Coating structure with strong stability

Abstract

The application provides a coating structure with strong stability, which solves the technical problems of insufficient bonding strength with a substrate, low wear resistance and low impact resistance of existing coatings. The coating structure with strong stability comprises a substrate and a coating arranged on the upper surface of the substrate; a plurality of support bodies are arranged inside the coating and face the upper surface of the substrate; one end of the support body close to the substrate is connected with the upper surface of the substrate; because the support body structure is embedded inside the coating, the support body is closely combined with the coating, so that when the coating is subjected to forces such as extrusion, friction and peeling, the support body bears most of the forces, greatly improves the impact resistance, friction resistance and peeling resistance of the coating, and prolongs the service life of the coating.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the invention patent with application number 202211216130X. Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to coating structures, and more particularly to a super-slippery surface composite coating with strong stability, its preparation method, and its coating structure. Background Technology

[0003] With the development of technology, there are more and more types of coatings. Common coatings include anti-rust paint, latex paint, wear-resistant paint, reflective paint, etc. There are many types of these coatings. Most of these coatings are attached to the substrate by adhesive force. Their bonding strength with the substrate varies greatly, and their wear resistance and impact resistance are low. They are often seen to peel off in the form of flakes, which affects their durability.

[0004] One type of super-lubricating surface coating, inspired by pitcher plants, involves creating a porous mesh structure on the material surface, injecting a lubricant into the mesh, and storing the lubricant within the mesh to form a lubricating layer on the surface. This lubricating layer enhances the slipperiness of the material surface.

[0005] Currently, there are two main strategies for preparing superlubricating surfaces on metallic materials. The first is to directly prepare a porous structure on the substrate surface, perform low surface energy treatment, and then inject a lubricant layer into the porous structure to achieve a superlubricating surface. This strategy has a limited capacity for storing lubricant, and the lubricant will gradually leak out after prolonged use, thus losing its ability to support the surface's superlubricating properties. The second strategy involves preparing a polymer superlubricating surface coating on the metal surface, also known as a self-secreting superlubricating surface. This coating can store a large amount of lubricant within itself, and when the surface lubricant layer is lost, it can continuously secrete lubricant from within the coating to the surface, restoring the superlubricating properties. However, due to material limitations, this type of self-secreting superlubricating surface coating has very weak mechanical strength, and the coating itself is very susceptible to damage from external forces, thus losing its superlubricating properties. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the technical problems of insufficient bonding strength with the substrate, low wear resistance and impact resistance of existing coatings, and weak mechanical strength of super-slippery surface coatings due to material limitations. The invention provides a super-slippery surface composite coating with strong stability, a preparation method, and a coating structure.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A composite coating for a super-slippery surface with strong stability is characterized by comprising a substrate, a coating, and a self-lubricating layer arranged sequentially from bottom to top.

[0009] The substrate is a metallic substrate;

[0010] The coating is a polymer material formed by mixing and curing a first lubricant and a polymer, and a second lubricant is stored in the gaps between the polymer molecules, which is used to allow the second lubricant to seep out from the gaps between the polymer molecules and form a self-lubricating layer on the coating surface.

[0011] Multiple supports are provided throughout the coating in the direction facing the substrate;

[0012] The support is a metal micropillar, with one end connected to the upper surface of the substrate and the other end connected to the lower surface of the self-lubricating layer, which is used to provide good strength support for the coating of polymer materials.

[0013] Furthermore, the support body is cylindrical, and the outer diameter of the support body gradually decreases from the end connected to the self-lubricating layer to the end connected to the base body, so that the support body has a structure that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom.

[0014] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the support body connected to the self-lubricating layer is 10-1000um, and the distance between two adjacent supports on the upper surface of the coating ranges from 50-1000um.

[0015] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the end of the support body connected to the self-lubricating layer is 50-400 μm;

[0016] The plurality of supports are arranged in an array, with the column spacing between two adjacent supports on the coating surface being 300-700um and the row spacing being 100-500um.

[0017] Furthermore, the coating is a polydimethylsiloxane gel;

[0018] The first lubricant is a first silicone oil with a viscosity range of 100 to 500 cps;

[0019] The polydimethylsiloxane gel is formed by mixing and curing a first silicone oil and polydimethylsiloxane in a volume ratio of (0.7-2.0):1.

[0020] The second lubricant is a second silicone oil with a viscosity range of 5 to 100 cps, and the viscosity of the second silicone oil is less than that of the first silicone oil.

[0021] Based on the above-mentioned highly stable super-slippery surface composite coating, the present invention also provides a method for preparing a highly stable super-slippery surface composite coating, which is characterized by including the following steps:

[0022] 1. The polymer prepolymer and curing agent are mixed to form a polymer precursor. The polymer precursor is mixed with the first lubricating liquid and stirred evenly to obtain a liquid polymer material.

[0023] 2. A liquid polymer material is coated on the upper surface of the substrate, and after curing, a polymer coating is formed on the upper surface of the substrate;

[0024] 3. Multiple through holes are prepared inside the coating in the direction facing the substrate, with one end of the through hole located on the upper surface of the substrate;

[0025] 4】Immerse the prepared through-hole coating and substrate into the electrolyte of the electrodeposition system for electrodeposition. Metallic elements will form in the multiple through-holes of the coating until the through-holes are filled, forming multiple corresponding supports.

[0026] 5】After drying the prepared support coating and substrate, immerse them in the second lubricating liquid so that the second lubricating liquid is adsorbed into the gaps between the polymer molecules of the coating.

[0027] 6】After removal, let stand. The second lubricant seeps out from the gaps between the polymer molecules of the coating and forms a self-lubricating layer on the coating surface, resulting in a super-smooth composite coating with strong stability.

[0028] Furthermore, step 3 specifically involves:

[0029] Multiple through-holes penetrating the coating are fabricated inside the coating and oriented toward the substrate using a femtosecond laser, with one end of the through-hole located on the upper surface of the substrate;

[0030] The upper diameter of the through hole ranges from 10 to 1000 μm, and the spacing between two adjacent through holes on the coating surface ranges from 50 to 1000 μm.

[0031] Furthermore, in step 3], the upper diameter of the through hole is 50-400 μm;

[0032] The multiple through holes are arranged in an array, with the column spacing between two adjacent through holes on the coating surface being 300-700um and the row spacing being 100-500um.

[0033] Furthermore, the coating is a polydimethylsiloxane gel;

[0034] Step 1】Specifically:

[0035] Polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer and curing agent are mixed in a volume ratio of (3-15):1 to form polydimethylsiloxane;

[0036] A first silicone oil with a viscosity range of 100 to 500 cps is mixed with the polydimethylsiloxane at a volume ratio of (0.7 to 2.0):1. After stirring evenly and vacuuming, a polydimethylsiloxane mixed solution is obtained.

[0037] Step 5 is as follows:

[0038] After the prepared support coating and substrate are dried, they are immersed in a second silicone oil with a viscosity range of 5 to 100 cps, so that the second silicone oil is adsorbed into the intermolecular spaces of the polymer material in the coating; the viscosity of the second silicone oil is less than that of the first silicone oil.

[0039] Step 6】Specifically:

[0040] After being removed and left to stand, the second silicone oil seeps out from the gaps between the polydimethylsiloxane gel molecules in the coating, forming a self-lubricating layer on the coating surface, resulting in a super-slippery composite coating with strong stability.

[0041] This invention also provides another method for preparing a super-slippery surface composite coating with strong stability, characterized by the following steps:

[0042] 1. Apply a uniform layer of mask to the upper surface of the substrate and allow it to dry;

[0043] 2】A plurality of through holes are made in the mask in the direction facing the substrate, such that one end of the through hole is located on the upper surface of the substrate (1);

[0044] 3】The substrate with the through holes prepared in the mask is immersed in the electrolyte of the electrodeposition system for electrodeposition. Metal element will be formed in the multiple through holes of the mask until the through holes are filled to form multiple supports.

[0045] 4. Remove the mask from the substrate surface to obtain multiple supports deposited on the upper surface of the substrate;

[0046] 5. The polymer prepolymer and curing agent are mixed to form a polymer precursor. The polymer precursor is mixed with the first lubricating liquid and stirred evenly to obtain a liquid polymer material.

[0047] 6】The liquid polymer material prepared in step 5】fills the gaps between multiple supports on the upper surface of the substrate obtained in step 4】. After the liquid polymer material is cured, a coating of polymer material encapsulating the supports is formed on the upper surface of the substrate.

[0048] 7】After drying the coating and substrate of the support prepared in step 6】, immerse them in the second lubricating liquid so that the second lubricating liquid is adsorbed into the gaps between the polymer molecules of the coating.

[0049] 8】After removal, let stand. The second lubricant seeps out and forms a self-lubricating layer on the coating surface, resulting in a super-smooth surface composite coating with strong stability.

[0050] Furthermore, step 2 specifically involves:

[0051] Multiple through-holes penetrating the mask are fabricated inside the mask and facing the substrate using a femtosecond laser, with one end of the through-hole located on the upper surface of the substrate;

[0052] The upper diameter of the through hole ranges from 10 to 1000 μm, and the spacing between two adjacent through holes on the coating surface ranges from 50 to 1000 μm.

[0053] Furthermore, in step 2], the upper diameter of the through hole is 50-400 μm;

[0054] The multiple through holes are arranged in an array, with the column spacing between two adjacent through holes on the coating surface being 300-700um and the row spacing being 100-500um.

[0055] Furthermore, in step 1], the mask is a soluble polymer material.

[0056] Furthermore, the coating is a polydimethylsiloxane gel;

[0057] Step 5 is as follows:

[0058] Polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer and curing agent are mixed in a volume ratio of (3-15):1 to form polydimethylsiloxane;

[0059] A first silicone oil with a viscosity range of 100 to 500 cps is mixed with the polydimethylsiloxane at a volume ratio of (0.7 to 2.0):1. After stirring evenly and vacuuming, a polydimethylsiloxane mixed solution is obtained.

[0060] Step 7 will be specified as follows:

[0061] After the prepared composite coating is dried, it is immersed in a second silicone oil with a viscosity range of 5 to 100 cps, so that the second silicone oil is adsorbed into the intermolecular space of the polymer material in the coating; the viscosity of the second silicone oil is less than that of the first silicone oil.

[0062] Step 8 is as follows:

[0063] After being removed and left to stand, the second silicone oil seeps out from the gaps between the polydimethylsiloxane gel molecules in the coating, forming a self-lubricating layer on the coating surface, resulting in a super-slippery composite coating with strong stability.

[0064] The present invention also provides a coating structure with strong stability, which is characterized in that it includes a substrate and a coating disposed on the upper surface of the substrate;

[0065] Multiple supports are provided inside the coating in the direction facing the upper surface of the substrate; the end of the support near the substrate is connected to the upper surface of the substrate, providing good strength support for the coating.

[0066] Furthermore, the height of the support is greater than or equal to the thickness of the coating.

[0067] Furthermore, it also includes a self-lubricating layer;

[0068] The substrate has a liquid storage chamber and a microchannel inside. One end of the microchannel is connected to the liquid storage chamber, and the other end is located on the upper surface of the substrate.

[0069] The reservoir contains lubricating fluid, which diffuses to the upper surface of the coating through microchannels and molecular gaps in the coating to form a self-lubricating layer.

[0070] Furthermore, it also includes a self-lubricating layer;

[0071] The substrate has a liquid storage chamber and a microchannel one communicating with it; the coating has a microchannel two communicating with the microchannel one; the other end of the microchannel two is located on the upper surface of the coating.

[0072] The reservoir contains lubricating fluid, which diffuses to the upper surface of the coating through microchannel one and microchannel two to form a self-lubricating layer.

[0073] Furthermore, the second microchannel is a hollow support structure.

[0074] Furthermore, an infusion tube is provided inside the substrate, with one end of the infusion tube connected to the liquid storage chamber and the other end located on the side surface of the substrate;

[0075] The infusion tube is equipped with a connector at the port on the side surface of the substrate for replenishing liquid or gas into the storage chamber.

[0076] Furthermore, the adjacent two supports are cross-connected to form a mesh-like support structure.

[0077] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are as follows:

[0078] 1. The present invention provides a super-slippery surface composite coating with strong stability. Multiple supports are arranged in the coating facing the substrate. The multiple supports provide good strength support for the polymer material coating, which originally has very low mechanical strength. The combination of polymer material coating and supports can not only maintain the integrity of the self-secreting structure of the composite coating and store a large amount of lubricant to maintain super-slippery performance, but also have high mechanical strength and can cope with various external forces such as friction, impact, scratches, etc., which significantly improves the durability of the composite coating and extends the service life of the composite coating in harsh environments.

[0079] 2. The present invention provides a super-slippery surface composite coating with strong stability, wherein a self-lubricating layer is provided on the upper surface of the coating, which can further improve the lubrication performance of the composite coating.

[0080] 3. The present invention provides a super-smooth surface composite coating with strong stability, which sets multiple supports into a structure with the upper part larger than the lower part. Since the supports and the substrate are an integral structure, the area of ​​the coating and the substrate is increased, so that the polymer material coating adheres more firmly to the substrate.

[0081] 4. The present invention provides a method for preparing a super-smooth surface composite coating with strong stability. Multiple through holes are prepared in the coating or mask, and the insulation of the coating or mask and the conductivity of the metal substrate are used to deposit a plurality of metal micropillars as supports in the through holes of the coating or mask. One end of the support prepared by this method can be rooted in the upper surface of the substrate, providing strength support for the polymer material coating with low mechanical strength.

[0082] 5. The present invention provides a coating structure with strong stability. Because a support structure is embedded inside the coating, the support is closely attached to the coating. Therefore, when the coating is subjected to forces such as compression, friction, and peeling, the support can bear most of the forces, thereby greatly improving the impact resistance, friction resistance and peeling resistance of the coating and greatly extending the service life of the coating.

[0083] 6. The present invention provides a coating structure with strong stability, wherein a liquid storage chamber is provided in the substrate, and the liquid or gas inside the liquid storage chamber enters the coating, which enables some functional materials to have a longer service life. Furthermore, the liquid storage chamber is connected to the outside of the substrate through a liquid delivery pipe, which can further replenish the liquid loss inside the liquid storage chamber, thereby enabling the coating to maintain the required properties for a long time, filling the gap in this type of coating structure product. Attached Figure Description

[0084] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram of a method for preparing a highly stable super-slippery surface composite coating according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention (step 1 is not shown);

[0085] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of electrodeposition in the preparation method of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0086] Figure 3 This is a process flow diagram of a method for preparing a highly stable super-slippery surface composite coating according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention (steps 5 and 7 are not shown);

[0087] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a coating structure with strong stability according to Embodiment Thirteen of the present invention;

[0088] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a coating structure with strong stability according to Embodiment Fourteen of the present invention.

[0089] The specific attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0090] 1-Substrate; 2-Coating; 3-Support; 4-Self-lubricating layer; 5-Reservoir; 6-Infusion tube; 7-Connector. Detailed Implementation

[0091] To make the advantages and features of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0092] Example 1

[0093] A highly stable, ultra-slippery surface composite coating includes a metallic substrate 1, a coating 2 disposed on the upper surface of the substrate 1, and a self-lubricating layer 4 disposed on the upper surface of the coating 2. Multiple supports 3 arranged in an array are disposed throughout the coating 2, extending towards the substrate 1. Each support 3 is a metal micropillar with the same height as the coating 2. One end of each support 3 near the substrate 1 is connected to the upper surface of the substrate 1, and the other end is connected to the lower surface of the self-lubricating layer 4. In other embodiments, the height of the support 3 may be slightly higher than the height of the coating 2. Coating 2 is a polymer material formed by mixing and curing a first lubricant and a polymer. A second lubricant is stored within the molecular gaps of the polymer material, allowing the second lubricant to seep out from these gaps and form a self-lubricating layer 4 on the surface of coating 2. In this embodiment, coating 2 is a polydimethylsiloxane gel (S-PDMS), which is formed by mixing and curing a first silicone oil with a viscosity of 350 cps and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) at a volume ratio of 0.9:1. In other embodiments where coating 2 is a polydimethylsiloxane gel, a first silicone oil with a viscosity range of 100–500 cps and polydimethylsiloxane at a volume ratio of (0.7–2.0):1 can also be used. Coating 2 in this invention can also be made of other polymer materials, such as other polymeric silicone gels, or hydrogels such as acrylamide hydrogel, polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel, or cellulose hydrogel, all of which are lubricating materials that can absorb and store the second lubricant within their molecular gaps. In this embodiment, both the first and second lubricants in the hydrogel are deionized water, and the deionized water stored in the intermolecular spaces of the hydrogel seeps out and forms a self-lubricating layer 4 on the surface of the hydrogel. The polydimethylsiloxane gel in this embodiment is a lubricating material; immersing it in the second lubricant allows it to store a large amount of the second lubricant in its intermolecular spaces, ensuring that the second lubricant can seep out and form a self-lubricating layer 4 on the surface of the polydimethylsiloxane gel. In this embodiment, the second lubricant is a silicone oil with a viscosity range of 50 cps. In other embodiments of the invention, the viscosity of the second silicone oil can be selected within the range of 5 to 100 cps, ensuring that the viscosity of the second silicone oil is less than that of the first silicone oil. In other embodiments of the invention, liquid paraffin or similar materials can also be selected as the second lubricant.In actual use, when the content of the second silicone oil reaches the storage capacity of polydimethylsiloxane, the second silicone oil adsorbed in the intermolecular gaps of the polydimethylsiloxane gel will spontaneously seep out, forming a self-lubricating layer on the surface of the polydimethylsiloxane gel. At the same time, the self-lubricating layer will adsorb the second silicone oil in the intermolecular gaps of the polydimethylsiloxane gel until the second silicone oil is below the minimum adsorption concentration, at which point the second silicone oil can no longer be released. However, since the polydimethylsiloxane gel is a linear silicone oil before solidification, it also has a certain degree of lubricity. Therefore, even if the self-lubricating layer 4, which is mainly composed of the second silicone oil, is completely consumed during use, the polydimethylsiloxane gel covering the surface of the substrate 1 still has hydrophobicity and lubricity. In this invention, the support 3 is preferably cylindrical, and its outer diameter at the end connected to the self-lubricating layer 4 is usually set to 10-1000 μm. The spacing between two adjacent support 3 on the upper surface of the coating 2 is in the range of 50-1000 μm. In order to further improve the mechanical support strength of the coating 2, the multiple support 3 in this embodiment are arranged in an array. The outer diameter of the support 3 at the end connected to the self-lubricating layer is 100 μm, the column spacing between two adjacent support 3 on the upper surface of the coating 2 is 588 μm, and the row spacing is 235 μm.

[0094] The coating 2 formed by polydimethylsiloxane gel is combined with the array-distributed support 3, which not only enables the coating 2 to maintain the integrity of its self-secreting structure and store a large amount of second lubricant to maintain super-lubricating performance, but also has high mechanical strength and can cope with various external forces such as friction, impact, and scratches.

[0095] Example 2

[0096] Based on the highly stable super-slippery surface composite metal coating of Example 1, Example 2 provides a method for preparing a highly stable super-slippery surface composite metal coating, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0097] 1. Polydimethylsiloxane and a curing agent are mixed at a volume ratio of 8:1 to form a polydimethylsiloxane precursor. The polydimethylsiloxane precursor is then mixed with a first silicone oil with a viscosity of 350 cps at a volume ratio of 0.9:1. The mixture is thoroughly stirred and then vacuumed to obtain a polydimethylsiloxane mixed solution. In other embodiments of the present invention, the volume ratio of polydimethylsiloxane to curing agent can be (3-15):1, and the volume ratio of polydimethylsiloxane precursor to first silicone oil can be (0.7-2.0):1. The specific values ​​can be adjusted according to the usage requirements and the selection parameters of the three components.

[0098] 2) The prepared polydimethylsiloxane mixture solution is coated onto the upper surface of substrate 1. The polydimethylsiloxane mixture solution is cured to form a polydimethylsiloxane gel, i.e., coating 2, on the upper surface of substrate 1. The curing process of the polydimethylsiloxane mixture solution can preferably be carried out at a high temperature above 85°C. Furthermore, to ensure the adhesion between the polydimethylsiloxane gel and the upper surface of substrate 1, in this embodiment, the surface of substrate 1 needs to be cleaned and polished before coating the upper surface of substrate 1 with the polydimethylsiloxane mixture solution to make its surface smooth and free of contaminants.

[0099] 3) A femtosecond laser is used to perform ablation scanning on the upper surface of coating 2. Preferably, the femtosecond laser scanning is set to ablation scanning of a micro-hole array, so that multiple through-holes arranged in an array and penetrating coating 2 are ablated in the direction facing the substrate 1. In this invention, the upper diameter of the through-holes ranges from 10 to 1000 μm, and the spacing between two adjacent through-holes ranges from 50 to 1000 μm. To ensure better strength support, the smaller the diameter of the through-holes and the spacing between two adjacent through-holes on the upper surface of coating 2, the better. However, it is necessary to determine this in combination with the characteristics of the polydimethylsiloxane gel in coating 2 and the femtosecond laser ablation process. Preferably, in this embodiment, the upper diameter of the through-holes is 100 μm, the column spacing between two adjacent through-holes on the upper surface of coating 2 is 588 μm, and the row spacing is 235 μm. In other embodiments, if it is necessary to ablate through-holes of different sizes or through-holes of different sizes at the top and bottom, this can be achieved by setting the femtosecond laser.

[0100] 4】For example Figure 2 As shown, the substrate 1 with the prepared coating 2 and through-holes from step 3 is immersed in the electrolyte of the electrodeposition system. The metal substrate 1 is connected to the cathode of the electrodeposition system, and the anode is a metal material corresponding to the metal ions in the electrolyte. Since the metal material of the anode is homogeneous with the metal ions in the electrolyte, the metal ions in the electrolyte will be reduced by electrons on the surface of the substrate 1 at the bottom of the arrayed through-holes located at the cathode, forming elemental metal. This allows the deposited elemental metal to be integrated with the surface of the metal substrate 1, and the elemental metal grows along the through-holes ablated by the femtosecond laser until the through-holes are filled. Arrayed metal micropillars are formed within the coating 2, i.e., multiple arrayed supports 3 are formed. The un-ablated areas of the coating 2 cannot be deposited due to their insulation properties; therefore, the arrayed supports 3 are "embedded" in the coating 2 through the through-holes. Preferably, to accelerate the deposition speed, bubbles or magnetic beads are used to thoroughly stir the electrolyte during deposition.

[0101] 5. After drying the composite coating of the prepared support 3, immerse it entirely in a second silicone oil with a viscosity of 50 cps for at least 24 hours. In other embodiments of the present invention, a second silicone oil with a viscosity range of 5 to 100 cps can also be used for immersion. The viscosity of the second silicone oil should not be higher than that of the first silicone oil. This allows the second silicone oil to be adsorbed into the intermolecular gaps of the polydimethylsiloxane gel. After immersion, the gel is removed. The low-viscosity second silicone oil in the intermolecular gaps of the polydimethylsiloxane gel will spontaneously seep out onto the surface of the polydimethylsiloxane gel to form a self-lubricating layer 4, resulting in a super-slippery composite coating with strong stability.

[0102] Example 3

[0103] The manufacturing method of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 2. The difference is that the viscosity of the first silicone oil is 100, the volume ratio of the first silicone oil to polydimethylsiloxane is 1.4:1, the viscosity of the second silicone oil is 10, and the column spacing of two adjacent through holes on the surface of the coating 2 is 833um and the row spacing is 333um.

[0104] Example 4

[0105] The manufacturing method of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 2. The difference is that the viscosity of the first silicone oil is 250, the volume ratio of the first silicone oil to polydimethylsiloxane is 1.1:1, the viscosity of the second silicone oil is 35, and the column spacing of two adjacent through holes on the surface of the coating 2 is 380um and the row spacing is 150um.

[0106] Example 5

[0107] The manufacturing method of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 2. The difference is that the viscosity of the first silicone oil is 400, the volume ratio of the first silicone oil to polydimethylsiloxane is 0.7:1, the viscosity of the second silicone oil is 75, and the column spacing of two adjacent through holes on the surface of the coating 2 is 476um and the row spacing is 194um.

[0108] Example 6

[0109] The manufacturing method of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 2. The difference is that the viscosity of the first silicone oil is 500, the volume ratio of the first silicone oil to polydimethylsiloxane is 0.4:1, the viscosity of the second silicone oil is 100, and the column spacing of two adjacent through holes on the surface of the coating 2 is 340um and the row spacing is 136um.

[0110] Table 1. Specific values ​​of each parameter in Examples 3-6

[0111]

[0112] Table 1 shows the specific values ​​of various parameters for the viscosity of the first silicone oil, the volume ratio of the first silicone oil to polydimethylsiloxane, and the viscosity of the second silicone oil in Examples 3-6. It can be seen that the viscosity of the first silicone oil is related to the amount of first silicone oil used when preparing the polydimethylsiloxane mixed solution. In this invention, the viscosity range of the first silicone oil is 100–500 cps. When the viscosity of the first silicone oil is lower, the volume of the first silicone oil used in the polydimethylsiloxane mixed solution will be larger; similarly, when the viscosity of the first silicone oil is higher, the volume of the first silicone oil used in the polymer solution will be smaller. The preparation of polydimethylsiloxane mixed solutions generally follows a volume ratio of (0.1-1.5):1 for the first silicone oil and polydimethylsiloxane. Specifically, when the viscosity of the first silicone oil is 100-200 cps, a volume ratio of (1.2-1.5):1 for the first silicone oil will yield better results; when the viscosity of the first silicone oil is 200-400 cps, a volume ratio of (0.5-1.2):1 for the first silicone oil will yield better results; and when the viscosity of the first silicone oil is 400-500 cps, a volume ratio of (0.1-0.5):1 for the first silicone oil will yield better results. When the viscosity of the first silicone oil is greater than 500 cps, the viscosity is too high, making it difficult to stir and mix during the preparation of the polydimethylsiloxane mixed solution, and the cured coating will have poor toughness and be easily damaged. In addition, as can be seen from Table 1, the column spacing and row spacing of two adjacent through holes on the upper surface of coating 2 are positively correlated. By setting appropriate values ​​for the column spacing and row spacing of two adjacent through holes on the upper surface of coating 2, the support strength of the support body 3 can be optimized.

[0113] Example 7

[0114] This embodiment provides a highly stable, ultra-slippery surface composite coating. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the outer diameter of the support 3 gradually decreases from the end connected to the self-lubricating layer 4 towards the end connected to the substrate 1, resulting in multiple supports 3 having a structure that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. In addition to the effects of Embodiment 1, this embodiment also features a smaller outer diameter at the end of the support 3 connected to the upper surface of the substrate 1, which increases the contact area between the coating 2 and the upper surface of the substrate 1, allowing the coating 2 to adhere more firmly to the upper surface of the substrate 1.

[0115] Example 8

[0116] Based on the highly stable super-slippery surface composite coating of Example 7, this invention also provides a method for preparing a highly stable super-slippery surface composite coating, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0117] 1. A mask is uniformly coated onto the surface of substrate 1 and then dried. The mask used in this invention is a removable mask. Preferably, the mask in this embodiment is liquid paraffin, but other soluble polymer materials can also be selected in other embodiments. In order to better coat and ensure the coating effect, the surface of substrate 1 needs to be cleaned, polished and smoothed before coating to ensure that the surface is free of contaminants.

[0118] 2) A femtosecond laser is used to perform ablation scanning on the surface of a substrate 1 coated with a mask. Preferably, the femtosecond laser scanning is set as an ablation scan of a micro-hole array, ablating multiple through-holes arranged in an array and penetrating the mask in the direction facing the substrate 1. Since the mask has a certain thickness, generally around several hundred micrometers, as the femtosecond laser ablates downwards from the mask surface, the interaction position between the laser and the mask gradually moves away from the focal point, and the energy gradually weakens. Therefore, the shape of the ablated through-holes is a funnel shape, i.e., a structure that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. In the femtosecond laser ablation process, the upper diameter of the ablated through-hole is set to be in the range of 10-1000 μm, and the spacing between two adjacent through-holes on the upper surface of coating 2 is in the range of 50-1000 μm. To ensure better strength support, the upper diameter of the through-hole and the spacing between two adjacent through-holes should be as small as possible. However, it is necessary to determine this in combination with the characteristics of coating 2 and the femtosecond laser ablation process. Preferably, in this embodiment, the upper diameter of the through-hole is 100 μm, the column spacing between two adjacent through-holes on the upper surface of coating 2 is 588 μm, and the row spacing is 235 μm.

[0119] 3】The substrate 1 with the through-holes prepared in step 2】is completely immersed in the electrolyte of the electrodeposition system. The metal substrate 1 is connected to the cathode of the electrodeposition system. The anode is a metal material corresponding to the metal ions in the electrolyte. The metal material of the anode is homogeneous with the metal ions in the electrolyte. Therefore, the metal ions in the electrolyte will be reduced by electrons on the upper surface of the substrate 1 at the bottom of the arrayed through-holes located at the cathode to form elemental metal. The deposited elemental metal is connected to the upper surface of the substrate 1 as a whole. The elemental metal grows along the through-holes ablated by the femtosecond laser until the through-holes are filled. Multiple arrayed metal micropillars are formed in the mask, that is, multiple arrayed supports 3 are formed. Since the through-holes have a structure that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, the metal micropillars deposited in the through-holes also have a structure that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. The parts of the mask that are not ablated cannot be deposited due to their insulation. Therefore, the arrayed metal micropillars, that is, the supports 3, are "embedded" in the mask through the through-holes. Preferably, using air bubbles or magnetic beads to thoroughly stir the electrolyte during deposition can accelerate the deposition process.

[0120] 4. Remove the mask from the surface of substrate 1 to obtain substrate 1 and multiple metal micropillars deposited on the upper surface of substrate 1, i.e., support 3. There are many ways to remove the mask, including solvent removal, heating removal, and laser scanning removal. In this embodiment, solvent removal is used.

[0121] 5. Polydimethylsiloxane and curing agent are mixed at a volume ratio of 8:1 to form a polydimethylsiloxane precursor. The polydimethylsiloxane precursor is then mixed with a first silicone oil with a viscosity of 350 cps at a volume ratio of 0.9:1. The mixture is thoroughly stirred and then vacuumed to obtain a polydimethylsiloxane mixed solution. In other embodiments of the present invention, the volume ratio of polydimethylsiloxane to curing agent can be (3-15):1, and the volume ratio of polydimethylsiloxane precursor to first silicone oil can be (0.7-2.0):1. The specific values ​​can be adjusted according to the usage requirements and the selection parameters of the three components.

[0122] 6】The polydimethylsiloxane mixed solution prepared in step 5】fills the gaps between multiple metal micropillars on the upper surface of the substrate 1 obtained in step 4】. After the polydimethylsiloxane mixed solution is cured, a polymer material coating that wraps the metal micropillars is formed on the upper surface of the substrate 1, that is, the coating 2 that wraps the support 3.

[0123] 7. After drying the coating 2 and substrate 1 prepared in step 6], immerse the entire assembly in a second silicone oil with a viscosity of 50 cps for at least 24 hours. In other embodiments of the present invention, a second silicone oil with a viscosity range of 5-100 cps can also be used for immersion. The viscosity of the second silicone oil should not be higher than that of the first silicone oil. This allows the second silicone oil to be adsorbed into the intermolecular gaps of the polydimethylsiloxane gel. After immersion, remove the gel. The low-viscosity second silicone oil within the intermolecular gaps of the polydimethylsiloxane gel will spontaneously seep out onto the surface of the polydimethylsiloxane gel to form a self-lubricating layer 4, resulting in a highly stable, ultra-slippery composite coating.

[0124] Example 9

[0125] The manufacturing method of this embodiment is basically the same as that of embodiment eight. The difference is that the viscosity of the first silicone oil is 100, the volume ratio of the first silicone oil to polydimethylsiloxane is 1.4:1, the viscosity of the second silicone oil is 10, and the column spacing of two adjacent through holes on the surface of coating 2 is 833um and the row spacing is 333um.

[0126] Example 10

[0127] The manufacturing method of this embodiment is basically the same as that of embodiment eight. The difference is that the viscosity of the first silicone oil is 250, the volume ratio of the first silicone oil to polydimethylsiloxane is 1.1:1, the viscosity of the second silicone oil is 35, and the column spacing of two adjacent through holes on the surface of coating 2 is 380um and the row spacing is 150um.

[0128] Example 11

[0129] The manufacturing method of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 2. The difference is that the viscosity of the first silicone oil is 400, the volume ratio of the first silicone oil to polydimethylsiloxane is 0.7:1, the viscosity of the second silicone oil is 75, and the column spacing of two adjacent through holes on the surface of the coating 2 is 476um and the row spacing is 194um.

[0130] Example 12

[0131] The manufacturing method of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 2. The difference is that the viscosity of the first silicone oil is 500, the volume ratio of the first silicone oil to polydimethylsiloxane is 0.4:1, the viscosity of the second silicone oil is 100, and the column spacing of two adjacent through holes on the surface of the coating 2 is 340um and the row spacing is 136um.

[0132] Table 2. Specific values ​​of each parameter in Examples 9-12

[0133]

[0134]

[0135] Table 2 shows the specific values ​​of the viscosity of the first silicone oil, the volume ratio of the first silicone oil to polydimethylsiloxane, the viscosity of the second silicone oil, and the column spacing and row spacing of two adjacent through holes on the surface of coating 2 in Examples 9-12. When preparing the polydimethylsiloxane mixed solution, the selection and preparation methods of each parameter, as well as the selection and values ​​of the column spacing and row spacing of two adjacent through holes on the surface of coating 2, are the same as those in Examples 2-6 of this invention.

[0136] The above are only some preferred embodiments of the present invention. In other embodiments of the present invention, coating 2 can also be made of other polymeric materials, such as other polymeric silicone gels, as well as hydrogels such as acrylamide hydrogel, polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel, or cellulose hydrogel. The preparation method can use existing publicly available formulation methods to obtain the corresponding liquid polymeric materials. When coating 2 is a hydrogel, since a large amount of deionized water is already stored in its molecular gaps during preparation, it does not need to be soaked. The deionized water in the molecular gaps of the hydrogel can spontaneously seep out, forming a self-lubricating layer 4 on the surface of the hydrogel.

[0137] This invention addresses the limitations of existing super-lubricating surfaces, such as limited lubricant storage and low mechanical strength. Multiple through-holes are created in the coating 2 or mask, and multiple metal micropillars, i.e., multiple supports 3, are deposited within these through-holes, utilizing the insulation of the coating 2 or mask and the conductivity of the metal substrate 1. One end of each support 3 is embedded in the upper surface of the substrate 1, providing strength support for the originally low-mechanical-strength polymer coating 2. This combination forms a composite coating of coating 2 and supports 3, which can store a large amount of lubricant to maintain super-lubricating properties while possessing high mechanical strength. This allows it to withstand various harsh environments and external forces such as friction, impact, and scratches, significantly improving the durability of the polymer material in coating 2 and extending the service life of the composite coating in harsh environments.

[0138] Example 13

[0139] like Figure 4 As shown, a highly stable coating structure includes a substrate 1 and a coating 2 disposed on the upper surface of the substrate 1. Multiple supports 3 arranged in an array are disposed inside the coating 2 facing the upper surface of the substrate 1 to enhance the mechanical support strength of the coating 2. The height of each support 3 is at least one-quarter of the height of the coating 2. It can be vertically or obliquely fixed to the upper surface of the substrate 1. In this embodiment, the height of the support 3 is preferably the same as the height of the coating 2. The support 3 is disposed throughout the coating 2, with its end near the substrate 1 connected to the upper surface of the substrate 1. Because the support 3 is integrally formed with the substrate 1, the contact area between the coating 2 and the substrate 1 is increased, greatly improving the bonding strength between the coating 2 and the substrate 1, thereby helping to prevent the coating 2 from peeling off. Meanwhile, the support 3 can be made of metal, ceramic, polymer, or other materials. By selecting a suitable material for the support 3, its hardness and wear resistance are made higher than those of the coating 2. When an external force comes into contact with the coating, the support 3 bears most of the friction and impact from the external force, thus protecting the structural integrity of the coating 2. The setting and material selection of the support 3 can improve the firmness of the coating 2, increase its friction resistance and impact resistance, and extend its service life. In this embodiment, the coating 2 is made of polymer. Since the hardness and wear resistance of metal are higher than those of polymer, the support 3 is set as a columnar structure of multiple metals. In other embodiments of the present invention, the support 3 can also be set as a spiral structure or other structures. When the support 3 is set as a spiral structure, the support 3 has a certain elasticity and can expand and contract together with the coating 2 when the external temperature changes. Furthermore, two adjacent supports 3 are cross-connected to each other to form a mesh support structure.

[0140] Example 14

[0141] like Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment, based on embodiment thirteen, further includes a self-lubricating layer 4. The substrate 1 contains a liquid storage chamber 5 and microchannels. One end of the microchannels connects to the liquid storage chamber 5, and the other end is located on the upper surface of the substrate 1. The liquid storage chamber 5 stores lubricating fluid, which diffuses through the microchannels to the upper surface of the substrate 1 to which the coating 2 is attached, and diffuses through the gaps between the molecules or atoms of the coating 2 to the surface of the coating 2, forming the self-lubricating layer 4. In other embodiments, the liquid storage chamber 5 can also store functional liquids or gases. Depending on the functional liquid or gas in the liquid storage chamber 5, combined with different materials of the coating 2, various functions can be achieved, such as cooling the surface of the coating 2, or making the surface of the coating 2 smooth, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, oleophilic, oleophobic, or anti-fogging. For example, a coating 2 with super-lubricating properties requires silicone oil to adhere to its surface to achieve super-lubricity. When the silicone oil on the surface of the coating 2 is consumed during use, the silicone oil in the liquid storage chamber 5 inside the substrate 1 can replenish the lost silicone oil on the surface of the coating 2, thereby maintaining the super-lubricating properties of the coating. The substrate 1 is also equipped with an infusion tube 6. One end of the infusion tube 6 is connected to the liquid storage chamber 5, and the other end is located on the side surface of the substrate 1. The port of the infusion tube 6 located on the side surface of the substrate 1 is equipped with a connector 7. Through the connector 7, more of the required liquid or gas can be delivered to the liquid storage chamber 5 through the infusion tube 6. This can ensure that the special functions of the coating 2 surface are effective for a long time.

[0142] Example 15

[0143] The difference between the highly stable coating structure provided in this embodiment and that of Embodiment Fourteen is that the substrate 1 has a liquid storage cavity 5 and a microchannel 1 communicating with it, while the coating 2 has a microchannel 2 communicating with the microchannel 1, with the other end of the microchannel 2 located on the upper surface of the coating 2. Preferably, in this embodiment, the support 3 is a hollow structure and communicates with the microchannel 1, that is, the hollow support 3 is used as the microchannel 2. The liquid storage cavity 5 stores lubricating fluid, which diffuses to the upper surface of the coating 2 through the microchannel 1 and the hollow support 3, forming a self-lubricating layer 4.

[0144] The above description is only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and is not intended to limit them. For those skilled in the art, modifications can be made to the specific technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. However, these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. A coating structure with strong stability, characterized in that: Includes a substrate (1) and a coating (2) disposed on the upper surface of the substrate (1); The coating (2) has multiple supports (3) arranged inside it in the direction facing the upper surface of the substrate (1); one end of the support (3) near the substrate (1) is connected to the upper surface of the substrate (1); The substrate (1) is provided with a liquid storage cavity (5) and a microchannel. One end of the microchannel is connected to the liquid storage cavity (5), and the other end is located on the upper surface of the substrate (1). The liquid storage cavity (5) stores lubricating liquid. The lubricating liquid diffuses to the upper surface of the coating (2) through the microchannel and the molecular gap of the coating (2) to form a self-lubricating layer (4). Alternatively, the substrate (1) is provided with a liquid storage chamber (5) and a microchannel one connected thereto; the coating (2) is provided with a microchannel two connected to the microchannel one; the other end of the microchannel two is located on the upper surface of the coating (2); the liquid storage chamber (5) stores lubricating liquid, and the lubricating liquid diffuses to the upper surface of the coating (2) through the microchannel one and the microchannel two to form a self-lubricating layer (4). An infusion tube (6) is provided inside the substrate (1). One end of the infusion tube (6) is connected to the liquid storage chamber (5), and the other end is located on the side surface of the substrate (1). The infusion tube (6) is provided with a connector (7) at the port on the side surface of the substrate (1).

2. The coating structure with high stability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the support (3) is equal to or slightly higher than the thickness of the coating (2).

3. The coating structure with high stability according to claim 2, characterized in that: The microchannel 2 is a hollow support structure (3).

4. The coating structure with high stability according to claim 3, characterized in that... : The two adjacent supports (3) are cross-connected to form a mesh support structure.

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