Underwater fast drilling and blasting construction device and method for deep water inclined rock stratum

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of underwater fast drilling and blasting construction devices of deep water inclined rock stratum, including the drilling and blasting ship of processing, widening platform is arranged in one side of drilling and blasting ship, two rows of drilling hole positions are arranged on widening platform, wherein outside one row of hole is the reserved hole position of deck direct excavation, second row of hole in inside passes through ship body, welding steel pipe is arranged on hole position as the operation passage of drill rod or casing pipe, drilling and blasting ship is provided with caterpillar belt type top hammer drill and its matched air compressor, positioning anchor machine is arranged in the four corners of drilling and blasting ship, and drilling and blasting ship device is equipped with positioning heavy anchor.The application further provides a kind of underwater fast drilling and blasting construction method of deep water inclined rock stratum.The application is accurate in positioning, convenient in construction, can accurately open hole by the alternate operation of drill rod and casing pipe, and uses special medicine bag, simplifies underwater charging process, ensures continuous charging length, can reach the expected underwater blasting effect, greatly improves underwater blasting and slag grabbing efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an underwater drilling and blasting device and method, specifically to a rapid underwater drilling and blasting construction device and method for deep-water inclined rock strata, belonging to the field of underwater blasting construction technology. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of water conservancy and hydropower projects and shipping, underwater drilling and blasting have been widely used in engineering construction. Underwater blasting operations typically require drilling holes on a work platform before loading explosives into the holes and carrying out the blasting.

[0003] Underwater drilling and blasting is a complex and inefficient process, especially for deep-water inclined rock formations such as rock sills where large excavation volumes are required. Drilling and explosive loading necessitate precise control. During drilling, the drilling platform must be anchored, and the borehole must be positioned and drilled according to the pre-designed location and depth. Controlling the borehole's movement along the slope direction is crucial to ensure precise drilling and improve efficiency. When loading explosives, the effects of water on explosive properties and the drilling process must be considered. Calculated explosive quantities for each borehole must be loaded quickly and accurately, followed by backfilling, to achieve the desired underwater blasting effect and improve efficiency. Currently, there is no underwater drilling and blasting method for inclined rock formations that offers high drilling precision and effective blasting results. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Underwater blasting in deep-water sloping rock formations is a complex process. The accuracy of underwater drilling location and depth is a prerequisite for achieving the desired blasting effect. Therefore, the stability of the work platform and the accuracy of drilling are crucial, especially for deep-water sloping bedrock, where slippage along the slope is highly likely during drilling, resulting in low drilling efficiency, poor drilling accuracy, and unreliable hole depth. Underwater charging is affected by buoyancy, typically time-consuming and difficult. Rapid and efficient charging and backfilling, along with ensuring the quality of the charging, are key to achieving the desired underwater blasting effect.

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the aforementioned problems. By improving the drilling and blasting vessel, the position of the vessel and the borehole are precisely located. A rapid underwater drilling and blasting construction device and method for deep-water inclined rock strata are adopted to overcome the defects of poor stability of underwater blasting operation platforms and easy deviation of borehole positions on deep-water slopes, greatly improving drilling and blasting efficiency. Long strip-shaped plastic explosive bags with small vent holes are used, and the explosive charge for each hole is pre-processed, simplifying the underwater charging process, ensuring continuous charging length, achieving the expected underwater blasting effect, and improving underwater blasting and slag removal efficiency.

[0006] The present invention is implemented as follows:

[0007] A rapid underwater drilling and blasting construction device for deep-water inclined rock formations includes a drilling and blasting vessel, characterized in that: a widened platform is set on one side of the drilling and blasting vessel, and two rows of drill holes are set on the widened platform, wherein the outer row of holes are reserved holes for direct excavation on the deck, and the inner second row of holes passes through the hull. Welded steel pipes are arranged on the holes as working channels for drill rods or casings. The drilling and blasting vessel is equipped with a tracked top hammer drill rig and its matching air compressor. Positioning anchors are set at the four corners of the drilling and blasting vessel, and the drilling and blasting vessel device is equipped with positioning heavy anchors.

[0008] A further step is:

[0009] The reserved holes are arranged with a spacing of 2×2m between them.

[0010] A further step is:

[0011] The drilling and blasting vessel is also equipped with a positioning system for precise location of the vessel.

[0012] A further step is:

[0013] The tracked top hammer drill rig can move on the drilling and blasting vessel according to the hole position and use clamps to switch drill rods and casings.

[0014] This invention also provides a rapid underwater drilling and blasting method for deep-water inclined rock formations, specifically including:

[0015] Step 1: Move the drill and blast vessel to the construction area, accurately position the drill and blast vessel, and fix its position using an anchor winch and a positioning heavy anchor;

[0016] Step 2: Using measuring instruments and positioning systems, perform planar and elevation surveys of the drilling area to obtain the slope and extent of the inclined plane where the borehole is located, and determine the borehole location and depth.

[0017] Step 3: Drilling is performed using a tracked top hammer drill rig. The drill rod and casing are switched using a clamp, and alloy drill bits and casing drill bits are installed on the drill rod and casing respectively. To ensure borehole position and accuracy control and prevent slippage along the slope direction when opening the borehole in deep water, an alloy drill bit is first installed on the drill rod. The drill rod alloy drill bit is driven to impact the borehole point on the slope, breaking up the slope and forming a certain range of opening platform. Using a clamp, a casing drill bit is used to drill 30cm into the platform, forming a borehole guide hole. The alloy drill bit is then used to drill into the borehole guide hole to the preset depth, completing the underwater borehole construction.

[0018] Step 4: The explosive loading uses a one-hole-one-design approach. Calculations are made based on the rock strata thickness and drilling depth. The prepared single-hole explosive packs are inserted into the borehole using a casing, which is then plugged and backfilled. After loading, the casing is removed. The electronic detonator lead wire ends inside the single-hole explosive packs are fitted with custom-made waterproof sleeves. After loading, these sleeves are tied to floating objects and secured sequentially beside the deck to protect the network connector. The electronic detonator network connector is then connected to the main line and secured to a foam float on the water surface.

[0019] Step 5: After drilling and loading one row of holes, move the tracked top hammer drill rig to the next row of holes according to the row spacing, and continue drilling and loading until the entire blasting zone is completed. Stop the operation, protect the network card head, and fix the electronic detonator network card head to the foam float on the water surface after it is connected to the main line. Connect the detonation network, move the drill and blast vessel to a safe area, and after confirming that all ship machinery and personnel are in the safe area, issue a warning and detonate.

[0020] A further step is:

[0021] In step 1, the drilling and blasting vessel is precisely positioned, specifically:

[0022] The control points of the construction area were laid out using a total station, and the boundary line of the construction area was controlled based on the coordinates of the control points. The construction area was sequentially numbered with cross-sectional station numbers, and blast holes were arranged according to the design on each cross-section. The planar coordinates of the first and last holes in each row were calculated as the basis for controlling the movement of the drill-and-blast vessel. The drill-and-blast vessel was positioned using the cross-section method. After the drill-and-blast vessel moved to the designated cross-section, it was positioned using two GPS receivers at the bow and stern.

[0023] A further step is:

[0024] In step 1, the position of the drilling and blasting vessel is fixed using an anchor winch and a positioning heavy anchor. The four-cable positioning method is used to fix the drilling and blasting vessel on the water surface of the drilling and blasting target area using an anchor winch, and the positioning heavy anchor is lowered to reinforce the fixation.

[0025] A further step is:

[0026] In step 3, the diameter of the alloy drill bit is 115mm and the diameter of the casing is 145mm.

[0027] A further step is:

[0028] In step 3, after drilling is completed, high-pressure air is used to clean the hole. After cleaning, the drill rod is raised, the hole depth is checked, and the drilling record is made.

[0029] A further step is:

[0030] In step 4, the single-hole explosive charge consists of multiple explosive rolls with diameters of Φ70 to Φ90 mm. A Φ110 mm long plastic bag with vent holes is used. The bottom of the plastic bag is reinforced with 2 to 5 sections of Φ90 mm explosive rolls, with the remainder being Φ70 mm explosive rolls. An electronic detonator is placed at the bottom and middle of each section to process the detonating charge. After reaching the designed single-hole explosive charge, the bags are tied together to form a pre-charged explosive column of a certain length. The vent holes in the explosive bag effectively drain water from the borehole, mitigating the buoyancy effect during underwater loading.

[0031] This invention has at least the following outstanding technical effects:

[0032] This invention provides a rapid underwater drilling and blasting method for deep-water inclined rock formations. The method involves on-site modification of the drilling and blasting vessel, widening the drilling rig side to form a stable drilling platform. Based on underwater blasting test results, welded steel pipes are pre-installed on the widened platform at 2×2m intervals to serve as drilling channels. The drilling area is precisely positioned and anchored using measuring instruments and a positioning system to obtain the slope of the inclined plane and the coordinates of the borehole on the slope, laying the foundation for drilling operations on underwater slopes using engineering machinery. A tracked top hammer drill rig is used to alternately switch between drill rods and casing, and an alloy drill bit is used to impact the inclined plane at the drilling point, forming a certain range of opening platform. A casing drill bit is used to drill a guide hole at the platform, and an alloy drill bit is used to complete the hole construction within the guide hole. Pre-fabricated pilot holes provide a "footing" platform for drilling, significantly improving borehole success rate and construction efficiency in deep-water slope geological conditions, shortening construction period, and effectively saving construction costs. In deep-water slope geological conditions, using ordinary casing and drill bits, and switching between the casing and drill rod using clamps, requires no additional equipment or procedures, making it simple, fast, and efficient, with good potential for widespread adoption. The explosive charge is designed for each borehole, using Φ110mm long strip plastic explosive bags with vent holes for continuous loading. Electronic detonators are then deployed to detonate the explosive charge, forming a pre-constructed explosive column of a certain length. This effectively drains water from the borehole and mitigates the impact of buoyancy during underwater loading. Pre-processing of the explosive charge simplifies the underwater loading process, ensures continuous loading length, achieves the expected underwater blasting effect, and improves underwater blasting and slag removal efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an underwater rapid drilling and blasting construction device for deep-water inclined rock formations provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rapid hole-opening and drilling method in an underwater rapid drilling and blasting method for deep-water inclined rock strata provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a single-hole medicine bag provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Among them, 1. Drilling and blasting vessel and widened hull, 2. Anchor winch, 3. Air compressor, 4. Tracked top hammer drill rig, 5. Steel pipe, 6. Reserved hole position, 7. Positioning heavy anchor, 8. Φ90mm explosive cartridge, 9. Φ70mm explosive cartridge, 10. Detonator lead wire, 11. Explosive bag, 12. Electronic detonator, 13. Casing, 14. Alloy drill bit. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] This embodiment provides an underwater rapid drilling and blasting construction device for deep-water inclined rock formations, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 1 As shown, the vessel includes a drill-and-blast vessel 1. A widened platform is set on the right side of the drill-and-blast vessel, and two rows of holes are set on the widened platform, with the two rows of holes arranged at a spacing of 2×2m. The outer row of holes are reserved holes 6 for direct excavation on the deck, and the inner second row of holes passes through the hull. Welded steel pipes 5 are arranged on the holes as working channels for drill rods or casings. The drill-and-blast vessel 1 is equipped with an air compressor 3 and a crawler-type top hammer drill rig 4. Anchor winches 2 are set at the four corners of the drill-and-blast vessel, and positioning heavy anchors 7 are also installed.

[0040] To facilitate accurate positioning, a positioning system is also installed on the drilling and blasting vessel.

[0041] The tracked top hammer drilling rig can switch between drill rods and casing using a clamp, and use an alloy drill bit to impact the inclined surface at the drilling point to form a certain range of opening platform; then switch to casing, and use the tubular drill bit at the bottom of the casing to drill about 30cm into the platform to form a drilling guide hole; finally, use the alloy drill bit to complete the underwater drilling construction along the guide hole. By switching between drill rods and casing alternately using the clamp, a drilling guide hole is formed on a deep-water slope, and then the drill rod is driven to drill to the designed hole depth through the alloy drill bit, which greatly improves the drilling efficiency and drilling accuracy, and has good economic benefits.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] This embodiment provides a rapid underwater drilling and blasting method for deep-water inclined rock formations, specifically including:

[0044] Step 1: On-site processing and modification of the drilling and blasting vessel. The hull is widened on the side of the drilling rig to form a stable drilling platform. Based on the hole spacing (2×2m) parameters obtained from the underwater blasting test, i.e., the hole spacing between each row is 2m and the row spacing is 2m, the drilling positions are arranged on the side of the drilling rig. During the hull widening process, the first row of holes is reserved directly on the deck, and the second row of holes is arranged with welded steel pipes as the working channel for drill rods or casings.

[0045] Step 2: Use a total station to lay out the control points of the construction area, and control the boundary line of the construction area according to the coordinates of the control points. Number the cross-sections of the construction area sequentially. Arrange blast holes on each cross-section according to the design, and calculate the plane coordinates of the first and last holes in each row, which will serve as the basis for controlling the movement of the drill-and-blast vessel. The drill-and-blast vessel is positioned using the cross-section method. After the drill-and-blast vessel moves to the designated cross-section, it is positioned using two GPS receivers at the bow and stern. A four-cable positioning method is used to fix the drill-and-blast vessel on the water surface of the target drilling and blasting area, and a positioning anchor is lowered for reinforcement. Steel cables are used to fix the drill-and-blast vessel on the water surface of the target drilling and blasting area.

[0046] Step 3: Using measuring instruments and positioning systems, perform planar and elevation surveys of the drilling area to obtain the slope of the slope where the borehole is located and the coordinates of the borehole location, thereby determining the borehole location and depth.

[0047] Step 4: The drilling process utilizes air compressor 3 to provide power to the crawler-type top hammer drill rig. During the switching of drill rods and casings using a clamp, alloy drill bits and casing drill bits are installed on the drill rods and casing 13 of the crawler-type top hammer drill rig, respectively. The alloy drill bit diameter is 115mm, and the casing diameter is 145mm. The drilling process is shown in the attached diagram. Figure 2 As shown, to ensure borehole position and accuracy control and prevent slippage of the deep-water inclined plane borehole along the slope direction, an alloy drill bit 14 is first installed on the drill rod of the drilling rig. The alloy drill bit is driven to impact the inclined plane at the borehole location, breaking up the slope and forming a certain range of borehole platform. Using a clamp conversion, a casing drill bit is used to drill 30cm into the platform, forming a borehole guide hole. The alloy drill bit is then used to drill into the borehole guide hole to the preset depth, completing the underwater borehole construction. After drilling, high-pressure air is used to flush the hole. After flushing, the drill rod is raised, the hole depth is checked, and the drilling record is made.

[0048] Step 5: The charging process employs a one-hole-one-design approach, calculating the charge based on the rock strata thickness and drilling depth. To improve charging efficiency, single-hole charge packs are pre-fabricated according to the calculated charge amount for each hole, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 3As shown, the explosive cartridges have a diameter of Φ70-Φ90mm. A Φ110mm long strip plastic explosive bag 11 with vent holes is used for continuous loading. The bottom is reinforced with 2 to 5 sections of Φ90mm explosive cartridges 8, with the remainder being Φ70mm explosive cartridges 7. A detonating charge for one electronic detonator 12 is placed at the bottom and middle. After reaching the designed single-hole charge, the bags are tied together to form a pre-loaded explosive column of a certain length. The explosive bag has small vent holes to effectively drain water from the borehole, mitigating the buoyancy effect during loading. After borehole inspection, loading and backfilling of the borehole are immediately performed through a casing. After loading, the casing is removed. A special waterproof sheath is custom-made for the detonator lead 10 of the electronic detonator. After loading, it is tied to a floating object and fixed sequentially beside the deck to protect the network connector. The electronic detonator network connector is then fixed to a foam float on the water surface after being connected to the main line.

[0049] Step 6: After drilling and loading one row of holes, move the tracked top hammer drill rig to the next row of holes according to the row spacing, and continue drilling and loading until the entire blasting zone is completed. Stop the operation, protect the network card head, fix the foam float on the water surface after the electronic detonator network card head is connected to the main line, connect the detonation network, move the drill and blast vessel to a safe area, and after confirming that all ship machinery and personnel are in the safe area, issue a warning and detonate.

[0050] As can be seen, the method provided in this embodiment allows the processed drill-and-blast vessel to complete the operation of two rows of 16 holes in one blasting area in a single operation through pre-drilled holes. This includes drilling, charging, and blasting, reducing the steps of moving and positioning the drill-and-blast vessel and improving efficiency. Furthermore, the specially designed inclined drilling method achieves precise drilling. Additionally, each hole is designed individually, calculating the charge per hole, and pre-processing the charge bag with vent holes for direct charging. This overcomes the challenges of high buoyancy in underwater holes, making charging difficult and incomplete, thus ensuring the quality of the charge.

[0051] Although the present invention has been described herein with reference to illustrative embodiments, the above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the implementation of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can devise many other modifications and implementations, which will fall within the scope and spirit of the principles disclosed in this application.

Claims

1. A rapid underwater drilling and blasting method for deep-water inclined rock strata, characterized in that: A rapid underwater drilling and blasting construction device for deep-water inclined rock strata was adopted. The device includes a drilling and blasting vessel with a widened platform on one side. Two rows of drill holes are set on the widened platform. The outer row of holes are reserved holes for direct excavation on the deck, and the inner second row of holes passes through the hull. Welded steel pipes are arranged on the holes as working channels for drill rods or casings. The drilling and blasting vessel is equipped with a tracked top hammer drill rig and its matching air compressor. Positioning anchors are set at the four corners of the drilling and blasting vessel, and the drilling and blasting vessel device is equipped with positioning heavy anchors. The two rows of holes are arranged with a spacing of 2×2m between each row; The tracked top hammer drill can move on the drilling and blasting vessel according to the hole position and use clamps to switch drill rods and casings; And specifically includes: Step 1: Move the drill and blast vessel to the construction area, accurately position the drill and blast vessel, and fix its position using an anchor winch and a positioning heavy anchor; Step 2: Using measuring instruments and positioning systems, perform planar and elevation surveys of the drilling area to obtain the slope and extent of the inclined plane where the borehole is located, and determine the location and depth of the borehole. Step 3: Drilling is performed using a tracked top hammer drill rig. The drill rod and casing are switched using a clamp. Alloy drill bits and casing drill bits are installed on the drill rod and casing of the tracked top hammer drill rig, respectively. To ensure borehole position and accuracy control and prevent slippage along the slope direction when opening the borehole in deep water, an alloy drill bit is first installed on the drill rod. The drill rod alloy drill bit is driven to impact the borehole point on the slope, breaking up the slope and forming a certain range of opening platform. Using a clamp, a casing drill bit is used to drill 30cm into the platform, forming a borehole guide hole. An alloy drill bit is then used to drill into the borehole guide hole to the preset depth, completing the underwater borehole construction. Step 4: The explosive loading adopts a one-hole-one-design. The explosive loading is calculated based on the thickness of the rock strata and the drilling depth. The prepared single-hole explosive pack is inserted into the borehole using a casing and then plugged and backfilled. After loading, the casing is pulled out. The lead wire of the electronic detonator inside the single-hole explosive pack is fitted with a special waterproof sleeve. After loading, it is tied to the floating object and fixed in sequence next to the deck to protect the network connector. After the electronic detonator network connector is connected to the main line, it is fixed to the foam float on the water surface. Step 5: After drilling and loading one row of holes, move the tracked top hammer drill rig to the next row of holes according to the row spacing, until the entire blasting area is completed. Stop the operation, protect the network card head, fix the foam float on the water surface after the electronic detonator network card head is connected to the main line, connect the detonation network, move the drill and blast vessel to a safe area, and after confirming that all ship machinery and equipment and personnel are in the safe area, issue a warning and detonate. In step 4, the single-hole explosive charge consists of multiple explosive rolls with a diameter of Φ70~Φ90mm. It uses a long plastic bag with a diameter of Φ110mm and an air vent. The bottom of the plastic bag is reinforced with 2 to 5 sections of Φ90mm explosive rolls, and the remainder is Φ70mm explosive rolls. An electronic detonator is placed at the bottom and the middle to process the explosive charge. After the designed single-hole explosive charge is reached, it is tied together to form a pre-charged explosive column of a certain length. The air vent in the explosive bag can effectively drain the water accumulated in the borehole and solve the problem of buoyancy during the loading process in water.

2. The underwater rapid drilling and blasting method for deep-water inclined rock strata according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the drilling and blasting vessel is precisely positioned, specifically: The control points of the construction area are laid out using a total station, and the boundary line of the construction area is controlled according to the coordinates of the control points. The cross-section stationing of the construction area is assigned in sequence, and the blast holes are arranged according to the design on each cross section. The plane coordinates of the first and last holes in each row are calculated as the basis for controlling the movement of the drilling and blasting vessel. The positioning of the drilling and blasting vessel adopts the cross-section method. After the drilling and blasting vessel moves to the designated cross section, it is positioned using two GPS receivers at the bow and stern.

3. The underwater rapid drilling and blasting construction method for deep-water inclined rock strata according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 1, the position of the drilling and blasting vessel is fixed using an anchor winch and a positioning heavy anchor. The four-cable positioning method is used to fix the drilling and blasting vessel on the water surface of the drilling and blasting target area using an anchor winch, and the positioning heavy anchor is lowered to reinforce the fixation.

4. The underwater rapid drilling and blasting method for deep-water inclined rock strata according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 3, the diameter of the alloy drill bit is 115mm and the diameter of the casing is 145mm.

5. The underwater rapid drilling and blasting construction method for deep-water inclined rock strata according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 3, after drilling is completed, high-pressure air is used to clean the hole. After cleaning, the drill rod is raised, the hole depth is checked, and the drilling record is made.

6. The underwater rapid drilling and blasting method for deep-water inclined rock strata according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drilling and blasting vessel is also equipped with a positioning system for precise location of the vessel.

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