Low-temperature-resistant, flame-retardant and anti-static PVC composite material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of PVC composite material technology, specifically to a low-temperature resistant, flame-retardant, and antistatic PVC composite material and its preparation method. The PVC composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts PVC resin, 2-5 parts stabilizer, 0.7-2 parts lubricant, 1-5 parts flame retardant, 1-6 parts processing aid, 70-90 parts plasticizer, and 12-19 parts carbon-based filler. The product obtained by this invention exhibits durable and stable antistatic effects, achieving an antistatic level comparable to conductivity, with a surface resistivity of E3Ω-E6Ω. Simultaneously, the product obtained by this invention possesses excellent flame-retardant properties and maintains sufficient flexibility in low-temperature environments, making it better suited for various applications. The preparation and processing process of this invention is simple, with good processing performance, good plasticizing effect, and a smooth surface of the resulting PVC composite material product.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of PVC composite material technology, specifically to a low-temperature resistant, flame-retardant, and antistatic PVC composite material and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, PVC composite materials are being used in an increasingly wide range of applications. With growing emphasis on safety in production, the inherent flammability and static electricity of PVC materials have led to increasingly stringent performance requirements for PVC composites. For example, in the coal mining industry, the low-temperature and humid environment necessitates that PVC materials meet flame-retardant and anti-static standards.

[0003] Most existing technologies use the addition of flame retardants such as aluminum hydroxide to solve the flame retardancy problem. For example, CN202310889109.4 discloses a high flame retardant and oil-resistant polyvinyl chloride (PVC) material and its preparation method. The raw material components of the PVC material contain 10-15 parts of flame retardant A and 10-30 parts of flame retardant B. The flame retardant B is aluminum hydroxide. The addition amount of this type of flame retardant is relatively large, which has a significant impact on the low-temperature toughness of the PVC material.

[0004] In existing technologies, antistatic agents are mostly used to enhance the antistatic properties of PVC compositions to solve static electricity problems. CN202310662859.8 discloses an antistatic PVC composite material and its preparation method, in which a pale yellow transparent liquid antistatic agent is added to the components. The addition amount is low, and the antistatic effect is good. The addition of the antistatic agent greatly improves the antistatic ability of the finished PVC sheet material. However, commonly used antistatic agents are greatly affected by the temperature and humidity of the environment, and the antistatic agents can only make the surface resistivity of the product reach E7Ω-E9Ω, and the antistatic effect only lasts for 1 to 2 years, which is relatively short. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems of poor low-temperature resistance, flame retardancy, and antistatic properties in existing technologies, this invention provides a low-temperature resistant, flame retardant, and antistatic PVC composite material and its preparation method. The finished product has a long-lasting antistatic effect, excellent flame retardant properties, and can maintain sufficient flexibility in low-temperature environments.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a low-temperature resistant, flame-retardant and antistatic PVC composite material, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of PVC resin, 2-5 parts of stabilizer, 0.7-2 parts of lubricant, 1-5 parts of flame retardant, 1-6 parts of processing aid, 70-90 parts of plasticizer, and 12-19 parts of carbon-based filler.

[0007] Furthermore, the degree of polymerization of PVC resin is 1000–1500. Resins with this degree of polymerization have a large molecular weight and a compact molecular structure. Products made from this resin have excellent overall performance, are more durable and stable, and have a longer service life.

[0008] Furthermore, the stabilizer is at least one of calcium-zinc stabilizers, lead salt stabilizers, or organotin stabilizers. This stabilizer is a metal-containing heat stabilizer, possessing excellent thermal stability, lubricating properties, and good processing performance.

[0009] Furthermore, the lubricant is at least one of stearic acid, homopolymer polyethylene wax, or silicone powder. The lubricant possesses excellent low-temperature flexibility and good light and heat stability, increasing the product's gloss and processing performance.

[0010] Furthermore, the flame retardant is antimony trioxide. This flame retardant is an additive flame retardant, added to the polymer through mechanical mixing to give the polymer excellent flame retardant properties. The flame retardant used in this invention is antimony trioxide, an inorganic flame retardant, which works synergistically with PVC to achieve the flame retardant effect.

[0011] Furthermore, the processing aid is ACR processing aid. Due to its core / shell structure, this processing aid can give PVC products excellent impact resistance and low-temperature toughness, improve PVC melt flowability and heat distortion, promote plasticization, and make the surface of PVC products smooth and beautiful.

[0012] Furthermore, the plasticizer is at least one of dioctyl phthalate, di-n-octyl adipate, trichloroethyl phosphate, or chlorinated paraffin. More specifically, the plasticizer is trichloroethyl phosphate, a halogenated phosphate flame-retardant plasticizer. This type of plasticizer contains both phosphorus and chlorine, two flame-retardant elements. Phosphorus acts as a solid phase coating, while chlorine and hydrogen chloride act as a gaseous phase coating, effectively synergistically inhibiting the evaporative and decomposition combustion processes of the flame. Simultaneously, chlorine can synergistically interact with antimony trioxide to enhance the flame-retardant properties of the PVC composition, thereby achieving the purpose of flame retardancy and fire prevention. Among these, di-n-octyl adipate is an excellent cold-resistant plasticizer, imparting excellent low-temperature flexibility to PVC products.

[0013] Furthermore, the carbon-based filler is at least one of conductive carbon black, graphene, or carbon nanotubes. These fillers possess high electrical conductivity, enabling effective adsorption and transfer of electrons, thus exhibiting superior electrical properties and enhancing the longevity of the antistatic effect.

[0014] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing a low-temperature resistant, flame-retardant, and antistatic PVC composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0015] S1. Weigh the PVC resin, stabilizer, lubricant, flame retardant, processing aid, and carbon filler according to the raw material ratio, add them to the high-speed mixer and mix. First mix at low speed, then mix at high speed until the temperature reaches 60℃. Then add the plasticizer and mix until the temperature reaches 105℃. After the material cools to room temperature, discharge it for later use.

[0016] S2. The material obtained in step S1 is fed into a twin-screw extruder for extrusion and granulation. The temperatures of each zone of the twin-screw extruder barrel are 135℃, 140℃, 140℃, 145℃, 150℃, 145℃, and 150℃, respectively.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are that the product obtained by this invention has a long-lasting and stable antistatic effect, the antistatic level can reach the conductivity level, the surface resistance can reach E3Ω-E6Ω, and the product obtained by this invention has excellent flame retardant properties and can still maintain sufficient flexibility in low temperature environments, making it more suitable for various places; the preparation and processing process of this invention is simple, the processing performance is good, the plasticizing effect is good, and the surface of the obtained PVC composite material product is smooth. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0019] Example 1

[0020] A low-temperature resistant, flame-retardant, and antistatic PVC composite material, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0021] PVC resin: 100 parts of PVC-3 type resin (polymerization degree 1250~1500);

[0022] Stabilizer: 4 parts calcium-zinc stabilizer;

[0023] Lubricant: 0.5 parts homopolymer polyethylene wax, 0.2 parts silicone powder;

[0024] Flame retardant: 3 parts antimony trioxide;

[0025] Processing aid: 3 parts of ACR8901;

[0026] Plasticizers: 45 parts dioctyl phthalate, 20 parts di-n-octyl adipic acid, and 10 parts trichloroethyl phosphate;

[0027] Carbon-based filler: 15 parts conductive carbon black.

[0028] Example 2

[0029] A low-temperature resistant, flame-retardant, and antistatic PVC composite material, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0030] PVC resin: 100 parts of PVC-3 type resin (polymerization degree 1250~1500);

[0031] Stabilizer: 4 parts calcium-zinc stabilizer;

[0032] Lubricant: 0.5 parts homopolymer polyethylene wax, 0.2 parts silicone powder, 0.5 parts stearic acid;

[0033] Flame retardant: 3 parts antimony trioxide;

[0034] Processing aid: 5 parts of ACR8901;

[0035] Plasticizers: 46 parts dioctyl phthalate, 21 parts di-n-octyl adipic acid, and 12 parts trichloroethyl phosphate;

[0036] Carbon-based filler: 16 parts conductive carbon black.

[0037] Example 3

[0038] A low-temperature resistant, flame-retardant, and antistatic PVC composite material, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0039] PVC resin: 100 parts of PVC-3 type resin (polymerization degree 1250~1500);

[0040] Stabilizer: 3 parts lead salt stabilizer;

[0041] Lubricant: 0.75 parts homopolymer polyethylene wax, 0.2 parts silicone powder, 1 part stearic acid;

[0042] Flame retardant: 3 parts antimony trioxide;

[0043] Processing aid: 1 part ACR401;

[0044] Plasticizers: 45 parts dioctyl phthalate, 22 parts di-n-octyl adipic acid, and 10 parts trichloroethyl phosphate;

[0045] Carbon-based filler: 17 parts conductive carbon black.

[0046] Example 4

[0047] A low-temperature resistant, flame-retardant, and antistatic PVC composite material, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0048] PVC resin: 100 parts of PVC-5 type resin (polymerization degree 1000~1100);

[0049] Stabilizer: 3 parts lead salt stabilizer;

[0050] Lubricant: 0.5 parts homopolymer polyethylene wax, 0.2 parts silicone powder;

[0051] Flame retardant: 5 parts antimony trioxide;

[0052] Processing aid: 3 parts of ACR8901;

[0053] Plasticizers: 46 parts dioctyl phthalate, 21 parts di-n-octyl adipic acid, and 12 parts trichloroethyl phosphate;

[0054] Carbon-based filler: 16 parts conductive carbon black.

[0055] Example 5

[0056] A low-temperature resistant, flame-retardant, and antistatic PVC composite material, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0057] PVC resin: 100 parts of PVC-5 type resin (polymerization degree 1000~1100);

[0058] Stabilizer: 2 parts lead salt stabilizer;

[0059] Lubricant: 0.75 parts homopolymer polyethylene wax, 0.2 parts silicone powder, 1 part stearic acid;

[0060] Flame retardant: 1 part antimony trioxide;

[0061] Processing aid: 5 parts of ACR401;

[0062] Plasticizers: 45 parts dioctyl phthalate, 25 parts di-n-octyl adipic acid, and 20 parts trichloroethyl phosphate;

[0063] Carbon-based filler: 19 parts conductive carbon black.

[0064] Example 6

[0065] A low-temperature resistant, flame-retardant, and antistatic PVC composite material, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0066] PVC resin: 100 parts of PVC-5 type resin (polymerization degree 1000~1100);

[0067] Stabilizer: 5 parts calcium-zinc stabilizer;

[0068] Lubricant: 0.5 parts homopolymer polyethylene wax, 0.2 parts silicone powder, 0.5 parts stearic acid;

[0069] Flame retardant: 1 part antimony trioxide;

[0070] Processing aid: 6 parts of ACR8901;

[0071] Plasticizers: 40 parts dioctyl phthalate, 20 parts di-n-octyl adipic acid, and 10 parts trichloroethyl phosphate;

[0072] Carbon-based filler: 12 parts graphene.

[0073] Comparative Example 1

[0074] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that the antistatic agent used in Comparative Example 1 is Poly brand antistatic agent, model JL-LBK-4.

[0075] Comparative Example 2

[0076] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that the plasticizer is 40 parts of dioctyl phthalate, 20 parts of di-n-octyl adipic acid, and 10 parts of adipic acid polyester.

[0077] Comparative Example 3

[0078] The flame retardant in Comparative Example 3 differs from that in Example 1 in that it is aluminum hydroxide.

[0079] The preparation methods for both the examples and comparative examples include the following steps:

[0080] (1) Raw material mixing: Weigh the PVC resin, stabilizer, lubricant, flame retardant, processing aid and carbon filler according to the ratio, add them to the high-speed mixer and mix. First mix at low speed and then mix at high speed until 60°C. Then add plasticizer and mix until 105°C. After the material cools to room temperature, discharge it for later use.

[0081] (2) Granulation process: The mixed material is extruded and granulated using a twin-screw extruder. The temperatures of each zone of the twin-screw extruder barrel are 135℃, 140℃, 140℃, 145℃, 150℃, 145℃, and 150℃, respectively.

[0082] The test performance of the low-temperature resistant, flame-retardant, and antistatic PVC composite materials prepared in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-3 of the present invention is shown in Table 1.

[0083] Table 1. Detection performance of products obtained in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-3

[0084]

[0085] As shown in Table 1, the PVC composition produced by the formula proposed in this invention has excellent performance, good processing performance, excellent low-temperature resistance, flame retardancy, and excellent antistatic properties, reaching the conductivity level, and the effect is long-lasting. The raw materials are environmentally friendly and non-toxic, the process is simple and feasible, and the overall performance is excellent. It can be widely used in the production process of various PVC compositions.

[0086] Although the present invention has been described in detail by way of preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various equivalent modifications or substitutions can be made to the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and essence of the invention, and such modifications or substitutions should all be within the scope of the present invention. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should also be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-temperature resistant, flame-retardant, and antistatic PVC composite material, characterized in that, The raw materials comprise the following parts by weight: 100 parts PVC resin, 2-5 parts stabilizer, 0.7-2 parts lubricant, 1-5 parts flame retardant, 1-6 parts processing aid, 70-90 parts plasticizer, and 12-19 parts carbon-based filler; wherein the flame retardant is antimony trioxide; and the plasticizer is 45 parts dioctyl phthalate, 20 parts di-n-octyl adipic acid, and 10 parts trichloroethyl phosphate; or, 46 parts dioctyl phthalate and 21 parts di-n-octyl adipic acid. 12 parts of trichloroethyl phosphate; or, 45 parts of dioctyl phthalate, 22 parts of di-n-octyl adipic acid, and 10 parts of trichloroethyl phosphate; or, 46 parts of dioctyl phthalate, 21 parts of di-n-octyl adipic acid, and 12 parts of trichloroethyl phosphate; or, 45 parts of dioctyl phthalate, 25 parts of di-n-octyl adipic acid, and 20 parts of trichloroethyl phosphate; or, 40 parts of dioctyl phthalate, 20 parts of di-n-octyl adipic acid, and 10 parts of trichloroethyl phosphate. The carbon-based filler is at least one of conductive carbon black, graphene, or carbon nanotubes. The preparation method of the low-temperature resistant, flame-retardant, and antistatic PVC composite material includes the following steps: S1. Weigh the PVC resin, stabilizer, lubricant, flame retardant, processing aid, and carbon filler according to the raw material ratio, add them to the high-speed mixer and mix. First mix at low speed, then mix at high speed until the temperature reaches 60℃. Then add the plasticizer and mix until the temperature reaches 105℃. After the material cools to room temperature, discharge it for later use. S2. The material obtained in step S1 is fed into a twin-screw extruder for extrusion and granulation. The temperatures of each zone of the twin-screw extruder barrel are 135℃, 140℃, 140℃, 145℃, 150℃, 145℃, and 150℃, respectively.

2. The low-temperature resistant, flame-retardant, and antistatic PVC composite material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The degree of polymerization of PVC resin is 1000~1500.

3. The low-temperature resistant, flame-retardant, and antistatic PVC composite material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The stabilizer is at least one of calcium-zinc stabilizer, lead salt stabilizer, or organotin stabilizer.

4. The low-temperature resistant, flame-retardant, and antistatic PVC composite material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lubricant is at least one of stearic acid, homopolymer polyethylene wax, or silicone powder.

5. The low-temperature resistant, flame-retardant, and antistatic PVC composite material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The processing aid is ACR processing aid.

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