Pneumatic system for an anesthesia system

Abstract

A pneumatic system (55) for an anesthesia system is described having an inner circulation system (34) and an outer circulation system (54). The inner circulation system (34) has a purge valve assembly (49). The purge valve assembly (49) can be placed in an open state by a control unit (200) based on a current tidal volume.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an assembly of a component of a pneumatic system for an anesthesia device. The anesthesia device is used to safely administer general anesthesia. Modern anesthesia devices have a closed breathing system in which most of the exhaled gas does not leave the device. This is also known as a closed anesthesia system. Exhaled carbon dioxide is absorbed by the respiratory calcium lime, and only the used portion of the gas (such as oxygen) is supplied to the circuit with fresh gas. This method has the advantage of allowing for the efficient use of substances used for anesthesia (general anesthetics). Background Technology

[0002] US5875783A describes various variations of anesthesia equipment with radial ventilation (blower, radial compressor, fan). US5875783A... Figure 6 Parallel patent DE19714644C2 illustrates a pneumatic system that can be designed with a radial fan. Compared to a piston actuator, a radial fan offers the following advantages: especially in a stationary state (n=0) or when the rotational speed of the fan wheel in the radial fan is very low or minimal, it can achieve gas flow both in the direction of rotation of the fan wheel and in the opposite direction. In the direction of rotation, the gas is delivered toward the patient. This provides numerous advantages for the design of anesthesia or respiratory equipment, as also described in US5875783A. For example, the patient can also exhale against minimal flow resistance by going against the direction of rotation of the radial fan. For the purpose of understanding the functionality and advantages of the pneumatic system according to the prior art (as described in DE19714644C2), this application should rely on DE19714644C2. Figure 6 The accompanying diagrams illustrate the function of the pneumatic system.

[0003] During inhalation, the radial ventilator draws anesthetic gas from the so-called fresh gas line, which is a mixture of oxygen or air with nitrous oxide and a vaporized anesthetic, and additionally draws buffered exhaled gas from the manual breathing bag as inhaled gas. If the pressure level in the patient's lungs is lower than the pressure level at the radial ventilator, the inhaled gas reaches and enters the patient via the carbon dioxide absorber and through the inspiratory check valve, then through the breathing tubing, patient connection element (patient Y-fitting), and airway access (breathing mask, endotracheal tube, tracheostomy). Once the pressure conditions reverse, i.e., once the pressure level in the patient's lungs is higher than the pressure level at the radial ventilator, the gas flows from the patient through the expiratory check valve and through the radial ventilator into the manual breathing bag. The pressure level at the output of the radial ventilator depends on the amount of gas delivered and the flow resistance in the pneumatic system, which can be set by varying the rotational speed. Depressurization during the cycle can be achieved via a settable resistance in the anesthetic gas outlet. For automated breathing, the settable resistance must be selected at the position indicated by the dashed line. Alternatively, the valve can be pneumatically bridged using a bypass valve (ABV). During manual breathing, the circuit is driven by a manual breathing bag, and the valve (APL valve) restricts airway pressure. When the radial fan is running, manual breathing can be performed at elevated pressure levels. The amount of gas inhaled is measured using a flow sensor, and the measured data can be used in control technology to drive the motor and control breathing. This pneumatic system allows patients to inhale and exhale spontaneously at any pressure level.

[0004] Under certain operating conditions of anesthesia equipment, particularly when only a small amount of fresh gas is introduced into the pneumatic system during the substantially stable phase of anesthesia administration (i.e., most of the anesthetic gas circulates back and forth between the flow sensor and the patient within the pneumatic system loop), a pendelvolumen can occur in the pneumatic system. This results in the patient receiving only a small amount of fresh oxygen, or at least partially—or in some cases primarily—reaching the anesthetic gas scavenging system (AGSS), essentially re-inhaling their previously exhaled gas, while carbon dioxide is not adequately removed by the carbon dioxide absorber.

[0005] Regarding the volatile anesthetic gases used, it should also be noted that when performing so-called low-flow anesthesia with a low fresh gas flow rate in closed or partially open anesthesia systems, the savings in anesthetic gases not only lead to significant cost savings, but also reduce the release of anesthetic gases into the environment by ensuring that unnecessary consumption of anesthetic agents is avoided through circulation. Reducing the amount of anesthetic gases released into the environment is also highly desirable for climate protection reasons, as volatile anesthetic gases, such as desflurane, isoflurane, enflurane, sevoflurane, and halothane, act as climate-damaging gases similar to carbon dioxide or methane by contributing to global warming through the additional absorption of infrared radiation in the Earth's atmosphere.

[0006] In particular, the tidal volume V that is supplied to the patient inspiratory by activating the radial ventilation fan and exhaled by the pressure drop caused by temporarily or partially disabling the radial ventilation fan or reducing its speed, and then flows back to the manual breathing bag through the pneumatic system, is significant. T When the volume of the pneumatic system is on the same order of magnitude, a structure with this floating volume will appear during operation. The main part of the floating volume in the pneumatic system is located between the fresh gas inlet and the location where the pneumatic system branches into inhalation and exhalation paths.

[0007] The volume within a pneumatic system depends primarily on the volume of the carbon dioxide absorber and the structural design of the pneumatic components. Since the floating volume is mainly influenced by the structural design of the pneumatic components and how they are integrated into the breathing and / or anesthesia equipment, and furthermore, the volume of the carbon dioxide absorber can be reduced without notable drawbacks regarding the reduction in the duration of associated surgical interventions, a need arises for a solution that provides the advantages of a cost-effective pneumatic system with a radial fan: the advantages of a cost-effective pneumatic system with a radial fan can be fully utilized even when operating at low tidal volumes.

[0008] An alternative solution to the problem of floating volumes can be achieved by avoiding situations with small tidal volumes. This is, in principle, achieved by limiting the settable tidal volume to the lower limit of the minimum tidal volume in the anesthesia device. Therefore, such anesthesia devices are no longer suitable for certain patient groups, especially infants, toddlers, and younger children. This limitation to adult patients is not a suitable approach to the problem. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Therefore, based on the prior art, the following objective is proposed: to provide an apparatus and method for dispensing tidal volumes with varying amounts for anesthesia systems. In particular, the apparatus and method should reliably dispense small tidal volumes through the anesthesia system.

[0010] This task is solved by the features according to the invention.

[0011] This task is solved by components of an aerodynamic system with the following characteristics: An assembly of a pneumatic system component for an anesthesia system, the assembly being used to provide a patient with respiratory gas, along with supply and exhaust respiratory gas, the assembly having the following components: • Control unit; Radial fans serve as a source for providing breathing gas volume; • An internal circulation system, wherein the internal circulation system has: ° Carbon dioxide absorber; ° Respiratory system connecting element (internal Y-type component); ° Intake path with intake check valve; ° Expiratory path with expiratory check valve; • Purge valve assembly; • Patient connection element (Y-type component); • APL valve assembly; • Breathing bag; • A mixing unit for supplying fresh gas to the internal circulation system; • First flow sensor; The first flow sensor is configured to acquire and provide a measurement signal to the control unit, the measurement signal indicating the flow rate in the internal circulation system. The control unit is configured to determine the current tidal volume based on a measurement signal indicating the flow rate in the internal circulation system. The control unit is configured to cause a change in the state of the purge valve assembly based on the determined current tidal volume.

[0012] This task is further solved by a method for operating a pneumatic system that has the following characteristics: Method for operating an anesthesia or respiratory device with a pneumatic system according to the present invention Among them, in the step sequence a. Acquire measurement signals, including acquiring measurement signals from the first pressure sensor and the first flow sensor; b. Perform measurement signal evaluation to determine the operational status of the anesthesia system based on the measurement signals; c. Adapt the operation of the anesthesia system by controlling the purge valve assembly based on the identified operating status. Furthermore, it is determined whether the following operating state exists, in which a certain amount or a certain quantity of the patient's exhaled gas containing carbon dioxide and lacking oxygen flows back to the patient.

[0013] Methods for operating pneumatic systems can also be constructed as computer programs, parts of computer programs, computer program products, or parts of computer program products having the following characteristics: A computer program having program code for executing the method according to the invention when the program code is implemented on a computer, processor, or programmable hardware component.

[0014] The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0015] The implementation method creates the possibility of using pneumatic systems as part of anesthesia systems.

[0016] The implementation method further creates design possibilities for a method of operating a pneumatic system as part of an anesthesia system.

[0017] Further features and details of the invention, as well as advantageous designs, are derived from the dependent claims, the description, and the drawings.

[0018] The features and details described herein in relation to the pneumatic system according to the invention are also applicable to the method or computer program according to the invention, and vice versa, so that references can always be made to each other in terms of the disclosure of various aspects of the invention. References used herein indicate a further construction of the subject matter of the main claim by the features of the corresponding dependent claim, and should not be construed as a waiver of obtaining independent subject matter protection for the combination of features of the referenced dependent claim. Furthermore, regarding the interpretation of the claims and the description, where features are specified in more detail in the dependent claims, it can be assumed that such limitation does not exist in the corresponding preceding claims and in the more general embodiments of the apparatus and method as the subject matter. Therefore, any reference in the description to aspects of dependent claims, even without specific indication, should be explicitly interpreted as a description of optional features. Finally, it should be noted that the pneumatic system presented herein can also be further modified according to the method claims, and vice versa, for example, by including components and / or devices defined and / or configured for carrying out one or more method steps, or by including steps that can be carried out by means of a pneumatic system or steps suitable for the operation of a pneumatic system. In this regard, the features and details described in relation to the proposed pneumatic system are of course also applicable to, and in view of, the methods implemented during the operation of the pneumatic system, and vice versa, so that reference can always be made to each other in relation to the disclosure of various aspects of the invention.

[0019] According to a first aspect of the present invention, embodiments are shown that illustrate components for use in anesthesia systems that become part of a pneumatic system. The component has at least the following constituent parts: -Control unit; -Radial ventilation fan; - An internal circulation system, wherein the internal circulation system has: • Carbon dioxide absorber; • Respiratory system connection element (internal Y-type component); • Intake path with intake check valve; • Expiratory pathway with expiratory check valve; -Purge valve assembly; -APL valve assembly; - Breathing bag; -First pressure sensor P1; - First flow sensor V1.

[0020] During the operation of the anesthesia system, the components used in the anesthesia system are replenished through an external circulation system, which has the following components: • Patient connection element (patient Y-type component); • Breathing tubing; • Exhalation breathing tube.

[0021] The external circulation system is used to pneumatically and fluidly connect the patient to the anesthesia system. For this purpose, the breathing tubing is connected to the device side and, on the patient side, to a patient connection element—mostly implemented as a cone—inspiratory and expiratory connectors. Elements for supplying gas to the patient, such as endotracheal tubes, nasal masks, or tracheostomies (air tube access channels), are connected to the patient connection element.

[0022] The first flow sensor V1 is configured to technically acquire and / or determine measurement signals indicating the amount of gas in the internal circulation system and the direction of gas flow. The first flow sensor V1 provides these measurement signals to the control unit.

[0023] The first pressure sensor P1 is configured to technically acquire and / or determine measurement signals indicating the pressure level in the internal circulation system. The first pressure sensor P1 provides these measurement signals to the control unit.

[0024] A breathing bag is a reservoir in an internal circulation system that receives the amount of breathing gas exhaled by the patient.

[0025] The purge valve assembly provides a controllable dispensing valve, including pneumatic and electrical connecting elements and connections required for operation, as well as signal or data lines. The control unit is configured to control the purge valve via the signal or data lines, specifically causing the dispensing valve to be open or closed.

[0026] The APL valve assembly provides a settable pressure limiting valve (APL valve) in the pneumatic system, including the pneumatic and electrical connecting elements and connections required for operation; APL stands for "settable pressure limiting". The pneumatic system utilizes a mixing unit to mix gases into a gas mixture suitable for and designed for administering anesthesia and can be delivered to the patient via the pneumatic system. In addition to oxygen, this gas mixture, referred to as "fresh gas" (FG), also consists of air and / or nitrous oxide, and typically at least one volatile anesthetic (halofane, desflurane, enflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane). A radial ventilation mechanism is constructed and configured to deliver the gas mixture to the patient. Delivery to the patient is carried out in the internal circulation system via an inspiratory path, in which an inspiratory check valve is arranged to prevent gas from flowing back from the patient into the inspiratory path. Backflow from the patient enters the breathing bag via the expiratory path and the respiratory system connecting element (internal Y-shaped element). An expiratory check valve is arranged in the expiratory path to prevent gas from flowing back to the patient. Gas supply to the patient is made via a patient connection element, where the inspiratory path converges and connects to the inspiratory breathing hose, and the expiratory path converges and connects to the expiratory breathing hose. During automatic breathing, a radial fan delivers the respiratory gas mixture as inhaled gas from the mixing unit and the breathing bag during the inspiratory phase. This inhaled gas travels through the inspiratory path, through the carbon dioxide absorber, through the inspiratory check valve, through the external circulation system with the breathing hose, and through the patient connection element (patient Y-piece) and airway access channels (breathing mask, endotracheal tube, tracheostomy) to the patient and enters the patient. During automatic breathing, during the expiratory phase, exhaled gas flows from the patient through the expiratory check valve and through the radial fan into the breathing bag.

[0027] During automatic breathing, the APL valve assembly switches in such a way that no significant amount of exhaled gas can flow from the pneumatic system to the anesthetic gas outlet.

[0028] The external circulation system is used to supply fresh breathing gas to the patient and to remove used breathing gas from the patient's system into the internal circulation system.

[0029] The control unit is constructed and configured for organizing, controlling, open-loop or closed-loop control of the operation and / or flow of a pneumatic system and / or anesthesia system. The control unit preferably consists of components (µC, µP, PC) along with an associated operating system (OS), data storage (RAM, ROM, EEPROM), and SW code, as well as software for flow control (control, open-loop control, closed-loop control). In at least some embodiments, other electronic components, such as components for signal acquisition (ADµC), components for signal amplification, components for analog and / or digital signal processing (PLD, ASIC, FPGA), components for analog and / or digital signal filtering (PLD, DSP, FPGA, GAL, µC, µP), and components for signal conversion (A / D converter), are assigned to or connected to the control unit.

[0030] The control unit controls the operation of the pneumatic system in the anesthesia system for administering anesthesia or inhalation anesthesia, wherein mechanical ventilation is provided along with the dosage of anesthetic gas. The control unit considers the measurement signal from the first pressure sensor P1 to control the pressure levels during the inspiratory and expiratory phases. Based on the measurement signal from the first pressure sensor P1, and partly based on the measurement signal from the first flow sensor V1, the control unit can determine the respiratory phase as the inspiratory and expiratory phases progress, even when the patient is breathing spontaneously. The control unit can control, i.e., set, open-loop control, or closed-loop control, the amount of respiratory gas supplied to the patient and thus the amount of anesthetic gas supplied during inhalation (P1) via variations in the rotational speed of the radial fan, taking into account the measurement signals from the first flow sensor V1 and the first pressure sensor P1. insp The pressure levels present during inhalation and exhalation (PEEP), as well as the process and mode of breathing, are measured. During operation of the pneumatic system, the control unit continuously acquires measurement signals from the first pressure sensor P1 and the first flow sensor V1, along with subsequent evaluation of these signals; during the inhalation phase, the current tidal volume V of the inhalation is calculated based on the measurement signal from the first flow sensor V1. T And compare it with the lower threshold V T_Limit_1 or upper threshold V T_Limit_2 A comparison is made. The control unit is configured based on the current moisture volume V. T With threshold V T_Limit_1 V T_Limit_2 The purge valve assembly is controlled by comparison, i.e., set, open-loop control or closed-loop control, especially for switching the purge valve assembly between closed and open states.

[0031] At the current moisture volume V T Below the lower threshold V T_Limit_1In this case, the purge valve assembly is in the open position. The resulting operating state is that exhaled gas can flow from the internal circulation system through the purge valve assembly into the anesthetic gas delivery system and out of the pneumatic system.

[0032] If the current moisture volume V T Exceeding the upper limit threshold V T_Limit_2 Then the purge valve assembly is placed in the closed state. The resulting operating state is that no exhaled gas can flow from the internal circulation system through the purge valve assembly into the anesthetic gas extraction system and out of the pneumatic system.

[0033] Lower threshold V T_Limit_1 The range is chosen in such a way that it ensures during operation that the amount of exhaled gas from the patient does not flow back and forth as a floating volume between the breathing bag and the respiratory system connection element (internal Y-shaped component).

[0034] Upper threshold V T_Limit_2 The range is chosen in such a way that it can reliably prevent the amount of exhaled gas from the patient from flowing back and forth between the breathing bag and the breathing system connecting element (internal Y-shaped component) when the tidal volume applied to the patient and measured technically by means of the first flow sensor V1 is significantly higher than the volume of the internal circulation system and the carbon dioxide absorber, if possible, without the purge valve assembly being in the open state, and therefore there is also the possibility of flowing out into the anesthetic gas exhaust system.

[0035] In a favorable design, the lower threshold V T_Limit_1 It can correspond to twice the floating volume between the breathing bag and the breathing system connecting element (internal Y-shaped part).

[0036] As an example, we can give a threshold V. T_Limit_1 The range is less than 500ml.

[0037] As an example, we can give an example for the upper threshold V. T_Limit_2 The volume ranges from approximately 750ml to 1000ml.

[0038] In a favorable dimensional design, the upper threshold V T_Limit_2 This can correspond to the lower threshold V T_Limit_1 2 times the value.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment of an anesthesia system with a pneumatic system, a first pressure sensor P1 may be arranged to acquire the pressure level present in the circulatory system. The first pressure sensor P1 is configured to acquire and provide a measurement signal indicating the pressure level present in the internal circulation system to the control unit.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment of an anesthesia system with a pneumatic system, an additional pressure sensor P2 may be arranged to acquire pressure levels within the pneumatic system. The additional pressure sensor P2 is configured to acquire and / or determine measurement signals indicating pressure levels at the purge valve assembly. The additional pressure sensor P2 is configured to provide these measurement signals to a control unit. The control unit is configured to incorporate measurement signals indicating pressure levels present in the internal circulation system when a change in the state of the purge valve assembly occurs.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment of an anesthesia system with a pneumatic system, an additional flow sensor V2 may be arranged to collect the volume of exhaled respiratory gases, serving as an expiratory flow sensor in the expiratory pathway. The additional flow sensor V2 is configured to acquire and / or determine measurement signals indicating the volume of gases exhaled by the patient in the expiratory pathway. The additional flow sensor V2 provides these measurement signals to a control unit. The control unit is configured to incorporate measurement signals indicating the flow rate to or from the patient when a change in the state of the purge valve assembly occurs.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment of an anesthesia system with a pneumatic system, an oxygen sensor may be arranged to collect the oxygen concentration of the respiratory gases in the internal circulation system and / or the inspiratory or expiratory pathways. The control unit is configured to incorporate a measurement signal indicating the oxygen concentration when a change in the state of the purge valve assembly occurs. If the oxygen concentration rapidly or suddenly rises to almost 100% of its maximum value, it can be assumed that an O2 purge is in progress. Therefore, the purge valve assembly can be simultaneously activated to the open state via the control unit to accelerate gas exchange with the patient.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment of an anesthesia system with a pneumatic system, the control unit is configured to, in a. The purge valve assembly, b. The APL valve assembly, c. The radial ventilator. d. Mixing unit for fresh gas The operation control, along with the circumstances caused by state changes. Consider together e. The first pressure sensor P1, f. and / or the first flow sensor, g. and / or the additional pressure sensor P2, h. and / or the additional flow sensor V2, i. and / or the oxygen sensor The measurement signal.

[0044] This yields the following advantages: the control unit is able to take into account the current system behavior and / or current system state of the anesthesia system within the overall control concept, adapting the state of the purge valve assembly to the current situation in operation, which is caused by changes in operating and environmental conditions, changes in settings of the anesthesia system by the user, user interaction with the patient, patient activity, or alarm situations during anesthesia or respiratory operation.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment of an anesthesia system with a pneumatic system, the control unit is configured to activate the purge valve assembly to the open state simultaneously with the activation of another valve, particularly the O2 purge valve. In this way, the opening of the purge valve assembly can be achieved simultaneously with the activation of the so-called O2 purge valve. This O2 purge valve is activated by the user, for example by means of a button or switch element, and is used to rapidly supply or charge the pneumatic system with a high concentration of oxygen (O2). The O2 purge valve is typically arranged in the pneumatic system such that a gas flow rate of 30 to 50 liters per minute (100% oxygen) – often bypassing the mixture preparation section and / or the anesthetic dosing section – is directly directed to the patient via the pneumatic system. This supply / charge of the pneumatic system with a high concentration of oxygen can be supported by simultaneously opening the purge valve assembly. This advantageously shortens the time until a high concentration of oxygen is reached in the pneumatic system after the activation of the O2 purge valve. In one preferred embodiment, the control unit may be configured to acquire or read back the state of a button element or switch element, or the state of an O2 scavenging valve, for example, using switch contact. Based on this, the control unit can then trigger the opening of the purge valve assembly.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment of an anesthesia system with a pneumatic system, the purge valve assembly can be configured to have an additional function as a pressure relief valve. This pressure relief valve function can be designed as an electromechanical valve controllable by a control unit. In this electromechanical pressure relief valve design, the control unit can open the valve based on measurement signals from a first pressure sensor P1 and / or the additional pressure sensor P2 to induce pressure relief in the anesthetic gas exhaust system when the pressure exceeds a predetermined pressure level. The control unit executes the measurement signal from the additional pressure sensor P2 and a lower threshold P... Limit_2 The comparison is performed so that the current measurement signal of the additional pressure sensor P2 exceeds the lower threshold P. Limit_2At this time, the purge valve assembly initiates and controls the opening state for depressurization into the anesthetic gas exhaust system. In an alternative design, the function of the pressure relief valve can be designed as a mechanical valve that can be set to a variable or fixed pressure level by a spring load.

[0047] According to another aspect of the invention, a method for operating an anesthesia system according to the invention is described below. This method enables reliable operation of the anesthesia system even with small tidal volumes.

[0048] A control unit—or another instance configured to implement the method steps—implements a method having the following sequence of steps in the operation of an anesthesia system with a pneumatic system to determine the operational status: a. Acquire measurement signals, including acquiring measurement signals from the first pressure sensor P1 and the first flow sensor V1; b. Perform measurement signal evaluation to determine the operational status of the anesthesia system based on the measurement signals; c. Adapt the operation of the anesthesia system according to the identified operational status. The pneumatic system includes at least the following components: Radial ventilator, carbon dioxide absorber, gas supply unit to the patient, purge valve assembly.

[0049] When determining the operating status, determine whether the following operating status exists, in which a certain amount of exhaled gas containing carbon dioxide and lacking oxygen is returned to the patient.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, the method for operating an anesthesia system is configured with method steps designed in the following manner: a. Acquiring measurement signals -Acquire the measurement signal from the first pressure sensor P1. - Collect the measurement signal from the first flow sensor V1. b. Evaluate measurement signals to determine operating status. - Based on the measurement signals from the first pressure sensor and the first flow sensor, determine the operating state: whether an operating state exists in which a certain amount of exhaled gas, or a certain amount of exhaled gas containing carbon dioxide and lacking oxygen, flows back to the patient, thus producing a situation with pendelatmung (sometimes also called swaying breathing). The measurement signal evaluation is performed such that during the inspiration phase, the current tidal volume V of the inspiration is calculated based on the measurement signal from the first flow sensor V1. T and the current moisture volume V T With lower threshold V TLimitEspecially with the lower threshold V TLimit_1 A comparison is made. Based on the measurement signal from the first pressure sensor P1, the measurement signal evaluation provides a respiratory process with inspiratory and expiratory phases.

[0051] c. Adaptation and Operation -At the current moisture volume V T Below the threshold VT Limit_1 Especially the lower threshold VT Limit_1 In this case, the purge valve assembly is activated to the open state. This results in the pneumatic system operating as an open anesthesia system with an open circuit, supplying a volume of fresh gas and expelling a volume of exhaled respiratory gas. This operation as an open anesthesia system reliably prevents the patient from inhaling any portion of their exhaled gas containing carbon dioxide. During operation as an open anesthesia system, floating breathing is not required for the patient.

[0052] These methods and steps, when integrated into the operation of the anesthesia system, can automatically enable reliable breathing for the patient even with small tidal volumes.

[0053] These methods and steps, when integrated into the operation of the anesthesia system, enable patients to breathe not only during the operation of a closed anesthesia system, but also during the operation of an open anesthesia system.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment of the method, the activation of the purge valve assembly to the open state, for example also depending on the currently used respiratory parameters, is not performed in every respiratory phase, but only temporarily or proportionally, so that the purge valve assembly or purge valve SV is activated, for example, especially only every two or three respiratory phases, for opening. This implementation provides the advantage that a state of continuous switching between a closed and open anesthesia system can be avoided. In particular, if the current tidal volume V T With lower threshold VT Limit_1 Only minor differences exist, and this state can, in particular, not be exceeded. Here, in the sense of the invention, a breathing phase can be understood not only as an inhalation phase but also as an exhalation phase. An inhalation phase followed by an exhalation phase should also be understood as a breathing phase. Furthermore, an exhalation phase followed by an inhalation phase should also be understood under the term "breathing phase".

[0055] In a preferred embodiment of the method, the transition from a closed to an open anesthesia system can be achieved by activating the purge valve assembly, via a first transition region with a specific volume range of tidal volume. In another preferred embodiment, the transition from an open to a closed anesthesia system can be achieved by deactivating the purge valve, via a second transition region with a specific volume range of tidal volume. The transition from a closed to an open anesthesia system in the first transition region can be stepless, smooth, or graded in multiple stages. The tidal volume ranges of the first and second transition regions can be configured to be different from each other.

[0056] The tidal volume ranges of the first and second transition regions can be configured to be the same as each other. A situation arises in the operation of the anesthesia system in the transition region between a "closed anesthesia system" and an "open anesthesia system," which may be referred to as a "partially open anesthesia system." In a "closed anesthesia system," the purge valve SV of the purge valve assembly is permanently closed during the expiratory phase. In an "open anesthesia system," the purge valve SV of the purge valve assembly is permanently open during the expiratory phase. In a "partially open" or "partially closed" anesthesia system, the purge valve SV of the purge valve assembly is neither permanently open nor permanently closed during the expiratory phase; rather, the purge valve SV is open only for a portion of the expiratory time.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment of the method, the switching between a closed and open anesthesia system can be controlled based on information about the expiratory volume. For example, this can be technically achieved by having corresponding information about the expiratory volume available to the control unit, or by providing a corresponding measurement signal from an expiratory flow sensor V2 located in or at the anesthesia system for use by the control unit.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment of the method, the switching between a closed and open anesthesia system can be controlled based on information about the oxygen concentration in the respiratory gas. This can be achieved, for example, by having corresponding information about the oxygen concentration in the respiratory gas available to the control unit, or by providing corresponding measurement signals from oxygen sensors located within or at the anesthesia system.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment of the method, the transition or switching between a closed and open anesthesia system can be triggered in combination with the activation of the open state of the purge valve assembly and the activation of the O2 scavenging state. Activation of the O2 scavenging state is mostly performed by manual input from the user. Inflowing oxygen is guided through the pneumatic system and can escape into the anesthetic gas delivery system (AGS) via the open purge valve SV or purge valve assembly. Therefore, the pneumatic system can be purged with oxygen more efficiently. For example, the manual input for activating the O2 scavenging state can be configured as the manipulation of an operating element (switch, button, touchscreen, GUI). In an exemplary design variant, the same input element can be used simultaneously to activate both the O2 scavenging state and the open state of the purge valve assembly to operate as an open anesthesia system.

[0060] In another exemplary design variation, the activation of the O2 scavenging state can be determined using an oxygen sensor. Therefore, the purge valve assembly can be activated simultaneously with the activation of the O2 scavenging state.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment of the method, switching between a closed and an open anesthesia system can be performed by manually activating and / or deactivating the open state of the purge valve assembly. For example, the manual input for activating and deactivating the open state of the purge valve assembly can be configured as user manipulation of operating elements (switches, buttons, touch displays, GUIs).

[0062] Another embodiment of the method for operating an anesthesia system is a computer program, a portion of a computer program, a computer program product, or a portion thereof, having program code for performing one of the methods described herein when the program code is implemented on a computer, processor, or programmable hardware component. Attached Figure Description

[0063] Without limiting the general concept of the invention, the invention will now be explained in more detail with the aid of the following drawings and related descriptions. Herein: - Figures 1 to 6 The different components of the pneumatic system are shown; - Figure 7 and Figure 8 Two diagrams are shown illustrating the operational status of the anesthesia system; - Figure 9 A schematic procedure for operating an anesthesia system is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0064] exist Figures 1 to 5Different designs of components 101, 102, 103, 104, and 105 suitable for pneumatic systems in anesthesia equipment are shown. Figures 1 to 5 The same element in Figures 1 to 5 The winning bidders have the same attached drawing number.

[0065] Figure 6 Component 106 is shown. Component 106 serves as... Figure 1 The variant 101' of component 101 is supplemented by a drawing. The same components are in... Figure 1 and Figure 6 The winning bid has Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 The same figure numbers as in the text. Figure 1 Unlike other components, in addition to the gas guiding connection, control lines and data lines 300 and 400 are also shown and drawn together in component 106. (The last sentence appears to be incomplete and possibly refers to a different component.) Figure 1 or Figure 6 The basic functions of components 101, 101', 102, 103, 104, 105, and 106 are explained exemplarily for components 101, 106, or 101'; these explanations can also be applied to Figure 2 Components 102, 103, 104, and 105 are described in sections 3, 4, and 5. Then, the differences in their respective characteristics are explained in detail in the corresponding accompanying drawings for components 101, 101', 102, 103, 104, 105, and 106.

[0066] Figure 1 and Figure 6 Components 101, 101', 106, comprising the pneumatic system of an anesthesia system, are shown. These components include a radial fan 50 as a respiratory gas actuator, a carbon dioxide absorber 40, an inspiratory path 31, and an expiratory path 33. The inspiratory and expiratory paths 31 and 33 are configured to supply a respiratory gas mixture consisting of an anesthetic gas and oxygen-rich respiratory gas to the patient 30 via a patient connection element (Y-type element) 35. Flow arrows 999 indicate the direction of gas flow within components 101, 101'. Figure 6 Carbon dioxide absorber 40 is arranged in the intake path 31 in these components 101, 101'. Fresh gas (FG) is supplied from mixing unit 41 to pneumatic system supply 42 in component 101 at the output of radial fan 50 at fresh gas feed position 43.

[0067] The patient connection element (Y-type) 35, the respiratory system connection element (internal Y-type) 38, the inspiratory check valve 37, the expiratory check valve 39, the carbon dioxide absorber 40, the inspiratory path 31, and the expiratory path 33 together constitute the internal circulation system 34. The respiratory gas volume is redirected in the flow direction and guided through the check valves 37 and 39 into the external circulation system 54. This allows for gas exchange between the respiratory gas volume and the patient 30 via the inspiratory breathing hose 317 and the expiratory breathing hose 337 via the patient connection element (Y-type) 35 and the inlet channel 36 leading to the gas supply unit (endotracheal tube, nasal mask, tracheostomy). Furthermore, a certain amount of respiratory gas is guided back from the patient 30 into the internal circulation system 34 via the inlet channel 36 and the connection element (Y-type) 35. With the aid of the carbon dioxide absorber 40, a certain amount of carbon dioxide exhaled by the patient 30 is continuously removed from the respiratory gas volume flowing in the circulation stream. A volume of fresh respiratory gas is supplied to the internal circulation system 34 via the respiratory system connection element 38. Essentially, the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled by the patient 30 must be replaced by oxygen in order to provide the patient 30 with a minimum proportion of oxygen at a volume concentration greater than 21%.

[0068] A purge valve assembly 49, having a controllable (open-loop or closed-loop control) purge valve SV 49, is arranged in a purge gas branch 490, which is guided via an expiratory branch 491 at an expiratory check valve 39 to a branch 492 of an anesthetic gas extraction system (AGSS) 44 and an APL valve assembly 47 with an APL valve 47. Thus, the amount of exhaled gas can also flow through the purge gas branch 490 to the anesthetic gas extraction system (AGSS) 44 for anesthetic gas removal 45 and be removed when the purge valve SV 49 is open. With the APL valve 47 additionally open, the amount of exhaled gas can then reach the breathing bag 48 or the inlet 493 of the radial ventilator 50 via the purge gas branch 490, and thus—in combination with the amount of newly added oxygen (O2), air, and anesthetic gas (nitrous oxide (N2O), and volatile anesthetic gases, such as halothane, desflurane, isoflurane, sevoflurane) supplied as fresh gas by the mixing unit 41—be further used for the patient 30’s breathing and anesthesia.

[0069] Figure 6 Component 101' is based on component 101 and is supplemented by some additional constituent parts 300, 400, 411, 412, 413, 128, 129, 130, 451 to form component 106. Figure 6The diagram schematically illustrates, in detail, that oxygen (O2) 412, air 411, nitrous oxide 413, and anesthetic gas 413 are supplied as fresh gas (FG) via mixing unit 41 in components 106, 101'. Furthermore, in Figure 6 In order to be attached to Figure 1 To clarify, control unit 200, data lines, signal lines 300, and control lines 400 are also shown. For clarity, in... Figures 1 to 5 These diagrams, including the control unit 200, data lines, signal lines 300, and control lines 400, are not shown together in the text, but... Figures 1 to 5 Of course, it also contains control units, data lines, signal lines, and control lines. In this respect, Figure 6 Also should be for Figures 1 to 5 This section discusses the extension of technology in this area. Specifically, it addresses the components 200, 300, and 400. Figure 6 The description, in a principled sense, is also intended to target Figures 1 to 5 Read together with mutual understanding. Furthermore, in Figure 6 An anesthetic gas outlet valve 130 is shown in series with APL valve 47. This anesthetic gas outlet valve can be configured as a passive, such as spring-loaded and / or weight-loaded valve 130, or it can be configured as a controllable valve 130, i.e., open-loop or closed-loop controlled valve 130. A negative pressure source 451 for anesthetic gas purging 45 is schematically shown as part of external device 450 or hospital infrastructure 450. Furthermore, Figure 6 Filter elements 128 and 129 are shown, which can be optionally arranged at the respiratory system connection element 38 or in the purge gas branch 490 to protect the pneumatic system 55, particularly as protection against contamination by dirt or pathogenic microorganisms (such as bacteria or viruses). Furthermore, Figure 6 An additional flow sensor V2 127 is also shown, which is arranged in the expiratory branch, preferably close to the patient. This additional flow sensor V2 127 can balance the amount of exhaled air by the patient 30 and can be used in conjunction with the inspiratory flow sensor for balancing, for example, to identify situations with leaks or leaks.

[0070] also, Figure 6An oxygen sensor 424 is shown, which is arranged in series with a first flow sensor V1 123 at the output of the radial ventilator 50. An expiratory flow sensor V2 can be arranged in either the internal or external circulation system. The oxygen sensor 424 can be used to control the purge valve assembly 49 based on oxygen concentration. For example, when the collected oxygen concentration suddenly increases to almost 100%, an O2 purge situation can be inferred, and the purge valve assembly 49 can then be activated to the open state to accelerate gas exchange in the pneumatic systems 101, 101', 106 and thus also accelerate gas exchange at the patient 30.

[0071] Control unit 200 is configured and set to organize, control, open-loop control, or closed-loop control of the operation and / or processes of pneumatic systems 101, 101', 106. During operation of the pneumatic systems, control unit 200 continuously acquires measurement signals from the first pressure sensor P1 121 and the first flow sensor V1 123, along with subsequent measurement signal evaluation, whereby, during the intake phase, the current intake tidal volume V is calculated based on the measurement signal from the first flow sensor V1. T and with the lower threshold V T_Limit_1 563 ( Figure 9 or upper threshold V T_Limit_2 563 ( Figure 9 The control unit is configured to compare the current moisture volume V. T With threshold V T_Limit_1 563 ( Figure 9 V T_Limit_2 563 ( Figure 9 The purge valve assembly 49 is controlled by comparison, i.e., set, open-loop control or closed-loop control, especially configured for use in the closed state 552 ( Figure 9 ) and open state 542 ( Figure 9 The purge valve assembly 49 can be switched between the two. The purge valve assembly 49 can be designed as a proportional valve or a two-way valve.

[0072] If the current moisture volume V T Below the threshold V T_Limit_1 V T_Limit_2 One of 563( Figure 9 If the purge valve assembly 49 is in the open state 542, then the purge valve assembly 49 will be placed in the open state. Figure 9 A certain operating state is obtained, in which the amount of exhaled gas from the internal circulation system 34 can flow out from the pneumatic systems 101, 101', 106 through the purge valve assembly 49 and enter the anesthetic gas export system 44, 45.

[0073] If the current moisture volume V T Exceeding threshold V T_Limit_1 V T_Limit_2 One of 563( Figure 9 If the purge valve assembly 49 is closed, then 552 will be placed in the closed state. Figure 9 A certain operating state is obtained, namely, no exhaled gas can flow from the internal circulation system 34 through the purge valve assembly 49 from the pneumatic systems 101, 101', 106 into the anesthetic gas export systems 44, 45.

[0074] Lower threshold V T_Limit_1 563 ( Figure 9 The range is chosen such that during operation, the amount of exhaled gas by the patient 30 does not flow back and forth as a floating volume between the respiratory system connection element (internal Y-shaped element) 38 and the fresh gas inlet 42, 43 or the breathing bag 48 in the internal circulation system 34.

[0075] Figure 2 The alternatives are shown Figure 1 The design includes a component 102 in which a carbon dioxide absorber 40 is arranged in the exhalation path 33. Flow arrow 999 indicates the direction of gas flow in component 102. Fresh gas (FG) is supplied from the mixing unit 41 to the pneumatic system supply 42 in component 102 at the fresh gas feed position 493 at the inlet 43 of the radial fan 50. Additionally, in this... Figure 2 An additional pressure sensor P2 125 is arranged at point 490 in the purge gas path. The pressure levels of pressure sensors P1 121 and P2 125 are balanced, if possible, along with a threshold P. Limit The comparison allows for the use of the purge valve SV 49 as a pressure relief valve during operation, in addition to its additional functions.

[0076] Figure 3 The alternatives are shown Figure 1 The design includes a component 103 in which a carbon dioxide absorber 40 is arranged in the intake path 31. Flow arrow 999 indicates the direction of gas flow in component 103. Fresh gas (FG) is supplied from mixing unit 41 to supply 42 in the pneumatic system at the fresh gas feed position 43' at the output of radial fan 50 in component 103.

[0077] Figure 4 The alternatives are shown Figure 3 The design includes a component 104 in which a carbon dioxide absorber 40 is arranged in the intake path 31. Flow arrow 999 indicates the direction of gas flow in component 104.

[0078] Figure 5 The alternatives are shown Figure 2The design includes a component 105 in which a carbon dioxide absorber 40 is arranged in the exhalation path 33. Flow arrow 999 indicates the direction of gas flow in component 105.

[0079] also, Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 An additional pressure sensor P2 125 is also shown, which can be located at the expiratory path 31 or alternatively at the patient connection element (Y-type) 35. Using such an additional pressure sensor P2 125, the purge valve assembly 49 can be configured to have the additional function of a pressure relief valve. Therefore, the control unit 200 can cause the purge valve SV 49 to open for use at a pressure level P higher than a predetermined pressure level. Limit In this case, the pressure in the pneumatic system 55 is released to the anesthetic gas delivery system 44. The measurement signal of the additional pressure sensor P2125 is related to the threshold P. Limit The comparison can achieve the following: when a threshold is exceeded, the opening state at the purge valve assembly 49 is triggered and controlled, while the depressurization to the anesthetic gas exhaust system 44 is triggered and controlled.

[0080] Figure 7 and Figure 8 The design scheme based on component 103 is schematically shown in online figures 107 and 108. Figure 3 The time path 121, plotted on the x-axis 110, shows the breathing pressure 121, flow rate 123, rotational speed level 122 of the radial fan 50, and the state 124 of the purge valve assembly 49, along with the signal path plotted on the y-axis 120. The time path 110 for breathing pressure 121 shows the inspiratory pressure level 350 and the positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) level 360. The time path 110 schematically shows the rotational speed level 122 of the radial fan 50 associated with the corresponding breathing pressures 121, 350, and 360. The time path 110 also shows a schematic path for tidal volume, represented by tidal volume V. T The settings or changes in settings are obtained.

[0081] Figure 7 The following variation is shown in online Figure 107, in which the user performs two actions, in which the set value of moisture volume is reduced in two stages.

[0082] Figure 8 The following variation is shown in online Figure 108, in which the user performs an action, wherein the moisture volume VT The set value increases incrementally.

[0083] Below is Figure 7 and Figure 8 Together, we will provide a more detailed description and explanation.

[0084] In time progression 110, inhalation phases I1 to I4 alternate with exhalation phases E1 to E4. Figures 311 to 314 are assigned to inhalation phases I1 to I4, and figures 321 to 324 are assigned to exhalation phases E1 to E4. Figure 7 and Figure 8 In the diagram, the same components are labeled with the same drawing number.

[0085] exist Figure 7 Events 331 and 332 occur during the timeline, in which the user respectively adjusts the breathing setting (V). T ) to make changes. Figure 7 Events 331 and 332 in the text refer to changes in the tidal volume V to be administered to the patient at the first point in time. T ( Figures 1 to 6 The first decrease of 341 and the moisture volume V at the second time point T The second reduction is 342. As shown in the figure... Figure 7 The moisture volume V T The two-stage reduction 341, 342, transitions from the closed anesthesia system state S1 370 through the transition zone of the partially open anesthesia system state S2 380 (where the purge valve SV 49 is temporarily open) to the open anesthesia system state S3 390. Figure 3 ).

[0086] exist Figure 8 Event 333 occurs during the timeline, and in response to this event, the user changes the breathing settings. Figure 8 Event 333 at a specific point in time is exemplarily—and as a reference for Figure 7 A variation of this is the moisture volume V. T A single-stage increase of 343 at a given time point represents a change. This is accompanied by an increase in moisture volume V. T The single-level increase is 343, in this Figure 8 A direct switch occurred from the state S3 390 of the open anesthesia system to the state S1 370 of the closed anesthesia system.

[0087] Figure 9 The flowchart 109 shows the following: Figures 1 to 6 A schematic procedure for operating an anesthesia system, wherein automatic switching occurs between operation as an open system and operation as a closed system.

[0088] After starting at 501, information is collected at 502, and the information indication components 101, 101', 102, 103, 104, 105, 106 ( Figures 1 to 6 ) pneumatic system 55 ( Figures 1 to 8 The pressures 121 and 561 and the flow rates 123 and 562 in the sensor. For example, the acquisition 502 can be designed, for example, to acquire the measured values ​​along with the first pressure sensor P1 121 ( Figure 1-9 )561 and the first flow sensor V1 123 ( Figure 1-9 Signal processing of the measured values ​​of 562. Figures 1 to 8 and Figure 9 The same components in Figures 1 to 9 The corresponding landmarks in the map have the same map number.

[0089] In the subsequent evaluation 503, the current tidal volume V was determined by integrating information from the indicated flow rate 562. T The value of 565 is determined and then compared with a preset threshold value of 563, which indicates the lower limit VT of the moisture volume. Limit_1 Furthermore, the upper limit of the moisture volume VT is also indicated in the optional design scheme. Limit_2 Threshold VT Limit_1 VT Limit_2 A lag can also be established, which can then be used for subsequent case differentiation 504. Using a lag in case differentiation 504 is advantageous regarding the robustness of assessment 503 and case differentiation. In case differentiation 504, which immediately follows assessment 503, two fundamental cases 541 and 551 are differentiated: -In the first case 541, the current moisture volume V T 565 is less than the preset threshold of 563. - In the second case 551, the current moisture volume V T 565 is greater than the preset threshold of 563.

[0090] In the first case 541, i.e., when the tidal volume is small compared to the total volume of the internal and external circulation, the purge valve SV 49 of the purge valve assembly 49 opens. Therefore, the patient 30 ( Figures 1 to 6 Exhaled air can travel through exhalation pathways 337 and 31. Figures 1 to 6 ) Return to the internal circulation system 34 and enrich with additional oxygen and other gases 41 ( Figures 1 to 6 After being processed by the carbon dioxide absorber 40, it is resupplied to the patient and can be supplied via the purge gas branch 490. Figures 1 to 6 From the pneumatic system 55 ( Figures 1 to 6 )Extracted to the anesthetic gas extraction system (AGSS) ( Figures 1 to 6 )middle.

[0091] In the second scenario 551, the purge valve 49 of the purge valve assembly 49 does not open; the purge valve remains closed, thereby allowing the patient 30 ( Figures 1 to 6 Exhaled air can only pass through expiratory pathways 337 and 31. Figures 1 to 6 ) Returns to the internal circulation system 34 and is enriched with additional oxygen and other gases 41. Figures 1 to 6 After that, and after being processed by the carbon dioxide absorber 40, it is resupplied to the patient. When the purge valve SV 49 ( Figures 1 to 6 When closed, no gas is released from the patient's 30°C via the purge gas branch 490. Figures 1 to 6 ) Arrival at the anesthetic gas extraction system (AGSS) Figures 1 to 6 ).

[0092] For example, this hysteresis can be designed such that when the threshold 563 is below 541, the purge valve SV 49 is activated to open state 542 by the control unit 200. Figure 6 And when the threshold 563 on 551 is exceeded, the control unit 200 reactivates the closed state 552 for the purge valve SV 49. Figure 6 ).

[0093] After using the status control 542 and 552 of purge valve SV 49 to distinguish the situation 504, further implementation is carried out continuously according to... Figures 1 to 6 The operation of the anesthesia system is presented through the elements in flowchart 109 with the attached figures numbered 505, 506, 502, 503, 504, 541, 542, 551, and 552, along with the automatic switching between the open system 542 and the closed system 552, until the operation ends at 507.

[0094] According to this Figure 9 The illustrated process 109 also shows optional manual options for influencing states 542 and 552. Manual switching options are provided via a manual operating element Man-SV560, designed, for example, as a switch, button, touchscreen, or GUI, which directly transitions the purge valve SV 49 between the closed state 552 and the open state 542.

[0095] By utilizing an additional manually operated element O2-F. 570, a further switching option can be provided between the closed state 552 and the open state 542 of the purge valve SV 49. This element is provided in the anesthesia device for activating the so-called O2 scavenging valve 572. This additional element can also be designed, for example, as a manually operable element, such as a switch, button, touch display, or GUI. In this way, the switching between the closed and open anesthesia systems can be triggered in combination with the activation of the open state of the purge valve assembly and the activation of the O2 scavenging state. During the O2 scavenging state, the supplied oxygen volume 571 can flow directly to the patient 30 through the O2 scavenging valve 572. Figures 1 to 6 Therefore, the input terminal 571 of the O2 scavenging valve 572 is typically and preferably directly connected to the mixing unit 41. Figures 1 to 6 ) connection. The output terminal 573 of the O2 scavenging valve 572 is therefore connected to the pneumatic system 55 ( Figures 1 to 6 It is usually directly connected to the radial fan 50 ( Figures 1 to 6 ) input terminal 493 ( Figure 6 ) connection. In O2 scavenging mode, by opening 542 of the purge valve 49 in combination with the O2 scavenging valve 572, gas exchange can be accelerated and delivered to the patient 30 (with oxygen supply). Figures 1 to 6 (Oxygen supply).

[0096] With one or more previously detailed examples and appendices Figure 1The aspects and features described may also be combined with one or more additional examples to replace the same features of the additional examples or to additionally introduce features into the additional examples. Examples may also be or relate to computer programs having program code for performing one or more of the methods described above when the computer program is implemented on a computer or processor. The steps, operations, or processes of the various methods described above may be implemented by a programmed computer or processor. Examples may also cover program storage devices, such as digital data storage media, which are machine-, processor-, or computer-readable and encoded with a program of machine-, processor-, or computer-implementable instructions. These instructions perform some or all of the steps of the methods described above or cause the implementation of some or all of the steps of the methods described above. Program storage devices may include, for example, digital memory, magnetic storage media (e.g., disks and magnetic tapes), hard disk drives, or optically readable digital data storage media. Other examples may also cover a computer, processor, or control unit programmed to implement the steps of the methods described above, or a field-programmable logic array ((F)PLA = (Field) Programmable Logic Arrays, i.e., field-programmable logic arrays) or a field-programmable gate array ((F)PGA = (Field) Programmable Gate Arrays, i.e., field-programmable gate arrays) programmed to implement the steps of the methods described above. The principles of this disclosure are illustrated only by way of the specification and the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, all examples set forth herein are intended, in principle, to be explicitly illustrative only, to aid the reader in understanding the principles of this disclosure and the solutions contributed by the inventors(s) to the further development of the technology. All statements herein concerning the principles, aspects, and examples and specific examples thereof include their corresponding solutions. A functional block referred to as a “device for (implementing a specific function)…” can refer to a circuit configured to implement a specific function. Thus, a “device for something” can be implemented as a “device configured for or suitable for something,” such as a structural element or circuit configured for or suitable for a corresponding task. The functions of the various components shown in the diagram, including each functional block referred to as a "device," "device for providing signals," "device for generating signals," etc., can be implemented in the form of dedicated hardware, such as a "signal provider," "signal processing unit," "processor," or "control device," as well as hardware implemented to integrate with related software to implement the software. When provided by a processor, the functionality can be provided by a single dedicated processor, a single shared processor, or multiple separate processors, some or all of which can be used together.However, the terms "processor," "controller," or "control device" are not limited to hardware used only for implementing software, but may also include digital signal processor hardware (DSP hardware, DSP = Digital Signal Processor), network processors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), read-only memory (ROMs) for storing software, random access memory (RAMs), and non-volatile storage devices (memory). Other hardware, conventional and / or customer-specific hardware may also be included. For example, a block diagram may be a rough circuit diagram implementing the principles of this disclosure. Similarly, flowcharts, state transition diagrams, pseudocode, etc., may represent various processes, operations, or steps that are substantially embodied in a computer-readable medium and therefore implemented by a computer or processor, whether or not such a computer or processor is explicitly indicated. The methods disclosed in the specification or claims may be implemented by structural elements having devices for each step of the corresponding steps of implementing these methods. It is self-evident that the disclosure of multiple steps, processes, operations, or functions in the specification or claims should not be construed as being in a particular order, unless otherwise expressly or implied, for example, for technical reasons. Therefore, these are not limited to a particular order by the disclosure of multiple steps or functions unless these steps or functions are not interchangeable for technical reasons. Furthermore, in some examples, a single step, function, process, or operation may include multiple sub-steps, sub-functions, sub-processes, or sub-operations and / or be divided into multiple sub-steps, sub-functions, sub-processes, or sub-operations. Such sub-steps may be included and are part of the disclosure of that single step, unless expressly excluded. Moreover, the following claims are hereby incorporated into the detailed specification, where each claim may stand alone as a separate example. While each claim may stand alone as a separate example, it should be noted that although dependent claims in the claims may relate to a specific combination with one or more other claims, other examples may also include combinations of dependent claims with the subject matter of each of the other dependent claims or independent claims. Such combinations are expressly stated here unless it is stated that a particular combination is not intended to be used. Furthermore, the features of a claim should also be included with respect to any other independent claim, even if the claim is not directly subordinate to that independent claim.

[0097] List of reference numerals 30 patients 31 Inhalation Path 33. Expiratory Pathway 34 Internal circulation system 35. Patient connection element (Y-type component) 36. Enter the passage, endotracheal tube. 37. Intake check valve 38. Respiratory system connection element (internal Y-type component) 39. Exhalation check valve 40 Carbon Dioxide Absorber 41 Mixing unit for fresh gas 42. Fresh gas supply and provision 43,43' Fresh gas feed position 44. Anesthetic Gas Extraction System (AGSS) 45. Clearance of anesthetic gases 47 APL Valve Assembly 48 Breathing Bags 49. Purge valve, purge valve assembly 50 Radial ventilator (blower, fan) 54 External circulation system 55 Pneumatic System Design scheme for components 101, 101', and 106 Design schemes for components 102, 103, 104, and 105 Line charts 107 and 108 with time progression. 109 Flowchart, Process 110 X-axis, horizontal axis 120 Y-axis, vertical axis 121 First pressure sensor P1 122 Rotational speed ratings of radial fans 123 First Flow Sensor V1 124 Status of the purge valve assembly 125. Another pressure sensor, P2 127 Additional flow sensor V2 128, 129 Filter elements 130 Anesthetic gas outlet valve 200 control unit 300 data lines, signal lines 311-314 Inhalation phase I1-I4 317 Inhalation breathing tube 321-324 Exhalation phase E1-E4 331 First Event 332 The Second Event 333 The Third Event 337 Expiratory Breathing Circuit 341 The first decrease in moisture volume 342 The second decrease in moisture volume 343 Increase in moisture volume 350 inspiratory pressure level 360° expiratory pressure level 370 Situation S1, Closed anesthesia system 380 Situation S2, partially opened anesthesia system 390 Situation S3, Anesthesia system activated 400 control circuit 424 Oxygen Sensor 450 External equipment used for anesthetic gas clearance, part of hospital infrastructure 451 Negative pressure source, vacuum 490 Purge Gas Branch 491 Expiratory branch 492 branches, AGSS 493 Inlet of radial fan 501 Start (Flowchart) 502 Information Collection 503 Assessment (Flowchart) 504 Case Differentiation (Flowchart) Elements in flowcharts 505, 506, and 507 (Flowchart) 541. The first case of case differentiation (flowchart) 542. Opening state of the purge valve (flowchart) 551. The second case of case differentiation (flowchart) 552. Purge valve closing status (flowchart) 560 Manual operating element Man.-SV 561 Stress Information 562 Traffic Information 563 Threshold V TLimit 565 Current moisture volume V T 570 Manual operating element O2-F. 571 O2 scavenging valve input terminal 572 O2 scavenging valve 573 O2 scavenging valve output terminal 999 Flow arrows, flow direction

Claims

1. An assembly of a pneumatic system component for an anesthesia system, the assembly being used to provide a patient (30) with respiratory gas along with supply and exhaust respiratory gas, the assembly having the following components: • Control unit (200); • Radial fan (50), serving as a source for providing breathing gas volume; • Internal circulation system (34), the internal circulation system having: ° Carbon dioxide absorber (40); ° Respiratory system connection element (38); °Intake path (31) with intake check valve (37); ° An exhalation path (33) with an exhalation check valve (39); • Purge valve assembly (49); • Patient connection element (35); • APL valve assembly (47); • Breathing bag (48); • A mixing unit (41) for supplying fresh gas to the internal circulation system (34); • First flow sensor V1(123); in, The first flow sensor V1 (123) is configured to acquire and provide the following measurement signal to the control unit (200), the measurement signal indicating the flow rate in the internal circulation system (34); The control unit (200) is configured to determine the current tidal volume based on a measurement signal indicating the flow rate in the internal circulation system (34); The control unit (200) is configured to cause a change in the state of the purge valve assembly (49) based on the determined current tidal volume.

2. The component according to claim 1, in, A first pressure sensor P1 (121) is arranged in the internal circulation system (34), wherein the first pressure sensor is configured to acquire a measurement signal indicating the pressure level present in the internal circulation system (34); The first pressure sensor is configured to provide the measurement signal to the control unit (200). The control unit (200) is configured to incorporate a measurement signal indicating the pressure level present in the internal circulation system (34) when a change in the state of the purge valve assembly (49) is caused.

3. The component according to claim 2, in, An additional pressure sensor P2 (125) is arranged in the pneumatic system, wherein the additional pressure sensor P2 (125) is configured to acquire and provide a measurement signal to the control unit (200) indicating the pressure level present in the exhalation path (33). The control unit (200) is configured to incorporate a measurement signal indicating the pressure level present in the exhalation path (33) when a change in the state of the purge valve assembly (49) is caused.

4. The component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in, An additional flow sensor V2(127) is arranged in the pneumatic system; The additional flow sensor V2 (127) is configured to acquire and provide the following measurement signal to the control unit (200), the measurement signal indicating the amount of gas flowing from the patient (30); The control unit (200) is configured to incorporate a measurement signal indicating the flow rate to or from the patient (30) when a change in the state of the purge valve assembly (49) is caused.

5. The component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in, An oxygen sensor (424) is arranged in the pneumatic system; The oxygen sensor (424) is configured to acquire and provide measurement signals to the control unit (200) indicating the oxygen concentration in the pneumatic system (101') and / or the oxygen concentration in the internal circulation system (34) and / or the oxygen concentration of the amount of gas exhaled by the patient (30). The control unit (200) is configured to incorporate a measurement signal indicating the oxygen concentration when a change in the state of the purge valve assembly (49) is caused.

6. The component according to claim 3, in, An oxygen sensor (424) is arranged in the pneumatic system; The oxygen sensor (424) is configured to acquire and provide measurement signals to the control unit (200) indicating the oxygen concentration in the pneumatic system (101') and / or the oxygen concentration in the internal circulation system (34) and / or the oxygen concentration of the amount of gas exhaled by the patient (30). The control unit (200) is configured to incorporate a measurement signal indicating the oxygen concentration when a change in the state of the purge valve assembly (49) occurs. The control unit (200) is configured such that, exist • The purge valve assembly (49), • The APL valve assembly (47), • The radial ventilator (50), • Mixing unit for fresh gas (41) The operation control, along with the circumstances caused by state changes. Consider together The first pressure sensor P1(121), • and / or the first flow sensor V1(123), • and / or the additional pressure sensor P2 (125), • and / or the additional flow sensor V2 (127), • and / or the oxygen sensor (424) The measurement signal.

7. The component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in, The control unit (200) is configured to activate the purge valve assembly (49) into the open state (542) simultaneously with the activation of another valve.

8. The component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in, The purge valve assembly (49) is configured to have an additional function as a pressure relief valve.

9. The component according to claim 7, in, The other valve is the O2 scavenging valve (572).

Images