Device and method for lithium ion battery heat release smoke ignition experiment

Abstract

The application provides a lithium ion battery heat release smoke ignition experimental device and method, the lithium ion battery heat release smoke ignition experimental device, including a thermal safety experiment box; the thermal safety experiment box is internally provided with an ignition mechanism, a smoke sensor, a temperature sensor and a lithium ion battery, the thermal safety experiment box is externally provided with an ignition mechanism console, the ignition mechanism, the smoke sensor, the temperature sensor respectively transmit electric energy and deliver signals between the ignition mechanism console through wires. The ignition mechanism console can control the output voltage level of the electrode of the electric arc generator and the short circuit current size of the resistance wire on the short circuit generator, simulate the ignition condition of the battery heat release smoke. The experimental device and method can be used for studying the lithium ion power battery and the energy storage battery heat release smoke ignition mechanism and the fire behavior, and then providing the basis for the safety design and disaster prevention and control of the battery and system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of lithium-ion battery safety testing technology, and in particular to an experimental device and method for igniting thermal release fumes from lithium-ion batteries. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries, as a key technology in new energy, are widely used in various fields. However, during service, lithium-ion batteries suffer from thermal abuse, electrical abuse, and mechanical abuse due to the battery's operating environment, working conditions, and external forces. This abuse exacerbates internal side reactions and can even cause short circuits, releasing large amounts of heat and gas. As the battery temperature rises and internal side reactions occur, these high-temperature fumes and gases rapidly spread into the surrounding space. Therefore, in practical engineering applications, in addition to battery fires caused by direct thermal runaway of individual cells due to abuse, a significant proportion of fires are also caused by arcing in the power system inducing the combustion and explosion of battery thermal release fumes. These disasters and accidents seriously affect people's lives and property safety and hinder the application of lithium-ion batteries. To clarify the ignition and disaster mechanisms of lithium-ion battery thermal release fumes, it is urgent to develop experimental devices and methods for dynamically simulating various external ignition sources and their durations, in order to promote the safe application of lithium-ion battery technology in my country's energy storage and power battery fields.

[0003] Patent application number 202310258575.2 discloses a lithium-ion battery thermal runaway experimental system. This system consists of an experimental chamber and a thermal runaway component. The experimental chamber contains a data acquisition device, and the thermal runaway component includes a laser emitter and a mounting platform. The laser emitter emits a laser beam to heat the lithium-ion battery, thus inducing thermal runaway. This experimental system is simple in structure, easy to operate, and heats up quickly, improving the efficiency of thermal runaway experiments. However, this device is mainly used to heat lithium-ion batteries that have not yet experienced thermal runaway to induce thermal runaway and study their thermal runaway behavior; it cannot simulate the conditions and mechanisms of lithium-ion battery flue gas ignition.

[0004] Patent application number 202222586215.9 discloses an electric ignition device for oil and gas fire-driven combustion. This experimental device includes an electric ignition mechanism and a cooling system. The electric ignition mechanism is freely movable, and a water pump is controlled to cool it down, accelerating its cooling process and facilitating quick removal for ignition. While the device has ignition functionality, it is designed for oil and gas combustion and does not consider different ignition methods. Furthermore, it cannot adjust or control different ignition methods during the ignition process, making quantitative analysis of ignition experiments impossible and failing to meet the experimental requirements for studying the ignition mechanism of lithium-ion battery flue gas. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To simulate different ways of igniting the thermal release fumes of lithium-ion batteries, and to simulate the ignition mechanism and fire behavior of the thermal release fumes of lithium-ion batteries, this invention proposes an experimental device and method for igniting the thermal release fumes of lithium-ion batteries.

[0006] The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0007] An experimental device for igniting thermal release fumes from a lithium-ion battery includes a thermal safety test chamber. Inside the thermal safety test chamber are an ignition mechanism, a smoke sensor, a temperature sensor, and a lithium-ion battery. Outside the thermal safety test chamber is a control console for the ignition mechanism. The ignition mechanism, smoke sensor, and temperature sensor transmit electrical energy and signals to the control console via wires.

[0008] The ignition mechanism control panel is equipped with a high-voltage inverter, a high-voltage inverter knob, a sliding rheostat, a sliding rheostat knob, an arc switch, a resistance switch, a power cord interface, a display screen, and a control unit. The high-voltage inverter knob, the sliding rheostat knob, the arc switch, the resistance switch, the power cord interface, and the display screen are located on the outside of the ignition mechanism control panel, while the sliding rheostat, the high-voltage inverter, and the control unit are located on the inside of the ignition mechanism control panel.

[0009] The ignition mechanism is equipped with an arc generator, a short-circuit generator, and a fixing device; the arc generator and the short-circuit generator are relatively independent, and the arc generator and the short-circuit generator are respectively fixed inside the thermal safety test chamber by the fixing device;

[0010] The arc generator includes electrodes, an internal circuit, and an arc generator wire interface. The arc generator wire interface is connected to the high-voltage inverter and arc switch on the ignition mechanism control panel via wires. The high-voltage inverter is connected to the high-voltage inverter knob.

[0011] The short-circuit generator includes a resistance wire, an internal circuit, and a wire interface. The resistance wire is detachable. The wire interface is connected to a sliding rheostat and a resistance switch on the ignition mechanism control panel via a wire. The sliding rheostat is connected to a sliding rheostat knob.

[0012] The smoke sensor and temperature sensor are connected to the control unit via wires, and the control unit is connected to the display screen via wires.

[0013] The experimental method for igniting thermal release fumes from lithium-ion batteries includes the following steps:

[0014] During operation, lithium-ion battery abuse experiments are conducted in the thermal safety test chamber. After the lithium-ion battery thermally runs away and generates smoke in the thermal safety test chamber, the smoke concentration and temperature in the thermal safety test chamber increase. The smoke sensor and temperature sensor transmit the received signals to the control unit. The display screen receives the signals from the control unit and displays the real-time changes in smoke concentration and temperature information.

[0015] Rotating the high-voltage inverter knob adjusts the high-voltage inverter, which corresponds to controlling the voltage level at both ends of the electrodes of the arc generator; or rotating the sliding rheostat knob adjusts the sliding rheostat, which corresponds to controlling the current flowing through the resistance wire of the short-circuit generator, thus simulating and studying the heat generation behavior of different heat sources.

[0016] By inputting control commands through the display, the control unit can be set to the action duration of the arc switch or resistance switch, and the heat generation time of different heat sources can be simulated and studied.

[0017] Press the arc switch to shut off the circuit where the arc generator is located. The arc generator will turn on and off after a preset time. Alternatively, press the resistor switch to shut off the circuit where the short circuit generator is located. The short circuit generator will turn on and off after a preset time, thus completing the ignition of flue gas under different heat sources and action times.

[0018] The control unit records temperature data from the temperature sensor and smoke concentration data from the smoke sensor at various times. It also records the connection and operation times of the arc generator or short-circuit generator, as well as the voltage level between the electrodes of the arc generator or the magnitude of the short-circuit current flowing through the resistance wire of the short-circuit generator. These data are used to analyze the ignition patterns and underlying mechanisms of the thermal release smoke from lithium-ion batteries.

[0019] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. This invention ignites the pyroelectric gas from lithium-ion batteries using two different ignition methods, which can effectively simulate the phenomenon of accidental ignition of lithium-ion battery pyroelectric gas by electric arc and exposed external short-circuit wires when a new energy vehicle malfunctions or an energy storage power station experiences an accident.

[0021] 2. This invention can simulate electric arcs of different voltage levels and external short-circuit conductors of different current magnitudes, so as to facilitate the analysis of the influence of different ignition methods on the ignition behavior of battery thermal release smoke.

[0022] 3. This invention can monitor changes in flue gas concentration, simulate the relationship between flue gas concentration from different lithium-ion batteries and variables such as arc voltage level, short-circuit conductor current, and duration of action, and record temperature change data, flue gas change data, arc voltage level, short-circuit conductor current, and duration of action information, which can be used to analyze the ignition law and mechanism of flue gas from lithium-ion batteries under different factors.

[0023] 4. This invention can monitor temperature and flue gas changes through the ignition mechanism control console, and perform ignition operations away from the flue gas, ensuring the safety of experimental personnel, greatly simplifying the operation complexity, and improving efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a front view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a partial view of the ignition mechanism of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a front view of the ignition mechanism control console of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the ignition mechanism control console of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] The specific technical solution of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0031] During use, lithium-ion batteries may experience mechanical, electrical, and thermal abuse, leading to chemical reactions within the battery materials and the release of large amounts of fumes. Once the fumes reach a certain concentration, they are easily ignited, potentially triggering more severe thermal runaway. However, existing lithium-ion battery experimental setups primarily focus on triggering thermal runaway within the battery itself, lacking specific experimental devices and methods for simulating the ignition of thermal runaway fumes from lithium-ion batteries.

[0032] Therefore, as Figure 1 , Figure 2 This invention provides an experimental device for igniting thermal release smoke from a lithium-ion battery, comprising a thermal safety test chamber 1; the thermal safety test chamber 1 is equipped with an ignition mechanism 2, a smoke sensor 4, a temperature sensor 5, and a lithium-ion battery 6 inside, and an ignition mechanism control console 3 is provided outside the thermal safety test chamber 1. The ignition mechanism 2, the smoke sensor 4, and the temperature sensor 5 transmit electrical energy and signals to the ignition mechanism control console 3 through wires 7, respectively.

[0033] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the ignition mechanism control console 3 is equipped with a high-voltage inverter 39, a high-voltage inverter knob 35, a sliding rheostat 37, a sliding rheostat knob 34, an arc switch 32, a resistance switch 33, a power cord interface 36, a display screen 31, and a control unit 38. The high-voltage inverter knob 35, the sliding rheostat knob 34, the arc switch 32, the resistance switch 33, the power cord interface 36, and the display screen 31 are located on the outside of the ignition mechanism control console 3, while the sliding rheostat 37, the high-voltage inverter 39, and the control unit 38 are located on the inside of the ignition mechanism control console 3.

[0034] like Figure 3 The ignition mechanism 2 is equipped with an arc generator 21, a short-circuit generator 22, and a fixing device 23. The arc generator 21 and the short-circuit generator 22 are relatively independent, and their starting and control do not affect each other. The arc generator 21 and the short-circuit generator 22 are respectively fixed inside the thermal safety test chamber 1 by the fixing device 23. The positions of the arc generator 21 and the short-circuit generator 22 are adjusted by the fixing device 23 to better control the position of the electrode 211 and the resistance wire 221 from the lithium-ion battery 6.

[0035] The arc generator 21 includes an electrode 211, an internal circuit 212, and an arc generator wire interface 213. The arc generator wire interface 213 is connected to the high-voltage inverter 39 and the arc switch 32 on the ignition mechanism control panel 3 via a wire 7. The high-voltage inverter 39 is connected to the high-voltage inverter knob 35.

[0036] The short-circuit generator 22 includes a resistance wire 221, an internal circuit 222, and a wire interface 223. The resistance wire 221 is detachable. The wire interface 223 is connected to a sliding rheostat 37 and a resistance switch 33 on the ignition mechanism control panel 3 via a wire 7. The sliding rheostat 37 is connected to a sliding rheostat knob 34.

[0037] The smoke sensor 4 and temperature sensor 5 are connected to the control unit 38 via wires 7, and the control unit 38 is connected to the display screen 31.

[0038] Furthermore: the power cord interface 36 is used to connect to external AC or DC power, the display screen 31 is used to display smoke and temperature information measured by the smoke sensor 4 and temperature sensor 5, as well as time and other related information, the control unit 38 is used to process the relevant data of the smoke sensor 4 and temperature sensor 5, as well as the extended functions to be developed in the future, and the arc switch 32 and the resistor switch 33 are used to control the on and off of the arc generator 21 and the short circuit generator 22.

[0039] The arc generator's wire interface 213 is connected to the high-voltage inverter 39 and arc switch 32 on the ignition mechanism control panel 3 via wire 7. The high-voltage inverter 39 is connected to the high-voltage inverter knob 35. By rotating the high-voltage inverter knob 35, the output voltage of the high-voltage inverter 39 is adjusted. The current flows through the internal circuit 212 of the arc generator via wire 7, thereby changing the magnitude of the output voltage level at both ends of the electrode 211 of the arc generator 21. The scale of the high-voltage inverter knob 35 can be marked with the output voltage level at different rotation positions. The internal circuit 212 of the arc generator plays a protective and regulatory role for the arc generator 21.

[0040] The short-circuit generator's wire interface 223 is connected to the sliding rheostat 37 and resistance switch 33 on the ignition mechanism control panel 3 via wire 7. The sliding rheostat 37 is connected to the sliding rheostat knob 34. By rotating the sliding rheostat knob 34, the resistance of the sliding rheostat 37 is adjusted. The current flows through the internal circuit 222 of the short-circuit generator via wire 7, thereby controlling the current flowing through the resistance wire 221 of the short-circuit generator 22. The scale of the sliding rheostat knob 34 can be marked with the resistance values ​​at different rotation positions. The internal circuit 222 of the short-circuit generator plays a protective and regulatory role for the short-circuit generator 22. The resistance wire 221 has a detachable structure, which facilitates the replacement of different metal materials for experiments.

[0041] The smoke sensor 4 and temperature sensor 5 are connected to the control unit 38 via wire 7. The control unit 38 is connected to the display screen 31. The smoke sensor 4 and temperature sensor 5 measure the smoke and temperature changes inside the box and send data information to the control unit 38.

[0042] The method includes the following steps:

[0043] During operation, gas production begins after the lithium-ion battery 6 triggers thermal runaway. The concentration and temperature of the flue gas inside the thermal safety test chamber 1 increase, and the flue gas quickly spreads inside the thermal safety test chamber 1. The smoke sensor 4 and the temperature sensor 5 transmit the information on the smoke concentration and temperature to the control unit 38. The display screen 31 receives the signal from the control unit 38 and displays the real-time changes in smoke concentration and temperature. At the same time, the experimental phenomena inside the test chamber can be observed and photographed through the observation window of the thermal safety test chamber 1.

[0044] Rotate the high voltage inverter knob 35 to adjust the high voltage inverter 39, which corresponds to controlling the voltage level at both ends of the electrode 211 of the arc generator 21; or rotate the sliding rheostat knob 34 to adjust the sliding rheostat 37, which corresponds to controlling the current flowing through the resistance wire 221 of the short circuit generator 22.

[0045] By inputting control commands through the display 31, the control unit 38 sets the operating time of the arc switch 32 or the resistor switch 33. Pressing the arc switch 32 controls the arc generator 21 to be turned on, thus completing the flue gas ignition; pressing the resistor switch 33 short-circuits the generator 22 to be turned on, thus completing the flue gas ignition.

[0046] At the moment of ignition of the thermal release fumes from the lithium-ion battery, the coupling relationship between the fumes concentration and the voltage level between the electrodes 211 of the arc generator 21 and / or the magnitude of the short-circuit current flowing through the resistance wire 221 of the short-circuit generator 22 is determined using the temperature change relationship of the temperature sensor 5. By acquiring temperature data, fumes concentration data, and the time of the temperature rise change (i.e., the ignition moment data), the relationship between ignition conditions, voltage level, and short-circuit current magnitude is established, simulating the ignition law of the battery's thermal release fumes, which can be used for experimental analysis.

[0047] Working principle:

[0048] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0049] During operation, after the lithium-ion battery 6 experiences thermal runaway and generates smoke within the thermal safety test chamber 1, the smoke concentration and temperature inside the chamber increase. The smoke sensor 4 and temperature sensor 5, located inside the chamber, monitor these changes in smoke concentration and temperature. The ignition mechanism control panel 3 receives signals from the sensors and displays the relevant information on the display screen 31. Based on the information on the display screen 31 and the actual smoke phenomena observed through the observation window of the thermal safety test chamber 1, the operator can operate the ignition mechanism control panel 3. The sliding rheostat knob 34 adjusts the sliding rheostat 37, controlling the current flowing through the resistance wire 221. Simultaneously, the control unit 38 controls the activation time of the short-circuit generator 22. The resistor switch 33 is pressed to short-circuit the generator 22, completing the flue gas ignition. The high-voltage inverter knob 35 adjusts the high-voltage inverter 39 to control the voltage level at both ends of the electrode 211 of the arc generator 21. At the same time, the control unit 38 controls the action time of the arc generator 21 and presses the arc switch 32 to control the arc generator 21 to complete the flue gas ignition. By recording and analyzing relevant information such as temperature, flue gas concentration, voltage level, current magnitude, and temperature rise change time, the relationship between the thermal release flue gas ignition conditions and various variables is established.

[0050] The experimental apparatus and method for igniting lithium-ion battery thermal release fumes provided in this invention are simple in structure and easy to operate, providing a scientific experimental apparatus and method for simulating and studying the ignition law and fire behavior of lithium-ion battery thermal release fumes.

Claims

1. An experimental apparatus for igniting thermal release fumes from a lithium-ion battery, characterized in that, The thermal safety test chamber (1) is provided with an ignition mechanism (2), a smoke sensor (4), a temperature sensor (5) and a lithium-ion battery (6) inside the thermal safety test chamber (1). An ignition mechanism control console (3) is provided outside the thermal safety test chamber (1). The ignition mechanism (2), the smoke sensor (4) and the temperature sensor (5) transmit electrical energy and transmit signals to the ignition mechanism control console (3) through wires (7) respectively. The ignition mechanism control console (3) is equipped with a high-voltage inverter (39), a high-voltage inverter knob (35), a sliding rheostat (37), a sliding rheostat knob (34), an arc switch (32), a resistance switch (33), a power line interface (36), a display screen (31), and a control unit (38). The high-voltage inverter knob (35), the sliding rheostat knob (34), the arc switch (32), the resistance switch (33), the power line interface (36), and the display screen (31) are located on the outside of the ignition mechanism control console (3), while the sliding rheostat (37), the high-voltage inverter (39), and the control unit (38) are located inside the ignition mechanism control console (3). The ignition mechanism (2) is equipped with an arc generator (21), a short circuit generator (22) and a fixing device (23); the arc generator (21) and the short circuit generator (22) are relatively independent, and the arc generator (21) and the short circuit generator (22) are respectively fixed inside the thermal safety test chamber (1) by the fixing device (23); The arc generator (21) includes an electrode (211), an internal circuit (212) of the arc generator, and an arc generator wire interface (213). The arc generator wire interface (213) is connected to the high voltage inverter (39) and the arc switch (32) on the ignition mechanism control panel (3) via a wire (7). The high voltage inverter (39) is connected to the high voltage inverter knob (35). The short-circuit generator (22) includes a resistance wire (221), an internal circuit (222) of the short-circuit generator, and a short-circuit generator wire interface (223). The resistance wire (221) is a detachable structure. The short-circuit generator wire interface (223) is connected to the sliding rheostat (37) and the resistance switch (33) on the ignition mechanism control panel (3) via a wire (7). The sliding rheostat (37) is connected to the sliding rheostat knob (34).

2. The experimental apparatus for igniting lithium-ion battery thermal release flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The smoke sensor (4) and temperature sensor (5) are connected to the control unit (38) via wires (7), and the control unit (38) is connected to the display screen (31).

3. An experimental method for igniting thermal release fumes from lithium-ion batteries, characterized in that, The method using the lithium-ion battery thermal release flue gas ignition experimental apparatus according to claim 2 includes the following steps: During operation, a lithium-ion battery abuse experiment is conducted in the thermal safety test chamber (1). After the lithium-ion battery (6) generates smoke due to thermal runaway in the thermal safety test chamber (1), the smoke concentration and temperature in the thermal safety test chamber (1) increase. The smoke sensor (4) and temperature sensor (5) transmit the received signals to the control unit (38). The display screen (31) receives the signal from the control unit (38) and displays the real-time smoke concentration and temperature information. Rotate the high voltage inverter knob (35) to adjust the high voltage inverter (39), which corresponds to controlling the voltage level at both ends of the electrode (211) of the arc generator (21), or rotate the sliding rheostat knob (34) to adjust the sliding rheostat (37), which corresponds to controlling the current flowing through the resistance wire (221) of the short circuit generator (22), and simulate the heat generation behavior of different heat sources. By inputting control commands through the operation display (31), the control unit (38) is set to the corresponding arc switch (32) or resistor switch (33) operation time, and the heat generation time of different heat sources is simulated and studied. Press the arc switch (32) to close the circuit where the arc generator (21) is located. The arc generator (21) will turn on and off after a preset time. Or press the resistor switch (33) to close the circuit where the short circuit generator (22) is located. The short circuit generator (22) will turn on and off after a preset time, thus completing the ignition of flue gas under different heat sources and action times. The control unit (38) records the temperature data information of the temperature sensor (5) and the smoke concentration data information of the smoke sensor (4) at various times. The control unit (38) records the connection and operation time of the arc generator (21) or the short circuit generator (22). The control unit (38) records the voltage level between the electrodes (211) of the arc generator (21) or the magnitude of the short circuit current flowing through the resistance wire (221) of the short circuit generator (22) to analyze the ignition law and internal mechanism of the thermal release smoke of the lithium-ion battery.

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