A foundation pit monitoring system and method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of foundation pit monitoring system and method, system includes first measuring module, second measuring module and cloud platform.The cloud platform is configured to: based on the anchor rod internal force obtained by first measuring module, establish the anchor rod internal force variable set associated with each other in monitoring period and monitoring height in at least one foundation pit construction process, and based on historical database, establish soil environmental factor set;The anchor rod internal force variable set and soil environmental factor set are constructed into correlation analysis model;Based on the result of qualitative analysis to correlation analysis model, the deep horizontal displacement obtained by second measuring module is evaluated.The present application utilizes the correlation of deep horizontal displacement and anchor rod internal force, can reflect the deformation degree of soil to a certain extent by the change value of anchor rod internal force, and then make early warning to inclinometer tube that occurs a certain degree of deformation, avoid the situation that inclinometer is still unknowingly placed into inclinometer tube by measurer under the condition of inclinometer being stuck, so that the situation that inclinometer cannot be recovered occurs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of foundation pit monitoring technology, and in particular to a foundation pit monitoring system and method. Background Technology

[0002] The development of foundation pit monitoring technology has evolved from traditional manual observation to modern automation and intelligence. Traditional manual observation methods relied mainly on manual operation of various instruments to measure parameters such as horizontal displacement, settlement, tilt, stress, earth pressure, and groundwater level. Modern automated and intelligent foundation pit monitoring methods primarily utilize technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), installing various sensors or inclinometers to achieve real-time, continuous, and comprehensive monitoring of the foundation pit, thereby obtaining deformation and risk assessment results. However, due to the inherent dangers of deep foundation pit construction, many detection devices are at risk of being unrecoverable or damaged, leading not only to significant cost risks but also potentially causing dangerous construction accidents due to untimely monitoring data. For example, inclinometers need to measure deep horizontal displacement within the foundation pit using inclinometer tubes. Due to the uncertainties during foundation pit construction, the soil structure is prone to deformation or settlement, causing the inclinometer tube placed in the pit to deform or even break. If the inclinometer measures deep horizontal displacement when the surrounding soil structure changes, the measurement data may be inaccurate, or the inclinometer may even be unable to be retrieved from the inclinometer tube.

[0003] CN 114964093A discloses a deep horizontal displacement device for deep foundation pits in subway stations, including an inclinometer tube and a main body. The main body includes an inclinometer and a control cable. The control cable is equipped with a tension detection mechanism. An inclinometer probe is provided at the other end of the inclinometer, and an inclinometer reading instrument is connected to the other end of the control cable. A servo motor and a control device are provided inside the inclinometer. The servo motor is connected to a first sprocket and a second sprocket. A third sprocket is provided above the first sprocket. A second shaft is provided on the third sprocket. Both ends of the second shaft are provided with bevel gears. One bevel gear is fitted with a bevel gear at its upper end. The bevel gear is connected to a guide wheel and is relatively fixed through transmission. The other bevel gear is fitted with a bevel gear at its lower end. The bevel gear is connected to a guide wheel and is relatively fixed through transmission. Similarly, a fourth sprocket is provided below the second sprocket. Two corresponding guide wheels are also provided at both ends of the fourth sprocket. This allows the guide wheels to avoid obstacles during retrieval by rotating the inclinometer, thereby maintaining normal retrieval. However, the patent does not consider the problem that the inclinometer cannot be effectively retrieved from the inclinometer tube if the inclinometer tube undergoes abnormal deformation due to soil deformation, and simply rotating the inclinometer cannot effectively avoid obstacles.

[0004] Current technology uses inclinometers to measure deep displacement in deep foundation pits. The inclinometer works by using inclinometer sensors to measure the inclination angle within the borehole, and then calculating the displacement using geometric relationships. However, this method requires placing the inclinometer inside a inclinometer tube and measuring the inclination displacement at fixed points along the tube's guide rails to understand the deformation within the borehole. If the surrounding soil deforms, the inclinometer tube may break or deform, preventing the inclinometer from entering for measurement or being retrieved.

[0005] Existing technologies, in conjunction with inclinometers, rely on comprehensive monitoring of deep foundation pits based on lateral soil deformation. CN112323758A discloses a method for detecting deep foundation pits during pipe jacking construction. This method achieves comprehensive and effective detection by comprehensively measuring lateral soil deformation, soil pressure, ground settlement around the pit, and horizontal displacement of the retaining structure. Furthermore, it improves the sliding inclinometer by placing the guide rod unit at the bottom, making it adjustable vertically, thus ensuring stable and effective use. However, this patent does not consider the impact of lateral soil deformation on the inclinometer's measurement method, and cannot use several variables to determine potential hazards in the foundation pit or the stability of the inclinometer's measurements. It also lacks a planned inclinometer measurement scheme, which means that in the event of unforeseen circumstances such as soil deformation, the continuity of monitoring data cannot be effectively guaranteed, thus affecting the foundation pit construction process.

[0006] Furthermore, on the one hand, there are differences in understanding among those skilled in the art; on the other hand, the applicant studied a large number of documents and patents when making this invention, but due to space limitations, not all details and contents were listed in detail. However, this does not mean that the present invention does not possess the features of these prior art. On the contrary, the present invention already possesses all the features of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to add relevant prior art to the background art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Regarding the issue of early warning for foundation pit detection, existing conventional techniques typically only perform data detection and analysis on a single data item at a single monitoring point. To achieve more accurate detection and early warning results, improvements to existing technologies often involve correlation analysis of multiple detection data points. For example, patent document CN 116950029A discloses an early warning system based on foundation pit detection. This system acquires foundation pit detection data from multiple monitoring points of the monitored foundation pit, performs correlation analysis on the data from multiple monitoring points to obtain global monitoring point data correlation characteristics, and determines whether to generate a construction safety early warning based on these characteristics. This allows for timely detection of abnormalities and the implementation of corresponding measures to ensure the safety of the foundation pit project. This technical solution primarily provides information on foundation pit deformation through data such as top horizontal displacement, top vertical displacement, and deep soil horizontal displacement. By monitoring changes in these displacement data, the stability and deformation of the foundation pit structure can be further understood. However, the deep horizontal displacement data of the soil in this technical solution can only be obtained by detecting and analyzing data at specific detection points. Data such as soil nail axial force, similar to anchor rod internal stress, cannot provide information on the deformation of the soil near the inclinometer tube. This is significantly different from the technical solution of this invention, which uses correlation analysis between deep horizontal displacement and anchor rod internal force to obtain the analysis results of soil deformation. Existing individual detection and analysis data can only reflect the state of each soil point and cannot constitute an effective way to perform overall correlation analysis. To address the shortcomings of the existing technology, this invention provides a foundation pit monitoring system, including at least one first measurement module for measuring anchor rod internal force within the foundation pit, a second measurement module for measuring deep horizontal displacement of the foundation pit, and a cloud platform. The first and second measurement modules are communicatively connected to the cloud platform. The cloud platform is configured to: establish a set of anchor bolt internal force variables correlated with each other within the monitoring period and at the monitoring height during at least one foundation pit construction process, based on the anchor bolt internal forces obtained by the first measurement module; and establish a set of soil factors related to foundation pit deformation based on historical databases of several foundation pit constructions; construct a correlation analysis model for evaluating foundation pit deformation using the anchor bolt internal force variable set and the soil factor set; and evaluate the deep horizontal displacement obtained by the second measurement module based on the qualitative analysis results related to inclinometer tube deformation from the correlation analysis model. This invention utilizes the correlation between deep horizontal displacement and anchor bolt internal forces to reflect the degree of soil deformation to a certain extent by using the change in anchor bolt internal forces, thereby providing an early warning for inclinometer tubes that have undergone a certain degree of deformation. This prevents situations where, despite the risk of the inclinometer getting stuck, an unsuspecting surveyor places the inclinometer into the inclinometer tube, making it impossible to retrieve.

[0008] Analyzing historical data to achieve accurate foundation pit risk management is a standard practice in existing technologies. For example, patent document CN106022634A discloses a foundation pit risk management method and system based on big data analysis. This method first requires building a foundation pit risk management system hardware platform to collect foundation pit risk-related information. Then, it dynamically collects foundation pit deformation data, compares and analyzes the current foundation pit risk-related information with historical information, and obtains the corresponding comparison and analysis results. These results are then used as output data, and the collected foundation pit risk-related information is displayed visually. Finally, effective information is promptly delivered to information requesters via the internet, and the risk handling methods and results proposed by the information requesters are recorded. This technical solution collects foundation pit risk-related information through information technology, enabling timely updates to foundation pit data. Through the continuous accumulation and analysis of foundation pit risk-related information, foundation pit risk theory is dynamically adjusted, thus making risk management more accurate and effective. However, the foundation pit risk-related information used for comparison in this technical solution mainly involves the external environmental information of the foundation pit, rather than the soil environmental information that can directly affect the soil deformation state, as in this invention. The specific historical data comparison objects of the two are significantly different. Furthermore, the aforementioned prior art dynamically collects foundation pit deformation information and construction process information and stores it in a data server to determine the specific environmental risks of deformed foundation pits and to provide early warnings. This technical solution cannot determine the impact of soil deformation on the specific detection setup of the inclinometer. In contrast, this invention can monitor the deformation of the foundation pit's retaining structure through the internal stress of the anchor bolts, thereby indirectly reflecting the soil change trend for analysis of inclinometer deformation. It can simultaneously monitor the retaining structure deformation and monitor and provide early warnings of the specific working state of the inclinometer, preventing the acquisition of inaccurate or completely erroneous deep displacement data for deep foundation pits. The aforementioned prior art mainly focuses on individual data detection and analysis for each detection point, and cannot reflect the specific impact of changes in different foundation pit parameters on the inclinometer tube through correlation analysis. Based on this, those skilled in the art would not adopt the aforementioned prior art or a combination thereof to solve the technical problem of this invention.

[0009] According to a preferred embodiment, the set of anchor bolt internal force variables is obtained by a first measurement module installed on the anchor bolt within the foundation pit. The cloud platform accesses a historical database to obtain soil factors of the inclinometer tubes in foundation pit projects where inclinometer tube deformation accidents have occurred, using this as the soil factor set. Compared to the prior art, the cloud platform of this invention can use the soil factor set at the time of the inclinometer tube deformation accident as the comparison object for the current soil factors. Based on the above distinguishing technical features, the problem to be solved by this invention can include: how to analyze the set of anchor bolt internal force variables to obtain accurate inclinometer tube adjustment early warning information. Specifically, this invention constructs the set of anchor bolt internal force variables and the soil factor set to obtain the relationship between the two datasets, thereby providing data basis for the measurement frequency and recovery status of the subsequent second measurement module. When the detected set of anchor bolt internal force variables corresponds to the anchor bolt internal force in the soil factor set of foundation pit projects where inclinometer tube deformation accidents have occurred, a full-process judgment model before and after the inclinometer tube deformation accident can be constructed, thereby enabling timely adjustment of the relevant measurement parameters of the second measurement module of the inclinometer tube to obtain accurate and timely detection data.

[0010] According to a preferred embodiment, the steps of constructing a correlation analysis model on the cloud platform include: constructing a correlation analysis model based on the correspondence between the monitoring values ​​of the first measurement module and the deformation degree of the inclinometer tube to represent the correlation between the change of anchor internal force and the deformation of the structural soil. The deformation of the retaining body and the external force of the support have the same source and the same deformation trend, which proves that there is a close correlation between the two in the monitoring process. Compared with the above-mentioned prior art, the correlation analysis model constructed by the present invention can correlate the monitoring values ​​at different locations. Based on the above-mentioned distinguishing technical features, the problem to be solved by the present invention may include: how to construct a correlation model between the change of anchor internal force at different locations and the deformation of the inclinometer tube. Specifically, the present invention uses a correlation analysis model to analyze the relationship between the set of anchor internal force variables and the set of soil factors, thereby revealing the potential relationship between the change of anchor internal force and the deformation of the inclinometer tube. The present invention analyzes the deformation of the inclinometer tube by analyzing the degree of soil deformation reflected by the change of support axial force, and determines whether the current soil deformation will affect the internal space of the inclinometer tube, thereby adversely affecting the placement of the inclinometer.

[0011] According to a preferred embodiment, a first measurement module measures the internal force of the anchor bolts within the foundation pit at the anchor bolt measuring point, while a second measurement module measures the inclination state of the foundation pit at the inclinometer measuring point. The anchor bolt measuring points and the inclinometer measuring points are located at the same or adjacent positions to characterize the deformation of the same soil mass. This invention can improve the correlation between the two monitoring items by manually adjusting the measuring points for the anchor bolt internal force and deep horizontal displacement, making the measuring points for the two monitoring items close to each other and both able to characterize the deformation of the same soil mass.

[0012] According to a preferred embodiment, the cloud platform is further configured to: divide the deformation degree of the inclinometer during the foundation pit construction process into at least three levels, and send several monitoring instructions to the terminal of the surveyor monitoring data to execute several monitoring modes according to the predicted deformation level of the inclinometer. The monitoring instructions include adjusting the monitoring frequency of deep horizontal displacement. Compared with the prior art, the cloud platform of the present invention can perform different levels of risk monitoring according to different deformation degrees of the inclinometer. Based on the above-mentioned distinguishing technical features, the problem to be solved by the present invention can include: how to improve the risk monitoring accuracy of the inclinometer. Specifically, since surveyors are scheduled to perform their work according to different monitoring items and frequencies, and since the monitoring frequency of anchor bolt internal force is greater than the monitoring frequency of deep horizontal displacement, the monitoring data density of anchor bolt internal force is greater than the monitoring data density of deep horizontal displacement within the same time period. Based on this, the present invention utilizes the monitoring data of anchor bolt internal force to adjust the monitoring frequency of deep horizontal displacement, so as to enable normal data monitoring.

[0013] According to a preferred embodiment, when the cloud platform determines that the deformation degree of the inclinometer tube during the foundation pit construction process is at a minor level, the second measurement module performs measurements according to a preset measurement cycle and monitors the deep horizontal displacement at a preset monitoring frequency. The aforementioned minor level means that the inclinometer tube has almost no risk of deformation, and there is no need to adjust the measurement frequency of the deep horizontal displacement. The measurements of the second measurement module can be performed according to the originally planned measurement cycle. At this time, the cloud platform does not need to send instructions to the surveyor's terminal, and the surveyor monitors the deep horizontal displacement at the original monitoring frequency according to the established shift schedule.

[0014] According to a preferred embodiment, when the cloud platform determines that the deformation level of the inclinometer tube during the foundation pit construction process is moderate, in response to the monitoring instruction sent by the cloud platform to the terminal, the terminal provides an operational reminder to the surveyor and dispatches equipment related to potential accidents to the foundation pit construction site. The aforementioned moderate level refers to a risk that the inclinometer tube may become blocked. At this time, the cloud platform sends an instruction to the surveyor's terminal, instructing the surveyor to perform measurements according to the original measurement cycle, reminding the surveyor to operate cautiously when placing the second measurement module into the inclinometer tube, and instructing the surveyor to bring equipment for retrieving the second measurement module from the inclinometer tube in advance for unforeseen circumstances.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment, when the cloud platform determines that the deformation degree of the inclinometer during the foundation pit construction process is at a severe level, the cloud platform, based on a correlation analysis model, determines that the inclinometer may develop towards irreparable deformation at the next monitoring time. The cloud platform then measures the deep horizontal displacement by controlling the time interval of data monitoring by the second measurement module. The aforementioned severe level refers to a high probability of the inclinometer becoming blocked. The cloud platform, through a correlation analysis model, determines that the inclinometer may develop towards irreparable deformation at the next monitoring time. Before the soil deformation affects the inclinometer to the point of causing the second measurement module to jam, the final measurement data for this inclinometer is obtained, and a new inclinometer is pre-positioned to replace the old, soon-to-be-obsolete inclinometer, avoiding data interruption due to the inability to monitor subsequent deep horizontal displacement data.

[0016] This invention relates to a method for monitoring foundation pits. The method includes: establishing a set of anchor bolt internal force variables that are correlated with each other within the monitoring period and at the monitoring height during the construction process of at least one foundation pit, based on the anchor bolt internal forces obtained by a first measurement module; and establishing a set of soil factors related to the deformation of the foundation pit based on a historical database of several foundation pit constructions; constructing a correlation analysis model for evaluating the deformation of the foundation pit using the anchor bolt internal force variable set and the soil factor set; and evaluating the deep horizontal displacement obtained by a second measurement module based on the results of a qualitative analysis of the correlation analysis model related to the deformation of the inclinometer tube.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment, the method further includes: obtaining a set of anchor internal force variables from an anchor force gauge installed on the anchor in the foundation pit; and calling a historical database to obtain soil factors of the inclinometer tubes in foundation pit projects where inclinometer tube deformation accidents have occurred, as a set of soil factors. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a simplified usage scenario diagram of the second measurement module of the foundation pit monitoring system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a simplified usage scenario diagram of the first measurement module of the foundation pit monitoring system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a simplified top view of the first measurement module of the foundation pit monitoring system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, showing its usage scenario.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a simplified flowchart of a preferred embodiment of the foundation pit monitoring method provided by the present invention.

[0022] List of reference numerals

[0023] 100: Cloud platform; 200: First measurement module; 300: Second measurement module; 301: Inclinometer probe; 302: Reading instrument; 303: Cable; 304: Roller; 400: Inclinometer tube; 500: Support structure; 600: Foundation pit; 700: Reinforcing cage retaining pile; 800: Anchor bolt; 801: Anchor head; 802: Anchor cable; 803: First inclination angle. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following is a detailed explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] This invention provides explanations for some terms and nouns.

[0026] Excavation pit 600: A space excavated below ground level for the construction of building foundations or underground structures. The excavation depth, shape, and support methods of the excavation pit 600 depend on factors such as foundation design, geological conditions, and the surrounding environment. The construction of an excavation pit 600 is accompanied by a series of safety hazards; therefore, the monitoring and management of the excavation pit 600 requires the development of a reasonable monitoring plan, the selection of appropriate monitoring methods and instruments, and the timely collection and analysis of monitoring data.

[0027] Cloud Platform 100: A cloud server based on an internet service model, capable of providing various resources and functions such as computing, storage, networking, and software. The advantages of Cloud Platform 100 include elastic resource expansion, cost savings, improved efficiency, and enhanced security. Types of Cloud Platform 100 include public cloud, private cloud, and hybrid cloud. Based on the service layer provided, it can be further categorized into Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). In this invention, Cloud Platform 100 serves as a cloud server for executing the various steps within this invention.

[0028] Deep horizontal displacement: The deep horizontal displacement of excavation pit 600 refers to the horizontal displacement change of the soil or retaining structure surrounding excavation pit 600 below the ground surface. The deep horizontal displacement of excavation pit 600 can reflect the degree and extent of the impact of excavation on the soil or retaining structure, as well as the stability and safety of excavation pit 600.

[0029] Correlation analysis model: a statistical method used to analyze whether a relationship exists between two or more variables. In this invention, the correlation analysis model is used to analyze the monitoring of various data of the deep foundation pit 600 in the construction project. During the construction of the deep foundation pit 600, if the support equipment of the foundation pit 600 and the surrounding soil environment deform or the deformation rate is too large, it will lead to safety hazards such as instability of the foundation pit 600 and damage to the monitoring equipment. This invention uses a correlation analysis model to analyze the correlation between the deep horizontal displacement of the inclinometer tube 400 and the internal force of the anchor bolt during the construction of the foundation pit 600. If the inclinometer tube 400 shows abnormalities or deformation of the monitoring points, the change of the internal force of the anchor bolt at the monitoring points can be analyzed to determine whether the inclinometer tube 400 is in a safe and measurable state. Therefore, this invention, based on the correlation analysis model, analyzes at least two types of monitoring data to determine the overall safety of the foundation pit 600 construction process and the measurement stability of the inclinometer.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] During the excavation of the foundation pit and the construction of underground engineering, monitoring items such as the settlement of the foundation pit sidewalls, bottom walls, or surrounding rock strata and soil will be carried out, and the monitoring results will be fed back in a timely manner to predict the deformation and stability development that will result from further construction.

[0032] In the current technology for monitoring foundation pit deformation, the deep horizontal displacement of the pile is monitored by an inclinometer pre-installed inside the pile in a clinometer tube 400. Measurement is taken by the inclinometer sliding within the inclinometer tube 400. However, due to conditions such as localized slippage of the slope soil, road collapse, and failure of the foundation pit support system, the inclinometer tube 400 will also deform accordingly. This can cause the inclinometer, which needs to slide within the inclinometer tube 400, to get stuck, making it impossible to remove it from the bottom of the inclinometer tube 400. This brings difficulties to the measurement work. If the inclinometer cannot be retrieved, it means that the inclinometer tube 400 and the inclinometer inside will be discarded, resulting in huge economic losses.

[0033] The foundation pit monitoring system of the present invention includes at least one first measuring module 200 for measuring the internal force of anchor bolts within the foundation pit 600, a second measuring module 300 for measuring the deep horizontal displacement within the foundation pit 600, and a cloud platform 100. In the present invention, the first measuring module 200 and the second measuring module 300 are communicatively connected to the cloud platform 100.

[0034] In this invention, the first measurement module 200 can be a force gauge, axial force gauge, or stress gauge installed on the anchor bolt 800 at a specific location. It can monitor the deformation of the retaining structure of the foundation pit 600, thereby indirectly reflecting soil change trends for analysis of the deformation of the inclinometer tube 400. The first measurement module 200 can also be other monitoring equipment for monitoring the axial force of the anchor bolt. The second measurement module 300 can be a sliding inclinometer, a fixed inclinometer, or other monitoring equipment that needs to be inserted into the inclinometer tube 400 and retrieved through a pre-buried pipe in the foundation pit 600. This invention uses a sliding inclinometer as an example, which monitors the deep horizontal displacement of the foundation pit 600 by penetrating deep into the inclinometer tube 400.

[0035] Preferably, such as Figure 2 As shown, the anchor bolt 800 includes an anchor head 801 exposed on the side wall of the foundation pit 600 and an anchor cable 802 embedded in the soil inside the side wall of the foundation pit 600. The anchor bolts 800 are arranged between two adjacent reinforced cage retaining piles 700, and multiple layers are set in the vertical direction. The first inclination angle 803 formed between the axis of any completed anchor bolt 800 and the ground is 15° to 25°. This arrangement allows it to be tightly connected to the soil through prestressed tension and withstand the tensile force of the soil, thereby reducing the risk of soil deformation and failure, preventing foundation pit instability and collapse, and ensuring construction safety and project quality.

[0036] Preferably, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first measuring module 200 can be a force gauge, axial force gauge, or stress gauge installed at a specific location on the anchor bolt 800. It can monitor the deformation of the retaining structure of the foundation pit 600 and, by comparing and analyzing the ratio of the monitored values ​​to the control values, prevent excessive deformation, buckling, fracture, loosening, or pull-out of the anchor bolt system in the retaining structure of the foundation pit 600. The first measuring module 200 is selected and installed at locations with high stress and representative characteristics, generally in the middle of each side of the foundation pit 600, at external corners, and in sections with complex geological conditions. The number of first measuring modules 200 in each layer of anchor bolts 800 should be 1% to 3% of the total number of anchor bolts in that layer, and should be no less than 3. The number of first measuring modules 200 in each layer should preferably be consistent vertically. Preferably, as shown... Figure 2 As shown, the first measuring module 200 can employ the MSJ-201 type force gauge commonly used in foundation pit engineering. It is fitted onto the steel strand of the anchor bolt 800 and positioned at the anchor head 801 of the anchor bolt 800 by a wedge and a steel pad. The measurement data from the first measuring module 200 can reflect the magnitude of the internal forces acting on the anchor bolt 800.

[0037] Preferably, such as Figure 1As shown, the inclinometer tube 400 is fixed to the reinforcing cage retaining pile 700 of the foundation pit support structure by direct binding or by setting clamps, ensuring a stable connection between the inclinometer tube 400 and the reinforcing cage retaining pile 700, and preventing the inclinometer tube from falling out of the reinforcing cage retaining pile 700 when concrete is poured into the reinforcing cage retaining pile 700. In foundation pit engineering, the inclinometer tube 400 is often selected to be arranged in the middle, at the external corner, and in representative locations around the foundation pit 600. In this invention, the measurement points of the inclinometer tube 400 are configured within the reinforcing cage retaining pile 700 near the anchor rod 800 where the first measurement module 200 is installed. Therefore, the second measurement module 300, which uses the inclinometer tube 400 to perform deep horizontal displacement, and the first measurement module 200 installed on the anchor rod 800 have a certain correlation at least at the measurement points.

[0038] Preferably, the second measurement module 300 can be a sliding inclinometer, a fixed inclinometer, or other monitoring equipment that needs to be retrieved through the pre-buried pipe in the pit 600 to complete the relevant measurement work. Figure 1 As shown, taking a sliding inclinometer as an example, the second measurement module 300 includes a reading instrument 302 located outside the inclinometer tube 400, an inclinometer probe 301 inserted into the inclinometer tube 400, and a cable 303 connecting the reading instrument 302 and the inclinometer probe 301. Preferably, as shown... Figure 1 As shown, the inclinometer probe 301 can be placed inside the inclinometer tube 400, and it can slide in a pre-set groove inside the inclinometer tube 400 by means of its own roller 304. By pulling the cable 303, the inclinometer probe 301 can achieve the purpose of measuring at different heights inside the inclinometer tube 400. By recording the readings of the reading instrument 302 corresponding to the inclinometer probe 301 at different heights in the inclinometer tube 400, relevant data on the deep horizontal displacement of the foundation pit support structure can be obtained.

[0039] Preferably, the working principle of the cloud platform 100 of the present invention is as follows:

[0040] The cloud platform 100 acquires a set of anchor bolt internal force variables and a set of soil factors that are correlated with each other within the monitoring period and at the monitoring height during the construction process of at least one foundation pit 600. This set of anchor bolt internal force variables and soil factors can be obtained from the first measurement module 200 and / or a historical database. Soil factors include, but are not limited to, soil properties, soil moisture content, and soil depth at the location of the inclinometer tube 400 deformation. The cloud platform 100 constructs a correlation analysis model based on correlation analysis to represent the correlation between changes in anchor bolt internal forces and deformation of the structural soil. The cloud platform 100 evaluates the deep horizontal displacement acquired by the second measurement module 300 based on the results of a qualitative analysis of the correlation analysis model.

[0041] This invention utilizes the correlation between deep horizontal displacement and anchor bolt internal force to reflect the degree of soil deformation to a certain extent by using the change value of anchor bolt internal force. This can provide an early warning for inclinometer tube 400 that has undergone a certain degree of deformation, thus preventing situations where an unsuspecting surveyor places the inclinometer tube 400 into the inclinometer tube 400 despite the risk of the inclinometer getting stuck, making it impossible to retrieve the inclinometer.

[0042] Preferably, the first measuring module 200 can be a force gauge installed on an anchor bolt 800 at a specific location, which monitors the deformation of the retaining structure of the foundation pit 600, thereby indirectly reflecting the soil change trend for analysis of the deformation of the inclinometer tube 400. Preferably, the second measuring module 300 can be an inclinometer installed in a pre-set inclinometer tube 400. This inclinometer monitors the deep horizontal displacement of the foundation pit 600 by extending into the inclinometer tube 400.

[0043] There is a certain correlation between the deep horizontal displacement monitored by the second measurement module 300 and the anchor bolt internal force monitored by the first measurement module 200. This is because the deformation of the retaining structure and the external force acting on it originate from the same source and exhibit the same deformation trend, proving a close correlation between the two during the monitoring process. Figure 1 As shown, during the measurement of deep horizontal displacement, the second measurement module 300 needs to gradually retract the inclinometer probe 301 from inside the inclinometer tube 400 to the ground surface. However, during the retrieval of the inclinometer probe 301, the following issues may arise: the borehole may deform due to construction, causing the inner wall of the inclinometer tube 400 to bulge and jam the guide wheels at both ends of the second measurement module 300; the tension of the control cable may change; or the connection between the second measurement module 300 and the reading instrument may be broken. As a result, the second measurement module 300 may not be able to be retrieved normally and may become stuck inside the borehole. This will prevent subsequent horizontal displacement monitoring from being performed.

[0044] Taking deep horizontal displacement monitoring as an example, due to soil deformation, the inclinometer tube 400 at the deformed soil will also deform. This deformation will affect the unobstructed flow of the internal space of the inclinometer tube 400, especially at the connection between each section of the inclinometer tube 400. It is possible that the upper and lower slots of the inclinometer tube 400 will twist, making it impossible for the second measuring module 300 to be placed into or removed from the inclinometer tube 400. If this happens and the inclinometer tube 400 cannot be corrected, the staff will no longer be able to obtain deep horizontal displacement monitoring data from that inclinometer tube 400. They will have to choose to set up a new inclinometer tube 400 near the measuring point to supplement the data and use the new inclinometer tube 400 to replace the old one for subsequent measurements.

[0045] However, this approach has its drawbacks. Due to the different positions of the new and old inclinometer tubes 400, there will inevitably be a certain deviation between the measurement data from the new measuring point and the actual data from the old measuring point. Furthermore, since it takes time from discovering that the old inclinometer tube 400 is unusable and difficult to remedy to setting up the new inclinometer tube 400, this time will delay the timing of the measurement data, which will also introduce errors for joint analysis with other monitoring data. Therefore, the technical problem that this invention aims to solve is how to perform a final data measurement and retrieve the second measurement module 300 before the inclinometer tube 400 suffers irreversible damage.

[0046] Specifically, the present invention provides a method for monitoring foundation pits, such as... Figure 4 As shown, taking the application of this method to cloud platform 100 as an example, it includes the following steps:

[0047] S1: The cloud platform 100 acquires the anchor bolt internal force and deep horizontal displacement collected by the first measurement module 200 and the second measurement module 300.

[0048] Preferably, step S1 includes steps S11 to S12.

[0049] S11: The cloud platform 100 calculates the magnitude of the axial force on the first measurement module 200 based on the change in its own vibration frequency measured by the first measurement module 200, and uses it as the internal force of the anchor rod.

[0050] Preferably, several first measuring modules 200 are installed on the anchor bolts 800 of the retaining wall of the foundation pit 600. The method for testing the internal force of the anchor bolts involves installing several first measuring modules 200 on the anchor bolts 800 at specific locations to obtain measurement data. Therefore, the selection of the anchor bolts 800 needs to follow certain principles to make the monitoring data of the internal force of the anchor bolts more meaningful for practical monitoring. In this regard, the anchor bolt monitoring points of the present invention are selected at locations with greater and more representative stress, including the middle of each side of the foundation pit 600, the external corners, and sections with complex geological conditions. Figure 2 As shown, preferably, the anchor bolt 800 is positioned at the midpoint between two adjacent reinforcing cage retaining piles 700. The number of internal force monitoring points for each layer of anchor bolts 800 is 1% to 3% of the total number of anchor bolts 800 in that layer, and should be no less than 3. The positions of the monitoring points in each layer should preferably remain consistent vertically.

[0051] When the first measuring module 200 is subjected to axial force, it causes a change in the tension of its own elastic steel string, thereby altering the vibration frequency of the steel string. The first measuring module 200 measures the frequency change of the steel string using a frequency meter and sends it to the cloud platform 100. The cloud platform 100 then calculates the magnitude of the force acting on the first measuring module 200. The formula for calculating the internal force of the anchor bolt is as follows:

[0052] P = KΔF + bΔT + B

[0053] Where P is the anchor bolt internal force (kN); K is the calibration coefficient of the first measurement module 200 (kN / F); ΔF is the change (F) of the real-time measured value of the frequency modulus output by the first measurement module 200 relative to the reference value; b is the temperature correction coefficient of the first measurement module 200 (kN / ℃); ΔT is the change (℃) of the real-time measured value of the temperature of the first measurement module 200 relative to the reference value; and B is the calculated correction value (kN) of the first measurement module 200. When the frequency modulus F = 2 × 10 -3 The monitoring frequency of the anchor bolt internal force is set as follows: once a day from the excavation of the foundation pit 600mm until the excavation is completed and stabilized; once a day for 3 days from the completion of the excavation of the foundation pit 600mm until the completion of the structural base slab; and once a day for 15 days from the completion of the structural base slab until the completion of backfilling.

[0054] S12: The cloud platform 100 obtains the deep horizontal displacement of the foundation pit 600 based on the horizontal displacement of the second measurement module 300 moving inside the inclinometer tube 400.

[0055] The deep horizontal displacement is tested by placing a second measuring module 300 (e.g., the inclinometer probe 301 of an inclinometer) inside a pre-set inclinometer tube 400. The deep horizontal displacement of the foundation pit 600 is obtained by measuring the horizontal displacement of the second measuring module 300 along a certain sliding path or at various depths. Preferably, the inclinometer tube 400 can be pre-set in the reinforcing cage of the foundation pit 600. The pile deep horizontal displacement measuring points of the second measuring module 300 are arranged in the middle, external corners, and representative locations around the foundation pit 600. There is no less than one monitoring point on each side. Through advance planning of measuring points, the present invention can pre-set the inclinometer tube 400 at a position corresponding to the arrangement position of the first measuring module 200. Preferably, the first measuring module 200 is set between two adjacent reinforcing cage retaining piles 700, that is, the inclinometer tube 400 is directly tied or fixed inside the reinforcing cage located next to the first measuring module 200 by a clamp. Concrete is poured after the reinforcing cage is inserted into the hole. Since the inclinometer tube 400 inside the support pile is completed together with the grouting construction of the support pile, there is no gap between the inclinometer tube 400 and the pile body. The deformation of the inclinometer tube 400 completely represents the deformation of the support pile. When the soil or pile body deforms, the entire inclinometer tube 400 tilts accordingly. The horizontal displacement at each depth represents the horizontal displacement of the support structure 500 at each depth in the vertical direction. The observation method of the second measurement module 300 is as follows: the horizontal displacement of the inclinometer tube 400 at every 0.5m in the vertical direction is measured by sliding the inclinometer probe 301 inside the inclinometer tube 400. In this invention, the monitoring frequency of deep horizontal displacement is set as follows: once every 4 days from the excavation of the foundation pit 600 until stabilization after excavation; once every 10 days from the stabilization of the foundation pit 600 until the completion of the structural base slab; and once every 30 days from the completion of the structural base slab until the completion of backfilling.

[0056] Preferably, the anchor rod measuring points and the inclinometer tube measuring points are located at the same or adjacent positions to characterize the deformation of the same soil mass. This invention allows for the manual adjustment of the measuring points for the anchor rod internal force and deep horizontal displacement, ensuring that the measuring points for the two monitoring items are located close to each other and can both characterize the deformation of the same soil mass, thus improving their correlation. It should be noted that during the setting of the anchor rod measuring points and the inclinometer tube measuring points, it is necessary to record the setting height of the multi-layer anchor rods 800, the height of the nodes of the inclinometer tube 400 segments, and the spacing between the anchor rods 800 and the inclinometer tube 400, etc.

[0057] S2: The cloud platform 100 establishes a set of anchor internal force variables that are correlated with each other within the monitoring period and at the monitoring height during the construction process of at least one foundation pit 600 based on the anchor internal force obtained by the first measurement module 200, and establishes a set of soil factors based on the historical database.

[0058] The set of anchor bolt internal force variables is obtained by the first measurement module 200 on the anchor bolt 800 installed in the foundation pit 600. The cloud platform 100 calls the historical database to obtain the soil factors of the inclinometer 400 in foundation pit projects where inclinometer deformation accidents have occurred, as a set of soil factors. The cloud platform 100 can also use the historical database to obtain the soil factors of the inclinometer 400 in foundation pit projects where inclinometer deformation accidents have occurred.

[0059] Existing technologies include solutions for analyzing anchor bolt internal forces and monitoring deep horizontal displacement. However, these are independent monitoring schemes, conducted independently at different locations and orientations within the foundation pit 600. This invention utilizes the influence of anchor bolt internal forces on soil deformation and correlates it with construction events related to inclinometer deformation, combining historical databases to predict or warn of potential inclinometer deformation. Here, anchor bolt internal forces are used not only for monitoring soil deformation within the foundation pit 600 but also for monitoring inclinometer deformation, including different deformation results at different depths, thus guiding the inclinometer measurement process. It should be noted that the monitoring process of anchor bolt internal forces on the soil deformation path within the foundation pit 600 differs from the monitoring process of anchor bolt internal forces on the inclinometer deformation path. The reason is that the inclinometer tube has a certain rigidity, while soil deformation is also affected by the horizontal deformation of the foundation pit support structure, groundwater level, surface settlement, soil stratification settlement, building deformation and cracking, and soil erosion. Therefore, the deformation of the inclinometer tube is not entirely correlated with soil deformation. Thus, the deformation process of the inclinometer tube cannot be simply inferred from the soil deformation results. This invention establishes a correlation analysis model to correlate the internal force of the anchor bolt with the deformation of the inclinometer tube, thereby providing early warning of inclinometer tube deformation.

[0060] Specifically, the cloud platform 100 determines several collected anchor bolt internal force variable values ​​and assigns attributes to these values. These attributes include the monitoring cycle and monitoring height of the first measurement module 200 associated with each anchor bolt internal force variable value, thus spatially correlated the anchor bolt internal force variable values ​​with the soil. The cloud platform 100 retrieves soil factors from a historical database of foundation pit projects that have experienced inclinometer tube deformation accidents under similar conditions. Similar conditions refer to soils around the foundation pit 600 with similar strength. If abnormal changes occur in the anchor bolt internal forces, the cloud platform 100 can determine the correlation with soil factors based on the acquired anchor bolt internal force monitoring cycle and monitoring height, thereby quickly identifying the cause of the anomaly and predicting the deformation of the inclinometer tube 400 in the future.

[0061] like Figure 3As shown, the spacing of the anchor bolts 800 between each adjacent layer is represented by h1, the movement distance of the inclinometer after each height measurement is represented by h2, the distance between two adjacent reinforcing cages is represented by L, and the anchor bolts 800 are set in the midpoint area between the two reinforcing cages. These values ​​may vary in different foundation pit engineering projects. In this invention, h1 is 2-4m, h2 is 0.5m, and L is 1.5m.

[0062] S3: Construct a correlation analysis model by combining the set of anchor internal force variables and the set of soil factors.

[0063] Preferably, the cloud platform 100 constructs a correlation analysis model based on the correspondence between the monitoring values ​​of the first measurement module 200 and the deformation of the structural soil to represent the correlation between the change of anchor internal force and the deformation degree of the inclinometer tube 400. The cloud platform 100 performs data cleaning and processing on the anchor internal force variable set, removing outliers and missing values ​​to ensure the data meets the analysis requirements. Preferably, the cloud platform 100 also incorporates other conditional data as influencing factors into the construction of the correlation analysis model. Based on the type and distribution of the anchor internal force variable set and the soil factor set, the cloud platform 100 selects correlation analysis methods such as correlation coefficients, correlation matrices, or regression equations to calculate correlation indicators and statistics to characterize the deformation degree of the structural soil under the current anchor internal force or the current anchor internal force change curve. The cloud platform 100 can also analyze the relationship between anchor internal force and soil factors through algorithms such as cluster analysis to obtain the possible changes in soil factors under abnormal anchor internal force conditions. For example, if the internal force of the anchor bolt decreases, soil factors may lead to soil erosion, causing the inclinometer tube 400 to settle.

[0064] Specifically, after the cloud platform calculates the anchor bolt internal force P, it constructs a correlation analysis model based on the linear correlation between the anchor bolt internal force variable set and the soil factor set. For example, the value of the anchor bolt internal force P in the anchor bolt internal force variable set can be 100kN to 200kN. The soil factor set can be the soil deformation caused by water and soil erosion, with a value of 10mm to 30mm.

[0065] Preferably, the cloud platform 100 can use the following steps to calculate the correlation between the set of anchor internal force variables and the set of soil factors:

[0066] The anchor bolt internal force variable set and the soil factor set are standardized into dimensionless first and second sequences. Cloud Platform 100 standardizes the anchor bolt internal force variable set and the soil factor set based on the maximum-minimum standardization method, with the following formula:

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] Where P is the anchor bolt internal force, P(k) is the original data of the anchor bolt internal force, minP and maxP are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the anchor bolt internal force, respectively; u is the degree of soil deformation, u(k) is the original data of the degree of soil deformation, minu and maxu are the minimum and maximum values ​​of soil deformation, respectively; k is the observation number, which is generally taken from different stages of foundation pit excavation.

[0070] Preferably, the cloud platform 100 substitutes the values ​​of the above-mentioned anchor internal force variable set and soil factor set into the formula to obtain f0(k) and f1(k). f0(k) is the first sequence, and f1(k) is the second sequence.

[0071] Preferably, the cloud platform 100 calculates the correlation coefficient ξ1(k) between the first sequence and the second sequence, using the following formula:

[0072]

[0073] Here, ρ is an adjustable coefficient, which is set to 0.5 in this invention. Thus, the cloud platform 100 obtains the correlation coefficient.

[0074] Preferably, the cloud platform 100 calculates the correlation degree between the first sequence and the second sequence based on the correlation coefficient, and the formula is as follows:

[0075]

[0076] In calculating the correlation between the anchor internal force variable set and the soil factor set as described above, the correlation degree γ is 0.82. Since the correlation degree γ ranges from [0, 1], values ​​closer to 1 indicate a stronger correlation, and values ​​closer to 0 indicate a weaker correlation. This result indicates a correlation between the change in the anchor internal force P in this anchor internal force variable set and the soil deformation caused by water and soil erosion in the soil factor set. Therefore, the deformation degree of the inclinometer tube 400 is affected by water and soil erosion.

[0077] This invention uses a correlation analysis model to analyze the relationship between the set of internal force variables of the anchor bolt and the set of soil factors, thereby revealing the potential relationship between the change of internal force of the anchor bolt and the deformation of the inclinometer tube 400, and providing data basis for the measurement frequency and recovery status of the subsequent second measurement module 300.

[0078] S4: Evaluate the deep horizontal displacement obtained by the second measurement module 300 based on the results of qualitative analysis of the correlation analysis model.

[0079] Preferably, the cloud platform 100 divides the deformation degree of the inclinometer tube 400 during the construction of the foundation pit 600 into at least three levels, and sends several monitoring instructions to the terminal of the surveyor performing data monitoring to execute several monitoring modes according to the predicted deformation level of the inclinometer tube 400. Preferably, the monitoring instructions include adjusting the monitoring frequency of deep horizontal displacement.

[0080] Because determining the specific value of the horizontal displacement of the inclinometer tube 400 using the supporting axial force is difficult, and many influencing factors make it hard to find a precise correlation in the final data, this solution adopts a qualitative analysis method. This invention does not directly analyze the correlation between the supporting axial force and the deep horizontal displacement value, but rather analyzes, for example, the degree of soil deformation reflected by changes in the supporting axial force to analyze the deformation of the inclinometer tube 400. It determines whether the current soil deformation will affect the internal space of the inclinometer tube 400, thereby adversely affecting the placement of the inclinometer.

[0081] Since surveyors are scheduled to work according to different monitoring items and frequencies, and the monitoring frequency of anchor bolt internal force is greater than that of deep horizontal displacement, the monitoring data density of anchor bolt internal force is greater than that of deep horizontal displacement within the same time period. Based on this, the monitoring data of anchor bolt internal force can be used to adjust the monitoring frequency of deep horizontal displacement so that it can be monitored normally.

[0082] Preferably, step S4 includes steps S41 to S44.

[0083] S41: The predicted deformation level of the inclinometer tube 400 in the correlation analysis model is divided into three levels: mild, moderate and severe.

[0084] S42: If the cloud platform 100 determines that the deformation of the inclinometer tube 400 during the construction of the foundation pit 600 is at the mild level, the second measurement module 300 performs measurement according to the preset measurement cycle and monitors the deep horizontal displacement at the preset monitoring frequency.

[0085] The aforementioned mild level refers to a situation where the inclinometer tube 400 has almost no risk of deformation, and there is no need to adjust the measurement frequency of deep horizontal displacement. The measurement of the second measurement module 300 can be carried out according to the originally planned measurement cycle. At this time, the cloud platform 100 does not need to send instructions to the surveyor's terminal, and the surveyor monitors the deep horizontal displacement at the original monitoring frequency according to the established shift schedule.

[0086] S43: If the cloud platform 100 determines that the deformation of the inclinometer tube 400 during the construction of the foundation pit 600 is at a moderate level, in response to the monitoring instruction sent by the cloud platform 100 to the terminal, the terminal will remind the surveyor to operate and dispatch equipment related to possible accidents to the construction site of the foundation pit 600.

[0087] The aforementioned moderate level refers to the risk that the inclinometer tube 400 may become clogged. At this time, the cloud platform 100 sends instructions to the surveyor's terminal, including instructing the surveyor to perform measurements according to the original measurement cycle, reminding the surveyor to operate with caution when placing the second measurement module 300 into the inclinometer tube 400, and instructing the surveyor to bring equipment for retrieving the second measurement module 300 from the inclinometer tube 400 in advance for unforeseen circumstances.

[0088] S44: If the cloud platform 100 determines that the deformation of the inclinometer tube 400 during the construction of the foundation pit 600 is at the severe level, the cloud platform 100, based on the correlation analysis model, concludes that the inclinometer tube 400 may develop towards irreparable deformation at the next monitoring time point. The cloud platform 100 then measures the deep horizontal displacement by controlling the time interval of the data monitoring of the second measurement module 300.

[0089] The aforementioned severe level refers to a high probability of blockage inclinometer tube 400. Cloud platform 100, through a correlation analysis model, determines that inclinometer tube 400 may exhibit irreparable deformation at the next monitoring time. Cloud platform 100 sends instructions to the surveyor in advance, allowing them to shorten the data monitoring interval and measure deep horizontal displacement earlier. The final measurement data for inclinometer tube 400 is obtained before the soil deformation affects it to the point of causing the second measurement module 300 to jam. A new inclinometer tube 400 is then deployed to replace the soon-to-be-obsolete old one, preventing data interruption due to the inability to monitor subsequent deep horizontal displacement data.

[0090] S5: The cloud platform outputs the evaluation results to the surveyor's terminal or server.

[0091] The advantage of this solution is that it can infer the deformation within the inclinometer tube 400 by measuring the changes in the data from the first measurement module 200. Before the deformation reaches a point where the second measurement module 300 cannot recover the tube (i.e., before the inclinometer tube 400 is scrapped), it can obtain the monitoring data of the measuring point where the inclinometer tube 400 is located by measuring in advance, and at the same time, deploy a new inclinometer tube 400 to avoid a dangerous situation where there is no monitoring data for a long time near the measuring point.

[0092] Throughout the text, the features indicated by “preferred” are only optional and should not be construed as mandatory. Therefore, the applicant reserves the right to abandon or delete the relevant preferred features at any time.

[0093] It should be noted that the specific embodiments described above are exemplary. Those skilled in the art can devise various solutions inspired by the disclosure of this invention, and these solutions all fall within the scope of this invention and its protection. Those skilled in the art should understand that this specification and its accompanying drawings are illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the claims. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents. This specification contains multiple inventive concepts; terms such as "preferredly," "according to a preferred embodiment," or "optionally" indicate that the corresponding paragraph discloses an independent concept. The applicant reserves the right to file divisional applications based on each inventive concept.

Claims

1. A foundation pit monitoring system, comprising at least one first measuring module (200) for measuring the internal force of anchor bolts within a foundation pit (600), a second measuring module (300) for measuring the deep horizontal displacement of the foundation pit (600), and a cloud platform (100), wherein the first measuring module (200) and the second measuring module (300) are communicatively connected to the cloud platform (100), characterized in that, The cloud platform (100) is configured as follows: Based on the anchor internal forces obtained by the first measurement module (200), a set of anchor internal force variables that are related to each other within the monitoring period and at the monitoring height during the construction process of at least one foundation pit is established, and a set of soil factors related to the deformation of the foundation pit (600) is established based on the historical database of the construction of several foundation pits (600). The set of anchor internal force variables and the set of soil factors are used to construct a correlation analysis model for evaluating the deformation of the foundation pit (600); The deep horizontal displacement obtained by the second measurement module (300) is evaluated based on the results of qualitative analysis of the correlation analysis model related to the deformation of the inclinometer tube (400); The cloud platform (100) is also configured as follows: The deformation degree of the inclinometer tube during the foundation pit construction process is divided into at least three levels, and several monitoring instructions are sent to the terminal of the surveyor performing data monitoring to execute several monitoring modes based on the predicted level of deformation of the inclinometer tube (400). The monitoring instructions include adjusting the monitoring frequency of deep horizontal displacement; When the cloud platform (100) determines that the deformation of the inclinometer tube (400) during the foundation pit construction process is at the mild level, the second measurement module (300) performs measurement according to the preset measurement cycle and monitors the deep horizontal displacement at the preset monitoring frequency. When the cloud platform (100) determines that the deformation of the inclinometer tube (400) during the foundation pit construction process is at the medium level, in response to the monitoring instruction sent by the cloud platform (100) to the terminal, the terminal reminds the surveyor to operate and dispatches equipment related to possible accidents to the foundation pit construction site. When the cloud platform (100) determines that the deformation of the inclinometer tube (400) during the foundation pit construction process is at the severe level, the cloud platform (100) concludes based on the correlation analysis model that the inclinometer tube (400) may develop towards an irreparable deformation trend at the next monitoring time node. The cloud platform (100) then measures the deep horizontal displacement by controlling the time interval of the data monitoring of the second measurement module (300).

2. The foundation pit monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The set of internal force variables of the anchor bolt is obtained by the first measuring module (200) installed on the anchor bolt (800) in the foundation pit (600), wherein, The cloud platform (100) calls the historical database to obtain the soil factors of the inclinometer (400) in the foundation pit project where the inclinometer deformation accident has occurred, as the soil factor set.

3. The foundation pit monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The steps of the cloud platform (100) in constructing the correlation analysis model include: The correlation analysis model is constructed based on the correspondence between the monitoring values ​​of the first measurement module (200) and the deformation degree of the inclinometer tube (400) to represent the correlation between the change of the internal force of the anchor rod and the deformation of the structural soil.

4. The foundation pit monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first measurement module (200) measures the internal force of the anchor bolts within the foundation pit at the anchor bolt measuring point, and the second measurement module (300) measures the inclination state of the foundation pit at the inclinometer measuring point. The anchor rod measuring point and the inclinometer measuring point are located at the same or adjacent positions to characterize the deformation of the same soil body.

5. A method for monitoring foundation pits, using the foundation pit monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The method includes: Based on the anchor internal forces obtained by the first measurement module (200), a set of anchor internal force variables that are related to each other within the monitoring period and at the monitoring height during the construction process of at least one foundation pit is established, and a set of soil factors related to the deformation of the foundation pit (600) is established based on the historical database of the construction of several foundation pits (600). The set of anchor internal force variables and the set of soil factors are used to construct a correlation analysis model for evaluating the deformation of the foundation pit (600); The deep horizontal displacement acquired by the second measurement module (300) is evaluated based on the results of a qualitative analysis of the correlation analysis model related to the deformation of the inclinometer tube (400).

6. The foundation pit monitoring method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method further includes: The set of internal force variables of the anchor rod is obtained by the anchor rod force gauge installed on the anchor rod (800) in the foundation pit (600); The historical database is called to obtain the soil factors of the inclinometer (400) in the foundation pit project where the inclinometer deformation accident has occurred, as the soil factor set.

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