Methods for measuring the span or spacing between gear bars.

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for measuring the span or spacing between gear rods, comprising the following steps: First, selecting a pair of measuring rods with a suitable diameter according to the gear to be tested, characterized in that: the pair of measuring rods is replaced by a pair of conical cylinders of the same size; Second, determining the height position of the pair of conical cylinders when they are horizontally inserted into the tooth groove of the gear to be tested in the vertical direction: keeping the axis of the conical cylinders vertical, and moving the conical cylinders vertically; the cross-section at the point where the conical cylinders are inserted into the tooth groove of the gear to be tested at their axial height and where their edges contact the left and right tooth surfaces within the tooth groove is the measuring circle, and the diameter of the measuring circle is equal to that of the measuring rods; Third, measuring the span or spacing between gear rods: placing the gear to be tested horizontally, horizontally inserting the measuring circles of the pair of conical cylinders into the corresponding positions on the gear to be tested and keeping them fixed; when the gear to be tested is an external gear, measuring the span; or, when the gear to be tested is an internal gear, measuring the spacing between the rods.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of gear span or bar spacing measurement, and specifically relates to a method for measuring gear span or bar spacing. Background Technology

[0002] The span-bar distance, or bar spacing, is an important parameter in gear design. Specifically, the span-bar distance refers to the outermost distance between two measuring rods used to measure the actual tooth thickness of an external gear (or external spline). (See [reference]) Figure 1 M as shown in a and 1b). Bar spacing refers to the inner distance between two measuring rods when measuring the actual tooth space width of an internal gear (or internal spline) using two measuring rods (see...). Figure 2 M is shown in a and 2b).

[0003] The span or spacing between the bars is also an indirect parameter for detecting gear tooth thickness. Usually, tooth thickness is measured by calibrating the span or spacing between the bars (see the national standard GB / Z 18620.2-2008 "Inspection Implementation Specification for Cylindrical Gears Part 2: Inspection of Radial Composite Deviation, Radial Runout, Tooth Thickness and Backlash" and the national calibration specification JJF 1557-2016 "Calibration Specification for Cylindrical Spur Involute Spline Gauges", where tooth thickness is measured by measuring the span or spacing between the bars).

[0004] Typically, a set of gauge bars corresponds to a gear specification, with the gauge bar diameter used as a standard value. However, testing organizations often need to test various types of gears, which requires gauge bars with different standard diameters. However, not all gears are suitable for gauge bars with standard diameters such as φ1, φ2, φ3.5, and φ5. Therefore, measuring the span or spacing between gauge bars for non-standard gears has become an industry challenge.

[0005] Currently, using existing standard gauge bars is insufficient to meet the testing needs of a wider variety of gear models (especially non-standard gears). Customizing non-standard gauge bars for each gear model would lead to poor testing efficiency and increased costs.

[0006] Based on this, the applicant is considering designing a method for measuring the span or spacing between gear bars that can better meet the testing needs of more different types of gears. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to provide a method for measuring the span or spacing of gears that can better meet the testing needs of more different types of gears.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] The method for measuring the span or distance between gear bars includes the following steps:

[0010] Step 1: Select a pair of measuring rods with a suitable diameter according to the gear to be tested, characterized in that: the pair of measuring rods is replaced by a pair of conical cylinders of the same size;

[0011] Step 2: Determine the vertical height of the pair of conical cylinders inserted into the tooth groove of the gear to be measured.

[0012] Keep the axis of the conical cylinder vertical and move the conical cylinder vertically;

[0013] The cross-section at the point where the edge of the conical column contacts the left and right tooth surfaces within the tooth groove of the gear to be measured is the measuring circle, and the measuring circle is equal in diameter to the measuring rod.

[0014] Step 3: Measure the span or distance between the gear bars to be tested.

[0015] The gear to be tested is placed horizontally, and the measuring circles of a pair of conical cylinders are horizontally inserted into the corresponding positions on the gear to be tested and kept fixed.

[0016] When the gear under test is an external gear, the distance between the radially outer points of the measuring circles of a pair of conical cylinders is the span distance; or, when the gear under test is an internal gear, the distance between the radially inner points of the measuring circles of a pair of conical cylinders is the bar spacing.

[0017] Currently, the diameter of a single gauge bar is unique. Therefore, when considering the span or spacing between gauge bars of a gear, the number of gears that can be applied to a gauge bar with a single diameter is relatively limited.

[0018] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of the measurement method for gear span or bar spacing in this solution are:

[0019] By using a conical column instead of the existing cylindrical measuring rod structure, the measuring circles can be made using several cross-sectional circles of different diameters in the height direction of the conical column. Therefore, the required diameter of the measuring circle (i.e., the corresponding different heights of the conical column) can be flexibly selected according to the gear to be measured.

[0020] As can be seen, in this solution, the conical column as a measuring rod can be applied to gears of more sizes, and better meet the detection needs of the span or spacing between rods of more different types of gears. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 'a' is a schematic diagram for measuring the span of an external gear with an even number of teeth.

[0022] Figure 1b is a schematic diagram for measuring the span of an external gear with an odd number of teeth.

[0023] Figure 2 'a' is a schematic diagram for measuring the tooth spacing of an internal gear with an even number of teeth.

[0024] Figure 2 b is a schematic diagram for measuring the spacing between the teeth of an internal gear with an odd number of teeth.

[0025] Figure 3 Example of parameters for a conical cylinder in a method for measuring the span or distance between gear bars.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the gauge bar structure in this scheme.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the measuring instrument for the gear span or bar spacing in this scheme.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the measuring instrument for the gear span or bar spacing in this solution.

[0029] Figure 7 The internal structure of the measuring instrument for the gear span or bar spacing in this scheme is marked as follows in the front view:

[0030] A measuring rod: A1 conical cylinder, A2 cylindrical

[0031] B drive motor

[0032] Gear span or bar spacing measuring instrument

[0033] C Bottom Mounting Plate

[0034] The positioning structure of the gear under test: D1 horizontal support plate, D2 locking threaded rod, D3 sliding block for the threaded rod.

[0035] The transverse spacing adjustment structure for the measuring rod consists of: E1 horizontal sliding block, E2 vertical mounting plate, E3 distance sensor, E4 distance measuring plate (E41 distance measuring surface, E42 strip mounting hole), and E6 lead screw.

[0036] Gauge rod lifting height adjustment mechanism: F1 support plate, F2 vertical guide rail, F3 vertical sliding block, F4 mounting cantilever (F41 connecting part, F42 gauge rod mounting part), F6 guide rail mounting plate (F61 fixing part, F62 guide rail and bearing mounting part), F7 displacement sensor, F8 laser diameter gauge Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] The method for measuring the span or distance between gear bars includes the following steps:

[0039] Step 1: Select a pair of measuring bars with a suitable diameter according to the gear to be tested. The pair of measuring bars is replaced by a pair of conical cylinders of the same size.

[0040] Step 2: Determine the vertical height of the pair of conical cylinders inserted into the tooth groove of the gear to be measured.

[0041] Keep the axis of the conical cylinder vertical and move the conical cylinder vertically;

[0042] The cross-section at the point where the edge of the conical column contacts the left and right tooth surfaces within the tooth groove of the gear to be measured is the measuring circle, and the measuring circle is equal in diameter to the measuring rod.

[0043] Step 3: Measure the span or distance between the gear bars to be tested.

[0044] The gear to be tested is placed horizontally, and the measuring circles of a pair of conical cylinders are horizontally inserted into the corresponding positions on the gear to be tested and kept fixed.

[0045] When the gear under test is an external gear, the distance between the radially outer points of the measuring circles of a pair of conical cylinders is the span distance; or, when the gear under test is an internal gear, the distance between the radially inner points of the measuring circles of a pair of conical cylinders is the bar spacing.

[0046] Currently, the diameter of a single gauge bar is unique. Therefore, when considering the span or spacing between gauge bars of a gear, the number of gears that can be applied to a gauge bar with a single diameter is relatively limited.

[0047] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of the measurement method for gear span or bar spacing in this solution are:

[0048] By using a conical column instead of the existing cylindrical measuring rod structure, the measuring circles can be made using several cross-sectional circles of different diameters in the height direction of the conical column. Therefore, the required diameter of the measuring circle (i.e., the corresponding different heights of the conical column) can be flexibly selected according to the gear to be measured.

[0049] As can be seen, in this solution, the conical column as a measuring rod can be applied to gears of more sizes, and better meet the detection needs of the span or spacing between rods of more different types of gears.

[0050] The gears mentioned and applicable in this technical solution are external gears and internal gears. The external gear is a cylindrical spur gear, and the teeth in the internal gear are also spur teeth.

[0051] In practice, the step of "selecting a pair of measuring bars with a suitable diameter according to the gear to be measured" is existing technology.

[0052] Different gear modules correspond to different tooth thicknesses or tooth space widths. Gauge bars, used to measure the span, need to be placed in the tooth space and contact the left and right tooth surfaces of that space. If the gauge bar diameter is too small, it will fall into the tooth space and fail to make contact; if it is too large, it will not fit into the tooth space. Existing literature provides recommended values ​​for the module and corresponding gauge bar diameters. Existing literature also provides methods for calculating the gauge bar diameter (e.g., Appendix C of "JJF 1557-2016 Calibration Specification for Cylindrical Straight Gear Involute Spline Gauges" for the plug gauge diameter D). Re (The formula is omitted here).

[0053] The diameter of the small end face at the axial top of each conical column ranges from 0.5 to 0.8 mm.

[0054] In this way, the conical column in this scheme can use the smallest measuring rod diameter, which is the diameter of the small end face at the top of the axis.

[0055] The diameter of the large end face at the axial bottom of each conical column ranges from 5 to 8 mm.

[0056] In this way, the conical column in this scheme can use the maximum diameter of the measuring rod, which is the diameter of the large end face at the axial bottom.

[0057] A first embodiment of a method for measuring the span or distance between gear bars (the amount of movement of the vertically moving conical cylinder is detected by a displacement sensor):

[0058] Each measuring bar is selected according to the corresponding diameter d1 of the gear to be measured;

[0059] The parameters of each conical column are: d for the small end face at the top of the axial direction, D for the large end face at the bottom of the axial direction, α for the taper, θ for the cone angle, and L for the length of the cone.

[0060] Let L1 be the distance between the measuring circle and the small end face of the axis. Then: L1=(d1-d) / α;

[0061] After obtaining L1, in the second step, first make the small end face of the top of the conical cylinder in the axial direction flush with the lower end face of the gear to be tested, and then move the small end face of the top of the conical cylinder vertically upward by L1.

[0062] During implementation, the vertical upward movement L1 can be accurately measured using a high-precision displacement sensor.

[0063] The calculation of L1 above can be performed manually, or the data can be entered into a computer or controller with a calculation program for calculation. The vertical movement of the conical column can be accomplished by manually or electrically controlling the lifting mechanism.

[0064] See Figure 3 As shown:

[0065] A conical cylinder is used as the measuring rod. The design of the conical cylinder is as follows:

[0066] The small end diameter d = 0.8 mm, the large end diameter D = 5.8 mm, and the taper α is 1:5 (taper refers to the ratio of the diameter of the base of the cone to the total height of the cone). Therefore, the cone angle θ = 2arctan(α / 2) can be calculated, and the length of the measuring rod cone L = (Dd) / α = 25 mm.

[0067] For example, when the diameter d1 of the measuring rod of a certain gear to be measured needs to be 2.38mm, according to this technical solution, the distance L1 from the small end face of the measuring circle to the axial direction can be calculated as (d1-d) / α = (2.38-0.8)×5 = 7.9mm.

[0068] A second embodiment of the method for measuring the span or distance between gear bars (using a laser diameter gauge to measure the diameter of the measuring circle):

[0069] In the second step, a laser diameter gauge is used to measure the diameter of the measuring circle; the measuring plane of the laser diameter gauge coincides with the contact plane between the gear to be measured and the measuring circle.

[0070] Using a laser diameter gauge to measure the diameter of the measuring circle allows for faster, real-time measurement, thus accelerating the measurement process and improving efficiency.

[0071] See appendix Figures 4 to 7 As shown:

[0072] The gear span or bar spacing measurement method in the above embodiments can also be achieved using the following gear span or bar spacing measuring instrument.

[0073] A measuring instrument for the span or distance between gear bars includes an instrument body, the instrument body including a pair of measuring bars; the upper section of the measuring bar is a conical cylinder, the diameter of the top end face of the conical cylinder is smaller than the diameter of the bottom end face; the lower section of the measuring bar is a cylinder coaxial with the upper section.

[0074] The instrument body also includes a bottom mounting plate, a measuring bar horizontal spacing adjustment structure, and a measuring bar lifting height adjustment mechanism;

[0075] The transverse spacing adjustment structure of the measuring rods is fixedly installed on the bottom mounting plate and is used to enable a pair of measuring rods to move closer or further apart relative to each other along the same horizontal straight line.

[0076] The measuring rod lifting height adjustment mechanism is used to be fixedly installed on the measuring rod horizontal spacing adjustment structure, and is used to keep a pair of measuring rods vertical and to be able to lift or fix them vertically.

[0077] When using the measuring instrument for the gear span or bar spacing in this solution:

[0078] First, place the gear to be tested on a suspended horizontal support plate;

[0079] Next, the lower cylindrical sections of a pair of measuring rods are inserted into the corresponding tooth slots on the gear under test by the measuring rod lateral spacing adjustment structure and the measuring rod lifting height adjustment mechanism, so that the gear under test can be accurately pre-positioned.

[0080] Subsequently, clamping devices are used to keep the gear under test fixed in the aforementioned "pre-positioned" position;

[0081] Next, select the diameter of the measuring rod for measuring the span or spacing between rods according to the gear to be tested. Based on this diameter, select the height of the measuring circle of the same diameter cross section on the upper section of the measuring rod in this scheme, and adjust the measuring circle to be flush with the lower end face of the tooth of the gear to be tested.

[0082] Finally, when the gear under test is an external gear, the distance between the radially outer points of the measuring circles of a pair of conical cylinders is the span distance; or, when the gear under test is an internal gear, the distance between the radially inner points of the measuring circles of a pair of conical cylinders is the bar spacing.

[0083] Compared with existing technologies, the measuring instrument for the gear span or bar spacing in this solution has the following advantages:

[0084] 1. The cylindrical section at the bottom of the measuring rod is not only convenient for contact with the gauge block to accurately calibrate the spacing; a pair of measuring rods can also be quickly inserted into the corresponding pair of tooth slots to make the gear under test accurately pre-positioned (laying the foundation for subsequent precise positioning and locking of the gear under test).

[0085] 2. The upper section of the measuring bar has a conical column with several cross-sectional circles of different diameters along its height direction to serve as measuring circles. In this way, the required diameter of the measuring circle (i.e., the corresponding different heights of the conical column) can be selected according to the gear to be tested. Therefore, the conical column can be used for gears of more sizes, better meeting the testing needs of more different types of gears.

[0086] 3. Because both measuring rods are set vertically, this makes it easy to insert them into the corresponding tooth slots on the external gear from the outside in, and also easy to insert them into the corresponding tooth slots on the internal gear from the inside out. It can also be used for both odd-numbered and even-numbered teeth.

[0087] As can be seen from the above, the gear span-bar distance or bar spacing measuring instrument of this solution is applicable to the measurement of span-bar distance or bar spacing of external gears, internal gears, and gears with odd and even numbers of teeth. It is comprehensive in function and more practical, and can better meet the testing needs.

[0088] In practice, the first embodiment of the transverse spacing adjustment structure for the gauge bars (not shown in the figure) is as follows:

[0089] One of the two measuring rods is fixedly installed, while the other measuring rod is fixedly installed on a sliding base that can slide laterally. The sliding base is fitted with two horizontal guide rods arranged side by side.

[0090] In practice, the first embodiment of the measuring bar lifting height adjustment mechanism (not shown in the figure):

[0091] The measuring rod lifting height adjustment mechanism includes a through hole machined in the center of the measuring rod shaft; the measuring rod lifting height adjustment mechanism also includes a guide shaft that passes through the through hole and allows the measuring rod to be fitted in, and the bottom of the guide shaft has a horizontal base;

[0092] In this way, the measuring rod can be fixed at any height on the guide shaft by a pair of clamping blocks. The pair of clamping blocks are used to detachably clamp and fix the measuring rod on the guide shaft, and the upper end face of the pair of clamping blocks supports and fixes the lower end face of the measuring rod, so that the measuring rod is fixed in the height direction.

[0093] The instrument body also includes a gear positioning structure, a measuring rod lateral spacing adjustment structure, and a measuring rod lifting height adjustment mechanism.

[0094] The instrument body also includes a distance sensor for measuring the distance between the centers of a pair of measuring rods.

[0095] The calibration method for an instrument measuring the span or distance between gear bars includes the following steps:

[0096] Calibrate the center distance of the measuring rod measured by the distance sensor:

[0097] The gear under test is an external gear with an even number of teeth. Calibration is performed using a gauge block whose nominal span distance is close to that of the gear under test. The gauge block is placed on a horizontal surface of a worktable, and a pair of gauge bars are raised so that the cylindrical surfaces of the lower sections of the gauge bars contact the two working end faces of the gauge block along its length. The difference between the actual value of the gauge block and the shortest distance between the cylindrical gauge bars is used as the horizontal distance measurement correction value. The horizontal distance measurement correction value is used to correct the measurement result of the span distance.

[0098] Wherein, the shortest distance between cylindrical measuring bars = the center distance between the measuring bars - the diameter of the cylindrical measuring bars; the center distance between the measuring bars is the measured value of the distance sensor.

[0099] The calibration method for the measuring instrument for the span or distance between gear bars also includes the following steps:

[0100] The height of the cone section of a conical cylinder used to calibrate a pair of gauge bars:

[0101] Since the cone of the conical cylinder and the tooth surface are in contact on the same plane during measurement, the height of the measuring circle on the cone can be calculated by inputting the required diameter of the measuring rod of the gear being measured.

[0102] Based on the calculated height of the measuring circle on the cone, the cone is raised or lowered to that height. Then, a standard plug gauge or standard ring gauge with a distance close to the nominal value of the gear crossbar is installed on the working surface of the horizontal support plate. Finally, the cones of a pair of measuring bars are inserted into the corresponding tooth grooves for contact measurement.

[0103] If the center distance of the gauge bar is x1 and the actual value of the standard plug gauge or standard ring gauge is x, then the height correction value can be calculated as Δy = (x1 - x) / α.

[0104] The calibrated height position can then be obtained by raising or lowering the height Δy of a pair of measuring bars, so that the diameter of the measuring circle of the conical cylinder of the pair of measuring bars is consistent with the diameter of the measuring bars required for the gear to be measured.

[0105] The method for using the gear span or bar spacing measuring instrument is as follows: After completing the calibration method of the gear span or bar spacing measuring instrument, there is no need to calibrate the height of the conical cross-section of the pair of measuring bars; directly use a laser diameter gauge to measure the diameter of the measuring circle. When the measured diameter of the measuring circle is equal to the diameter of the measuring bar required for the gear to be measured, stop raising and lowering the pair of measuring bars; and after the cone of the pair of measuring bars is moved horizontally and inserted into the corresponding tooth groove, the span or bar spacing can be measured.

[0106] The gear positioning structure to be tested includes a worktable, which includes a mounting bracket and a horizontal support plate.

[0107] The horizontal support plate is suspended and fixed by the mounting bracket. The horizontal support plate is provided with a measuring rod clearance structure, which is used to allow a pair of vertically set measuring rods to move back and forth along the same horizontal straight line. The upper surface of the horizontal support plate has a horizontal surface for the gear to be measured to be placed horizontally, and a clearance through hole is provided in the middle of the horizontal surface.

[0108] The workbench also includes a locking threaded rod and a locking nut. The lower section of the locking threaded rod is fixedly installed below the horizontal support plate, and the upper section of the locking threaded rod passes through and extends out of the clearance hole.

[0109] The locking nut is used to connect to the upper section of the locking threaded rod by thread, and can achieve locking by pressing the lower end face of the external gear to be tested on the horizontal surface of the horizontal support plate.

[0110] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of the gear positioning structure in this solution are:

[0111] 1. Easy to use, better ensuring the measurement accuracy of gear span or bar spacing.

[0112] The horizontal support plate on the workbench is suspended and fixedly mounted on the mounting bracket. The horizontal support plate has a horizontal surface for the gear to be tested to be placed horizontally. Therefore, during use:

[0113] First, simply place the gear to be tested over the locking threaded rod and lay it flat on a horizontal surface.

[0114] Next, adjust a pair of measuring rods to insert them into the tooth grooves of the gear to be tested. At this moment, the gear to be tested is in the accurate test position.

[0115] Finally, the locking nut is screwed into the locking threaded rod from top to bottom, and the locking is achieved by pressing the lower end face of the locking nut against the upper end face of the external gear to be tested, which is located on the horizontal surface of the horizontal support plate.

[0116] After the gear to be tested is locked, measurement errors caused by gear misalignment during the measurement process can be effectively avoided, thus better ensuring the measurement accuracy of the gear span or bar spacing.

[0117] 2. The threaded section of the upper part of the locking threaded rod is suitable for gears with various axial thicknesses, making it more practical.

[0118] 3. The workbench has a simple overall structure, making it easy to mass-produce.

[0119] In implementation, the first embodiment of the horizontal support plate (not shown in the figure) is as follows: the horizontal support plate can be a rectangular block structure; the mounting bracket is a support column or support plate fixed around the horizontal support plate.

[0120] In practice, the horizontal support plate can also adopt the structure described in the following two other embodiments:

[0121] The horizontal support plate has an H-shaped plate structure when viewed from above. The clearance perforation is located in the middle of the transverse connection part of the H-shaped plate structure. The gauge bar clearance structure is the hollow area of ​​the H-shaped plate structure.

[0122] Alternatively, the horizontal support plate is an overall elongated flat plate structure, and the horizontal support plate has an elongated hole extending along its length at the middle position in its width direction. The elongated hole constitutes the clearance perforation and gauge rod clearance structure.

[0123] The horizontal support plate of the above-mentioned long strip flat plate structure has the advantages of simple structure, easy processing and assembly.

[0124] Furthermore, the horizontal support plate of the H-shaped plate structure (not shown in the figure) has better structural strength. This allows for better assurance of the flatness of the machined horizontal surface through higher structural strength, thereby better ensuring measurement accuracy during subsequent use.

[0125] At the same time, the horizontal support plates of the aforementioned H-shaped plate structure or long strip plate structure facilitate the placement of larger internal gears, significantly improving the applicability of this solution.

[0126] The horizontal support plate extends downward from its outer edges to form a cylindrical mounting bracket.

[0127] A bottom mounting plate is connected to the inner side of the lower end of the cylindrical mounting bracket, and the four sides of the bottom mounting plate are fixedly connected to the lower side of the mounting bracket by screws.

[0128] By adopting the above structure, the mounting bracket and horizontal support plate of the workbench can be integrated into one structure, which makes the workbench independent and integral, and easier to process, manufacture and assemble individually.

[0129] At the same time, the overall structure of the worktable is a cover, which can better shield and protect the internal structure, better ensure the motion accuracy of the high-precision movement control structure in the internal structure, and thus better ensure the measurement accuracy.

[0130] The position on the horizontal support plate where the gear is placed horizontally is convex, and the top horizontal surface of the convex shape forms the horizontal surface where the gear is placed horizontally.

[0131] The above structural design allows for a thickened design at the horizontal placement position of the gear (especially the external gear), which improves the structural strength of that area and better ensures the flatness of the surface when machining that area.

[0132] In addition, the horizontal placement of the gear with an overall upward convex shape not only makes it easier to observe and align the upper end face of the conical column on the measuring bar, but also makes it easier for the laser detection plane of the laser diameter gauge to be horizontally aligned with the upper end face of the protrusion, simplifying the installation difficulty of the laser diameter gauge on the worktable.

[0133] The locking threaded rod is fixedly mounted on a threaded rod slider, which is slidably mounted on a vertically fixed guide rail; and the horizontal slider is driven to rise and fall by a screw nut pair or a cylinder.

[0134] After the locking threaded rod can be raised and lowered vertically, the height of the threaded section extending upwards can be adjusted to better suit various gears under test; at the same time, the distance the locking nut needs to be screwed into the threaded section can be reduced, thus improving locking efficiency.

[0135] In practice, the above lead screw and nut pair is driven and controlled by a drive motor located at the lower end.

[0136] The transverse spacing adjustment structure for gauge bars includes a linear guide rail fixedly mounted on a bottom mounting plate. A pair of transverse sliding blocks that can move closer to or further away from each other are fitted on the linear guide rail. A vertical mounting plate is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of each transverse sliding block for vertical mounting of a single gauge bar. The structure also includes a distance sensor for measuring the center-to-center distance between the pair of gauge bars.

[0137] Compared with existing technologies, the transverse spacing adjustment structure of the gauge bars in this solution has the following advantages:

[0138] 1. By using linear guides to precisely control a pair of transverse sliders (and the measuring rods on the transverse sliders) to move back and forth along the same straight line, the repeatability and accuracy of the transverse sliders and measuring rods moving continuously along the same straight line can be better ensured, thereby better ensuring the accuracy of subsequent measurements of the span or spacing between gears.

[0139] 2. The distance sensor can be used directly to measure the center distance between a pair of measuring bars. This measurement value can be used to quickly calculate the span distance or bar spacing of the gear, thus improving measurement efficiency.

[0140] The transverse spacing adjustment structure of the measuring rod also includes a pair of measuring plates, which are synchronously set to correspond one-to-one with the pair of transverse sliding blocks; each of the measuring plates has a measuring surface that coincides with the axis of the adjacent measuring rod and is aligned with the length direction of the linear guide rail.

[0141] A laser displacement sensor is fixedly mounted on one of the ranging plates, and the measuring head of the laser displacement sensor passes through a perforation in the ranging plate; the measuring plate of the other of the two ranging plates is directly opposite the measuring head of the laser displacement sensor.

[0142] The countersunk holes and measuring plates installed on the above measuring bars have the advantages of being easy to process and assemble.

[0143] Furthermore, by installing a laser displacement sensor on one of the ranging plates, the two ranging plates can be used to accurately measure the center distance between a pair of measuring rods.

[0144] In implementation, the distance measuring plate is preferably L-shaped. This minimizes the structural complexity of the distance measuring plate while providing high strength and structural reliability. Simultaneously, the distance measuring plate is fixed to the side end of the connecting part of the mounting cantilever of the measuring rod using screws. The distance measuring plate has two strip-shaped mounting holes extending in its depth and width directions, allowing for easy adjustment of the measuring surface on the plate to coincide with the axis of the measuring rod, achieving precise positioning and installation.

[0145] A second embodiment of the transverse spacing adjustment structure for the measuring rods (the spacing between a pair of measuring rods can be controlled manually or electrically):

[0146] The transverse spacing adjustment structure of the measuring bar also includes a lead screw and nut pair, and a nut sleeve in the lead screw and nut pair with the same axial direction as the length direction of the linear guide rail is fixedly installed on each of the transverse sliders;

[0147] On the bottom mounting plate, a pair of bearing seats are provided on both sides of the nut sleeve of each transverse slider along the length direction of the linear guide rail to provide rotatable support for the lead screw; the lead screw of the lead screw nut pair is provided in the nut sleeve and the matching pair of bearing seats; a drive component for driving the lead screw to rotate is provided at the outer end of the lead screw along the length direction of the linear guide rail.

[0148] In this way, the lead screw can be driven to rotate through the lead screw and nut pair and the drive component, thereby driving the nut sleeve and the transverse slider to move back and forth along the linear guide rail, thus achieving fine adjustment of the spacing between a pair of gauge bars.

[0149] The driving component is a crank handle or a drive motor that is connected to the lead screw drive.

[0150] In this way, the lateral spacing of a pair of measuring bars can be easily adjusted, and a stable lock can be formed by the thread when not driven, effectively avoiding deviation during the measurement process and affecting the accuracy of the measurement.

[0151] The measuring rod height adjustment mechanism includes:

[0152] A support plate, the lower end of which is used to fix it to the transverse slider;

[0153] A vertical guide rail is vertically fixedly installed on the support plate;

[0154] A vertical sliding block is slidably mounted on the vertical guide rail, and a mounting cantilever for vertically fixing the measuring rod is fixedly installed on the vertical sliding block;

[0155] A vertical movement screw and nut assembly includes a vertical movement nut and a vertical movement screw, wherein a vertical movement nut is fixedly installed on the vertical movement slider, and the axial direction of the vertical movement nut is the same as that of the vertical guide rail.

[0156] On the support plate, a pair of vertical moving bearing seats are provided on the upper and lower sides of the vertical moving nut of the vertical moving slider to provide rotatable support for the vertical moving screw; the vertical moving screw is provided inside the vertical moving nut and the pair of vertical moving bearing seats; a vertical moving drive component is provided at the end of the vertical moving screw along the length direction of the vertical guide rail to drive the vertical moving screw to rotate.

[0157] Compared with existing technologies, the measuring rod lifting height adjustment mechanism in this solution has the following advantages:

[0158] This technical solution uses the aforementioned support structure and a lead screw and nut pair for vertical movement to drive the vertical slider to rise and fall along the vertical guide rail. Furthermore, based on the advantages of the lead screw and nut pair, such as good repeatability, high action accuracy (minimum accuracy can be a few microns or tens of microns), and long service life, the rise and fall of the adjustment bar can be adjusted with higher precision.

[0159] The mounting cantilever has a connecting part that fits and connects with the vertical sliding block. The connecting part is generally in the shape of a vertical plate and is fixedly connected to the vertical sliding block by screws. The top of the connecting part has a measuring rod mounting part that protrudes outward and has an upward-protruding end. The upper surface of the end of the measuring rod mounting part has a mounting hole for inserting and fixing the measuring rod.

[0160] The above-mentioned cantilever structure is firmly fixed on the vertical sliding block; and it facilitates the interference fit of the measuring rod to achieve quick locking installation.

[0161] The supporting upright plate has an overall inverted T-shaped structure.

[0162] This results in higher structural strength and stability of the support plate, as well as higher support reliability and assembly precision, thereby ensuring higher measurement accuracy.

[0163] In practice, reinforcing ribs are added to the outside of the supporting upright plate to further enhance its structural strength.

[0164] In practice, the vertical movement drive is a rocking handle or a drive motor that is connected to the vertical movement lead screw.

[0165] The vertical movement drive component is a drive motor, and the drive motor is installed entirely below the vertical guide rail.

[0166] This design allows only the measuring rod to be in the top position within the measuring rod height adjustment mechanism, resulting in a more rational overall structure and making it easier for the measuring rod to be quickly moved horizontally or adjusted vertically to complete the measurement.

[0167] The measuring rod lifting height adjustment mechanism also includes a guide rail mounting plate. The guide rail mounting plate has a fixing part that fits against the supporting upright plate and is fixedly connected by screws. The fixing part has a transverse outward protrusion at both ends in the vertical direction, forming a pair of guide rail and bearing mounting parts. The vertical ends of the vertical guide rail are fixed between the pair of guide rail and bearing mounting parts.

[0168] The structure of the above guide rail mounting plate is bent at the top and bottom, so its structure is reliable. After being fixedly connected with the support plate, it can further improve the structural strength and stability of the support plate and itself, and ensure the installation accuracy of the vertical guide rail and the vertical movement bearing.

[0169] Furthermore, the adoption of the aforementioned guide rail mounting plate makes the installation structure of the vertical guide rail and the vertical movement bearing simpler, and the overall structure is more compact.

[0170] The measuring rod lifting height adjustment mechanism also includes a displacement sensor, which is fixedly installed and can move synchronously with the vertical slider. The ranging probe of the displacement sensor faces upward and is directly opposite the lower surface of the horizontal support plate used for horizontally lowering the gear to be measured.

[0171] After installing the above displacement sensors, the rise and fall of the measuring rod can be monitored in real time, which facilitates quick adjustment of the measuring rod to the required height to speed up the measurement efficiency of the gear span or bar spacing.

[0172] In practice, the displacement sensor can be a high-precision laser rangefinder.

[0173] The measuring rod lifting height adjustment mechanism also includes a drive motor control mechanism and a laser diameter measuring instrument; wherein, the drive motor control mechanism includes a microcontroller and a motor controller, the output terminal of the motor controller is electrically connected to the drive motor, and the input control terminal of the motor controller is electrically connected to the output interface of the microcontroller;

[0174] The laser diameter gauge is fixedly installed, and its measuring plane coincides with the contact plane between the gear to be measured and the measuring rod; the output end of the laser diameter gauge is electrically connected to the input interface of the microcontroller.

[0175] In this way, the microcontroller can be used to receive the measurement data of the laser diameter gauge in real time, and the microcontroller controls the motor controller to control the drive motor and adjust the lifting and lowering of the measuring rod. When the height of the conical section of the upper part of the measuring rod is adjusted to the diameter of the measuring rod required by the laser diameter gauge, the lifting and lowering height adjustment mechanism of the measuring rod can be precisely controlled to lock the height of the measuring rod.

[0176] Therefore, the adoption of this solution can help improve the intelligence level of gear span or bar spacing measurement and improve measurement efficiency.

[0177] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that any modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the present technical solution should also be considered to fall within the scope of protection claimed in this claim.

Claims

1. A method for measuring the span or distance between gear bars, including the following steps: Step 1: Select a pair of measuring rods with a suitable diameter according to the gear to be tested. The characteristic is that the pair of measuring rods is replaced by a pair of conical cylinders of the same size; the upper section of each measuring rod is the conical cylinder, and the diameter of the top surface of the conical cylinder is smaller than the diameter of the bottom surface; the lower section of the measuring rod is a cylinder coaxial with the upper section. Step 2: Determine the vertical height of the pair of conical cylinders inserted into the tooth groove of the gear to be measured. Keep the axis of the conical cylinder vertical and move the conical cylinder vertically; The cross-section at the point where the edge of the conical column contacts the left and right tooth surfaces within the tooth groove of the gear to be measured is the measuring circle, and the measuring circle is equal in diameter to the measuring rod. When determining the height position, first calibrate the height of the conical section of a pair of gauge bars: by inputting the gauge bar diameter required for the gear to be measured, calculate the height position of the measuring circle on the cone; based on the calculated height position of the measuring circle on the cone, raise or lower the cone to that height position, then use a standard plug gauge or standard ring gauge that is close to the nominal value of the gear span distance to install on the working surface of a horizontal support plate, and then insert the cone of the pair of gauge bars into the corresponding tooth groove for contact measurement: the value of the gauge bar axis distance is x1, the actual value of the standard plug gauge or standard ring gauge is x, then calculate the height correction value Δy=(x1-x) / α, where α is the taper of the conical column; then obtain the calibrated height position by raising or lowering the height Δy of the pair of gauge bars, so that the diameter of the measuring circle of the pair of gauge bars is consistent with the gauge bar diameter required for the gear to be measured; Step 3: Measure the span or distance between the gear bars to be tested. The gear to be tested is placed horizontally: The gear to be tested is placed on the suspended horizontal support plate, and the lower cylindrical length of a pair of measuring rods is inserted into the corresponding pair of tooth grooves on the gear to be tested to achieve pre-positioning of the gear to be tested; then the clamping device is used to keep the gear to be tested fixed in the pre-positioned position; the measuring circle positions of a pair of conical cylinders are horizontally inserted into the corresponding positions on the gear to be tested and kept fixed. When the gear under test is an external gear, the distance between the radially outer points of the measuring circles of a pair of conical cylinders is the span distance; or, when the gear under test is an internal gear, the distance between the radially inner points of the measuring circles of a pair of conical cylinders is the bar spacing.

2. The method for measuring the span or spacing of gears according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the small end face at the axial top of each conical column ranges from 0.5 to 0.8 mm.

3. The method for measuring the span or spacing of gears according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The diameter of the large end face at the axial bottom of each conical column ranges from 5 to 8 mm.

4. The method for measuring the span or spacing of gears according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Each measuring bar has a corresponding diameter d1 selected according to the gear to be measured; the parameters of each conical column are: the diameter of the small end face at the top of the axial direction is d, the diameter of the large end face at the bottom of the axial direction is D, the taper is α, the cone angle is θ, and the length of the cone is L; let the distance between the measuring circle and the small end face of the axial direction be L1, then: L1=(d1-d) / α; after obtaining L1, in the second step, first make the small end face of the top of the axial direction of the conical column flush with the lower end face of the gear to be measured, and then move the small end face of the top of the axial direction of the conical column vertically upward by L1.

5. The method for measuring the span or spacing of gears according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the second step, a laser diameter gauge is used to measure the diameter of the measuring circle; the measuring plane of the laser diameter gauge coincides with the contact plane between the gear to be measured and the measuring circle.

6. The method for measuring the span or spacing of gears according to claim 1, characterized in that: A measuring instrument for the span or spacing between gears.

7. The method for measuring the span or spacing of gears according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method also includes a calibration step for a distance sensor that measures the center-to-center distance of a pair of gauge bars: when the gear to be measured is an external gear with an even number of teeth, a gauge block with a nominal value close to the span distance of the gear to be measured is used for calibration. The gauge block is placed on a horizontal surface of a workbench, and the pair of gauge bars is raised so that the cylindrical surface of the lower section of the pair of gauge bars contacts the two working end faces of the gauge block along its length. The difference between the actual value of the gauge block and the shortest distance between the cylindrical gauge bars is used as a horizontal distance measurement correction value, which is used to correct the measurement result of the span distance. Wherein, the shortest distance between the cylindrical gauge bars = center-to-center distance of the gauge bars - diameter of the cylindrical gauge bars; the center-to-center distance of the gauge bars is the measured value of the distance sensor.

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