Fire extinguishing composition and battery system using the same

Abstract

This invention provides a fire extinguishing composition comprising a compound surfactant and a fire extinguishing agent. The concentration of the compound surfactant in the fire extinguishing composition is not higher than 2.5 wt%, and the compound surfactant comprises at least two of fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ether, alkoxy polyoxyethylene ether, and alkyl glycoside. The molecular structure of the fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ether satisfies general formula I: where n≥6, and R1 is a fluorocarbon group; the molecular structure of the alkoxy polyoxyethylene ether satisfies general formula II: where n≥6, and R2 is composed of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. The fire extinguishing agent comprises a fluorinated fire extinguishing agent and a thermosensitive hydrogel, wherein the thermosensitive hydrogel is an N-isopropylacrylamide hydrogel polymer and / or its modified form, and the content of the hydrogel in the fire extinguishing composition is not less than 0.1 wt%. This fire extinguishing composition can rapidly control the fire, achieve cooling and extinguishing, and effectively inhibit the reignition of high-temperature heat sources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fire extinguishing agents, specifically, it relates to a fire extinguishing composition and a battery system using the same. Background Technology

[0002] Despite the advanced technology of today, fire remains one of the most common emergencies. Fires not only cause significant financial losses and claim lives and health, but also pollute the environment, disrupt the ecological balance, and indirectly threaten human survival. Therefore, fire prevention and firefighting remain crucial issues that cannot be ignored in modern times.

[0003] Fire extinguishing agents mainly include water, foam, dry powder, halon, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and some special-purpose extinguishing agents. Among them, hydrogel materials, which have been developed in recent years compared with traditional materials, exhibit advantages such as better biocompatibility, lower cost, excellent thermal insulation, and ease of control, and are expected to provide a more effective solution for the fire protection field, reducing casualties and property damage in fires. Compared with water, hydrogel fire extinguishing rate is increased by about 55% and water consumption can be reduced by about 60%. Currently, many companies at home and abroad have carried out product research and development and commercialization work on hydrogel fire extinguishing agents, mainly for use in forests, grasslands, buildings, mines, and other fields. However, hydrogel fire extinguishing agents are difficult to reach the root of the flame directly, thus affecting their cooling and extinguishing efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need to develop a fire extinguishing substance that can quickly reach the base of the flame and has high fire extinguishing efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a fire extinguishing composition and its application, as well as a lithium-ion battery. The fire extinguishing composition is prepared by using a low concentration of compound surfactant, combined with a temperature-sensitive hydrogel and a fluorinated fire extinguishing agent. This fire extinguishing composition can quickly control the fire, achieve cooling and extinguishing, and effectively inhibit the reignition of high-temperature heat sources.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a fire extinguishing composition is provided, comprising a compound surfactant and a fire extinguishing agent; the concentration of the compound surfactant in the fire extinguishing composition is not higher than 2.5 wt%, and the compound surfactant comprises at least two of fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ether, alkoxy polyoxyethylene ether, and alkyl glycoside; the molecular structure of the fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ether satisfies general formula I: Where n≥6, R1 is a fluorocarbon group; the molecular structure of alkoxy polyoxyethylene ether satisfies general formula II: Wherein, n≥6, R2 is composed of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms; the extinguishing agent includes fluorinated extinguishing agents and thermosensitive hydrogel, wherein the thermosensitive hydrogel is an N-isopropylacrylamide hydrogel polymer and / or its modified form, and the content of hydrogel in the extinguishing composition is not less than 0.1wt%.

[0007] This solution uses fluorinated fire extinguishing agents and thermosensitive hydrogels as extinguishing agents. The thermosensitive polymer is an environmentally responsive polymer material. The thermosensitive hydrogel is liquid at low temperatures and condenses into a gel-like substance at high temperatures; this state change is reversible with temperature. When a fire occurs, the fluorinated fire extinguishing agent and thermosensitive hydrogel in the extinguishing composition provided by this solution can effectively extinguish the fire and prevent reignition of the high-temperature heat source. The thermosensitive hydrogel is released in liquid form onto the surface of the high-temperature heat source and absorbs heat on the surface, transforming into a gel-like substance, achieving the effects of fire extinguishing and preventing reignition. However, after numerous experiments, the inventors discovered that due to the use of thermosensitive hydrogels in the extinguishing composition, the resulting extinguishing composition has a high viscosity, leading to an increased droplet size. The liquid extinguishing droplets experience high air resistance in the fire scene, which is not conducive to quickly reaching the base of the flames for extinguishing.

[0008] Therefore, by combining the extinguishing agent with the aforementioned compound surfactant, the inventors prepared a fire extinguishing composition with low surface tension and critical micelle concentration. This fire extinguishing composition can extinguish fires with small-sized extinguishing droplets. Due to the small droplet size, the extinguishing droplets can absorb heat with a larger relative surface area and have stronger penetration in the fire, reaching the base of the flame more quickly to cool and extinguish the fire at the ignition point. Moreover, the fire extinguishing composition system provided by this solution is stable and does not easily become turbid, has low surface tension, and can form small and uniform-sized extinguishing droplets during fire extinguishing. These droplets can spread rapidly on the surface of high-temperature heat sources, increasing the heat absorption area of ​​the fire extinguishing composition and reducing the contact area between the high-temperature heat source and the air, thereby more effectively cooling the high-temperature heat source.

[0009] Preferably, the concentration of the compound surfactant in the fire extinguishing composition is 0.1 to 2.5 wt%.

[0010] Preferably, the compound surfactant includes fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ether, alkoxy polyoxyethylene ether, and alkyl glycoside. When the above three surfactants are used as the compound surfactant, they have a synergistic effect, which can further improve the extinguishing efficiency of the fire extinguishing composition. This not only reduces the droplet size of the extinguishing liquid but also promotes the stable and uniform dispersion of the extinguishing agent in the medium, avoiding excessively high local viscosity of the extinguishing composition. Furthermore, using the above compound surfactant to prepare the fire extinguishing composition can also promote the rapid spreading of the temperature-sensitive hydrogel on the surface of the high-temperature heat source, efficiently absorbing the heat from the high-temperature heat source. It can also promote better coverage of the temperature-sensitive hydrogel on the surface of the high-temperature heat source, thereby effectively isolating the air from the heat source and further reducing the possibility of reignition. Secondly, both fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ether and alkoxy polyoxyethylene ether belong to the polyoxyethylene ether class of surfactants, which are stable and can make the compound surfactant less susceptible to the effects of strong electrolytes, inorganic salts, acids, or alkalis.

[0011] Preferably, the mass ratio of fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ether: alkoxy polyoxyethylene ether: alkyl glycoside is 0.001–0.1: 0.05–1: 0.1–2. When the composition of the compound surfactant meets the above requirements, the compound surfactant can better reduce the surface tension and critical micelle concentration of the fire extinguishing composition, resulting in smaller fire extinguishing droplet size, stronger penetration in the fire scene, and easier reach to the source of the flame. In addition, the compound surfactant prepared by the above ratio, while ensuring that the fire extinguishing composition has low surface tension and flame retardant synergy, has low fluorine content and few toxic substances after degradation, making it environmentally friendly and playing a role in energy saving and environmental protection.

[0012] Preferably, in the molecular structure of the fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ether, the number of carbon atoms in R1 is 5 to 10. When a fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ether satisfying the above structural formula is selected to prepare a fire extinguishing composition, because the fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ether has good hydrophobic and oleophilic properties, it can not only promote the uniform dispersion of fluorinated fire extinguishing agents and temperature-sensitive hydrogels, but also improve the emulsifying and wetting ability of the compounded surfactant, further reducing the particle size of the fire extinguishing droplets formed by the fire extinguishing composition.

[0013] Preferably, the molecular weight of the fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ether is 800 to 1500.

[0014] Preferably, the fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ether includes at least one of perfluorohexylethanol polyoxyethylene ether and perfluorooctylethanol polyoxyethylene ether.

[0015] Optionally, the fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ether is perfluorohexylethanol polyoxyethylene ether, in which R1 is -(CF2)6F and n = 6 to 15.

[0016] Preferably, in the molecular structure of the alkoxy polyoxyethylene ether, the number of carbon atoms in R2 is ≥8. When an alkoxy polyoxyethylene ether meeting the above structural requirements is selected to prepare a fire extinguishing composition, the compatibility between the compounded surfactant and fluorinated fire extinguishing agents and thermosensitive hydrogels can be improved, thereby reducing the surface tension of the fire extinguishing composition and improving the fire extinguishing efficiency of the fire extinguishing composition.

[0017] Preferably, R2 in the alkoxy polyoxyethylene ether is an alkyl group. Compared with fire extinguishing compositions prepared using alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers containing aromatic groups, fire extinguishing compositions prepared using fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers with an alkyl group as R2 have better environmental friendliness and biodegradability, and can reduce pollution and harm to the environment.

[0018] Preferably, the HLB value of the alkoxy polyoxyethylene ether is ≤15.

[0019] Preferably, the alkoxy polyoxyethylene ether includes cetearyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.

[0020] Preferably, the molecular weight of the alkyl glycoside is not higher than 500. By using alkyl glycosides with the above molecular weight in combination with fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ethers and alkoxy polyoxyethylene ethers, the surface tension of the fire extinguishing composition can be reduced. This is because the low molecular weight alkyl glycoside can insert into the middle of the molecules of fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ethers and alkoxy polyoxyethylene ethers, further improving the intermolecular forces of the compounded surfactant. This allows the fire extinguishing droplets formed by the fire extinguishing composition to spread more quickly on the surface of the high-temperature heat source, further improving the cooling and fire extinguishing performance.

[0021] Preferably, the pH value of the alkyl glycoside is 7-8 at 25°C.

[0022] Preferably, the viscosity of the alkyl glycoside is 1500–2000 mPa·s.

[0023] Preferably, the alkyl glycoside is decyl glucoside.

[0024] Preferably, the fluorinated fire extinguishing agent includes at least one of perfluorohexanone, perfluorobutyl methyl ether, methyl nonafluorobutyl ether, ethyl nonafluoroisobutyl ether, pentafluorobutane, and decafluoro-3-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)pentane.

[0025] Preferably, the fluorinated fire extinguishing agent is perfluorohexanone.

[0026] Preferably, the extinguishing composition also includes an aqueous solvent, and the mass ratio of fluorinated extinguishing agent: aqueous solvent: thermosensitive hydrogel is 35-75: 50-100: 0.1-5. When the mass ratio of fluorinated extinguishing agent to aqueous solvent and thermosensitive hydrogel falls within the above range, the extinguishing composition emulsifies more uniformly and has better dispersion stability, making it easier to form extinguishing droplets with uniform size, small particle size, and large specific surface area. This shortens the time it takes for the extinguishing droplets to penetrate the flame and smoke, allowing them to reach the base of the flame more quickly.

[0027] Preferably, the fire extinguishing composition includes 35-75 parts of fluorine-based fire extinguishing agent, 0.1-5.0 parts of thermosensitive hydrogel, and 0.15-3.1 parts of compound surfactant. The compound surfactant includes 0.001-0.1 parts of fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ether, 0.05-1.0 parts of alkoxy polyoxyethylene ether, and 0.1-2.0 parts of alkyl glycoside.

[0028] Experiments and tests revealed that the fire extinguishing composition conforming to the above ratio meets the following performance indicators: critical micelle concentration (CMC) at 25℃ ≤ 100 mmol / L, surface tension (γCMC) ≤ 25 mN / m, and electrical conductivity ≤ 10 μS / cm. This indicates that the fire extinguishing composition has low surface tension, enabling it to form small, uniformly sized fire extinguishing droplets during fire extinguishing, resulting in highly efficient fire suppression. Furthermore, with rapid economic development and advancements in modern science and technology, the safety requirements for lithium-ion batteries in the power battery industry are also rising. The fire extinguishing composition has low electrical conductivity and excellent fire extinguishing performance. Due to its good conductivity and low risk of short circuits and sparks, this fire extinguishing composition can also be used in the power battery field, preventing thermal runaway or electric shock accidents caused by secondary battery discharge. In addition, the above-mentioned compound fire extinguishing composition does not contain sulfonates, has low environmental hazard, and has a wide range of applications.

[0029] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a battery system is provided, comprising a battery and a fire extinguishing assembly, wherein the fire extinguishing assembly contains the aforementioned fire extinguishing composition. The battery system provided by the present invention utilizes the fire extinguishing assembly, and by applying the aforementioned fire extinguishing composition to the safety prevention and control of thermal runaway in power batteries, it can not only effectively extinguish battery fires but also effectively prevent battery pack reignition. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this invention, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of this invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] This embodiment provides a fire extinguishing composition comprising 50 parts of a fluorinated fire extinguishing agent, 1 part of a thermosensitive hydrogel, 1.13 parts of a compound surfactant, and 100 parts of water. Perfluorohexanone is selected as the fluorinated fire extinguishing agent, an acrylic N-isopropylacrylamide thermosensitive hydrogel polymer with a number average molecular weight of 300,000 is selected as the thermosensitive hydrogel, and fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ether, alkoxy polyoxyethylene ether, and alkyl glycoside are selected as the compound surfactant. Furthermore, the critical micelle concentration of this fire extinguishing composition was measured to be 90 mmol / L.

[0033] Among them, the fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ether is a perfluorohexylethanol polyoxyethylene ether with a number average molecular weight of 980, and the molecular structure of the perfluorohexylethanol polyoxyethylene ether satisfies general formula I: Where n = 6 to 15, and R1 is -(CF2)6F. The preferred perfluorohexyl ethanol polyoxyethylene ether is the product with the designation FS-3100. The alkoxy polyoxyethylene ether is cetearyl alcohol polyether-25; the molecular structure of the alkoxy polyoxyethylene ether satisfies general formula II: Where n≥6, R2 is C6H 12 The alkyl glycoside is APG0814 with a viscosity of 1700 mPa·s, pH = 8, and a molecular weight not exceeding 500. Furthermore, the mass ratio of fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ether: alkoxy polyoxyethylene ether: alkyl glycoside is 0.03:0.1:1.

[0034] The method for preparing the fire extinguishing composition includes: weighing the raw materials used to prepare the fire extinguishing composition according to the specified amount, mixing and stirring thoroughly to obtain the fire extinguishing composition.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] This embodiment refers to the preparation method provided in Example 1 to prepare a fire extinguishing composition. The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that the addition of fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ether is omitted in the preparation of the fire extinguishing composition, and the mass ratio of alkoxy polyoxyethylene ether to alkyl glycoside is set to 0.1:1. The remaining raw material ratios and preparation methods are strictly consistent with those in Example 1.

[0037] Example 3

[0038] This embodiment refers to the preparation method provided in Example 1 to prepare a fire extinguishing composition. The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that the addition of alkoxy polyoxyethylene ether is omitted in the preparation of the fire extinguishing composition, and the mass ratio of fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ether to alkyl glycoside is set to 0.03:1. The remaining raw material ratios and preparation methods are strictly consistent with those in Example 1.

[0039] Example 4

[0040] This embodiment refers to the preparation method provided in Example 1 to prepare a fire extinguishing composition. The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that the addition of alkyl glycosides is omitted in the preparation of the fire extinguishing composition, and the mass ratio of fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ether to alkoxy polyoxyethylene ether is set to 0.3:1. The remaining raw material ratios and preparation methods are strictly consistent with those in Example 1.

[0041] Example 5

[0042] This embodiment refers to the preparation method provided in Example 1 to prepare a fire extinguishing composition. The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that, in the preparation of the fire extinguishing composition, an equal mass of perfluorooctyl ethanol polyoxyethylene ether is used instead of perfluorohexyl ethanol polyoxyethylene ether in Example 1. The perfluorooctyl ethanol polyoxyethylene ether is preferably the product with the brand name intechem-14. The remaining raw material ratios and preparation methods are strictly consistent with those in Example 1.

[0043] Example 6

[0044] This embodiment refers to the preparation method provided in Example 1 to prepare a fire extinguishing composition. The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that, in the preparation of the fire extinguishing composition, an equal mass of linear fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is used instead of cetearyl alcohol polyether in Example 1. The preferred product of this linear fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is n-AEO-9. The remaining raw material ratios and preparation methods are strictly consistent with those in Example 1.

[0045] Comparative Example 1

[0046] This comparative example uses the preparation method provided in Example 1 to prepare a fire extinguishing composition. The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that, in the preparation of the fire extinguishing composition, an equal mass of fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ether is used instead of the compound surfactant in Example 1. The remaining raw material ratios and preparation methods are strictly consistent with those in Example 1.

[0047] Comparative Example 2

[0048] This comparative example uses the preparation method provided in Example 1 to prepare a fire extinguishing composition. The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that, in the preparation of the fire extinguishing composition, an equal mass of alkoxy polyoxyethylene ether is used instead of the compound surfactant in Example 1. The remaining raw material ratios and preparation methods are strictly consistent with those in Example 1.

[0049] Comparative Example 3

[0050] This comparative example uses the preparation method provided in Example 1 to prepare a fire extinguishing composition. The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that, in the preparation of the fire extinguishing composition, an equal mass of alkyl glycoside is used instead of the compound surfactant in Example 1. The remaining raw material ratios and preparation methods are strictly consistent with those in Example 1.

[0051] Comparative Example 4

[0052] This comparative example uses the preparation method provided in Example 1 to prepare a fire extinguishing composition. The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the addition of temperature-sensitive hydrogel is omitted in the preparation of the fire extinguishing composition. The remaining raw material ratios and preparation methods are strictly consistent with those in Example 1.

[0053] Comparative Example 5

[0054] This comparative example uses the preparation method provided in Example 1 to prepare a fire extinguishing composition. The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the addition of fluorinated fire extinguishing agents is omitted in the preparation of the fire extinguishing composition. The remaining raw material ratios and preparation methods are strictly consistent with those in Example 1.

[0055] Comparative Example 6

[0056] This comparative example uses the preparation method provided in Example 1 to prepare a fire extinguishing composition. The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the addition of fluorinated fire extinguishing agents is omitted in the preparation of the fire extinguishing composition, and an equal mass of perfluorooctyl ethanol polyoxyethylene ether is used instead of perfluorohexyl ethanol polyoxyethylene ether in Example 1. This perfluorooctyl ethanol polyoxyethylene ether is preferably the product with the brand name intechem-14. The remaining raw material ratios and preparation methods are strictly consistent with those of Example 1.

[0057] Comparative Example 7

[0058] This comparative example uses the preparation method provided in Example 1 to prepare a fire extinguishing composition. The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the amount of thermosensitive hydrogel added during the preparation of the fire extinguishing composition is 0.1 parts (i.e., 0.07 wt%). The remaining raw material ratios and preparation methods are strictly consistent with those in Example 1.

[0059] Test Example 1

[0060] Test subjects: Fire extinguishing compositions provided in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-7.

[0061] Test items and test methods:

[0062] I. Product Performance:

[0063] (1) Surface tension: At a temperature of 25±0.2℃, the surface tension of the test object was tested according to the test method in GB-T 38722-2020 Determination of interfacial tension of surfactants by liquid film pulling method.

[0064] (2) Conductivity: The conductivity of the test object was tested according to the test method in GB / T 27502-2011 Method for preparing calibration solution for conductivity measurement.

[0065] II. Fire extinguishing performance:

[0066] (1) Extinguishing performance of extinguishing components: Extinguishing components were prepared by separately containing the extinguishing compositions of each test object. The lithium battery and heating device were fixed on the stand using a fixing clamp. The extinguishing component was fixed 2 cm away from the top surface of the lithium battery. The heating device was started to heat the lithium battery until thermal runaway occurred and open flame appeared. The battery safety valve opened and the heating device was turned off. The time from the spraying of the extinguishing composition to the extinguishing of the flame (no open flame) was measured, and it was checked whether there was a gel film formed by temperature-sensitive material on the surface of the battery. The observation was continued for 30 minutes to check whether reignition occurred.

[0067] The heating device has a power of 400W. The lithium battery is a square aluminum-cased ternary lithium-ion battery with lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide [Li(NiCoMn)O2] as the positive electrode material. The rated capacity is 150A·h, the mass of a single battery cell is 2700±2.3g, and the dimensions of a single lithium-ion battery cell are 150mm×105mm×80mm. The state of charge (SOC) of all experimental batteries is 100%.

[0068] Test results: The test results of the product performance (surface tension, critical micelle concentration, conductivity) of the test objects are shown in Table 1; the fire extinguishing performance of the test objects is shown in Table 2.

[0069] Table 1. Product Performance of Test Subjects

[0070] Group Surface tension mN / m Conductivity μS / cm Example 1 19 8.2 Example 2 25 8.5 Example 3 21 8.8 Example 4 22 7.9 Example 5 19 8.1 Example 6 20 8.9 Comparative Example 1 16 7.7 Comparative Example 2 24 10.2 Comparative Example 3 28 13.8 Comparative Example 4 18 6.9 Comparative Example 5 17 8.1 Comparative Example 6 17 8.1 Comparative Example 7 19 7.8

[0071] Table 2. Fire extinguishing performance of the tested objects

[0072]

[0073]

[0074] Results analysis:

[0075] Comparing the performance indicators shown in Tables 1 and 2, it can be found that the fire extinguishing compositions provided in Examples 1-6 all simultaneously meet the following performance indicators: surface tension (γCMC) of the fire extinguishing composition ≤ 25 mN / m, and electrical conductivity of the fire extinguishing composition ≤ 10 μS / cm. This indicates that the fire extinguishing compositions provided in Examples 1-6 have low surface tension, enabling them to form small, uniformly sized fire extinguishing droplets during fire extinguishing, thus achieving efficient fire extinguishing. Comparing the fire extinguishing performance of Examples 1-6 with that of Comparative Examples 1-7, it can be found that Examples 1-6 have shorter fire extinguishing and cooling times, and better anti-reignition performance. This indicates that the fire extinguishing compositions of Examples 1-6 can not only quickly reach the base of the flame for rapid fire extinguishing, but also prevent the reignition of high-temperature heat sources, while being environmentally friendly.

[0076] Comparing the performance indicators of the fire extinguishing compositions provided in Examples 1-4 with those in Comparative Examples 1-3, it can be found that, compared with Comparative Examples 2-3, the fire extinguishing compositions of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 1 exhibit better fire extinguishing and cooling performance, shorter cooling time and fire extinguishing time, and effectively inhibit the reignition of high-temperature heat sources. However, although the fire extinguishing composition of Comparative Example 1 exhibits better fire extinguishing performance, the introduction of a large amount of fluorinated surfactants into the fire extinguishing composition results in higher cost and greater environmental toxicity, as its toxicity is difficult to biodegrade and persists in the environment. This indicates that the type of surfactant can affect the surface tension of the fire extinguishing composition. When at least two of fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ethers, alkoxy polyoxyethylene ethers, and alkyl glycosides are used as compound surfactants, the resulting fire extinguishing composition possesses excellent fire extinguishing and cooling performance, anti-reignition properties, and is environmentally friendly and inexpensive. In Example 1, when fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ether, alkoxy polyoxyethylene ether and alkyl glycoside are used as compound surfactants, the surface tension of the fire extinguishing composition can be reduced effectively. Under the premise of ensuring that the fire extinguishing composition is environmentally friendly, it exhibits the best fire extinguishing performance and anti-reignition performance.

[0077] Comparing the performance indicators of Examples 1-6 with Comparative Examples 4 and 7, it can be seen that Examples 1-6 can prevent reignition of high-temperature heat sources while ensuring short fire extinguishing time. This indicates that the absence of thermosensitive hydrogel or the addition of too little thermosensitive hydrogel will result in poor reignition prevention performance of the fire extinguishing composition.

[0078] Comparing the performance indicators of Examples 1 and 5 with Comparative Examples 5-6, it can be seen that Examples 1 and 5 have better fire extinguishing performance and require less time for extinguishing and cooling compared to Comparative Examples 5-6. Specifically, in the system containing fluorinated fire extinguishing agents, Example 1 has a shorter fire extinguishing time than Example 5, but Example 1 requires a longer time to cool the high-temperature heat source to 100°C than Example 5. In the system without fluorinated fire extinguishing agents, Comparative Example 6 has a shorter fire extinguishing time than Comparative Example 5, but Comparative Example 6 requires a longer time to cool the high-temperature heat source to 100°C than Comparative Example 5. This further illustrates that different surfactants assist in fire extinguishing to varying degrees in different fire extinguishing systems.

[0079] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fire extinguishing composition, characterized in that, The fire extinguishing composition includes a compound surfactant and a fire extinguishing agent; The concentration of the compound surfactant in the fire extinguishing composition is no higher than 2.5 wt%. The compound surfactant comprises fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ether, alkoxy polyoxyethylene ether, and alkyl glycoside, and the mass ratio of fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ether: alkoxy polyoxyethylene ether: alkyl glycoside is 0.001–0.1: 0.05–1: 0.1–2. The molecular structure of the fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ether satisfies General Formula I. Where n≥6, R1 is a fluorocarbon group; the molecular structure of the alkoxy polyoxyethylene ether satisfies general formula II: Where n≥6, R2 is composed of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms; The extinguishing agent includes a fluorinated extinguishing agent and a thermosensitive hydrogel, wherein the thermosensitive hydrogel is an N-isopropylacrylamide hydrogel polymer and / or its modified form, and the content of the hydrogel in the extinguishing composition is not less than 0.1 wt%.

2. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the molecular structure of the fluorocarbon polyoxyethylene ether, the number of carbon atoms in the R group is 5 to 10.

3. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the molecular structure of the alkoxy polyoxyethylene ether, the number of carbon atoms in the R group is ≥8.

4. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 3, characterized in that, The R group of the alkoxy polyoxyethylene ether is an alkyl group.

5. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The molecular weight of the alkyl glycoside is not higher than 500.

6. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fluorinated fire extinguishing agent includes at least one of perfluorohexanone, perfluorobutyl methyl ether, methyl nonafluorobutyl ether, ethyl nonafluoroisobutyl ether, pentafluorobutane, and decafluoro-3-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)pentane.

7. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire extinguishing composition also includes an aqueous solvent, and the mass ratio of the fluorinated fire extinguishing agent to the aqueous solvent to the thermosensitive hydrogel is 35-75: 50-100: 0.1-5.

8. A battery system, characterized in that, The battery system includes a battery and a fire extinguishing assembly, wherein the fire extinguishing assembly contains the fire extinguishing composition as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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