Simulation experiment device and method for influence of underground ore drawing on stockpiled bulk material in open pit

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of underground mining of metal deposits, and particularly relates to a simulation experiment device and method for the influence of underground ore deposit on open pit heap storage of bulk materials, the simulation experiment device characterized in that it comprises an experiment device shell, a slide rail at the top end of the experiment device shell, a group of laser modules, a collector, a PC control system, an open pit slope positioning plate inside the experiment device shell, an ore body upper and lower disc positioning plate connected through a rotating shaft, a horizontal slot and a bottom slot, an ore deposit outlet on the horizontal slot, and an electronic scale at the lower part of the ore deposit outlet of the bottom layer. The open pit slope, the ore body inclination and the ore outlet position of the present application can be adjusted, which is convenient for simulating different mining technical conditions; the laser module array non-contact measures the surface displacement of bulk materials, with high measurement accuracy and efficiency, and the position of the laser module can be adjusted to adapt to the surface of bulk materials of different sizes; the weight of the discharged ore is synchronously collected and stored with the laser ranging, and the relationship between the two is accurate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of underground mining of metal deposits, and in particular relates to a simulation experimental device and method for the impact of underground ore discharge on open-pit stockpiling of bulk materials. Background Technology

[0002] For shallow metal deposits, open-pit mining is the primary method. However, as shallow resources have been depleted, open-pit mining has gradually shifted to underground mining. After transitioning to underground mining, the main mining methods are caving and backfilling, with caving being widely used due to its safety and efficiency.

[0003] Meanwhile, after transitioning to underground mining, the development and preparation works located outside the vein generate a large amount of waste rock. Traditionally, this was done by setting up dedicated waste rock dumps on the surface. In recent years, for environmental reasons and to minimize land occupation, open pits have been used to store large quantities of waste rock. For underground backfilling mining, because of the use of isolation pillars, the open pit does not collapse, and the open-pit storage of waste rock is relatively safe. However, for underground caving mining, due to the collapse of the open-pit surface, underground ore mining will affect the waste rock stored in the open pit.

[0004] This impact is mainly reflected in the following two aspects: First, the stability of the edge of the stockpiled bulk material is poor. It is generally formed by gradually dumping the waste rock into a stockpile. Due to the disturbance caused by underground mining, the edge of the waste rock stockpile is relatively unstable, which is not conducive to the safety of rock dumping operations. Second, a sudden collapse pit may form on the surface of the stockpiled waste rock, which may affect the safety of passing transport vehicles and personnel.

[0005] To address this issue, numerical simulation methods have been commonly used to study the patterns of underground caving mining and bulk material transport. While this method is relatively intuitive, it does not closely reflect the actual situation. Therefore, it is crucial to use physical simulation methods to study the impact of underground caving mining on open-pit bulk material storage. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a simulation experimental device and method for the impact of underground ore dumping on open-pit bulk material storage, providing scientific and technological guidance for open-pit to underground caving mining, open-pit bulk material storage, underground ore dumping location and quantity, and storage route.

[0007] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: The present invention provides a simulation experimental device for the impact of underground ore dumping on open-pit bulk material storage. The device comprises an outer shell, a slide rail at the top of the outer shell, a set of laser modules mounted on the slide rail, a data acquisition unit connected to the laser modules, a PC control system connected to the data acquisition unit, two open-pit slope positioning plates I and II located inside the outer shell, an upper and lower ore body positioning plate I located below the upper ore body positioning plate I and hinged via a pivot I, an upper and lower ore body positioning plate II located below the lower ore body positioning plate II and hinged via a pivot II, several horizontal slots and a bottom slot between the upper and lower ore body positioning plates I and II, an ore dumping port located on the horizontal slots, a bottom insert plate inserted into the bottom slot, and an electronic scale located below the lowest ore dumping port, the electronic scale being connected to the PC control system.

[0008] The upper part of the open-pit slope positioning plate I and the open-pit slope positioning plate II is provided with positioning pin I, and the lower part of the upper and lower plate positioning plates I and the upper and lower plate positioning plates II is provided with positioning pin II.

[0009] A method for using a simulation experimental device for the impact of underground ore dumping on open-pit stockpiles, characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) Adjust the slope angles α1 and α2 of the open pit and the dip angles β1 and β2 of the upper and lower plates of the ore body according to the actual conditions of different mines; adjust the positioning plates I, II, I and II of the open pit slope, and the upper and lower plates of the ore body respectively through the rotating shaft I and rotating shaft II. After the angles are adjusted, lock them with the positioning pins. (2) Insert the bottom insert plate through the bottom slot to control the flow of loose particles; (3) Fill the model with ore and waste rock, the height of which can be adjusted according to the research needs; (4) Adjust the position of the laser module on the slide rail according to the surface size of the waste rock, and accurately record the position of each laser module. Considering the size of the laser module and the size of the test range, the number of laser modules can be increased or decreased as needed. The laser module is connected to the PC control system through the collector, and the laser ranging data is recorded and stored once every 1 second. (5) On the horizontal slot, adjust the position of the ore discharge port and increase the ore discharge amount in turn. The discharged ore bulk is poured into an electronic scale for weighing. The scale is connected to the PC control system and is stored synchronously with the laser ranging data, thereby obtaining the relationship between the ore discharge amount and the surface displacement of the waste rock bulk. (6) After the experiment, remove the bottom plate. The ore and waste rock will flow out from the bottom. After cleaning, reset the experimental device.

[0010] Advantages of this invention: (1) The simulation experimental device and method for the effect of underground ore dumping on open-pit stockpiling of loose materials of the present invention can adjust the open-pit slope, ore body dip angle and ore outlet position to facilitate the simulation of different mining technical conditions. (2) The simulation experimental device and method for the effect of underground mining on open-pit stockpiled bulk materials of the present invention uses a laser module array to non-contactly measure the surface displacement of the bulk materials, which has high measurement accuracy and efficiency. The position of the laser module can be adjusted to adapt to the surface of waste rock bulk materials of different sizes. (3) The simulation experimental device and method of the present invention for the effect of underground ore release on open pit stockpiling of bulk materials, the release of ore weighing and laser ranging are collected and stored simultaneously, and the relationship between the two is accurate. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the positioning plate of the open slope and the positioning plates of the upper and lower plates of the ore body. Detailed Implementation

[0012] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0013] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the simulation experimental device for the impact of underground ore dumping on open-pit stockpiles of the present invention is characterized by comprising an outer shell 15, a slide rail 14 disposed at the top of the outer shell 15, a set of laser modules 1 disposed on the slide rail 14, a collector 16 connected to the set of laser modules 1, a PC control system connected to the collector 16, an open-pit slope positioning plate I3 and an open-pit slope positioning plate II13 disposed inside the outer shell 15, and a device disposed at the lower part of the open-pit slope positioning plate I3. The upper and lower plate positioning plates I6 of the ore body are hinged by pivot I4; the upper and lower plate positioning plates II12 of the ore body are set below the positioning plate II13 of the open slope and hinged by pivot II5; several horizontal slots 7 and bottom slots 9 are set between the upper and lower plate positioning plates I6 and II12 of the ore body; the ore discharge port 8 is set on the horizontal slot 7; the bottom insert plate 11 is inserted into the bottom slot 9; and the electronic scale 17 is set below the bottommost ore discharge port 8. This electronic scale 17 is connected to the PC control system.

[0014] like Figure 2 As shown, the upper part of the open-pit slope positioning plate I3 and the open-pit slope positioning plate II13 is provided with positioning pin I2, and the lower part of the ore body upper and lower plate positioning plate I6 and the ore body upper and lower plate positioning plate II12 is provided with positioning pin II10.

[0015] A method for using a simulation experimental device for the impact of underground ore dumping on open-pit stockpiles, characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) Adjust the slope angles α1 and α2 of the open pit and the dip angles β1 and β2 of the upper and lower plates of the ore body according to the actual conditions of different mines; adjust the positioning plates I3, II13, I6 and II12 of the open pit slope, respectively through the rotating shaft I4 and rotating shaft II5. After the angles are adjusted, lock them with the positioning pins 2 and 10. (2) Insert the bottom insert plate 11 through the bottom slot 9 to control the loose particles from flowing out; (3) Fill the model with ore and waste rock, the height of which can be adjusted according to the research needs; (4) Adjust the position of the laser module 1 on the slide rail 14 according to the surface size of the waste rock, and accurately record the position of each laser module 1. Considering the size of the laser module and the size of the test range, the number of laser modules can be increased or decreased as needed. The laser module 1 is connected to the PC control system through the collector 16, and records and stores the laser ranging data once every 1 second. (5) On the horizontal slot 7, adjust the position of the ore discharge port 8 and increase the ore discharge amount in turn. The discharged ore bulk is poured into the electronic scale 17 for weighing. The scale is connected to the PC control system and synchronously stored with the laser ranging data, thereby obtaining the relationship between the ore discharge amount and the surface displacement of the waste rock bulk. (6) After the experiment, remove the bottom plate 11. The ore and waste rock will flow out from the bottom. After cleaning, reset the experimental device. Example

[0016] 1. Adjust the open-pit slope angles α1 and α2, and the dip angles β1 and β2 of the ore body's hanging wall and footwall, according to the actual conditions of different mines. Taking the Yanqianshan iron mine as an example, α1=35°, α2=38°, β1=β2=88°. Adjust the open-pit slope positioning plates I3, II13, I6, and II12 respectively using pivot I4 and pivot II5. After the angles are adjusted, lock them using positioning pins I2 and II10.

[0017] 2. Insert the bottom insert plate 11 through the bottom slot 9 to control the loose particles from flowing out.

[0018] 3. Fill the model with ore and waste rock, the height of which can be adjusted according to research needs.

[0019] 4. Adjust the position of laser module 1 on slide rail 14 according to the surface dimensions of the waste rock, and accurately record the position of each laser module. Up to 20 laser modules can be set. Considering the size of the laser modules and the test range, the number of laser modules can be increased or decreased as needed. The laser modules are connected to the PC control system through the data acquisition unit 16, and the laser ranging data is recorded and stored every 1 second.

[0020] 5. On the horizontal slot 7, adjust the position of the ore discharge port 8 and increase the ore discharge amount in turn. The discharged ore bulk is poured into the electronic scale 17 for weighing. The scale is connected to the PC control system and synchronously stores the laser ranging data, thereby obtaining the relationship between the ore discharge amount and the surface displacement of the waste rock bulk.

[0021] 6. After the experiment, remove the bottom plate 11. The ore and waste rock will flow out from the bottom. After cleaning, reset the experimental device.

[0022] The present invention provides a simulation experimental device and method for the impact of underground ore discharge on open-pit stockpiles. The open-pit slope, ore body dip angle, and ore outlet position are adjustable to facilitate the simulation of different mining technical conditions. The laser module array performs non-contact measurement of the surface displacement of the stockpile, with high measurement accuracy and efficiency. The laser module position is adjustable to adapt to the surface of waste rock stockpiles of different sizes. The weighing of discharged ore and laser ranging are collected and stored simultaneously, and the relationship between the two is accurate.

Claims

1. A simulation method for the impact of underground ore dumping on open-pit stockpiling of bulk materials, comprising a simulation experimental device including an outer shell of the experimental device, a slide rail mounted on the top of the outer shell, a set of laser modules mounted on the slide rail, a data acquisition device connected to the set of laser modules, a PC control system connected to the data acquisition device, an open-pit slope positioning plate I and an open-pit slope positioning plate II mounted inside the outer shell of the experimental device, an upper and lower plate positioning plate I mounted below the open-pit slope positioning plate I and hinged via a pivot I, an upper and lower plate positioning plate II mounted below the open-pit slope positioning plate II and hinged via a pivot II, several horizontal slots and a bottom slot between the upper and lower plate positioning plates I and II, an ore dumping port mounted on the horizontal slots, a bottom insert plate inserted into the bottom slot, and an electronic scale mounted below the bottommost ore dumping port, the electronic scale being connected to the PC control system; Its features Includes the following steps: (1) Adjust the slope angles α1 and α2 of the open pit and the dip angles β1 and β2 of the upper and lower plates of the ore body according to the actual conditions of different mines; adjust the positioning plates I, II, I and II of the open pit slope, and the upper and lower plates of the ore body respectively through the rotating shaft I and rotating shaft II. After the angles are adjusted, lock them with the positioning pin I and positioning pin II. (2) Insert the bottom insert plate through the bottom slot to control the flow of loose particles; (3) Fill the model with ore and waste rock, the height of which can be adjusted according to the research needs; (4) Adjust the position of the laser module on the slide rail according to the surface size of the waste rock, and accurately record the position of each laser module. Considering the size of the laser module and the size of the test range, the number of laser modules can be increased or decreased as needed. The laser module is connected to the PC control system through the collector, and the laser ranging data is recorded and stored once every 1 second. (5) On the horizontal slot, adjust the position of the ore discharge port and increase the ore discharge amount in turn. The discharged ore bulk is poured into the electronic scale for weighing. The electronic scale is connected to the PC control system and is stored synchronously with the laser ranging data, thereby obtaining the relationship between the ore discharge amount and the surface displacement of the waste rock bulk. (6) After the experiment, remove the bottom plate. The ore and waste rock will flow out from the bottom. After cleaning, reset the experimental device.

2. The simulation method for the impact of underground ore dumping on open-pit stockpiles as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The upper part of the open-pit slope positioning plate I and the open-pit slope positioning plate II is provided with positioning pin I, and the lower part of the upper and lower plate positioning plates I and the upper and lower plate positioning plates II is provided with positioning pin II.

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