Data transmission method and apparatus, computer-readable medium, and electronic device

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application provide a data transmission method, device, computer readable medium and electronic device. The data transmission method comprises: receiving network state information of a radio access network side reported by an access network element; receiving network transmission characteristics between the access network element and a core network gateway sent by a core network element; detecting network transmission characteristics between an application server and the core network gateway; and adjusting parameters of service data packets to be transmitted according to the network state information of the radio access network side, the network transmission characteristics between the access network element and the core network gateway, and the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway. The technical solution of the embodiments of the present application can ensure that the parameters of the service data packets are adjusted to adapt to the end-to-end network transmission, thereby meeting the QoS requirements and improving the service experience.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the fields of computer and communication technology, and more specifically, to a data transmission method, apparatus, computer-readable medium, and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] In 5G and its evolved forms, high-bandwidth interactive services are important service types, such as cloud gaming, VR (Virtual Reality), AR (Augmented Reality), MR (Mixed Reality), XR (Extended Reality), and CR (Cinematic Reality).

[0003] The data packets of these interactive services often have a certain periodicity during transmission. Wireless networks can improve the efficiency of time-frequency resources by using SPS (Semi-Persistent Scheduling) or C-DRX (Connected-Discontinuous Reception) mechanisms to take advantage of these periodicities. However, adopting these mechanisms may not meet QoS (Quality of Service) requirements and affect the service experience. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The embodiments of this application provide a data transmission method, apparatus, computer-readable medium, and electronic device, which can ensure compatibility with end-to-end network transmission conditions by adjusting the parameters of service data packets, thereby meeting QoS requirements and improving service experience.

[0005] Other features and advantages of this application will become apparent from the following detailed description, or may be learned in part from practice of this application.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a data transmission method, comprising: receiving network status information from the radio access network side reported by an access network element; receiving network transmission characteristics between the access network element and the core network gateway sent by a core network element; detecting network transmission characteristics between an application server and the core network gateway; and adjusting parameters of the service data packet to be transmitted based on the network status information from the radio access network side, the network transmission characteristics between the access network element and the core network gateway, and the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway.

[0007] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a data transmission method, comprising: receiving network status information from the radio access network side reported by an access network element; receiving network transmission characteristics between the access network element and the core network gateway sent by a core network element; detecting network transmission characteristics between an application server and the core network gateway; and adjusting parameters of a service data packet to be transmitted based on at least one of the network status information from the radio access network side, the network transmission characteristics between the access network element and the core network gateway, and the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway.

[0008] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a data transmission apparatus, comprising: a receiving unit configured to receive network status information from the radio access network side reported by an access network element, and to receive network transmission characteristics between the access network element and the core network gateway sent by a core network element; a detection unit configured to detect network transmission characteristics between an application server and the core network gateway; and an adjustment unit configured to adjust parameters of the service data packet to be transmitted based on the network status information from the radio access network side, the network transmission characteristics between the access network element and the core network gateway, and the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway.

[0009] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the data transmission method as described in the above embodiments.

[0010] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, including: one or more processors; and a storage device for storing one or more computer programs, which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to implement the data transmission method as described in the above embodiments.

[0011] Sixthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product comprising a computer program stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of an electronic device reads from and executes the computer program from the computer-readable storage medium, causing the electronic device to perform the data transmission methods provided in the various alternative embodiments described above.

[0012] In some embodiments of this application, the application function entity receives network status information from the radio access network side reported by the access network element, and network transmission characteristics between the access network element and the core network gateway sent by the core network element. Simultaneously, it detects the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway. Based on the network status information from the radio access network side, the network transmission characteristics between the access network element and the core network gateway, and the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway, the entity adjusts the parameters of the service data packets to be transmitted. This allows the application layer (i.e., the application function entity and / or the application server) to understand the network transmission status with the user equipment. By adjusting the parameters of the service data packets, it ensures compatibility with the network transmission status, thereby meeting QoS requirements and improving the service experience.

[0013] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an exemplary system architecture to which the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application can be applied is shown;

[0015] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the transmission process of a multimedia data packet according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0016] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the system architecture of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0017] Figure 4 A schematic diagram comparing the delay jitter distribution of a service data packet transmission process according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0018] Figure 5 A flowchart of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0019] Figure 6 A flowchart of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0020] Figure 7 A flowchart of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0021] Figure 8 An interactive flowchart of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0022] Figure 9 A block diagram of a data transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0023] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the structure of a computer system suitable for implementing the electronic device of the present application is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0024] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in a more comprehensive manner with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the exemplary embodiments can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to these examples; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this application will be more comprehensive and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art.

[0025] Furthermore, the features, structures, or characteristics described in this application can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Numerous specific details are provided in the following description to provide a full understanding of the embodiments of this application. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that when implementing the technical solutions of this application, not all the detailed features in the embodiments may be used, one or more specific details may be omitted, or other methods, elements, devices, steps, etc., may be employed.

[0026] The block diagrams shown in the accompanying drawings are merely functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically independent entities. That is, these functional entities can be implemented in software, in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different network and / or processor devices and / or microcontroller devices.

[0027] The flowcharts shown in the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative and do not necessarily include all content and operations / steps, nor do they necessarily have to be performed in the described order. For example, some operations / steps can be broken down, while others can be combined or partially combined; therefore, the actual execution order may change depending on the specific circumstances.

[0028] It should be noted that "multiple" in this article refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0029] With the development of 5G (5th-Generation, fifth-generation mobile communication technology), many multimedia services requiring high data volume and low latency have been applied. These include cloud gaming, VR, AR, MR, XR, CR, and other interactive services.

[0030] Specifically, in Figure 1In the cloud gaming scenario shown, cloud server 101 runs the cloud game. Cloud server 101 renders the game screen, encodes the audio signals and rendered images, and finally transmits the encoded data to various game clients via the network. The game client can be a user device with basic streaming media playback capabilities, human-computer interaction capabilities, and communication capabilities, such as a smartphone, tablet, laptop, desktop computer, smart TV, smart home device, in-vehicle terminal, or aircraft; or the game client can be an application running on a terminal device. Specifically, the game client can decode the encoded data transmitted by cloud server 101 to obtain analog audio and video signals, and then play them.

[0031] It should be understood that, Figure 1 This is merely an exemplary representation of the system architecture of a cloud gaming system and does not limit the specific architecture of the cloud gaming system; for example, in other embodiments, the cloud gaming system may also include a backend server for scheduling, etc. Furthermore, the cloud server 101 can be an independent physical server, a server cluster composed of multiple physical servers, or a distributed system. It can also be a cloud server providing basic cloud computing services such as cloud services, cloud databases, cloud computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network services, cloud communication, middleware services, domain name services, security services, CDN (Content Delivery Network), and big data and artificial intelligence platforms. The game client and the cloud server 101 can be directly or indirectly connected via wired or wireless communication, which is not limited herein.

[0032] In the aforementioned multimedia-based interactive service application scenarios, due to the large size of multimedia data packets, they need to be split into multiple data packets for transmission. Specifically, such as... Figure 2 As shown, in a 5G system, the user plane mainly includes the application server, UPF (User Plane Function), base station (next generation nodeB, or gNB), and UE (User Equipment). Multimedia data packet transmission primarily occurs in the downlink direction for some typical service scenarios, such as from the application server to the UPF, and then to the UE via the gNB. During transmission, multimedia data packets (in...) Figure 2(Taking XR data packets as an example) The data packets are split at the application layer of the application server. After the split data packets arrive at the UPF as IP packets from the application server, the 5G system transmits the sub-data packets to the UE through the PDU (Protocol Data Unit) session. At the UE, the data packets are submitted and reassembled from the protocol stack to recover the multimedia data packets.

[0033] Among them, Figure 2 In the system shown, L1 refers to the physical layer, which ensures that raw data can be transmitted over various physical media; L2 refers to the data link layer, which provides services to the network layer based on the services provided by the physical layer; the IP (Internet Protocol) layer is the network layer, used to realize data transmission between two end systems; UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol; GTP-U stands for GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) Tunneling Protocol; PHY stands for Physical; MAC stands for Media Access Control; RLC stands for Radio Link Control; PDCP stands for Packet Data Convergence Protocol; and SDAP stands for Service Data Adaptation Protocol.

[0034] As mentioned earlier, for multimedia services, such as XRM (XR and Media Services), it is common to divide a single multimedia data packet into multiple packets for transmission. A single multimedia service frame or a group of packets (GOP) may also have a large byte size, requiring a series of IP (Internet Protocol) packets to carry it. These IP packets have a certain correlation, and processing these messages based on this correlation can effectively save wireless network bandwidth. Some XRM service flows are periodic, for example, they may be 60 / 90 / 120 FPS (Frames Per Second) data packets, and the resulting video frames will generate data packets at approximately 16.67ms / 11.11ms / 8.33ms time intervals. Utilizing these periodic characteristics, wireless networks can improve time-frequency resource efficiency, for example, by adopting SPS (Semi-Persistent Scheduling) or C-DRX (Connected-Discontinuous Reception) mechanisms based on the periodicity of XRM services. However, this approach is predicated on the 5G system already knowing that the XRM service flow is periodic.

[0035] The C-DRX in this embodiment is a discontinuous reception mode in connected state, which allows the UE to periodically enter sleep state and not detect PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel). When detection is needed, it wakes up from sleep state, thereby saving power.

[0036] In one embodiment, the Application Function (AF) / Application Server (AS) can directly provide the periodicity information and latency jitter distribution characteristics of the service flow to the 5G system. When data packets arrive at the base station for wireless network scheduling and transmission, the base station configures C-DRX based on the periodicity and latency jitter distribution characteristics of the data packets. However, the base station cannot directly know whether the configured C-DRX parameters can meet the QoS requirements of the application layer, or how to meet those requirements. In particular, if the AF / AS cannot adjust the service flow characteristics of the application layer in a timely manner, there may be situations where QoS cannot be guaranteed even if the radio side adjusts the C-DRX configuration. For example, if data arrives during the C-DRX off period (i.e., Opportunity for DRX, i.e., the sleep period), the off state may prematurely enter the on state (i.e., On Duration, i.e., the active state), causing C-DRX to fail. Alternatively, even if the C-DRX off time is not reduced, data outside the periodicity may experience delays or increases due to DRX configuration, which will also affect the implementation of application layer QoS guarantees.

[0037] Therefore, in one embodiment of this application, the RAN (Radio Access Network) side, i.e., gNB and / or UE, can report the network status parameters of the radio access network side to the AF / AS. The core network side can associate network transmission characteristics per-UE and send them to the AF / AS. At the same time, the AF / AS can measure and predict the link characteristics with the UPF, thereby understanding the end-to-end network transmission characteristics from the AF to the UE, and then adjusting parameters affecting the rate, such as the frame rate and resolution of service data packets, to achieve flexible adaptation of service data packets to network status, ultimately achieving the goal of optimizing service experience.

[0038] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, AF / AS can implement the control plane functions of third-party application servers, interacting via AF-NEF (Network Exposure Function)-PCF (Policy Control Function) or AF-PCF. The AF / AS entity can also implement the user plane functions of third-party application servers, i.e., the AS-IP transport network-UPF interface. It should be noted that... Figure 3 In the system architecture shown, the 5GS gateway can be a UPF, an entity responsible for capability openness in the control plane such as a NEF or PCF, or a router / switch node deployed between the 5GS and the external network.

[0039] In the embodiments of this application, the IP transmission network can be implemented via wired or wireless means, such as a metropolitan area network, access network, or wide area network based on an optical network, depending on the topology between the 5GC (5G Core) boundary and the third-party application server. Since 5G networks employ a network architecture that favors UPF (User Provider Frame) deployment, if the AF / AS (Action Center / Agent) is located at the edge, and the UPF is also deployed to that edge location, the topological distance between the 5GC boundary (i.e., the UPF at the edge) and the AF / AS can be shortened. However, the AF / AS may also be located in the central cloud; in this case, UPF deployment does not solve the problem. Therefore, the impact of the IP transmission network between the third-party server and the 5GC boundary (i.e., the UPF) on service flow transmission cannot be ignored.

[0040] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, the characteristics of AF / AS application-side data packets can be, for example, periodic video frames. During transmission, these frames are segmented into multiple IP data packets, which can form a PDU set. In this case, the latency jitter distribution of the IP data packets is relatively small. However, because these IP data packets need to be transmitted between the third-party server AS and the 5GS gateway, the latency jitter distribution of these IP data packets will increase when they reach the UPF. Figure 4 As shown, the increased latency between IP packets within a PDU set leads to a longer reception time for that PDU set. Therefore, in this embodiment, the AF / AS can measure and predict the link characteristics with the UPF to understand the end-to-end network transmission characteristics from the AF to the UE.

[0041] Meanwhile, as a third-party application provider, AF / AS is also a node for generating (downlink multimedia data in cloud rendering) or forwarding multimedia service data packets such as XR. Therefore, AF / AS can adjust parameters such as resolution and frame rate of multimedia service data packets such as XR according to the end-to-end network transmission characteristics, so that the transmission of application layer service data packets can be adapted to the end-to-end network transmission conditions, thereby meeting QoS requirements and improving the service experience.

[0042] The implementation details of the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application are described in detail below:

[0043] Figure 5 A flowchart of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of this application is shown. This data transmission method can be executed by an application layer network element, such as an application field (AF). (Refer to...) Figure 5 As shown, the data transmission method may include S510 to S540, which are described in detail below:

[0044] In step S510, network status information from the radio access network side reported by the access network element is received.

[0045] In some optional embodiments, the network status information reported by the access network element on the radio access network side may include network status information reported by the base station and network status information reported by the UE.

[0046] Optionally, the network status information on the radio access network side includes at least one of the following: the scheduling and transmission strategy adopted for periodic service data packets, the application layer service requirements of the user equipment, and the network status in the serving cell where the user equipment is located.

[0047] In some optional embodiments, the scheduling and transmission strategy adopted for periodic service data packets may include C-DRX configuration parameters or SPS configuration parameters. Optionally, the C-DRX configuration parameters include at least one of the following: C-DRX period, the active duration (i.e., On Duration duration) and sleep duration (i.e., Opportunity for DRX duration) contained in a single C-DRX period.

[0048] In some optional embodiments, the application layer service requirements of the user equipment include at least one of the following: information about applications running on the user equipment that need to be perceived by the application server (such as AF and / or AS), and information about applications running on the user equipment that do not need to be perceived by the application server. In this embodiment, the reason why the user equipment needs to report information about applications that do not need to be perceived by the application server is that although these applications do not need to be perceived by the application server, if these applications generate traffic, they can still affect the validity of the C-DRX configuration. Therefore, information about applications that do not need to be perceived by the application server can also be reported to the application layer so that the application layer can perform rate adjustment adaptation for all applications on the UE, thereby ensuring the validity of the C-DRX configuration and meeting QoS requirements.

[0049] In some optional embodiments, the network status in the serving cell where the user equipment is located includes at least one of the following: the radio link status in the serving cell, the occupancy of time and frequency resources in the serving cell, and the load information of the serving cell.

[0050] Optionally, the radio link status in the serving cell can be measured using parameters such as SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio), RSRP (Reference Signal Receiving Power), RSRQ (Reference Signal Receiving Quality), and RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication). The occupancy of time-frequency resources in the serving cell is used to indicate the resource congestion status of the serving cell.

[0051] Optionally, the load information of the serving cell can be measured based on the total number of PRBs (Physical Resource Blocks) and the number of remaining available PRBs in the serving cell. For example, if the percentage of remaining available PRBs is low (e.g., less than 1 / 3), it indicates that the load of the serving cell is high; conversely, if the percentage of remaining available PRBs is high (e.g., greater than 2 / 3), it indicates that the load of the serving cell is low.

[0052] In step S520, the network transmission characteristics between the access network element and the core network gateway are received from the core network element.

[0053] In some optional embodiments, the network transmission characteristics between the access network element and the core network gateway sent by the core network element can be per-user equipment (Per-UE). Specifically, the core network element can determine the network transmission characteristics between the base station equipment and the user plane functional entity for each user equipment based on the transmission links between the base station equipment and the user plane functional entity, the transmission links between multiple user plane functional entities that forward data, and the Protocol Data Unit (PDU) sessions and Quality of Service (QoS) flows established for each user equipment.

[0054] Specifically, the access network element can be a base station, and the core network gateway can be a UPF. According to the architecture of the 5G system, after the service data packets generated by the AS are sent, they can be transmitted to the access network via UPF-gNB, or via PSA (PDU Session Anchor) UPF-I-UPF (Initial-UPF)-gNB. The interface between the UPF and gNB is the N3 interface, and the interface between UPFs is the N9 interface.

[0055] Therefore, core network elements can determine the network transmission characteristics between base station equipment and user plane functional entities for each user equipment based on the transmission link between gNB and UPF (i.e., N3 interface link), the transmission link between multiple user plane functional entities that forward data (i.e., N9 interface link), and the PDU sessions and quality of service flows (i.e. QoS flow) established for each user equipment.

[0056] Continue to refer to Figure 5 As shown, in step S530, the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway are detected.

[0057] Optionally, the core network gateway is a boundary device of the core network, such as a UPF.

[0058] In some optional embodiments, the process of detecting the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway may involve dynamically detecting the transmission link between the application server and the core network gateway; then, based on the results of the dynamic detection of the transmission link, determining the changes in the transmission bandwidth and latency of the transmission link, which are the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway.

[0059] In some optional embodiments, the process of detecting the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway can be based on the Service Level Agreement (SLA) between the application server and the core network to determine the network transmission characteristics between them. This embodiment's technical solution allows for the direct determination of the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway based on the SLA agreement when the transmission link between the AF / AS and the core network has an SLA agreement.

[0060] In some optional embodiments, before determining the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway based on the Service Level Agreement (SLA) between the application server and the core network, it is possible to first assess whether the SLA affects the latency jitter distribution characteristics of service data packets. If the SLA affects the latency jitter distribution characteristics of service data packets, then the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway are determined based on the SLA. If the SLA does not affect the latency jitter distribution characteristics of service data packets, then the transmission link between the application server and the core network gateway can be dynamically detected, and then the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway can be determined based on the results of the dynamic detection of the transmission link.

[0061] In some optional embodiments, the process of detecting network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway can be as follows: Based on the Service Level Agreement (SLA) between the application server and the core network, dynamically detect the transmission link between them to obtain changes in bandwidth and latency. In this embodiment, although the SLA specifies the service level between the application server and the core network, the actual network conditions may be better than the SLA specifies. In this case, the SLA can be used as a reference to achieve more targeted network transmission characteristic detection, thereby improving the accuracy of network transmission characteristic detection.

[0062] In some optional embodiments, the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway may include the impact of the transmission link between the application server and the core network gateway on the periodic information and latency jitter distribution characteristics of the transmitted service data packets.

[0063] In step S540, the parameters of the service data packets to be transmitted are adjusted based on the network status information of the wireless access network side, the network transmission characteristics between the access network element and the core network gateway, and the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway.

[0064] In some optional embodiments, the parameters of the service data packet to be transmitted may include at least one of the following: the frame rate of the service data packet, the resolution of the service data packet, and the period of the service data packet.

[0065] Optionally, adjusting the parameters of the service data packets to be transmitted can be done by adjusting the period of the service data packets to be transmitted to an integer multiple of the C-DRX period, so as to ensure that the period of the service data packets can match the C-DRX period, thereby ensuring the effectiveness of C-DRX.

[0066] Figure 6 A flowchart of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 5 Based on S510 to S540 shown, the following steps may also be included:

[0067] Step S610: Detect whether the service data packets transmitted between the application server and the access network element meet the quality of service requirements during transmission.

[0068] Optionally, detecting whether the service data packets transmitted between the application server and the access network element meet the quality of service requirements during transmission can be done by detecting whether the service data packets transmitted between the application server and the UE meet the quality of service requirements during transmission, i.e., detecting whether the end-to-end data transmission meets the quality of service requirements.

[0069] Optionally, access network elements (such as base stations) can detect whether the service data packets transmitted between the application server and the access network elements meet the quality of service (QoS) requirements during transmission. If the QoS requirements are not met, an indication message can be sent to the application function entity. Alternatively, the application function entity can also proactively detect whether the service data packets meet the QoS requirements during transmission by collecting transmission feedback parameters and network characteristics of the service data packets.

[0070] Step S620: If the service data packets transmitted between the application server and the access network element do not meet the quality of service requirements during transmission, the parameters of the service data packets to be transmitted are readjusted based on the network status information of the radio access network side, the network transmission characteristics between the access network element and the core network gateway, and the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway.

[0071] Optionally, the process of readjusting the parameters of the service data packets to be transmitted, including the network status information on the wireless access network side, the network transmission characteristics between the access network element and the core network gateway, and the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway, can be repeated multiple times until the service data packets transmitted between the application server and the access network element meet the quality of service requirements during transmission after the parameters of the service data packets to be transmitted are readjusted.

[0072] Step S630: Data transmission is performed according to the parameters of the readjusted service data packet.

[0073] Figure 5 and Figure 6 The technical solution of the illustrated embodiment enables the application layer (i.e., application function entities and / or application servers) to grasp the network transmission status with user devices, and then adjust the parameters of service data packets to ensure compatibility with the network transmission status, thereby meeting QoS requirements and improving the service experience.

[0074] It should be noted that in the technical solutions of the foregoing embodiments, the application layer adjusts the parameters of the service data packets to be transmitted based on the network status information of the radio access network side, the network transmission characteristics between the access network element and the core network gateway, and the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway. In other embodiments of this application, the application layer may also adjust the parameters of the service data packets to be transmitted based on one or two of the following: the network status information of the radio access network side, the network transmission characteristics between the access network element and the core network gateway, and the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway. For example, the parameters of the service data packets to be transmitted may be adjusted based solely on the network status information of the radio access network side.

[0075] The following combination Figure 7 and Figure 8 The implementation details of the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail again:

[0076] Figure 7 A flowchart of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of this application is shown, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0077] S710, the RAN side reports the network status parameters of the radio side to the AF / AS.

[0078] In some optional embodiments, the parameters reported by the RAN side include, but are not limited to: C-DRX periodic configuration parameters; UE application layer service requirements; UE radio link status in the current cell; cell resource congestion status, etc.

[0079] Optionally, C-DRX cycle configuration parameters include C-DRX cycle, on (i.e., On Duration, during activation) and off (i.e., Opportunity for DRX, during hibernation) durations, etc.

[0080] The advantage of reporting C-DRX parameters to AF / AS is that the periodic configuration parameters of C-DRX are subject to certain constraints when setting the period, and cannot be adjusted flexibly; while the application layer can adjust the granularity of frame rate, period, etc. more flexibly. Therefore, after receiving the C-DRX period configuration, AF / AS can adapt to the C-DRX period by adjusting the frame rate, period, etc. of the application layer. The principle of adaptation is that the period of the application layer frame is an integer multiple of the C-DRX period.

[0081] Optionally, the application layer service requirement of the UE can be whether the application installed on the UE needs to be aware of AF / AS or not. If it needs to be aware of AF / AS, then AF / AS is required, that is, the application server needs to be aware of the application; if it does not need to be aware of AF / AS, then the application does not need to be aware of AF / AS, that is, the application server needs to be aware of these applications.

[0082] It should be noted that some applications on the UE need to be aware of by the AF / AS, while others do not. Applications that do not require AF / AS awareness can still affect the validity of the C-DRX configuration if they generate traffic. Therefore, for scenarios where AF / AS needs to adjust rates to adapt to C-DRX, the UE must report all application information to the AF / AS.

[0083] After the UE reports its application information to the AF / AS, the AF / AS adjusts the data packet rates for multimedia services such as XR for all applications on the UE. In other words, the AF / AS has control over the sending and receiving of all applications on the UE, thus ensuring the effectiveness of the C-DRX configuration.

[0084] Optionally, the radio link state of the UE in the current cell can be characterized by parameters such as SINR, RSRP, RSRQ, and RSSI of the serving cell in which the UE is currently located. The information reported by the UE may also include cell load, which can be measured by the total number of PRBs and the number of remaining available PRBs.

[0085] S720: The core network side associates network transmission characteristics per-UE and then sends them to the AF / AS.

[0086] Optionally, after the service data packets generated by the AS are sent, they can be transmitted to the access network via UPF-gNB or via PSA UPF-I-UPF-gNB. The interface between the UPF and gNB is the N3 interface, and the interface between UPFs is the N9 interface. Therefore, the core network can detect the characteristics of the N3 interface link between the gNB and UPF, and the N9 interface link between UPFs, and combine this with the per-UE PDU session and QoS flow established for each UE to analyze and statistically analyze the network transmission characteristics of the N3 and N9 interface links.

[0087] In some embodiments of this application, network transmission characteristics refer to the impact of network transmission on the periodicity and latency jitter distribution characteristics of the service flows generated by the AF / AS. Specifically, the periodic service flows generated by the AF / AS are sent in burst mode. After arriving at the UPF from the AF / AS, the impact is considered during the transmission process from the UPF to the gNB or from the PSA UPF to the UPF to the gNB. Ideally, the N3 interface link or the N3+N9 interface link has a smaller impact on the periodicity or latency jitter distribution. If the latency jitter distribution has a smaller impact, the data packets arriving at the gNB will still maintain a relatively concentrated burst mode. The size of these bursts directly affects the on (active period) duration of the C-DRX configuration.

[0088] S730, AF / AS measures and predicts the link characteristics between the UPF and the UPF.

[0089] In some optional embodiments, the AF / AS detects the link between itself and the UPF to obtain network transmission characteristics. These characteristics refer to the impact of network transmission on the periodicity and latency jitter distribution of the service flows generated by the AF / AS. Specifically, the periodic service flows generated by the AF / AS are sent in burst mode, and the impact on them during transmission from the AF / AS to the UPF is considered. A relatively ideal AF / AS-UPF transmission link has a smaller impact on periodicity or latency jitter distribution. If the latency jitter distribution has a small impact, the data packets arriving at the UPF will still maintain a relatively concentrated burst mode. Under ideal conditions, with a relatively ideal transmission link between the UPF and gNB, both periodicity and burst mode can still be maintained.

[0090] In S740, the AF / AS adjusts the parameters of service data packets according to the end-to-end network transmission characteristics between the UE and the application layer, so that the application layer parameters are adapted to the network state.

[0091] Specifically, after the AF / AS measures and predicts the link characteristics between itself and the UPF, it can combine the data sent by the RAN side and the core network side to understand the end-to-end network transmission characteristics from the AF to the UE. Then, it can adjust the application layer parameters according to the C-DRX and radio link configuration, so that the adjustment and adaptation of the application layer can be consistent with the network side, and ultimately achieve the goal of optimizing the service experience.

[0092] It should be noted that the embodiments of this application... Figure 7 The execution order of S710 to S730 shown is not specifically limited. In specific implementation, it can be performed according to... Figure 7 They can be executed in the order shown, or simultaneously, or in any order.

[0093] Figure 7 One interactive flow of the technical solution shown is as follows: Figure 8 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0094] S801, the UE reports application information to the AF / AS, including applications that require AF / AS awareness and applications that do not require AF / AS awareness.

[0095] Optionally, since traffic generated by applications that do not require AF / AS awareness can still affect the effectiveness of C-DRX configuration, it's crucial to address situations where AF / AS needs to adjust rates to adapt to C-DRX. In such cases, the UE can report all application information to the AF / AS. Once the UE's application information is reported to the AF / AS, the AF / AS adjusts the rates of multimedia service data packets (such as XR) for all applications on the UE. In other words, the AF / AS has control over the transmission and reception of all applications on the UE, thus ensuring the effectiveness of the C-DRX configuration.

[0096] S802, AF / AS actively detects the link characteristics between the AF and UPF.

[0097] Optionally, the AF / AS can actively detect the link characteristics between itself and the UPF by dynamically detecting the transmission link between the AF / AS and the UPF, and then determining the changes in the transmission bandwidth and delay of the transmission link based on the results of the dynamic detection of the transmission link, and using these changes in transmission bandwidth and delay as the link characteristics between the AF / AS and the UPF.

[0098] S803, 5GC actively detects the link characteristics between the gNB and the network.

[0099] Optionally, the 5GC's active detection of link characteristics between the gNB and the UPF mainly involves detecting the link characteristics between the UPF and the gNB. As mentioned earlier, after the service data packets generated by the AS are sent, they can be transmitted to the access network via UPF-gNB or via PSA UPF-I-UPF-gNB. The interface between the UPF and gNB is the N3 interface, and the interface between UPFs is the N9 interface. Therefore, the 5GC network element can detect the characteristics of the N3 interface link between the gNB and the UPF, as well as the N9 interface link between UPFs. Furthermore, it can combine this with the per-UE PDU sessions and QoS flows established for each UE to analyze and statistically analyze the network transmission characteristics of the N3 and N9 interface links.

[0100] S804, AF / AS obtains the link characteristics between itself and the RAN, including the link characteristics between AF / AS and UPF, and between UPF and gNB.

[0101] S805, UE and gNB report parameters such as C-DRX and radio link quality to AF / AS.

[0102] Optionally, the C-DRX cycle configuration parameters reported by the gNB include the C-DRX cycle, on and off durations, etc.

[0103] The radio link quality and other parameters reported by the UE can be characterized by parameters such as SINR, RSRP, RSRQ, and RSSI of the serving cell in which the UE is currently located. The information reported by the UE may also include cell load, where cell load can be measured by the total number of PRBs and the number of remaining available PRBs.

[0104] S806, AF / AS adjusts application layer parameters based on end-to-end link characteristic parameters, C-DRX, and radio link configuration.

[0105] Specifically, after the AF / AS measures and predicts the link characteristics between itself and the UPF, it can combine the data sent by the RAN side and the core network side to understand the end-to-end network transmission characteristics from the AF to the UE. Then, it can adjust the application layer parameters according to the C-DRX and radio link configuration, so that the adjustment and adaptation of the application layer can be consistent with the network side, and ultimately achieve the goal of optimizing the service experience.

[0106] S807 performs end-to-end detection of QoS metrics and power-saving parameters. If they do not meet the requirements, it promptly triggers AF / AS to adjust application layer parameters.

[0107] Optionally, the process of triggering AF / AS to adjust application layer parameters can be repeated multiple times until the end-to-end detection QoS indicators and power saving parameters meet the requirements after the application-side parameters are readjusted.

[0108] The technical solutions of the above embodiments of this application enable the RAN side to report network status parameters from the radio access network side to the AF / AS, and the core network side to associate network transmission characteristics per-UE and send them to the AF / AS. Simultaneously, the AF / AS can measure and predict the link characteristics with the UPF, thereby understanding the end-to-end network transmission characteristics from the AF to the UE. This allows for adjustments to parameters affecting the data rate, such as frame rate and resolution, of service data packets, achieving flexible adaptation between service data packets and network status, ultimately optimizing the service experience.

[0109] The following describes an apparatus embodiment of this application, which can be used to execute the data transmission method in the above embodiments of this application. For details not disclosed in the apparatus embodiments of this application, please refer to the embodiments of the data transmission method described above.

[0110] Figure 9 A block diagram of a data transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application is shown. The data transmission apparatus can be disposed within an application layer network element, such as an application field (AF).

[0111] Reference Figure 9 As shown, a data transmission apparatus 900 according to an embodiment of this application includes: a receiving unit 902, a detection unit 904, and an adjustment unit 906.

[0112] The receiving unit 902 is configured to receive network status information from the radio access network side reported by the access network element, and to receive network transmission characteristics between the access network element and the core network gateway sent by the core network element; the detection unit 904 is configured to detect the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway; and the adjustment unit 906 is configured to adjust the parameters of the service data packets to be transmitted based on the network status information from the radio access network side, the network transmission characteristics between the access network element and the core network gateway, and the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway.

[0113] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the network status information on the radio access network side includes at least one of the following: the scheduling and transmission strategy adopted for periodic service data packets, the application layer service requirements of the user equipment, and the network status in the serving cell where the user equipment is located.

[0114] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the scheduling transmission strategy includes discontinuous reception C-DRX configuration parameters for connection mode; the C-DRX configuration parameters include at least one of the following: C-DRX period, activation duration and sleep duration contained in a single C-DRX period.

[0115] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the parameters of the service data packet to be transmitted include the period of the service data packet; adjusting the parameters of the service data packet to be transmitted includes: adjusting the period of the service data packet to be transmitted to an integer multiple of the C-DRX period.

[0116] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the application layer service requirements of the user equipment include at least one of the following: information about applications running on the user equipment that need to be perceived by the application server, and information about applications running on the user equipment that do not need to be perceived by the application server.

[0117] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the network status in the serving cell where the user equipment is located includes at least one of the following: the radio link status in the serving cell, the occupancy of time-frequency resources in the serving cell, and the load information of the serving cell.

[0118] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the receiving unit is configured to: receive network transmission characteristics between base station equipment and user plane functional entities for each user equipment sent by the core network element; wherein, the network transmission characteristics between base station equipment and user plane functional entities for each user equipment are determined by the core network element based on the transmission link between the base station equipment and the user plane functional entities, the transmission link between multiple user plane functional entities that perform data forwarding, and the Protocol Data Unit (PDU) sessions and Quality of Service (QoS) flows established for each user equipment.

[0119] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the detection unit is configured to: dynamically detect the transmission link between the application server and the core network gateway; and determine the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway based on the dynamic detection results of the transmission link.

[0120] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway include: the impact of the transmission link between the application server and the core network gateway on the periodic information and latency jitter distribution characteristics of the transmitted service data packets.

[0121] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the parameters of the service data packet to be transmitted include at least one of the following: the frame rate of the service data packet, the resolution of the service data packet, and the period of the service data packet.

[0122] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the detection unit is further configured to: after adjusting the parameters of the service data packet to be transmitted, detect whether the service data packet transmitted between the application server and the access network element meets the quality of service requirements during transmission; the adjustment unit is further configured to: if the service data packet transmitted between the application server and the access network element does not meet the quality of service requirements during transmission, then, based on the network status information of the wireless access network side, the network transmission characteristics between the access network element and the core network gateway, and the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway, readjust the parameters of the service data packet to be transmitted, so as to transmit data according to the readjusted parameters of the service data packet.

[0123] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the structure of a computer system suitable for implementing the electronic device of the present application is shown.

[0124] It should be noted that, Figure 10The computer system 1000 of the electronic device shown is merely an example and should not impose any limitation on the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments of this application.

[0125] like Figure 10 As shown, the computer system 1000 includes a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 1001, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes based on programs stored in Read-Only Memory (ROM) 1002 or programs loaded from storage portion 1008 into Random Access Memory (RAM) 1003, such as performing the methods described in the above embodiments. Various programs and data required for system operation are also stored in RAM 1003. The CPU 1001, ROM 1002, and RAM 1003 are interconnected via bus 1004. An Input / Output (I / O) interface 1005 is also connected to bus 1004.

[0126] The following components are connected to I / O interface 1005: an input section 1006 including a keyboard, mouse, etc.; an output section 1007 including a cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD), etc., and speakers, etc.; a storage section 1008 including a hard disk, etc.; and a communication section 1009 including a network interface card such as a LAN (Local Area Network) card, modem, etc. The communication section 1009 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet. A drive 1010 is also connected to I / O interface 1005 as needed. Removable media 1011, such as a disk, optical disk, magneto-optical disk, semiconductor memory, etc., are installed on drive 1010 as needed so that computer programs read from them can be installed into storage section 1008 as needed.

[0127] Specifically, according to embodiments of this application, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts can be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of this application include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a computer-readable medium, the computer program including a computer program for performing the methods shown in the flowcharts. In such embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via communication section 1009, and / or installed from removable medium 1011. When the computer program is executed by central processing unit (CPU) 1001, it performs various functions defined in the system of this application.

[0128] It should be noted that the computer-readable medium shown in the embodiments of this application can be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium, or any combination of the two. A computer-readable storage medium can be, for example,—but not limited to—an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of a computer-readable storage medium may include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, optical fiber, portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage device, magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. In this application, a computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. In this application, a computer-readable signal medium can include a data signal propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, carrying a computer-readable computer program. The transmitted data signal can take various forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. The computer-readable signal medium can also be any computer-readable medium other than a computer-readable storage medium, which can send, propagate, or transmit a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The computer program contained on the computer-readable medium can be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to wireless, wired, etc., or any suitable combination thereof.

[0129] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of this application. Each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which contains one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions indicated in the blocks may occur in a different order than those indicated in the drawings. For example, two consecutively indicated blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in a block diagram or flowchart, and combinations of blocks in a block diagram or flowchart, can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or operation, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and a computer program.

[0130] The units described in the embodiments of this application can be implemented in software or hardware, and the described units can also be located in a processor. The names of these units do not necessarily limit the specific unit itself.

[0131] In another aspect, this application also provides a computer-readable medium, which may be included in the electronic device described in the above embodiments; or it may exist independently and not assembled into the electronic device. The computer-readable medium carries one or more computer programs, which, when executed by the electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform the methods described in the above embodiments.

[0132] It should be noted that although several modules or units for the device used to perform actions have been mentioned in the detailed description above, this division is not mandatory. In fact, according to the embodiments of this application, the features and functions of two or more modules or units described above can be embodied in one module or unit. Conversely, the features and functions of one module or unit described above can be further divided and embodied by multiple modules or units.

[0133] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will readily understand that the exemplary embodiments described herein can be implemented by software or by combining software with necessary hardware. Therefore, the technical solutions according to the embodiments of this application can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (such as a CD-ROM, USB flash drive, external hard drive, etc.) or on a network, including several instructions to cause a computing device (such as a personal computer, server, touch terminal, or network device, etc.) to execute the method according to the embodiments of this application.

[0134] Other embodiments of this application will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the embodiments disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein.

[0135] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A data transmission method, characterized in that, include: Receive network status information from the radio access network side reported by the access network element; The core network element receives network transmission characteristics between the access network element and the core network gateway. These network transmission characteristics are determined by the core network element based on the transmission links between the base station equipment and user plane functional entities of each user equipment, the transmission links between multiple user plane functional entities that perform data forwarding, and the Protocol Data Unit (PDU) sessions and quality of service flows established for each user equipment. Detect the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway; Based on the network status information of the wireless access network side, the network transmission characteristics between the access network element and the core network gateway, and the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway, the parameters of the service data packet to be transmitted are adjusted; wherein, the parameters of the service data packet to be transmitted include at least one of the following: the frame rate of the service data packet, the resolution of the service data packet, and the period of the service data packet.

2. The data transmission method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The network status information on the wireless access network side includes at least one of the following: The scheduling and transmission strategies adopted for periodic service data packets, the application layer service requirements of user equipment, and the network status in the serving cell where the user equipment is located.

3. The data transmission method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The scheduling transmission strategy includes C-DRX configuration parameters for discontinuous reception in connection mode; The C-DRX configuration parameters include at least one of the following: C-DRX cycle, the activation duration and sleep duration contained in a single C-DRX cycle.

4. The data transmission method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The parameters of the service data packet to be transmitted include the period of the service data packet; The adjustment of the parameters of the service data packet to be transmitted includes: adjusting the period of the service data packet to be transmitted to an integer multiple of the C-DRX period.

5. The data transmission method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The application layer service requirements of the user equipment include at least one of the following: Information about applications running on the user device that need to be perceived by the application server, and information about applications running on the user device that do not need to be perceived by the application server.

6. The data transmission method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The network status of the serving cell where the user equipment is located includes at least one of the following: The radio link status in the serving cell, the occupancy of time and frequency resources in the serving cell, and the load information of the serving cell.

7. The data transmission method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The network transmission characteristics between the access network element and the core network gateway, received from the core network element, include: Receive the network transmission characteristics between the base station equipment and the user plane functional entity for each user equipment sent by the core network element.

8. The data transmission method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Detecting the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway includes: Dynamically detect the transmission link between the application server and the core network gateway; Based on the dynamic detection results of the transmission link, the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway are determined.

9. The data transmission method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway include the impact of the transmission link between the application server and the core network gateway on the periodic information and latency jitter distribution characteristics of the transmitted service data packets.

10. The data transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, After adjusting the parameters of the service data packets to be transmitted, the method further includes: Detect whether the service data packets transmitted between the application server and the access network elements meet the quality of service requirements during transmission; If the service data packets transmitted between the application server and the access network element do not meet the quality of service requirements during transmission, the parameters of the service data packets to be transmitted are readjusted according to the network status information of the wireless access network side, the network transmission characteristics between the access network element and the core network gateway, and the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway. Data transmission is performed based on the parameters of the readjusted business data packets.

11. A data transmission device, characterized in that, include: The receiving unit is configured to receive network status information from the radio access network side reported by the access network element, and to receive network transmission characteristics between the access network element and the core network gateway sent by the core network element; wherein, the network transmission characteristics between the access network element and the core network gateway are determined by the core network element based on the transmission links between the base station equipment and user plane functional entities of each user equipment, the transmission links between multiple user plane functional entities that perform data forwarding, and the Protocol Data Unit (PDU) sessions and quality of service flows established for each user equipment; The detection unit is configured to detect the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway; The adjustment unit is configured to adjust the parameters of the service data packet to be transmitted based on the network status information of the wireless access network side, the network transmission characteristics between the access network element and the core network gateway, and the network transmission characteristics between the application server and the core network gateway; wherein the parameters of the service data packet to be transmitted include at least one of the following: the frame rate of the service data packet, the resolution of the service data packet, and the period of the service data packet.

12. A computer-readable medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the data transmission method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

13. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: One or more processors; A memory for storing one or more computer programs, which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the electronic device to implement the data transmission method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

14. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes a computer program stored in a computer-readable storage medium, wherein a processor of an electronic device reads from and executes the computer program, causing the electronic device to perform the data transmission method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

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