7. The second backfill body 7 is a low-strength backfill body with a compressive strength of 0.4MPa to 0.6MPa. The second backfill body 7 is filled with slurry with a lime-sand ratio of 1:12 to 1:15. The upper 0.5m to 1.0m of the layer is filled with backfill slurry to the height of the layer to form a first backfill body 6 as a working platform for the lower layer. At the same time, a space 8 is reserved as a free surface and supplementary space for the ore falling into the lower layer. The reserved space 8 is 1.0m to 1.5m high. The first backfill body 6 is a high-strength backfill body with a compressive strength of 2.0MPa to 3.0MPa. The first backfill body 6 is filled with slurry with a lime-sand ratio of 1:6 to 1:8.

[0035] (7) Repeat steps (2) to (6) and mine layer by layer from bottom to top. The mining order of odd-numbered and even-numbered mining areas changes with the layer until the last layer in the middle section of the ore body is reached. After mining each approach, top filling is carried out, and mining in the middle section of the ore body is completed.

[0036] In this embodiment, the upward-entry filling method using deep-hole ore extraction improves ventilation after layer transition by changing the traditional upward-entry method's mining sequence, stope division, and filling requirements. This increases mechanization and stope production capacity while reducing labor intensity and production costs. The upward-entry filling method using deep-hole ore extraction does not affect the existing stope division and preparation work in the mine, making it simple to implement and highly adaptable.

[0037] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any non-substantial modifications made to the present invention by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention using this concept shall be deemed as an infringement of the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for filling a deep-hole ore-feeding upward path, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: (1) Ore body mining preparation: According to the occurrence characteristics of the ore body, the middle section of the ore body is divided into 3 to 4 sub-sections, and sub-section roadways are set outside the vein. The sub-sections are divided into 3 to 4 layers. Each layer is equipped with a footwall layer connecting roadway and a footwall layer connecting roadway. The sub-section roadways and layer connecting roadways are connected by a stope ramp. The layer is divided into at least one strip according to the design width as a stope, and numbered sequentially. (2) In the odd-numbered mining area of ​​the first layer, after the mining is completed, a filling retaining wall is built at the layer connecting road, and the filling slurry is used to fill and connect to the roof to form the first filling body; (3) The first layer of even-numbered mining area is mined, and the layer is mined to a height of 1.0m to 1.5m above the first layer. After the mining is completed, a backfilling retaining wall is built. The lower 3.5m to 4.0m of the layer is filled with backfilling slurry to form the second backfilling body. The upper 0.5m to 1.0m of the layer is filled with backfilling slurry to the height of the layer to form the first backfilling body as the working platform for the lower layer. At the same time, space is reserved as the free surface and supplementary space for the ore falling into the lower layer. (4) The second layer of even-numbered mining areas is mined first, mined to the height of this layer, and deep holes are drilled. Blasting is arranged to fall ore according to the compensation space. (5) After the ore is extracted from the second even-numbered mining area, a filling retaining wall is built at the inter-layer connecting road, and the filling slurry is used to fill and connect to the top to form the first filling body; (6) When mining the odd-numbered mining area of ​​the second layer, mining is carried out at a height of 1.0m to 1.5m above the layer. After mining is completed, a backfilling retaining wall is built. The lower 3.5m to 4.0m of the layer is filled with backfilling slurry to form the second backfilling body. The upper 0.5m to 1.0m of the layer is filled with backfilling slurry to the height of the layer to form the first backfilling body as the working platform for the lower layer. At the same time, space is reserved as the free face and supplementary space for the ore falling of the lower layer. (7) Repeat steps (2) to (6) and mine layer by layer from bottom to top. The mining order of odd-numbered and even-numbered mining areas changes with the layer until the last layer in the middle section of the ore body is reached. After mining each approach, top filling is carried out, and mining in the middle section of the ore body is completed.

2. The upward-entry filling method using deep-hole ore extraction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The first filling body is a high-strength filling body with a compressive strength of 2.0MPa to 3.0MPa; the first filling body is filled with slurry with a ash-sand ratio of 1:6 to 1:

8.

3. The upward-entry filling method using deep-hole ore extraction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The second filling body is a low-strength filling body with a compressive strength of 0.4MPa to 0.6MPa; the second filling body is filled with slurry with a ash-sand ratio of 1:12 to 1:

15.

4. The upward-entry filling method using deep-hole ore extraction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The reserved space has a height of 1.0m to 1.5m.

5. The upward-entry filling method using deep-hole ore extraction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), a rock drilling rig is used to drill deep holes. The deep holes are horizontal parallel holes with a diameter of 60mm to 65mm and a depth of 10m to 15m. A charging rig or charging device is used to charge the explosives, and one or two blasting operations are arranged according to the compensation space.

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