A variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device and an excavation method, and solves the problem that it is difficult to excavate a large cross-section tunnel model after excavating a small cross-section tunnel model in the prior art, has the beneficial effect of realizing accurate excavation of a variable cross-section tunnel model test, and specifically has the following technical scheme: a variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device, which comprises a base, the base supports a multidimensional movement mechanism, the multidimensional movement mechanism drives a sliding block to realize horizontal and vertical movement, the sliding block is connected with a linear driving mechanism, the linear driving mechanism can be telescopically extended along the excavation direction of the tunnel model, the linear driving mechanism is connected with a rotating assembly, the rotating assembly comprises a first rotating shaft connected with the movable end of the linear driving mechanism, the telescopic direction of the linear driving mechanism is perpendicular to the horizontal movement direction of the sliding block, the first rotating shaft is connected with a first part, the first part is connected with a drill bit through a second rotating shaft, the second rotating shaft drives the drill bit to rotate in a plane parallel to the movement plane of the sliding block, and the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are arranged perpendicularly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of model testing, and in particular to a variable cross-section tunnel model testing excavation device and excavation method. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] During model tests of tunnel excavation, a situation of variable cross-section excavation is encountered, where the cross-sectional size of the tunnel at the front and rear of the excavation model is different. There are two main types of variable cross-section tunnel models: one is where the excavated tunnel cross-section changes from the second tunnel model to a smaller cross-section, and the other is where the smaller cross-section changes back to the second tunnel model. For the former, excavation can generally be carried out using normal excavation methods. However, the inventors discovered that in the latter case, the completion of the excavation of the smaller cross-section tunnel model at the front restricts the excavation of the larger cross-section tunnel model at the rear, making it difficult to excavate using normal methods. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device, which enables precise excavation of variable cross-section tunnel model tests, thereby making it easier to excavate variable cross-section tunnel models that change from small to large cross-sections.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: A variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device includes a base supporting a multi-dimensional motion mechanism. The multi-dimensional motion mechanism drives a slider to achieve lateral and vertical movement. The slider is connected to a linear drive mechanism, which can extend and retract along the tunnel model excavation direction. The linear drive mechanism is connected to a rotating component, which includes a first rotating shaft connected to the movable end of the linear drive mechanism. The extension and retraction direction of the linear drive mechanism is perpendicular to the lateral movement direction of the slider. The first rotating shaft is connected to a first component, and the first component is connected to a drill bit through a second rotating shaft. The second rotating shaft drives the drill bit to rotate in a plane perpendicular to the slider's movement plane. The central axis of the first rotating shaft is perpendicular to the central axis of the second rotating shaft. The first rotating shaft drives the drill bit to rotate through the first component. The multi-dimensional motion mechanism, linear drive mechanism, first rotating shaft and drill bit are each individually connected to the control component.

[0006] As described above, the excavation device has a linear drive mechanism connecting the slider and the rotating component. The excavation of a smaller cross-section tunnel model can be achieved through the arrangement of the drill bit, the linear drive mechanism, and the multi-dimensional motion mechanism. The second rotating shaft drives the drill bit to rotate in a plane perpendicular to the slider's moving plane, so that the drill bit faces the side of the smaller cross-section tunnel model. The first rotating shaft drives the drill bit to rotate through the first component. With the help of the linear drive mechanism and the multi-dimensional motion mechanism, the drill bit can bypass the small cross-section tunnel model in front to excavate the second tunnel model behind.

[0007] As described above, a variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device includes a first frame and a second frame. The first frame is connected to the first rotating shaft. The first frame is connected to one end of the second frame via a third rotating shaft. The other end of the second frame is connected to the drill bit via the second rotating shaft. The second rotating shaft drives the drill bit back to the extension and retraction direction of the linear drive component. The third rotating shaft drives the drill bit to turn via the second frame, which allows the drill bit to move further toward the side of the tunnel, enabling the drill bit to reach the edge of the upper position in the large cross-section tunnel model.

[0008] As described above, in a variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device, the central axis of the first rotating shaft is perpendicular to the central axis of the third rotating shaft, and the central axis of the second rotating shaft is parallel to the central axis of the third rotating shaft. The second rotating shaft drives the drill bit to rotate within a first range, and the third rotating shaft drives the drill bit to rotate within a second range, which is larger than the first range.

[0009] As described above, in a variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device, the first frame is a first rod, one end of the first rod is hollow, a rotatable first gear shaft is provided in the hollow part of the first rod, the first gear shaft is connected to a first power source, the first gear shaft meshes with a first gear, and the first gear is sleeved on the third rotating shaft; The second frame is a second rod, one end of which is hollow. A rotatable second gear shaft is installed in the hollow part of the second rod. The second gear shaft is connected to a second power source and meshes with a second gear. The second gear is sleeved on the second rotating shaft. Thus, a first recess is provided at one end of the first rod, a second recess is provided at one end of the second rod, and a first protrusion is provided at the other end of the second rod. The first protrusion supports a third rotating shaft, and the third rotating shaft and the third gear are placed in the first recess. The first power source and the second power source are each individually connected to the control component.

[0010] As described above, a variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device includes a drill bit power source and a drill bit body. A second rotating shaft is connected to the drill bit power source. The drill bit power source and the drill bit body are detachably connected. The drill bit power source is connected to the control component. The drill bit body includes a drill bit shaft connected to the drill bit power source. The drill bit body has multiple cutting edges arranged circumferentially, and the length direction of the cutting edges is arranged along the central axis of the drill bit shaft. The multiple cutting edges of the drill bit body facilitate the full cutting of the soil during rapid rotation.

[0011] As described above, in a variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device, the linear drive mechanism includes a linear drive power source, which is located inside the housing and connected to a telescopic rod. The housing is fixed to the side of the slider. The control components include a controller, which is located inside the housing. A partition is installed inside the housing, and a fan is installed on one side of the partition. The fan is connected to a dust collection pipe, which passes through the housing and is connected to a dust collection nozzle. The dust collection nozzle is located below the drill bit, and the installation of the dust collection nozzle enables the smooth discharge of excavated soil. The controller is connected to the computing terminal, which has a model generation system. The model generation system processes the tunnel model data to create a three-dimensional tunnel model. Based on the created three-dimensional tunnel model, the model generation system designs the excavation steps and converts them into instructions. The computing terminal sends instructions to the controller, which controls the movement of the multi-dimensional motion mechanism, linear drive mechanism, first rotating shaft, second rotating shaft, and drill bit according to the designed excavation steps.

[0012] As described above, in a variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device, the dust suction pipe includes a rigid pipe that passes through the housing. A section of the rigid pipe passing through the housing is a telescopic pipe that is connected to the telescopic rod of the linear drive mechanism. The rigid pipe is connected to a flexible hose that is fixed to the first component. When the first component rotates, the flexible hose can drive the dust suction nozzle to rotate together, thereby achieving synchronous movement of the dust suction nozzle and the drill bit.

[0013] As described above, a variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device includes a multi-dimensional motion mechanism comprising a support frame. The base is provided with the support frame, which includes a vertical frame and a horizontal frame. The vertical frame supports the horizontal frame, and the horizontal frame can move along the vertical frame. The horizontal frame is provided with a slider, which can move along the horizontal frame and surrounds the horizontal frame. The multi-dimensional motion mechanism can drive the slider to achieve vertical and horizontal movement, ensuring accurate excavation of the tunnel face. The vertical frame includes vertical rods fixed to both sides of the upper surface of the base. The vertical rods on both sides support the horizontal frame, which is a horizontal bar. The top of the vertical rods on both sides supports a fixing rod.

[0014] As described above, in a variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device, third gears are respectively provided at both ends of the horizontal bar, and a first rack that meshes with the third gears is provided along the length of the vertical bar. The third gears are connected to a third power source, and the third power source is connected to the control component. The slider is equipped with a fourth gear, and a second rack that meshes with the fourth gear is provided along the length of the crossbar. The fourth gear is connected to a fourth power source, and the fourth power source is connected to a control component.

[0015] Secondly, the present invention also provides an excavation method for a variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device, comprising the following: The excavation of the first tunnel begins: the drill bit rotates to cut the soil, the linear drive mechanism extends towards the excavation face of the first tunnel to control the drilling depth, and the multi-dimensional motion mechanism drives the slider to move, thereby realizing the excavation of the first tunnel model; Excavation is carried out on the second tunnel model, which is located behind the first tunnel model, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the second tunnel model are larger than those of the first tunnel model. The second rotating shaft drives the drill bit to rotate 90° clockwise or counterclockwise in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the slider movement. The drill bit works so that it digs to the side. The first rotating shaft drives the drill bit to rotate one revolution in a plane parallel to the plane of the slider movement through the first component, so that the drill bit digs one revolution in the circumferential direction. The linear drive mechanism extends, and the first rotating shaft drives the drill bit to rotate one revolution in a plane parallel to the slider movement plane through the first component, thus performing a second revolution of digging; The second rotating shaft drives the drill bit back to the extension / retraction direction of the linear drive mechanism, and the drill bit continues to advance towards the tunneling face.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1) This invention connects the slider and the rotating component through a linear drive mechanism. The drill bit can cut the soil. The excavation of a smaller cross-section tunnel model can be achieved through the setup of the drill bit, the linear drive mechanism, and the multi-dimensional motion mechanism. The second rotating shaft drives the drill bit to rotate in a plane perpendicular to the slider's moving plane, so that the drill bit faces the side of the smaller cross-section tunnel model. The first rotating shaft drives the drill bit to rotate through the first component. With the help of the linear drive mechanism and the multi-dimensional motion mechanism, the drill bit can bypass the small cross-section tunnel model in front and smoothly excavate the larger cross-section second tunnel model behind.

[0017] 2) In this invention, the first component introduces the third rotating shaft, the second rotating shaft drives the drill bit back to the extension and retraction direction of the linear drive component, and the third rotating shaft drives the drill bit to turn through the second frame, so that the drill bit can further move towards the side of the tunnel, and the drill bit can reach the edge of the upper position in the second tunnel model.

[0018] 3) This invention installs a dust suction nozzle below the drill bit, which is connected to a vacuum pump. This allows the excavated soil to be directly discharged through the dust suction nozzle during tunnel excavation, effectively solving the problem of cleaning excavated soil in variable cross-section speed-adjustable drills. Furthermore, the dust suction pipe includes a rigid pipe and a flexible pipe. The rigid pipe is a telescopic pipe that can extend and retract with the extension and retraction of the telescopic rod, while the flexible pipe can rotate with the rotation of the drill bit, ensuring synchronous movement of the dust suction nozzle and the drill bit. This ensures effective soil discharge during excavation and avoids the generation of large soil particles during the excavation process.

[0019] 4) This invention connects a controller to a computing terminal. The computing terminal has a model generation system. The model generation system processes the model data and designs the excavation steps according to the required tunnel model. The computing terminal sends instructions to the controller. The controller controls the actions of each mechanism according to the designed excavation steps to achieve accurate excavation of the tunnel model and avoid the error problem between the manually excavated tunnel model and the designed tunnel model. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the support frame and base in a variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the end connection between the vertical and horizontal bars in a variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the slider and the crossbar in a variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a portion of the structure of a variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 This is an enlarged view of the structure at the third rotating shaft in a variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 7This is an enlarged view of the drill bit and suction nozzle in a variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the box arrangement in a variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0029] The diagram exaggerates the spacing or dimensions between parts to show their positions; the diagram is for illustrative purposes only.

[0030] The components are: 1. Vertical rod; 2. Horizontal rod; 3. Slider; 4. Fixed rod; 5. Housing; 6. Telescopic rod; 7. Rigid tube; 8. Display screen; 9. Drill bit; 10. Dust suction nozzle; 11. Box body; 12. Dust collector; 13. Base; 14. First rotating shaft; 15. First rod; 16. Connecting block; 17. Exhaust port; 18. Second rod; 19. First gear shaft; 20. First gear; 21. Third gear; 22. Fourth gear; 23. First rack; 24. Second rack; 25. Flexible hose. Detailed Implementation

[0031] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0032] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, unless otherwise expressly indicated by the invention, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof. As described in the background section, existing technologies have the problem that excavating a smaller cross-section tunnel model makes it more difficult to excavate a larger cross-section tunnel model later. In order to solve the above technical problem, this invention proposes a variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device.

[0033] Example 1 In a typical embodiment of the present invention, reference is made to Figure 1As shown, a variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device includes a base 13, which supports a multi-dimensional motion mechanism. The multi-dimensional motion mechanism drives a slider to achieve lateral and vertical movement. The slider 3 is connected to a linear drive mechanism, which can extend and retract along the tunnel model excavation direction. The linear drive mechanism is connected to a rotating component, which includes a first rotating shaft 14 connected to the movable end of the linear drive mechanism. The extension and retraction direction of the linear drive mechanism is perpendicular to the lateral movement direction of the slider. The first rotating shaft 14 is connected to a first component, which is connected to a drill bit 9 through a second rotating shaft. The second rotating shaft drives the drill bit 9 to rotate in a plane parallel to the plane of movement of the slider 3. The central axis of the first rotating shaft 14 is perpendicular to the central axis of the second rotating shaft. The first rotating shaft 14 drives the drill bit 9 to rotate through the first component. The multi-dimensional motion mechanism, linear drive mechanism, first rotating shaft and drill bit 9 are each individually connected to the control component.

[0034] In addition, the first component includes a first frame and a second frame. The first frame is connected to the first rotating shaft 14. The first frame is connected to one end of the second frame via a third rotating shaft. The other end of the second frame is connected to the drill bit via the second rotating shaft. The second rotating shaft drives the drill bit 9 back to the extension and retraction direction of the linear drive component. The third rotating shaft drives the drill bit 9 to turn via the second frame, which allows the drill bit 9 to move further toward the side of the tunnel model, so that the drill bit can reach the edge of the upper position in the second tunnel model, i.e., the larger cross-section tunnel model.

[0035] The central axis of the first rotating shaft 14 is perpendicular to the central axis of the third rotating shaft, and the central axis of the second rotating shaft is parallel to the central axis of the third rotating shaft. The second rotating shaft drives the drill bit to rotate in a first range, and the third rotating shaft drives the drill bit to rotate in a second range, which is larger than the first range.

[0036] In this embodiment, reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the first frame is the first rod 15, one end of the first rod 15 is hollow, and a rotatable first gear shaft 19 is set in the hollow part of the first rod 15. The first gear shaft 19 is connected to the first power source, and the first gear shaft 19 meshes with the first gear 20. The first gear 20 is sleeved on the third rotating shaft. The second frame is the second rod 18. One end of the second rod 18 is hollow, and a rotatable second gear shaft is set in the hollow part of the second rod 18. The second gear shaft is connected to the second power source and meshes with the second gear. The second gear is sleeved on the second rotating shaft. Thus, one end of the first rod is provided with a first recess, one end of the second rod 18 is provided with a second recess, and the other end of the second rod is provided with a first protrusion. The first protrusion supports the third rotating shaft, and the third rotating shaft and the third gear are placed in the first recess. The first power source and the second power source are each connected separately to the control component; it can be understood that the first power source and the second power source are specifically rotary motors, with the first power source supported by the first rod 15 and the second power source supported by the second rod 18.

[0037] Understandably, reference Figure 7 As shown, the drill bit 9 includes a drill bit power source and a drill bit body. The second rotating shaft is connected to the drill bit power source. The drill bit power source is detachably connected to the drill bit body. The drill bit power source is connected to the control component. The drill bit power source is specifically a rotary motor. A support is provided on one side of the drill bit power source, and the support supports the second rotating shaft. The drill bit body includes a drill bit shaft connected to the drill bit power source. The drill bit shaft is connected to the drill bit body. The drill bit body is provided with multiple cutting edges in the circumferential direction. The length direction of the cutting edges is set along the central axis of the drill bit shaft. The multiple cutting edges of the drill bit body are conducive to fully cutting the soil when rotating at high speed.

[0038] It is understood that the linear drive mechanism includes a linear drive power source, which is located inside the housing and connected to a telescopic rod. Specifically, the linear drive power source and the telescopic rod are electric push rods, and the housing is fixed to the lower side of the slider. In this embodiment, the control component includes a controller, specifically a PLC controller or other types of controller. The controller is located inside the housing 11, which is situated on one side of the support frame. The housing 11 can be fixedly connected to the base 13, or the housing can be placed on the upper surface of the base 13. A partition is horizontally arranged inside the housing 11, and a fan is arranged on one side of the partition. The fan is connected to a dust collection pipe, and the power source of the fan is connected to the control component. The fan generates suction when it operates. The dust collection pipe passes through the housing and is connected to the dust collection nozzle 10. The dust collection nozzle 10 is located below the drill bit 9. Excavated soil enters one side of the housing partition through the dust collection nozzle 10 and the dust collection pipe, thus achieving the smooth discharge of the excavated soil. Specifically, the suction nozzle 10 is connected to one end of the hose 25. The opening side of the suction nozzle 10 is tilted downwards and faces the opening of the drill bit body so that the soil cut by the drill bit body can smoothly enter the suction nozzle 10.

[0039] refer to Figure 8 As shown, the housing 11 is provided with an exhaust port 17. A dust filter is installed inside the housing 11 at the exhaust port. In this way, the air inside the housing 11 is filtered by the dust filter and discharged from the exhaust port 17. The partition inside the housing 11 is horizontally arranged. The upper part of the partition is the controller and computer, and the lower part of the partition is the dust collector 12. A fan is installed above the dust collector on the partition. The dust collector 12 is a drawer structure component. The dust collector can be pulled out relative to the housing to facilitate the cleaning of the slag.

[0040] The controller is connected to a computing terminal, which is specifically a computer. The computer is connected to a display screen and is also placed inside the housing 11. The top side of the housing is tilted, and an opening is provided on the top side of the housing 11. The display surface of the display screen is located at the opening of the housing.

[0041] The computing terminal has a model generation system 8, which specifically includes two parts: the existing computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided engineering (CAE). The computer-aided design (CAD) performs parametric modeling by inputting specific parameters of the variable cross-section tunnel, or draws a three-dimensional tunnel model by directly modeling. The computer-aided engineering (CAE) converts the drawn three-dimensional tunnel model into machine-readable instructions to control each mechanism to perform actions according to reasonable excavation steps.

[0042] Understandably, the model generation system processes tunnel model data into a three-dimensional tunnel model. Based on the drawn three-dimensional tunnel model, it designs excavation steps and converts them into instructions. The computing terminal sends instructions to the controller, which controls the movement of the multi-dimensional motion mechanism, linear drive mechanism, first rotating shaft, second rotating shaft, and drill bit according to the designed excavation steps to achieve precise excavation of the tunnel model. The computing terminal's display screen shows the drawn three-dimensional model so that operators can observe the excavation dynamics in real time.

[0043] refer to Figure 5 As shown, the vacuuming pipe includes a rigid pipe 7, one end of which is connected to the housing, and the other end of which passes through the housing 5. The section of the rigid pipe 7 that passes through the housing is a telescopic pipe, which is connected to the telescopic rod of the linear drive mechanism. The rigid pipe is connected to a flexible hose 25, which is located below the first shaft and the first component. The innermost pipe of the telescopic pipe is connected to the flexible pipe, and a connecting block 16 is provided on the innermost pipe of the telescopic pipe. The connecting block 16 is connected to the innermost rod of the telescopic rod 6 (connected to the first rotating shaft 14). When the telescopic rod 6 moves, it drives the telescopic pipe to extend or retract. The flexible hose is fixed to the first component. When the first component rotates, the flexible hose can drive the vacuum nozzle 10 to rotate together, so as to realize the synchronous movement of the vacuum nozzle 10 and the drill bit 9.

[0044] In addition, one side of the box 11 is connected to one end of the rigid pipe, and the rigid pipe 7 can be bent and fixed to the base 13. The base 13 can be provided with threaded holes to facilitate fixing the base to the front of the excavation tunnel model; and both the rigid pipe and the flexible pipe are made of plastic materials.

[0045] In this embodiment, the multi-dimensional motion mechanism includes a support frame. The base 13 is provided with the support frame, which includes a vertical frame and a horizontal frame. The vertical frame supports the horizontal frame, and the horizontal frame can move along the vertical frame. The horizontal frame is provided with a slider, which can move along the horizontal frame. The slider 3 is arranged around the horizontal frame. The multi-dimensional motion mechanism can drive the slider 3 to achieve vertical and horizontal movement, ensuring accurate excavation of the tunnel model excavation face. refer to Figure 2 As shown, the vertical frame includes vertical rods 1 fixed to both sides of the upper surface of the base 13. The vertical rods are perpendicular to the base 13. The vertical rods 1 on both sides support the horizontal frame, which is a horizontal bar 2. The horizontal bar is perpendicular to the vertical rod. The top of the vertical rods 1 on both sides supports the fixing rod 4. The fixing rod 4 is set to stabilize the vertical rods on both sides and to limit the movement of the horizontal bar 2 relative to the vertical rod 1.

[0046] refer to Figure 3 As shown, a third gear 21 is provided at both ends of the horizontal bar 2. A first rack 23 that meshes with the third gear is provided on the inner side of the vertical bar along the length direction of the vertical bar. The third gear 21 is connected to a third power source, which is connected to a control component. The third power source drives the third gear to rotate. Because the third gear meshes with the first rack, it drives the horizontal bar to move along the vertical bar. Additionally, refer to Figure 4 As shown, in order to enable the slider 3 to move along the crossbar, the slider 3 is equipped with a fourth gear 22, and a second rack 24 that meshes with the fourth gear 22 is provided along the length direction of the crossbar. The second rack 24 is provided along the side of the crossbar 2 facing the linear drive mechanism. The fourth gear 24 is connected to a fourth power source, which is connected to a control component. The fourth power source drives the fourth gear to rotate. Because the fourth gear meshes with the second rack, it drives the slider to move along the crossbar.

[0047] Specifically, the third and fourth power sources are rotary motors, and notches are provided at both ends of the crossbar. The crossbar is fitted onto the vertical bar through the notches, and the third power source is supported by the crossbar. The fourth power source is fixed to the slider, and the fourth gear is located inside the slider.

[0048] The excavation device provided in this embodiment has a linear drive mechanism connecting the slider and the rotating component. The excavation of a smaller cross-section tunnel model can be achieved through the arrangement of the drill bit, the linear drive mechanism, and the multi-dimensional motion mechanism. The second rotating shaft drives the drill bit to rotate in a plane perpendicular to the slider's moving plane, so that the drill bit faces the side of the smaller cross-section tunnel model. The first rotating shaft drives the drill bit to rotate through the first component. With the help of the linear drive mechanism and the multi-dimensional motion mechanism, the drill bit can bypass the small cross-section tunnel model in front to excavate the second tunnel model behind.

[0049] Example 2 This embodiment provides an excavation method for a variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device, including the following: The excavation of the first tunnel model begins: the drill bit is perpendicular to the horizontal frame, the drill bit rotates to cut the soil, the linear drive mechanism extends towards the excavation face of the first tunnel model to control the excavation depth of the drill bit, the horizontal frame moves along the vertical frame, and the slider moves along the horizontal frame, thereby realizing the excavation of the first tunnel. Excavation is carried out on the second tunnel model, which is located behind the first tunnel model, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the second tunnel model are larger than those of the first tunnel model. The second rotating shaft drives the drill bit to rotate 90° clockwise or counterclockwise in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the slider movement. The drill bit works so that it digs to the side. The first rotating shaft drives the drill bit to rotate one revolution in a plane parallel to the plane of the slider movement through the first component, so that the drill bit digs one revolution in the circumferential direction. The linear drive mechanism extends, and the first rotating shaft drives the drill bit to rotate once in a plane parallel to the slider movement plane through the first component, and then performs the second revolution of excavation. The above actions are repeated until the excavation of the side of the second tunnel model is completed. The second shaft drives the drill bit back to a direction perpendicular to the transverse frame, and the drill bit then continues to advance towards the tunneling face.

[0050] In this embodiment, taking a variable cross-section tunnel model as an example, the first tunnel model consists of two parallel elliptical cross-sections with a long side of 20cm and a short side of 15cm, and the second tunnel model consists of an elliptical cross-section with a long side of 60cm and a short side of 40cm. The length of both tunnel models is 50cm.

[0051] The excavated tunnel model data is imported into the model generation system. The computing terminal generates instructions and sends them to the controller. The controller moves to the excavation position by controlling the rotation of two gears in the crossbar 2 and slider 3. The drill bit 9 rotates at high speed to cut the soil. The extension and retraction of the telescopic rod controls the excavation depth of the drill bit 9. The position of the drill bit 9 is adjusted by the multi-dimensional motion mechanism to excavate the outline of the first tunnel model. One side is excavated first, and then the other side of the first tunnel model is excavated. The two first tunnel models on both sides are parallel to each other. The excavation of the first two 50cm first tunnel models is completed. On the basis of this section, the two first tunnel models are excavated backward by 50cm.

[0052] Inside the first tunnel model on the left, the second rotating shaft drives the drill bit to rotate 90° clockwise in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the slider movement. At the starting point of the excavation of the second tunnel model, the drill bit 9 digs 5cm to the side. The first rotating shaft drives the drill bit to rotate one revolution in a plane parallel to the plane of the slider movement through the first component. The telescopic rod extends 2cm along the tunnel excavation direction. The first rotating shaft drives the drill bit to rotate once in a plane parallel to the slider movement plane, and then performs the second rotation of excavation. The above actions are repeated until the second tunnel model has been excavated 50cm on the side. Drill bit 9 returns to the starting point of the second tunnel model excavation. The multi-dimensional motion mechanism and telescopic rod work together to excavate the left contour of the second tunnel model, so as to reach the edge of the second tunnel model excavation. When excavating the upper part of the second tunnel model, the drill bit 9 is insufficient to reach the edge of the second tunnel model. At this time, the third shaft drives the second rod and the drill bit to rotate 90° clockwise, so that the drill bit can reach the edge of the upper part of the second tunnel model. The drill bit continues to work to realize the excavation of the upper left contour of the second tunnel model. Drill bit 9 moves into the first tunnel model on the right and repeats the above operation (rotating the drill bit counterclockwise 90°) to complete the excavation of the right contour of the second tunnel model, thus completing the excavation of the entire tunnel model.

[0053] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device, characterized in that, The system includes a base that supports a multi-dimensional motion mechanism. The multi-dimensional motion mechanism drives a slider to move laterally and vertically. The slider is connected to a linear drive mechanism that can extend and retract along the excavation direction of the tunnel model. The linear drive mechanism is connected to a rotating component. The rotating component includes a first rotating shaft connected to the movable end of the linear drive mechanism. The extension and retraction direction of the linear drive mechanism is perpendicular to the lateral movement direction of the slider. The first rotating shaft is connected to a first component. The first component is connected to a drill bit via a second rotating shaft. The second rotating shaft drives the drill bit to rotate in a plane perpendicular to the slider's movement plane. The central axis of the first rotating shaft is perpendicular to the central axis of the second rotating shaft. The first rotating shaft drives the drill bit to rotate via the first component. The first component includes a first frame and a second frame. The first frame is connected to the first rotating shaft. The first frame is connected to one end of the second frame via a third rotating shaft. The other end of the second frame is connected to the drill bit via the second rotating shaft. The first frame is a first rod, one end of which is hollow. A rotatable first gear shaft is provided in the hollow part of the first rod. The first gear shaft is connected to a first power source. The first gear shaft meshes with a first gear. The first gear is sleeved on the third rotating shaft. The central axis of the first rotating shaft is perpendicular to the central axis of the third rotating shaft. The second frame is a second rod, one end of which is hollow. A rotatable second gear shaft is installed in the hollow part of the second rod. The second gear shaft is connected to a second power source. The second gear shaft meshes with a second gear, and the second gear is sleeved on the second rotating shaft. The first power source and the second power source are each connected separately to the control component; The linear drive mechanism, the first rotating shaft, and the drill bit are each individually connected to the control assembly. The drill bit includes a drill bit power source and a drill bit body. The second rotating shaft is connected to the drill bit power source. The drill bit power source is detachably connected to the drill bit body. The drill bit power source is connected to the control component. The drill bit body includes a drill bit shaft connected to the drill bit power source. The drill bit body is provided with multiple cutting edges in the circumferential direction, and the length direction of the cutting edges is set along the central axis of the drill bit shaft. The linear drive mechanism includes a linear drive power source, which is located inside the housing and connected to the telescopic rod. The housing is fixed to the side of the slider. The control components include a controller, which is located inside the housing. A partition is installed inside the housing, and a fan is installed on one side of the partition. The fan is connected to a dust collection pipe, which passes through the housing and is connected to a dust collection nozzle located below the drill bit. The controller is connected to the computing terminal, which has a model generation system. The model generation system processes the tunnel model data to create a three-dimensional tunnel model. Based on the created three-dimensional tunnel model, the model generation system designs the excavation steps and converts them into instructions. The computing terminal sends instructions to the controller, which controls the movement of the multi-dimensional motion mechanism, linear drive mechanism, first rotating shaft, second rotating shaft, and drill bit according to the designed excavation steps.

2. The variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vacuum duct includes a rigid pipe that passes through the housing. A section of the rigid pipe that passes through the housing is a telescopic pipe that is connected to the telescopic rod of the linear drive mechanism. The rigid pipe is connected to a flexible hose that is fixed to the first component.

3. The variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multidimensional motion mechanism includes a support frame, the base is provided with the support frame, the support frame includes a vertical frame and a horizontal frame, the vertical frame supports the horizontal frame, the horizontal frame can move along the vertical frame, the horizontal frame is provided with the slider, the slider can move along the horizontal frame, and the slider is arranged around the horizontal frame; The vertical frame includes vertical rods fixed to both sides of the upper surface of the base. The vertical rods on both sides support the horizontal frame, which is a horizontal bar. The top of the vertical rods on both sides supports a fixing rod.

4. The variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The crossbar is provided with a third gear at each end, and a first rack that meshes with the third gear is provided along the length of the vertical bar. The third gear is connected to a third power source, and the third power source is connected to the control component. The slider is equipped with a fourth gear, and a second rack that meshes with the fourth gear is provided along the length of the crossbar. The fourth gear is connected to a fourth power source, and the fourth power source is connected to a control component.

5. The excavation method of the variable cross-section tunnel model test excavation device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following: The excavation of the first tunnel begins: the drill bit rotates to cut the soil, the linear drive mechanism extends towards the excavation face of the first tunnel to control the drilling depth, and the multi-dimensional motion mechanism drives the slider to move, thereby realizing the excavation of the first tunnel model; Excavation is carried out on the second tunnel model, which is located behind the first tunnel model, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the second tunnel model are larger than those of the first tunnel model. The second rotating shaft drives the drill bit to rotate 90° clockwise or counterclockwise in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the slider movement. The drill bit works so that it digs to the side. The first rotating shaft drives the drill bit to rotate one revolution in a plane parallel to the plane of the slider movement through the first component, so that the drill bit digs one revolution in the circumferential direction. The linear drive mechanism extends, and the first rotating shaft drives the drill bit to rotate one revolution in a plane parallel to the slider movement plane through the first component, thus performing a second revolution of digging; The second rotating shaft drives the drill bit back to the extension / retraction direction of the linear drive mechanism, and the drill bit continues to advance towards the tunneling face.

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