Tunnel face sudden mud gushing escape platform

Abstract

The application relates to a tunnel face mud gushing escape platform, and relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, which comprises a support, an escape pipe and a ladder, the escape pipe is provided with multiple inlets and outlets, a protective cover is arranged above the inlets and outlets on the escape pipe, slide rods are fixedly arranged on the two sides of the escape pipe along the length direction of the escape pipe, mounting blocks are slidably arranged on the slide rods, and a buffer assembly is arranged between the protective cover and the mounting blocks. In the process of collapse, the escape pipe of the collapse section will usually fall on the ground, and the earth and rocks above the tunnel will fall on the protective cover, so that the deformation and damage of the inlets and outlets caused by the direct action of the earth and rocks on the inlets and outlets are prevented, the buffer assembly plays a buffering role on the force of the protective cover, the protective performance of the protective cover is improved, the damage of the inlets and outlets is effectively prevented, and workers can quickly enter the escape pipe.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular to an escape platform for mudslides and water inrushes at the tunnel face. Background Technology

[0002] The tunnel face is the working face that advances continuously during tunnel excavation, representing the boundary between excavated and unexcavated rock strata. Water is the biggest source of water inrush and mudslide disasters, followed by high pressure. Tunnels are generally deep, and after blasting excavation, the original pressure balance is disrupted, resulting in a high-pressure state. Another factor is unfavorable geological conditions. Tunnels are typically long, large, and deep, experiencing diverse changes in surrounding rock. Water inrush and mudslide disasters are particularly prone to occur when tunnels pass through karst caves, fault fracture zones or contact zones, underground rivers, and other unfavorable geological formations. Therefore, escape routes must be provided during tunnel construction.

[0003] Escape pipes are commonly used tunnel escape platforms. To facilitate workers' rapid entry into the escape pipes, multiple inlets and outlets are typically installed at intervals along the pipe walls. Furthermore, to prevent water from entering the escape pipes in the event of a water inrush or mudslide, the escape pipes need to be installed on the tunnel sidewalls or roof above the tunnel construction surface.

[0004] However, if the tunnel collapses during construction, the escape tubes in the collapsed section will fall to the ground. The entrances and exits of the escape tubes will be impacted by the soil and rocks at the top of the tunnel, causing deformation and damage to the entrances and exits, as well as blockage by soil and rocks, making it difficult for workers to quickly enter the escape tubes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to enable workers to quickly enter the escape tunnel in the event of a collapse, this application provides an escape platform for mudslides and water inrushes at the tunnel face.

[0006] This application provides a tunnel face mudslide and water inrush escape platform, which adopts the following technical solution: An escape platform for mudslides and water inrushes at the tunnel face includes a support frame, an escape pipe, and a ladder. The support frame is fixedly installed on the tunnel sidewall, the escape pipe is installed on the support frame, and the top wall of the escape pipe has multiple inlets and outlets spaced apart along the length of the escape pipe. The ladder is fixedly installed between the support frame and the tunnel floor, and the top of the ladder is located at the inlet and outlet. A protective cover is installed above the entrance and exit of the escape tube. Sliding rods are fixedly installed on both sides of the escape tube along its length. Mounting blocks are slidably installed on the sliding rods. A buffer assembly is provided between the protective cover and the mounting blocks.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, if a mudslide or water inrush occurs at the tunnel face, workers can climb ladders to the escape pipe, enter through the inlet and outlet, and then quickly crawl outwards to evacuate. Most workers are usually concentrated near the tunnel face. If a tunnel collapse blocks the evacuation route, workers first locate the escape pipe's inlet and outlet, clear away any loose soil and rocks from the protective cover, move the cover, and then enter the escape pipe through the inlet and outlet, traversing the blocked section. During a collapse, the collapsed section of the escape pipe will typically fall to the ground, while soil and rocks above the tunnel will fall onto the protective cover, preventing direct impact and deformation of the inlet and outlet. The buffer components also cushion the impact on the protective cover, improving its protective performance and effectively preventing damage to the inlet and outlet, facilitating rapid entry into the escape pipe for workers.

[0008] Furthermore, a frame is fixedly fitted onto the escape tube, and the buffer assembly includes a fixed tube, a movable rod, and a buffer spring. The fixed tube is vertically fixed onto the frame, the movable rod slides through the fixed tube, the end of the movable rod away from the fixed tube is connected to the protective cover, and the buffer spring is fitted onto the outside of the fixed tube.

[0009] Furthermore, a spring plate is fixedly installed on the mounting block. The spring plate is deformable to the side away from the escape tube, and the bottom end of the fixing tube is fixedly connected to the end of the spring plate away from the mounting block.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, when soil and rocks fall on the protective cover, the spring plate will be subjected to a vertical downward force and a horizontal force. The horizontal force causes the spring plate to bend and deform outward, thereby buffering and absorbing the horizontal force of the protective cover. In conjunction with the buffer component used to buffer the vertical force, the impact resistance of the protective cover is effectively improved.

[0011] Furthermore, a top beam is fixedly installed on the top of the protective cover along its length, and ear plates are fixedly installed on both sides of the protective cover. A reinforcing rod is connected between the ear plates and the top beam. A connecting block is fixedly installed on the top of the movable rod, and the ear plates are installed on the connecting block. Two ear plates are fixedly installed on each side of the protective cover, and the ear plates are detachably installed on the connecting block.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solutions, the installation of the top beam and reinforcing rod effectively improves the impact resistance of the protective cover; and the ear plate and connecting block are detachable. When the mass of the soil and rocks is large, causing damage to the protective cover and deformation of the sliding rod, the protective cover will not be able to slide normally. At this time, the protective cover can be directly removed so that workers can smoothly enter the escape tube.

[0013] Furthermore, a connecting groove is provided on the connecting block, the ear plate is rotatably disposed in the connecting groove, and a pin is provided on the connecting block along the length direction of the protective cover, and the ear plate is rotatably sleeved on the pin.

[0014] Furthermore, a fixing ring is provided at one end of the escape tube, and the fixing rings of two adjacent escape tubes are fixedly connected by a hinge, and multiple fixing rings are provided on each escape tube along its own circumference; the fixing ring is slidably disposed on the outer wall of the escape tube along the length direction of the escape tube, and a first elastic element is provided on the escape tube to drive the fixing ring to slide away from the adjacent escape tube.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, when the tunnel collapses, some escape tubes fall to the ground. Due to the external force acting on the escape tubes, the distance between the connection points of two adjacent escape tubes will increase, especially the distance between the escape tubes that have fallen to the ground and those that have not. During this process, the first elastic element is stretched and plays a role in dissipating energy, preventing the escape tubes from being damaged by excessive tensile force.

[0016] Furthermore, the escape tube is equipped with an escape vehicle for moving along the escape tube. The escape vehicle includes a first moving plate and a second moving plate. A connecting shaft is provided between the first moving plate and the second moving plate. Two connecting shafts are provided. One end of the connecting shaft is hinged to the first moving plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the second moving plate. The rotation plane of the connecting shaft is perpendicular to the first moving plate. Rollers for rolling contact with the escape tube are rotatably provided at the bottom of the first moving plate and the second moving plate. At least two sets of rollers are provided.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, when there are injured personnel, they cannot move inside the escape tube on their own. The injured personnel lie flat or prone on the escape vehicle, with their body parts on the first moving plate and their legs on the second moving plate. Then, workers who can move normally are positioned behind the second moving plate and push the escape vehicle forward. Due to tunnel collapse causing some escape tubes to fall to the ground, because the escape tubes have a certain slope, and the connecting shaft is hinged to the first moving plate, the first moving plate can be tilted upwards or downwards relative to the second moving plate, so that the entire escape vehicle can move smoothly along the inclined escape tube.

[0018] Furthermore, a clearance groove is provided on the side wall of the first movable plate near the second movable plate along the length direction of the first movable plate. A clearance block is slidably disposed in the clearance groove. A spring connected to the clearance block is disposed in the clearance groove. The connecting shaft is hinged to the clearance block.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, when the escape tube is in the left or right curved section, the spring at one of the connecting shafts is compressed and the spring at the other connecting shaft is stretched, so as to adapt to the curved section of the escape tube and improve the applicability of the escape vehicle.

[0020] Furthermore, a connecting bridge for the passage of an escape vehicle is provided between two adjacent escape tubes. The connecting bridge includes multiple bridge plates arranged side by side and a connecting strip for connecting two adjacent bridge plates. The two ends of the connecting strip are respectively hinged to the two adjacent bridge plates. Two bridge plates located at both ends of the connecting bridge are hinged to inclined plates, and the inclined plates are hinged to the escape tubes.

[0021] Furthermore, the connecting strip includes a fixed strip and a movable strip. The movable strip slides through the fixed strip. The end of the fixed strip away from the movable strip is hinged to the side wall of the bridge plate. The end of the movable strip away from the fixed strip is also hinged to the side wall of the bridge plate. A second elastic element is provided inside the fixed strip to drive the movable strip to move into the fixed strip.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, when the escape tube falls to the ground, the distance between two adjacent escape tubes increases. At this time, the distance between two adjacent bridge plates also increases, allowing the escape vehicle to smoothly pass through the bridge plates and enter the adjacent escape tube. This prevents damage to the escape tube while ensuring that the escape vehicle can pass smoothly.

[0023] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. During the collapse, the escape tubes of the collapsed section will usually fall to the ground, while the soil and rocks above the tunnel will fall onto the protective cover, preventing the soil and rocks from directly impacting the entrance and exit and causing deformation and damage to the entrance and exit. The buffer component also acts as a buffer against the force on the protective cover, improving the protective performance of the protective cover, effectively preventing damage to the entrance and exit, and facilitating workers to quickly enter the escape tube.

[0024] 2. When the tunnel collapses, some escape tubes fall to the ground. Due to the external force acting on the escape tubes, the distance between the connection points of adjacent escape tubes will increase, especially the distance between the escape tubes that have fallen to the ground and those that have not. During this process, the first elastic element is stretched and plays a role in dissipating energy, preventing the escape tubes from being damaged by excessive tensile force.

[0025] 3. When the escape tube falls to the ground, the distance between two adjacent escape tubes increases. At the same time, the distance between two adjacent bridge plates increases, allowing the escape vehicle to pass smoothly through the bridge plates and enter the adjacent escape tube. This prevents damage to the escape tubes while ensuring that the escape vehicle can pass smoothly. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of two adjacent escape tubes stretched apart according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the escape tube and protective cover according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the buffer component, which is the main feature of this application. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the connection structure between two adjacent escape tubes, as shown in the embodiments of this application. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the escape vehicle according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the main structure of the connecting bridge in the embodiments of this application.

[0027] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Support frame; 11. Ladder; 2. Escape tube; 21. Frame body; 22. Sliding rod; 23. Clamp; 24. Guide rod; 241. Fixed platform; 242. Sliding platform; 2421. Fixing ring; 243. First elastic element; 25. Hinge; 3. Protective cover; 31. Top beam; 32. Reinforcing rod; 33. Ear plate; 4. Mounting block; 41. Spring plate; 5. Buffer assembly; 51. Fixing tube; 52. Movable rod; 521. Connecting block; 5211. Pin; 5212. Locking rod; 53. Buffer spring; 6. Escape vehicle; 61. First moving plate; 611. Spring; 612. Clearing block; 62. Second moving plate; 63. Roller; 64. Connecting shaft; 7. Connecting bridge; 71. Bridge plate; 72. Connecting strip; 721. Fixing strip; 722. Movable strip; 73. Inclined plate; 74. Second elastic element. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-7 This application will be described in further detail.

[0029] This application discloses an escape platform for mudslides and water inrushes at the tunnel face.

[0030] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 An escape platform for mudslides and water inrushes at the tunnel face is disclosed, comprising a support frame 1, an escape pipe 2, and a ladder 11. The support frame 1 is fixedly installed on the tunnel sidewall, and the escape pipe 2 is installed on the support frame 1. The escape pipe 2 is made of polyethylene to reduce its weight. Multiple entrances and exits are spaced along the length of the escape pipe 2 on its top wall, with one entrance / exit every 30 meters. The ladder 11 is fixedly installed between the support frame 1 and the tunnel floor, with its top located at the entrance / exit. The ladder 11 is made of steel reinforcement.

[0031] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3A protective cover 3 is installed above the entrance and exit of the escape pipe 2. The protective cover 3 is arc-shaped and its area is larger than that of the entrance and exit to prevent soil and rocks from entering. A top beam 31 is fixedly installed on the top of the protective cover 3 along its length, and a reinforcing rod 32 is fixedly connected between the top beam 31 and the edge of the protective cover 3. A frame 21 is fixedly fitted onto the escape pipe 2 to improve the overall structural strength.

[0032] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 The escape tube 2 has slide rods 22 fixedly installed on both sides along its length. The slide rods 22 are fixedly installed on the frame 21. The mounting block 4 is slidably installed on the slide rod 22. The mounting block 4 is fixedly installed on the mounting block 4. The spring plate 41 can deform to the side away from the escape tube 2. The bottom end of the fixed tube 51 is fixedly connected to the end of the spring plate 41 away from the mounting block 4. The spring plate 41 is made of steel plate.

[0033] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 A buffer assembly 5 is provided between the protective cover 3 and the mounting block 4. The buffer assembly 5 includes a fixed tube 51, a movable rod 52, and a buffer spring 53. The fixed tube 51 is vertically fixed on the frame 21 and fixed on the spring plate 41. The movable rod 52 slides through the fixed tube 51, and one end of the movable rod 52 away from the fixed tube 51 is connected to the protective cover 3. Specifically, a connecting block 521 is fixedly provided on the top of the movable rod 52. The buffer spring 53 is sleeved on the outside of the fixed tube 51. One end of the buffer spring 53 abuts against the spring plate 41, and the other end abuts against the connecting block 521.

[0034] When soil and rocks fall onto the protective cover 3, the spring plate 41 will be subjected to a vertical downward force and a horizontal force. The horizontal force causes the spring plate 41 to bend and deform outward, thereby buffering and absorbing the horizontal force of the protective cover 3. In conjunction with the buffer component 5 used to buffer the vertical force, the impact resistance of the protective cover 3 is effectively improved.

[0035] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 Two ear plates 33 are fixedly installed on each side of the protective cover 3, and the ear plates 33 are mounted on the connecting block 521. The ear plates 33 are detachably mounted on the connecting block 521. A connecting groove is provided on the connecting block 521, and the ear plates 33 are rotatably mounted within the connecting groove. A pin 5211 passes through the connecting block 521 along the length of the protective cover 3, and the ear plates 33 are rotatably fitted onto the pin 5211. A insertion hole is provided on the pin 5211, and a locking rod 5212 passes through the insertion hole. The locking rod 5212 abuts against the side wall of the connecting block 521 to prevent the pin 5211 from easily falling off.

[0036] The ear plate 33 and the connecting block 521 are detachable. When the soil and rock mass is large, causing the protective cover 3 to be damaged and the sliding rod 22 to be deformed, the protective cover 3 will not be able to slide normally. At this time, the protective cover 3 can be removed directly so that workers can smoothly enter the escape tube 2.

[0037] Among them, reference Figure 5 One end of the escape tube 2 is provided with a fixing ring 2421. The fixing rings 2421 of two adjacent escape tubes 2 are fixedly connected by a hinge 25. Each escape tube 2 is provided with multiple fixing rings 2421 along its own circumference. In this embodiment, four fixing rings 2421 are provided.

[0038] Reference Figure 5 A fixing ring 2421 is slidably mounted on the outer wall of the escape tube 2 along its length. A guide rod 24 is fixedly mounted on the escape tube 2, and the guide rod 24 is parallel to the axial direction of the escape tube 2. To improve the installation strength of the guide rod 24, a clamp 23 is fixedly sleeved at the end of the escape tube 2, and the guide rod 24 is fixedly mounted on the clamp 23. A fixing platform 241 is fixedly mounted on the guide rod 24.

[0039] Reference Figure 5 A sliding platform 242 is slidably mounted on the guide rod 24, and a fixing ring 2421 is fixedly mounted on the sliding platform 242. The escape tube 2 is provided with a first elastic element 243 for driving the fixing ring 2421 to slide away from the adjacent escape tube 2. The first elastic element 243 is a first compression spring, one end of which abuts against the fixing platform 241, and the other end abuts against the sliding platform 242.

[0040] When the tunnel collapses, some of the escape tubes 2 fall to the ground. As the escape tubes 2 are subjected to external forces, the distance between the connection points of two adjacent escape tubes 2 will increase. In particular, the distance between the escape tubes 2 that have fallen to the ground and the escape tubes 2 that have not fallen to the ground will increase. During this process, the first elastic element 243 is stretched and plays a role in dissipating energy, preventing the escape tubes 2 from being damaged by excessive stretching external forces.

[0041] Among them, reference Figure 6 An escape vehicle 6 is provided inside the escape tube 2 for moving along the escape tube 2. The escape vehicle 6 includes a first moving plate 61 and a second moving plate 62. The bottom of the first moving plate 61 and the second moving plate 62 are rotatably provided with rollers 63 for rolling contact with the escape tube 2. At least two sets of rollers 63 are provided.

[0042] Reference Figure 6A connecting shaft 64 connects the first movable plate 61 and the second movable plate 62. Two connecting shafts 64 are provided. One end of the connecting shaft 64 is hinged to the first movable plate 61, and the other end is fixedly connected to the second movable plate 62. The rotation plane of the connecting shaft 64 is perpendicular to the first movable plate 61. A clearance groove is formed on the side wall of the first movable plate 61 near the second movable plate 62 along the length direction of the first movable plate 61. A clearance block 612 is slidably disposed in the clearance groove, and the connecting shaft 64 is hinged to the clearance block 612. A spring 611 is provided in the clearance groove and connected to the clearance block 612. One end of the spring 611 is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the clearance groove, and the other end is fixedly connected to the clearance block 612.

[0043] When there are injured personnel, they cannot move within the escape tube 2 on their own. The injured should lie flat or prone on the escape vehicle 6, with their body on the first moving plate 61 and their legs on the second moving plate 62. Then, workers who can move normally should be positioned behind the second moving plate 62 and push the escape vehicle 6 forward. Due to tunnel collapse, part of the escape tube 2 falls to the ground. Because the escape tube 2 has a certain slope, and the connecting shaft 64 is hinged to the first moving plate 61, the first moving plate 61 can deflect upwards or downwards relative to the second moving plate 62, allowing the entire escape vehicle 6 to move smoothly along the inclined escape tube 2. When in the left or right curved sections of the escape tube 2, the spring 611 at one connecting shaft 64 is compressed, and the spring 611 at the other connecting shaft 64 is stretched, to adapt to the curved sections of the escape tube 2 and improve the applicability of the escape vehicle 6.

[0044] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 7 A connecting bridge 7 is provided between two adjacent escape tubes 2 for the escape vehicle 6 to pass through. The connecting bridge 7 includes multiple bridge plates 71 arranged side by side and a connecting strip 72 for connecting two adjacent bridge plates 71. The two ends of the connecting strip 72 are respectively hinged to two adjacent bridge plates 71. The width of the bridge plate 71 is not less than the distance between two sets of rollers 63, so that the escape vehicle 6 can pass through the bridge plate 71 smoothly.

[0045] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 7 In order to facilitate the smooth movement of the roller 63 onto the bridge plate 71, the two bridge plates 71 located at both ends of the connecting bridge 7 are hinged with inclined plates 73, and the inclined plates 73 are hinged to the escape tube 2.

[0046] Reference Figure 7The connecting bar 72 includes a fixed bar 721 and a movable bar 722. The movable bar 722 slides through the fixed bar 721. A sliding groove is formed on the side wall of the fixed bar 721 near the movable bar 722 along the length of the fixed bar 721, and the movable bar 722 slides through the sliding groove. The end of the fixed bar 721 away from the movable bar 722 is hinged to the side wall of the bridge plate 71, and the end of the movable bar 722 away from the fixed bar 721 is also hinged to the side wall of the bridge plate 71. A second elastic element 74 is provided inside the fixed bar 721 to drive the movable bar 722 to move into the fixed bar 721. The second elastic element 74 is a second spring 611, one end of which is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the sliding groove, and the other end is fixedly connected to the movable bar 722. To facilitate the smooth passage of the escape vehicle 6, the maximum distance that two adjacent bridge plates 71 can be pulled apart is less than the diameter of the roller 63.

[0047] When the escape tube 2 falls to the ground, the distance between two adjacent escape tubes 2 increases. At this time, the distance between two adjacent bridge plates 71 also increases, allowing the escape vehicle 6 to pass smoothly through the bridge plate 71 and enter the adjacent escape tube 2. This prevents damage to the escape tube 2 while ensuring that the escape vehicle 6 can pass smoothly.

[0048] The implementation principle of this application embodiment is as follows: If a mudslide or water inrush occurs at the tunnel face, workers can climb to the escape pipe 2 using ladder 11, enter the escape pipe 2 through the inlet and outlet, and then quickly crawl outwards to evacuate. Most workers are usually concentrated near the tunnel face. If the tunnel collapses and the evacuation route is blocked, workers first locate the inlet and outlet of the escape pipe 2, clear away the soil and rocks that have shifted from the protective cover 3, move the protective cover 3, and then workers can enter the escape pipe 2 through the inlet and outlet and pass through the blocked section. During the collapse, the collapsed section of the escape pipe 2 will usually fall to the ground, while the soil and rocks above the tunnel will fall onto the protective cover 3, preventing the soil and rocks from directly impacting the inlet and outlet and causing deformation or damage. When soil and rocks fall onto the protective cover 3, the spring plate 41 will be subjected to both a vertically downward force and a horizontal force. The horizontal force causes the spring plate 41 to bend and deform outward, thereby buffering and absorbing the horizontal force on the protective cover 3. Combined with the buffer assembly 5, which buffers the vertical force, this effectively improves the impact resistance of the protective cover 3. It also effectively prevents damage to the entrance and exit, facilitates workers' rapid entry into the escape pipe 2, and enhances safety.

[0049] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An escape platform for mudslides and water inrushes at the tunnel face, characterized in that: The system includes a support frame (1), an escape tube (2), and a ladder (11). The support frame (1) is fixedly installed on the tunnel side wall. The escape tube (2) is installed on the support frame (1). The top wall of the escape tube (2) has multiple entrances and exits spaced apart along the length of the escape tube (2). The ladder (11) is fixedly installed between the support frame (1) and the tunnel floor. The top of the ladder (11) is located at the entrance and exit. A protective cover (3) is provided above the inlet and outlet of the escape tube (2). The protective cover (3) is arc-shaped and its area is larger than that of the inlet and outlet. Slide rods (22) are fixedly provided on both sides of the escape tube (2) along its length. Mounting blocks (4) are slidably provided on the slide rods (22). A buffer assembly (5) is provided between the protective cover (3) and the mounting blocks (4). The escape tube (2) is fixedly fitted with a frame (21). The buffer assembly (5) includes a fixed tube (51), a movable rod (52), and a buffer spring (53). The fixed tube (51) is vertically fixed on the frame (21). The movable rod (52) slides through the fixed tube (51). A connecting block (521) is fixedly installed at the end of the movable rod (52) away from the fixed tube (51). The connecting block (521) is connected to the protective cover (3). A spring plate (41) is fixedly installed on the mounting block (4). The spring plate (41) can deform to the side away from the escape tube (2). The bottom end of the fixed tube (51) is fixedly connected to the end of the spring plate (41) away from the mounting block (4). The buffer spring (53) is fitted outside the fixed tube (51). One end of the buffer spring (53) abuts against the spring plate (41), and the other end abuts against the connecting block (521).

2. The tunnel face mudslide and water inrush escape platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: A top beam (31) is fixedly installed on the top of the protective cover (3) along its length. Ear plates (33) are fixedly installed on both sides of the protective cover (3). A reinforcing rod (32) connects the ear plates (33) to the top beam (31). The ear plates (33) are mounted on the connecting block (521). Two ear plates (33) are fixedly installed on each side of the protective cover (3). The ear plates (33) are detachably mounted on the connecting block (521). Above; the connecting block (521) is provided with a connecting groove, the ear plate (33) is rotatably disposed in the connecting groove, the connecting block (521) is provided with a pin (5211) passing through it along the length direction of the protective cover (3), the ear plate (33) is rotatably sleeved on the pin (5211); the pin (5211) is provided with a insertion hole, the insertion hole is provided with a locking rod (5212), and the locking rod (5212) abuts against the side wall of the connecting block (521).

3. The tunnel face mudslide and water inrush escape platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the escape tube (2) is provided with a fixing ring (2421), and the fixing rings (2421) of two adjacent escape tubes (2) are fixedly connected by a hinge (25). Each escape tube (2) is provided with multiple fixing rings (2421) along its circumference. The end of the escape tube (2) is fixedly fitted with a clamp (23), and a guide rod (24) parallel to the axial direction of the escape tube (2) is fixedly installed on the clamp (23). A fixing rod (24) is fixedly installed on the guide rod (24). The platform (241) has a sliding platform (242) slidably sleeved on the guide rod (24), and the fixing ring (2421) is fixedly set on the sliding platform (242); the escape tube (2) is provided with a first elastic element (243) for driving the fixing ring (2421) to slide away from the adjacent escape tube (2), the first elastic element (243) is a first compression spring, one end of the first compression spring abuts against the fixing platform (241), and the other end abuts against the sliding platform (242).

4. The tunnel face mudslide and water inrush escape platform according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The escape tube (2) is equipped with an escape vehicle (6) for moving along the escape tube (2). The escape vehicle (6) includes a first moving plate (61) and a second moving plate (62). A connecting shaft (64) is connected between the first moving plate (61) and the second moving plate (62). Two connecting shafts (64) are provided. One end of the connecting shaft (64) is hinged to the first moving plate (61), and the other end is fixedly connected to the second moving plate (62). The rotation plane of the connecting shaft (64) is perpendicular to the first moving plate (61). The bottom of the first moving plate (61) and the second moving plate (62) are rotatably provided with rollers (63) for rolling contact with the escape tube (2). At least two sets of rollers (63) are provided.

5. The tunnel face mudslide and water inrush escape platform according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first movable plate (61) has a clearance groove on the side wall near the second movable plate (62) along the length direction of the first movable plate (61). A clearance block (612) is slidably disposed in the clearance groove. A spring (611) connected to the clearance block (612) is disposed in the clearance groove. The connecting shaft (64) is hinged to the clearance block (612).

6. The tunnel face mudslide and water inrush escape platform according to claim 4, characterized in that: A connecting bridge (7) for the passage of an escape vehicle (6) is provided between two adjacent escape tubes (2). The connecting bridge (7) includes multiple bridge plates (71) arranged side by side and a connecting strip (72) for connecting two adjacent bridge plates (71). The two ends of the connecting strip (72) are respectively hinged to the two adjacent bridge plates (71). The two bridge plates (71) located at both ends of the connecting bridge (7) are hinged with inclined plates (73). The inclined plates (73) are hinged to the escape tubes (2). The width of the bridge plate (71) is not less than the distance between the two sets of rollers (63).

7. The tunnel face mudslide and water inrush escape platform according to claim 6, characterized in that: The connecting bar (72) includes a fixed bar (721) and a movable bar (722). The movable bar (722) slides through the fixed bar (721). The end of the fixed bar (721) away from the movable bar (722) is hinged to the side wall of the bridge plate (71). The end of the movable bar (722) away from the fixed bar (721) is hinged to the side wall of the bridge plate (71). A second elastic element (74) for driving the movable bar (722) to move into the fixed bar (721) is provided inside the fixed bar (721). The maximum distance that two adjacent bridge plates (71) can be pulled apart is less than the diameter of the roller (63).

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