Slope vegetation landscape restoration multi-structure system and restoration method for open-pit mine

Abstract

The application discloses a strip mine slope vegetation landscape restoration multi-structure system and a restoration method, wherein the system comprises: a first planting structure arranged at a slope foot of the slope, which comprises, from bottom to top, a water storage and temperature adjustment layer, an arbor root growth layer, a leakage prevention layer and a soil layer, and the top of the arbor root growth layer is low on the outside and high on the inside; a retaining wall structure located on the outside of the first planting structure, which comprises, from bottom to top, a water blocking retaining wall and a surrounding retaining wall, and the top of the water blocking retaining wall is in the same horizontal position as the top of the water storage and temperature adjustment layer; and a green planting structure comprising arbor plants planted in the soil layer. The above structure can provide water, temperature, nutrients and the like required by the growth of the arbor, ensures the survival and growth of the arbor, and solves the problem that it is difficult to plant and survive high and large arbor during vegetation restoration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mine ecological restoration technology, and in particular to a structural system and method for restoring vegetation landscape on open-pit mine slopes. Background Technology

[0002] Open-pit mines, after extraction, destroy the original surface vegetation system, creating exposed rock slopes that impact the ecological environment. To restore this environment, vegetation restoration of open-pit mine slopes is necessary. The main problems in vegetation restoration of open-pit mine slopes include: limited space for root growth and insufficient provision of nutrients (such as water and soil) for vegetation growth. In particular, tall trees require more root space and nutrients / water, and open-pit mines are generally composed of bare rock with little or no soil and difficulty in water retention.

[0003] Currently, commonly used techniques for slope vegetation restoration include platform excavation for greening, slope borehole greening, fish-scale pit soil storage for greening, netting and hydroseeding, ecological bag greening, ecological grass carpet greening, floating platform greening, and vegetated concrete greening. While these techniques address some of the aforementioned issues, they involve high costs, demanding maintenance during construction, and often lack suitable substrate conditions for tall trees after slope restoration. Because they fail to create a suitable environment for tree growth, it is difficult to ensure the survival of tall trees during vegetation restoration. Furthermore, they do not fully utilize the geological conditions of different areas of the slope. The revegetated plants used in these techniques are typically of limited species and have small height differences, hindering the normal succession of the slope vegetation community in the later stages. Consequently, the resulting vegetation landscape cannot integrate with the surrounding vegetation landscape for a considerable period. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-structure system and method for the restoration of vegetation landscape on open-pit mine slopes, which can solve the problem of difficulty in ensuring the survival of tall trees during vegetation restoration.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, a multi-structure system for vegetation landscape restoration of open-pit mine slopes is provided, which is set on the slopes of open-pit mines. It includes: a first planting structure, set at the toe of the slope, including a water storage and temperature regulation layer, a tree root growth layer, a leak-proof layer and a soil layer arranged from bottom to top, wherein the top of the tree root growth layer is lower on the outside and higher on the inside; a retaining wall structure, located outside the first planting structure, including a water-blocking retaining wall and a protective retaining wall arranged from bottom to top, wherein the top of the water-blocking retaining wall is at the same height as the top of the water storage and temperature regulation layer; and a greening planting structure, including trees planted in the soil layer.

[0006] According to the aforementioned multi-structure system for vegetation landscape restoration of open-pit mine slopes, the water storage and temperature regulation layer and the tree root growth layer are both set as slag and stone layers; the leak-proof layer is set as straw curtain; the water-blocking retaining wall is a masonry retaining wall, and the retaining wall is a dry-laid stone retaining wall.

[0007] According to the aforementioned multi-structure system for vegetation landscape restoration of open-pit mine slopes, the leak-proof layer is fitted with wooden nails, and the length of the wooden nails extending into the root growth layer of the trees is 0.2-0.3m.

[0008] According to the aforementioned multi-structure system for vegetation landscape restoration of open-pit mine slopes, the top of the water storage and temperature regulation layer is of uniform height from the outside to the inside, and the soil layer is laid on the leak-proof layer of uniform thickness from the outside to the inside. The thickness of the water storage and temperature regulation layer is H1, the outer thickness of the tree root growth layer is 0, the inner thickness of the tree root growth layer is H2, the thickness of the soil layer is H3, the top of the retaining wall is of the same height as the outer top of the soil layer, and the lateral width of the water storage and temperature regulation layer is D, where 3m≤D≤8m; wherein, 0.3m≤H1≤0.5m; 0.9m≤H2≤2m; H3≥0.3m.

[0009] According to the aforementioned multi-structure system for vegetation landscape restoration of open-pit mine slopes, the greening planting structure also includes shrubs planted in the soil layer, grasses sown in the soil layer, and a creeping vegetation layer on the slope surface.

[0010] According to the aforementioned multi-structure system for vegetation landscape restoration of open-pit mine slopes, the slope has a horse trail above the first planting structure, and the multi-structure system for vegetation landscape restoration of open-pit mine slopes also includes a second planting structure located on the horse trail.

[0011] According to the aforementioned multi-structure system for vegetation landscape restoration of open-pit mine slopes, the second planting structure includes a retaining ridge located at the top of the horse trail, and a planting trough is formed between the retaining ridge and the inner wall of the horse trail, with a planting layer inside the planting trough; the greening planting structure includes green plants and creeping plants planted in the planting layer, with the creeping plants planted on both the inner and outer sides of the green plants.

[0012] The restoration method based on the multi-structure system for vegetation landscape restoration of open-pit mine slopes includes the following steps: S1. Survey of applicable site conditions; S2. Slope preparation: Remove rock hazards from the slope of the open-pit mine from top to bottom. During the process of removing hazards, the slag and boulders generated are piled up nearby to form a rock pile. S3. Slope planting: Plant creeping plants on the slope surface to form a creeping vegetation layer through at least one of the following methods: vine-induced mulching, netting and hydroseeding vegetation restoration, ecological bag vegetation restoration, ecological grass mat vegetation restoration, floating platform vegetation restoration, vegetation concrete vegetation restoration, borehole planting vegetation restoration, and soil seeding vegetation restoration. S4. Horse path planting: Using the boulders generated from the slope preparation in S2, mortar is used to build retaining walls on the horse path. Inside the retaining walls, from bottom to top, the slag and soil generated from the slope preparation in S2 are laid to form a planting layer. Green plants and creeping plants are planted on the planting layer, and the creeping plants are induced to grow towards the slope. S5. Slope planting: Construct the first planting structure and retaining wall structure, and plant trees, shrubs and grass in the soil layer; S6. Post-planting management: If the creeping vegetation on the slope is found to be growing below expectations, replanting should be done by sowing seeds; in the horse trail area, soil should be added and replanted according to the survival rate and soil loss; in the case of prolonged drought in the sapling area, water should be added to the water storage and temperature regulation layer and seedlings should be added to the surviving trees and shrubs.

[0013] According to the repair method described above, in S5, constructing the first planting structure and retaining wall structure includes: Determine the lateral width D of the water storage and temperature regulation layer; Construct a water-blocking retaining wall using mortar; The existing stones and slag generated from the slope preparation in S2 were used to fill the inner side of the water-blocking retaining wall and compacted and leveled to form a water storage and temperature regulation layer. The waste material in the site was piled on top of the water storage and temperature regulation layer in a manner with a lower outer layer and a higher inner layer, and then compacted and leveled to form a root growth layer for trees. The water storage and temperature regulation layer is filled with water; A drip irrigation system is installed on the slope above the root growth layer of trees; Lay 1-2 layers of straw mats above the tree root growth layer to form a leak-proof layer, and then insert wooden nails into the leak-proof layer, with the wooden nails extending 0.2-0.3m into the tree root growth layer; A retaining wall is built on the water-blocking retaining wall, and then soil is laid on the inside of the retaining wall on the leak-proof layer to form a soil layer.

[0014] According to the repair method described above, the drip-replenishing structure includes: The box has a first water inlet on the top side and a second water inlet on the bottom, and a buoyancy switch is provided inside the box at the first water inlet. A water collection box is installed on the top of the box and against the slope. A water pipe is connected to the side wall of the water collection box and the water pipe is connected to the first water inlet. A vertical mounting cylinder is installed inside the water collection box. The mounting shell is located at the bottom of the box and communicates with the second water inlet. Pipe joints are provided on both sides of the mounting shell, and each pipe joint is connected to a water supply pipe. A hollow cone rod is located at the bottom of the mounting housing and communicates with the inner cavity of the mounting housing. A spring, a sealing head, and a screw are arranged sequentially from bottom to top inside the cone rod. A water seepage hole is opened on the side wall of the cone rod outside the sealing head. The screw extends upward through the housing and the mounting cylinder. The screw is threadedly connected to the top of the housing, and the top of the screw has a lateral limiting head.

[0015] Beneficial effects: As described above, the first planting structure can create a near-natural inverted rock pile tree belt at the toe of the slope. The water storage and temperature regulation layer can store the water needed for plant growth during rainfall intervals and regulate the temperature of the inverted rock pile structure and soil layer. The tree root growth layer is used to prevent the trees from falling over and to stabilize their roots. The leak-proof layer prevents soil from leaking down to the tree root growth layer and causing soil erosion. The soil layer provides root space and nutrients for seedlings. The retaining wall allows water permeability and ensures that the soil is not eroded by rainwater and that the plants are not submerged for extended periods. In this way, the above structure can provide the water, temperature, and nutrients needed for tree growth, ensuring the survival and growth of the trees and solving the problem of the difficulty in planting and surviving tall trees during vegetation restoration.

[0016] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments; Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of a multi-structure system for vegetation landscape restoration of open-pit mine slopes; Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the first planting structure at the foot of the slope; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the second planting structure of the horse track; Figure 4 Plan view of a multi-structure system for vegetation landscape restoration of open-pit mine slopes; Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the drip irrigation structure; Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the repair method. Detailed Implementation

[0018] This section will describe in detail specific embodiments of the present invention. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. The purpose of the drawings is to supplement the textual description with graphics, so that people can intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and overall technical solution of the present invention, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] In the description of this invention, terms such as greater than, less than, and exceeding are understood to exclude the stated number, while terms such as above, below, and within are understood to include the stated number. The use of "first" and "second" in the description is merely for distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0020] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "set up," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0021] Reference Figure 1-5 This is a multi-structure system for vegetation landscape restoration of open-pit mine slopes, installed on the slopes of open-pit mines. The system includes a first planting structure 10, a retaining wall structure 20, and a greening planting structure. The first planting structure 10 is located at the toe of the slope and includes, from bottom to top, a water-storage and temperature-regulating layer 11, a tree root growth layer 12, a leak-proof layer 13, and a soil layer 14. The top of the tree root growth layer 12 is lower on the outside and higher on the inside. The retaining wall structure 20 is located outside the first planting structure 10 and includes, from bottom to top, a water-blocking retaining wall 21 and a protective retaining wall 22. The top of the water-blocking retaining wall 21 is at the same height as the top of the water-storage and temperature-regulating layer 11. The greening planting structure includes trees planted in the soil layer 14. For trees, in southern regions, species such as Erythrina, Koelreuteria paniculata, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, and Vernicia fordii are generally suitable, while in northern regions, Populus tomentosa and Birch are recommended.

[0022] As described above, the first planting structure 10 can create a near-natural inverted rock pile tree belt at the toe of the slope. The water storage and temperature regulation layer 11 can store the water needed for plant growth during rainfall intervals and regulate the temperature of the inverted rock pile structure and soil layer. The tree root growth layer 12 is used to prevent the trees from falling over and to stabilize their roots. The leak-proof layer 13 can prevent soil from leaking down into the tree root growth layer 12 and causing soil erosion. The soil layer 14 provides root space and nutrients for seedling plants. The retaining wall 22 allows water permeability and ensures that the soil is not eroded by rainwater and that the plants are not submerged for a long time. In this way, the above structure can provide the water, temperature, and nutrients needed for tree growth, ensuring the survival and growth of the trees and solving the problem of the difficulty in planting and surviving tall trees during vegetation restoration.

[0023] The water storage and temperature regulation layer 11 and the tree root growth layer 12 are both constructed as slag and stone layers, the leak-proof layer 13 is constructed as straw curtains, the water-blocking retaining wall 21 is a masonry retaining wall, and the retaining wall 22 is a dry-laid stone retaining wall. The slag and stone layer can be constructed from the slag and stone accumulated and generated at the construction site to reduce material transportation and lower costs; the straw curtains can effectively prevent soil from leaking into the tree root growth layer 12, and they can also naturally degrade and provide organic matter for plant growth; the masonry retaining wall can prevent water seepage to ensure the normal water storage of the water storage and temperature regulation layer 11, and the dry-laid stone retaining wall allows water to gradually seep out, preventing the plant roots from being submerged for a long time.

[0024] The waterproof layer 13 is also fitted with wooden nails, which extend 0.2-0.3m into the root growth layer 12 of the trees. These nails anchor the waterproof layer 13, preventing slippage after construction and ensuring the stability of the soil layer 14. After the soil layer 14 stabilizes, both the straw mat and the wooden nails will degrade to provide nutrients for plant growth.

[0025] The water storage and temperature regulation layer 11 has a uniform height from the outside to the inside, and the soil layer 14 is laid on the leak-proof layer 13 with a uniform thickness from the outside to the inside. The thickness of the water storage and temperature regulation layer 11 is H1. The outer thickness of the tree root growth layer 12 is 0, the inner thickness of the tree root growth layer 12 is H2, the thickness of the soil layer 14 is H3, the top of the retaining wall 22 is at the same height as the outer top of the soil layer 14, and the lateral width of the water storage and temperature regulation layer 11 is D, where 3m≤D≤8m; where 0.3m≤H1≤0.5m; 0.9m≤H2≤2m; and H3≥0.3m.

[0026] In this scheme, the greening planting structure also includes shrubs planted in soil layer 14, grasses sown in soil layer 14, and a creeping vegetation layer on the slope surface. This planting method can not only create a tree growth environment, but also form a vegetation community with varying heights, which is conducive to vegetation community succession and rapid integration into the surrounding vegetation landscape. It can also accelerate the growth of open-pit mine vegetation in different slope units and promote the stability of vegetation community succession.

[0027] In this scheme, the slope has a horse trail above the first planting structure 10 (the width of the horse trail area is relatively narrow and generally cannot be used for planting trees). The multi-structure system for vegetation landscape restoration of open-pit mine slopes also includes a second planting structure 30 located on the horse trail.

[0028] Specifically, the second planting structure 30 includes a retaining ridge 31 located at the top of the walkway, forming a planting trough 32 between the retaining ridge 31 and the inner wall of the walkway. The planting trough 32 contains a planting layer. The greening planting structure includes green plants and creeping plants planted in the planting layer. The creeping plants are planted on both the inner and outer sides of the green plants. The green plants are mainly shrubs and grasses, forming a grass and shrub strip along the walkway.

[0029] By planting the aforementioned types of plants, a diverse vegetation landscape restoration system can be constructed on mine slopes, consisting of "a near-natural fallen rock pile tree belt at the slope toe and along wide, gentle walkways (platforms) – a creeping vegetation zone on the slope surface – a shrub belt along irregular and narrow walkways." This addresses the shortcomings of current mine slope vegetation restoration methods, such as failing to create a suitable environment for tree growth, hindering vegetation community succession, and preventing rapid integration with the surrounding vegetation landscape. It also accelerates the growth of open-pit mine vegetation within different slope units and promotes the stability of vegetation community succession.

[0030] In addition, the system does not require regular maintenance. Only a small amount of water needs to be injected into the first and second planting structures periodically during prolonged droughts to ensure normal plant growth during the drought period. This can greatly reduce the maintenance costs of vegetation restoration on mine slopes and play a role in cost reduction and efficiency improvement.

[0031] This invention also proposes a restoration method based on a multi-structure system for vegetation landscape restoration of open-pit mine slopes, which includes the following steps: S1. Site Condition Survey: Specifically, sites with depressions, reverse slopes, and outward slopes of less than 5° can be selected at the toe or base of open-pit mine slopes. If there is a platform on the mine slope with a width exceeding 3m and a relatively long length, the platform can also be used as the toe of the slope, and the first planting structure 10 and retaining wall structure 20 can be constructed on the platform.

[0032] S2. Slope preparation: Remove rock hazards from the slope of the open-pit mine from top to bottom. During the process of removing hazards, the slag and boulders generated are piled up nearby on the walkway, platform and slope foot to form a rock pile.

[0033] S3. Slope Planting: Based on the slope characteristics, at least one of the following methods can be used to plant creeping plants on the slope to form a creeping vegetation layer: vine-induced mulching, netting and hydroseeding, ecological bag vegetation restoration, ecological grass mat vegetation restoration, floating platform vegetation restoration, vegetation on vegetated concrete, borehole planting, and soil-planting with seed. Among these, vine-induced mulching and soil-planting with seed are recommended due to their low construction costs and ease of maintenance. Suitable creeping plants include pomegranate, vine, and bermudagrass.

[0034] S4. Planting along the bridle path: Using the boulders generated from slope preparation in S2, construct retaining walls 31 with mortar along the outer edge of the bridle path. On the inner side of the retaining walls 31, layer the slag and soil generated from slope preparation in S2 from bottom to top to form a planting layer. Plant greenery and creeping plants on this layer, inducing the creeping plants to grow towards the slope. Specifically, construct a 0.3*0.3m near-natural retaining wall 31 using PM5 mortar 0.5m from the outer edge of the bridle path. Then level the slag piled on the bridle path, cover it with soil, and finally plant greenery (such as shrubs like *Hypericum stenoptera*, *Pyracantha fortuneana*, *Pyracantha fortuneana*, and *Robinia pseudoacacia*, and grasses like *Miscanthus sinensis*, *Setaria viridis*, *Festuca granatum*, and *Cynodon dactylon*) in the planting trough 32. Plant creeping plants such as *Punica granatum* and *Gnaphalium affine* along the inner and outer edges of the planting trough 32, inducing them to grow towards the slope.

[0035] S5. Slope planting: Construct the first planting structure 10 and retaining wall structure 20, and plant trees, shrubs and grass in the soil layer 14.

[0036] S6. Post-planting management: If the creeping vegetation on the slope is found to be growing below expectations, it can be replanted by sowing seeds in combination with the weather conditions; plants in the bridle area should be replanted by adding soil according to the survival rate and soil loss (for example, for shrubs, the soil should be added in holes according to the survival rate and soil loss); when there is a long-term drought in the sapling area of ​​trees, water should be added to the water storage and temperature regulation layer and seedlings should be added to the trees and shrubs that have not survived.

[0037] In step S5, constructing the first planting structure 10 and the retaining wall structure 20 includes: Determine the transverse width D of the water storage and temperature regulation layer 11. Specifically, determine the cross-sectional width of the first planting structure 10 at the foot of the slope based on the site conditions. Generally, the minimum width is 3m. If the site area is large, the slope is high, or there is a lot of waste that needs to be treated in the site, the width can be increased (determined based on the boom length of the excavator, generally not exceeding 8m). The water-blocking retaining wall 21 is constructed using mortar. Specifically, the water-blocking retaining wall 21 is constructed using PM7.5 mortar. It is necessary to ensure that the mortar in the wall is full and can store water (the thickness of the water-blocking retaining wall 21 is generally H1-1.2H1). The existing stones and slag generated from the slope preparation in S2 were used to fill the inner side of the water-blocking retaining wall 21 and compacted and leveled to form a water storage and temperature regulation layer 11. The waste in the site is piled on top of the water storage and temperature regulation layer 11 in a low-inner-high manner, and compacted and leveled to form the tree root growth layer 12. Water storage and temperature regulation layer 11 is filled with water. Specifically, water is filled into water storage and temperature regulation layer 11 by means of water pump or water truck. If any water-blocking wall 21 is found to have leakage points, it should be repaired in time. After filling with water, if any area of ​​slag and stone collapse is found in the tree root growth layer 12, slag and stone should be added and compacted and leveled. A drip irrigation structure 40 is installed on the slope above the tree root growth layer 12 to facilitate subsequent water replenishment. Lay 1-2 layers of straw mats above the tree root growth layer 12 to form a leak-proof layer 13, and then insert wooden nails into the leak-proof layer 13. The length of the wooden nails extending into the tree root growth layer 12 is 0.2-0.3m. Specifically, the wooden nails can be fixed at a spacing of 1m*1m, and the length of the wooden nails is about 0.5m. A retaining wall 22 is constructed on top of the water-blocking retaining wall 21. Soil is then laid on the inside of the retaining wall 22 onto the waterproofing layer 13 to form a soil layer 14. Specifically, the water-blocking retaining wall 21 is constructed 0.1m back from the original retaining wall 21. Then, an excavator is used to evenly pile soil that meets the conditions for vegetation restoration onto the soil waterproofing organic layer behind the wall. The soil can come from existing soil on the site and from slope preparation. If the soil is insufficient or cannot meet the conditions for vegetation restoration, it will be transported from elsewhere.

[0038] The drip-feed water supply structure 40 includes a housing 41, a water collection box 42, a mounting shell 43, a cone rod 44, and a water supply pipe 45. The housing 41 has a first water inlet 411 on one side of its top and a second water inlet 412 on its bottom. A buoyancy switch 413 is installed inside the housing 41 at the first water inlet 411. A connecting lug is provided on the outside of the water collection box 42. The water collection box 42 is located on the top of the housing 41, and a water pipe 421 is connected to its side wall, connecting to the first water inlet 411. A vertical mounting cylinder 422 is installed inside the water collection box 42. The mounting shell 43 is located at the bottom of the housing 41 and connects to the second water inlet 412. Pipe joints 431 are provided on both sides of the mounting shell 43, and each pipe joint 431 is connected to a water supply pipe 45. The cone rod 44 has a hollow structure and is located at the bottom of the mounting shell 43 and communicates with the inner cavity of the mounting shell 43. The inner cavity of the cone rod 44 contains, from bottom to top, a spring member 441, a sealing head 442 and a screw member 443. The side wall of the cone rod 44 has a water seepage hole 445 on the outside of the sealing head 442. The screw member 443 extends upward and passes through the mounting shell 43, the housing 41 and the mounting cylinder 422. The screw member 443 is threadedly connected to the top of the housing 41, and the top of the screw member 443 has a lateral limiting head 444.

[0039] During installation, a box 41 is arranged at intervals along the length of the slope foot. The box 41 and the water collection box 42 are attached to the slope surface. The bottom of the cone rod 44 is inserted into the tree root growth layer 12 for a certain distance, ensuring that the seepage hole 445 is exposed in the tree root growth layer 12. The box 41 is fixed to the slope surface by passing anchor rods or other structures through the connecting ears. The installation shells 43 are connected in series by connecting the water supply pipe 45 to the corresponding pipe joint 431. Straw mats and soil layer 14 are laid, ensuring that the water collection box 42 is exposed on the surface of the soil layer 14. The screw rod 443 is turned to move it downward. The screw rod 443 pushes the sealing head 442 downward to connect the seepage hole 445 with the inner cavity of the cone rod 44. When the limiting head 444 is pressed against the top of the installation cylinder 422, the water collection box 42 can be fixedly connected to the top of the box 41.

[0040] During operation, water is pumped into the water supply pipe 45 by a water pump, and the water flows into the tank 41 for storage. When the water level in the tank 41 rises, the buoyancy switch 413 closes the first water inlet 411 to prevent water from leaking out of the water pipe 421, and a small amount of water also seeps out through the seepage hole 445 to replenish the tank. After the water pump finishes working, the water stored in the tank 41 can continue to seep out through the seepage hole 445 to replenish the tank. Therefore, the water pump only needs to work until the tanks 41 are fully replenished, and it does not need to work continuously for a long time. When there is heavy rain, some of the rainwater can form runoff and flow through the slope and vegetation to the water collection box 42. When the water level in the water collection box 42 is high, water can be replenished into the tank 41 through the water pipe 421. As mentioned above, after the water tank is replenished, because the seepage hole 445 is very small, the water stored through seepage can be used for water replenishment for a relatively long period of time.

[0041] The connection point between the water pipe 421 and the water collection box 42 is higher than the inner bottom surface of the water collection box 42 to prevent accumulated fallen leaves, soil, etc., from clogging the inlet of the water pipe 421. After the multi-structure system for slope vegetation landscape restoration has been constructed for a period of time, the system can achieve autonomous vegetation community succession and survival. When artificial intervention for water replenishment is no longer needed, the drip water replenishment structure 40 can be dismantled and recycled for use in vegetation restoration in other areas.

[0042] This invention studies the growth and succession patterns of vegetation on natural steep slopes (cliffs) within different slope units. It then fully utilizes existing slope vegetation restoration techniques by constructing a near-natural multi-layered inverted rock pile structure at the foot of the cliff. This creates a diverse vegetation community system at the slope foot, combining tree, shrub, and grass growth zones, interspersed with vegetation on the slope surface, and connected by a walkway vegetation zone. This not only increases biodiversity and ecosystem stability but also creates a layered and visually appealing vegetation landscape.

[0043] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-structure system for vegetation landscape restoration of open-pit mine slopes, characterized by being installed on the slopes of open-pit mines, wherein... include: The first planting structure is set at the foot of the slope and includes a water storage and temperature regulation layer, a tree root growth layer, a leak-proof layer and a soil layer arranged from bottom to top. The top of the tree root growth layer is lower on the outside and higher on the inside. The retaining wall structure is located outside the first planting structure and includes water-blocking retaining walls and enclosure retaining walls arranged from bottom to top. The top of the water-blocking retaining walls is at the same height as the top of the water storage and temperature regulation layer. Green planting structures include trees planted in the soil layer; A drip irrigation system is installed on the slope surface above the root growth layer of trees; The drip-water replenishment structure includes: a box body, a first water inlet on the top side of the box body, a second water inlet on the bottom of the box body, and a buoyancy switch provided inside the box body at the first water inlet; A water collection box is located at the top of the housing and against the slope. A water pipe is connected to the side wall of the water collection box, and the water pipe is connected to the first water inlet. A vertical mounting cylinder is installed inside the water collection box. A mounting shell is located at the bottom of the housing and is connected to the second water inlet. Pipe joints are provided on both sides of the mounting shell, and each pipe joint is connected to a water supply pipe. A hollow conical rod is located at the bottom of the mounting shell and is connected to the inner cavity of the mounting shell. A spring, a sealing head, and a screw are arranged sequentially from bottom to top inside the conical rod. A seepage hole is opened on the side wall of the conical rod outside the sealing head. The screw extends upward through the housing and the mounting cylinder. The screw is threadedly connected to the top of the housing, and the top of the screw has a lateral limiting head.

2. The multi-structure system for vegetation landscape restoration of open-pit mine slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water storage and temperature regulation layer and the tree root growth layer are both set as slag and stone layers; the leak-proof layer is set as straw curtain; the water-blocking retaining wall is a masonry retaining wall, and the retaining wall is a dry-laid stone retaining wall.

3. The multi-structure system for vegetation landscape restoration of open-pit mine slopes according to claim 2, characterized in that, The leak-proof layer is fitted with wooden nails, which extend 0.2-0.3m into the root growth layer of the tree.

4. The multi-structure system for vegetation landscape restoration of open-pit mine slopes according to claim 3, characterized in that, The top of the water storage and temperature regulation layer is of uniform height from the outside to the inside, and the soil layer is laid on the leak-proof layer with uniform thickness from the outside to the inside. The thickness of the water storage and temperature regulation layer is H1. The outer thickness of the tree root growth layer is 0, the inner thickness of the tree root growth layer is H2, and the thickness of the soil layer is H3. The top of the retaining wall is of the same height as the outer top of the soil layer. The lateral width of the water storage and temperature regulation layer is D, where 3m≤D≤8m; 0.3m≤H1≤0.5m; 0.9m≤H2≤2m; and H3≥0.3m.

5. The multi-structure system for vegetation landscape restoration of open-pit mine slopes according to claim 4, characterized in that, The greening planting structure also includes shrubs planted in the soil layer, grasses sown in the soil layer, and a creeping vegetation layer on the slope surface.

6. The multi-structure system for vegetation landscape restoration of open-pit mine slopes according to claim 5, characterized in that, The slope has a horse trail above the first planting structure, and the multi-structure system for vegetation landscape restoration of open-pit mine slopes also includes a second planting structure located on the horse trail.

7. The multi-structure system for vegetation landscape restoration of open-pit mine slopes according to claim 6, characterized in that, The second planting structure includes a retaining trough located at the top of the horse trail, and a planting trough is formed between the retaining trough and the inner wall of the horse trail, the planting trough containing a planting layer; The greening planting structure includes green plants and creeping plants planted in the planting layer, with the creeping plants planted on both the inner and outer sides of the green plants.

8. The restoration method based on the multi-structure system for vegetation landscape restoration of open-pit mine slopes as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Survey of applicable site conditions; S2. Slope preparation: Remove rock hazards from the slope of the open-pit mine from top to bottom. During the process of removing hazards, the slag and boulders generated are piled up nearby to form a rock pile. S3. Slope planting: Plant creeping plants on the slope surface to form a creeping vegetation layer through at least one of the following methods: vine-induced mulching, netting and hydroseeding vegetation restoration, ecological bag vegetation restoration, ecological grass mat vegetation restoration, floating platform vegetation restoration, vegetation concrete vegetation restoration, borehole planting vegetation restoration, and soil seeding vegetation restoration. S4. Horse path planting: Using the boulders generated from the slope preparation in S2, mortar is used to build retaining walls on the horse path. Inside the retaining walls, from bottom to top, the slag and soil generated from the slope preparation in S2 are laid to form a planting layer. Green plants and creeping plants are planted on the planting layer, and the creeping plants are induced to grow towards the slope. S5. Slope planting: Construct the first planting structure and retaining wall structure, and plant trees, shrubs and grass in the soil layer; S6. Post-planting management: If the creeping vegetation on the slope is found to be growing below expectations, replanting should be done by sowing seeds; in the horse trail area, soil should be added and replanted according to the survival rate and soil loss; in the case of prolonged drought in the sapling area, water should be added to the water storage and temperature regulation layer and seedlings should be added to the surviving trees and shrubs.

9. The repair method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In S5, the construction of the first planting structure and retaining wall structure includes: Determine the lateral width D of the water storage and temperature regulation layer; Construct a water-blocking retaining wall using mortar; The existing stones and slag generated from the slope preparation in S2 were used to fill the inner side of the water-blocking retaining wall and compacted and leveled to form a water storage and temperature regulation layer. The waste material in the site was piled on top of the water storage and temperature regulation layer in a manner with a lower outer layer and a higher inner layer, and then compacted and leveled to form a root growth layer for trees. The water storage and temperature regulation layer is filled with water; A drip irrigation system is installed on the slope above the root growth layer of trees; Lay 1-2 layers of straw mats above the tree root growth layer to form a leak-proof layer, and then insert wooden nails into the leak-proof layer, with the wooden nails extending 0.2-0.3m into the tree root growth layer; A retaining wall is built on the water-blocking retaining wall, and then soil is laid on the inside of the retaining wall on the leak-proof layer to form a soil layer.

Images