A method, system and electronic equipment for extracting the dip angle of a seismic profile

Abstract

The purpose of this invention is to provide a method, system, and electronic device for extracting seismic profile dip angles, relating to the field of seismic exploration and development technology. The method includes: performing a Hilbert transform on seismic imaging profile data to obtain Hilbert-transformed seismic imaging profile data; determining the vertical single-delay correlation function value of the area to be measured as a vertical single-delay phase based on the Hilbert-transformed seismic imaging profile data; determining the horizontal single-delay correlation function value of the area to be measured as a horizontal single-delay phase based on the Hilbert-transformed seismic imaging profile data; and determining the dip angle of the strata in the area to be measured based on the vertical and horizontal single-delay phases. This invention calculates the dip angle of strata based on Hilbert-transformed seismic imaging profile data, which can improve the accuracy and efficiency of seismic profile dip angle extraction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seismic exploration and development technology, and in particular to a method, system and electronic equipment for extracting the dip angle of a seismic profile. Background Technology

[0002] Seismic images contain information about geological structures, including faults, fractures, reflection coefficients, and hydrocarbon channels. Seismic slope, as a key seismic property, plays a crucial role in geophysical processing and interpretation. Within the seismological field, local slope properties are widely used in various applications, particularly in plane interpretation, noise suppression, seismic data interpolation, wavefield separation, and constrained seismic imaging. Currently, methods for calculating local dip angles associated with seismic imaging profiles or velocity models include, but are not limited to, coherent scanning methods, structure tensor (ST) methods, plane wave destruction (PWD) methods, principal component analysis methods, and artificial intelligence-based computational methods. Estimation of stratigraphic dip angles remains a hot research area, reflecting the ongoing pursuit of refined methods. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method, system, and electronic device for extracting the dip angle of seismic profiles, which can improve the accuracy and efficiency of extracting the dip angle of seismic profiles.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0005] A method for extracting the dip angle of a seismic profile includes:

[0006] Acquire seismic imaging profile data of the area to be measured;

[0007] The seismic imaging profile data is subjected to Hilbert transform processing to obtain seismic imaging profile data after Hilbert transform processing;

[0008] Based on the seismic imaging profile data processed by Hilbert transform, the single-delay correlation function value along the vertical direction of the area to be measured is determined to be the vertical single-delay phase.

[0009] Based on the seismic imaging profile data processed by Hilbert transform, the single-delay correlation function value along the horizontal direction of the area to be measured is determined to be a horizontal single-delay phase.

[0010] The dip angle of the strata in the area to be measured is determined based on the vertical single-delay phase and the horizontal single-delay phase.

[0011] Optionally, the vertical single-delay phase is:

[0012] Among them, c z It is a vertical single-delay phase; n xTo select the number of samples in the horizontal direction within the window; n z The number of vertical sample points selected within the window; i is the vertical sample point index; j is the horizontal sample point index; d h (i,j) represents the seismic imaging profile data after Hilbert transform processing; The conjugate function of seismic imaging profile data after Hilbert transform processing.

[0013] Optionally, the horizontal single-delay phase is:

[0014]

[0015] Among them, c x It is a horizontal single-delay phase.

[0016] Optionally, the dip angle of the formation is:

[0017]

[0018] Where θ is the dip angle of the formation; φ is the phase angle.

[0019] A seismic profile dip angle extraction system includes:

[0020] The seismic imaging profile data acquisition module is used to acquire seismic imaging profile data of the area to be measured.

[0021] The Hilbert transform module is used to perform Hilbert transform processing on the seismic imaging profile data to obtain Hilbert-transformed seismic imaging profile data.

[0022] The vertical single-delay phase determination module is used to determine the vertical single-delay correlation function value of the area to be measured as the vertical single-delay phase based on the seismic imaging profile data processed by Hilbert transform.

[0023] The horizontal single-delay phase determination module is used to determine the horizontal single-delay correlation function value of the area to be measured as the horizontal single-delay phase based on the seismic imaging profile data processed by Hilbert transform.

[0024] The formation dip angle determination module is used to determine the formation dip angle of the area to be measured based on the vertical single-delay phase and the horizontal single-delay phase.

[0025] An electronic device includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, and the processor running the computer program to enable the electronic device to perform the seismic profile dip angle extraction method.

[0026] Optionally, the memory is a readable storage medium.

[0027] According to specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0028] This invention provides a method, system, and electronic device for extracting seismic profile dip angles, deriving local dip values ​​of individual pixels or voxels from two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) seismic profiles. Compared to existing methods, the seismic profile dip angle extraction method exhibits remarkable efficiency, exceeding the computational speed of the established ST method by approximately 100 times in the 3D case. This simultaneous improvement in dip angle accuracy is accompanied by a dramatic reduction in processing time. Furthermore, the OLC method demonstrates better noise resistance, thereby enhancing its robustness under challenging data conditions. Therefore, this method represents a comprehensive advancement not only in computational convenience but also in enhancing dip angle estimation accuracy and noise resilience. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the seismic profile dip angle extraction method in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a plane harmonic wave calculation example in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This illustrates the principle of the seismic profile dip angle extraction method in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating numerical calculations of different strata dip angles in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the SEAMII model calculation example in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a comparison chart of the angle estimated by the SEAMII model in Embodiment 1 of the present invention and the angle estimated by the traditional three-dimensional ST method. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method, system, and electronic device for extracting the dip angle of seismic profiles, which can improve the accuracy and efficiency of extracting the dip angle of seismic profiles.

[0038] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for extracting the dip angle of a seismic profile, including:

[0041] Step 101: Obtain seismic imaging profile data of the area to be measured.

[0042] Step 102: Perform Hilbert transform on the seismic imaging profile data to obtain the seismic imaging profile data after Hilbert transform.

[0043] Step 103: Based on the seismic imaging profile data processed by Hilbert transform, determine the vertical single-delay correlation function value of the area to be measured as the vertical single-delay phase.

[0044] Step 104: Based on the seismic imaging profile data processed by Hilbert transform, determine the horizontal single-delay correlation function value of the area to be measured as a horizontal single-delay phase.

[0045] Step 105: Determine the dip angle of the strata in the area to be measured based on the vertical single-delay phase and the horizontal single-delay phase.

[0046] The vertical single-delay phase is:

[0047] Among them, c z It is a vertical single-delay phase; n x To select the number of samples in the horizontal direction within the window; n z The number of vertical sample points selected within the window; i is the vertical sample point index; j is the horizontal sample point index; d h (i, j) represents the seismic imaging profile data after Hilbert transform processing; The conjugate function of seismic imaging profile data after Hilbert transform processing.

[0048] The horizontal single-phase delay is:

[0049]

[0050] Among them, c x It is a horizontal single-delay phase.

[0051] The dip angle of the strata is:

[0052]

[0053] Where θ is the dip angle of the formation, and φ is the phase angle.

[0054] Assume that the data f(z, x) consists of a single harmonic plane wave, as shown in formula (1):

[0055] f(z, x) = A(z, x)e jk(cosθz+sinθx) (1).

[0056] Where A(z, x) is the amplitude, k is the wave number, and θ is the desired angle, which can be obtained using the following formula:

[0057]

[0058] Among them, f * It is the conjugate of function f, c = f·f * Defined as a single-delay correlation operation (OLC), φ is a complex phase angle, defined as... Equation (2) can be proved through the following process:

[0059] φ{f(iz,ix)f * (iz,ix+1)}=φ{A(iz,ix)A(iz,ix+1)e -jksinθ}=-ksinθ (3).

[0060] φ{f(iz,ix)f * (iz+1, ix)}=φ{A(iz, ix)A(iz+1, ix)e -jkcosθ}=-kcosθ (4).

[0061] therefore:

[0062] Figure 2 It is a simple harmonic plane wave with a tilt angle of 45 degrees. The tilt angle of the plane wave can be estimated using equation (5). Figure 2 As indicated by the middle arrow.

[0063] In two-dimensional space, a stratum f(z, x) with a dip angle of θ can be represented as the sum of simple harmonic plane waves:

[0064]

[0065] In the formula, A n It is the amplitude of the nth simple harmonic wave, k n It is the wavenumber component of the nth simple harmonic wave, N k It is the number of simple harmonic waves. and These are the horizontal and vertical components of the wavenumber vector, and their average value can be expressed as:

[0066]

[0067]

[0068] Therefore, the final dip angle of the strata can be expressed as:

[0069]

[0070] Extending from the two-dimensional case to the three-dimensional case is quite straightforward. For the 3D case, the tilt angle calculated according to Equation 9 will be the angular component in the OXZ plane, while the other components in the OYZ plane can be used.

[0071]

[0072] in, It is the average wavenumber in the Y direction.

[0073] like Figure 3 As shown, for a given two-dimensional array d(n) z n x The dip angle of a formation can be calculated using the following steps.

[0074] For input data d(n) z n x Perform a Hilbert transform along the depth direction. The input data here represents the seismic imaging profile, specifically the reflection coefficients of the subsurface strata: a two-dimensional array d(n) z n x The image profile obtained from processing previous seismic data is used as the input signal in this invention. This array contains subsurface structural information, specifically the reflection coefficients of subsurface strata.

[0075] d h (n z n x )=H{d(n z n x )} (11).

[0076] In the formula, H represents the Hilbert transform along the vertical direction, which aims to remove the negative wavenumber components in the wavenumber spectrum.

[0077] First, calculate d. h The conjugate function of (i, j) is then used to calculate the single-delay correlation function c along the vertical direction. z :d h (i, j) is obtained from equation (11), which is the Hilbert transform along the depth direction. The asterisk in the diagram represents the conjugate operation.

[0078]

[0079] In the formula, d h (i, j) is the discrete representation of the result after the Hilbert transform calculated in Formula 11, where the asterisk represents d. h The conjugate function of (i, j). The purpose of this step is to extract the vertical wavenumber component.

[0080] Calculate the single-delay correlation function c along the horizontal direction. x :

[0081]

[0082] In the formula, d h (i, j) is the discrete representation of the result after the Hilbert transformation calculated in equation (11), and the asterisk represents d. h The conjugate function of (i, j) differs from that in equation (13) in that the related operation here is performed along the horizontal direction. The purpose of this step is to extract the horizontal wavenumber component.

[0083] The dip angle of the formation can be calculated using the following formula:

[0084]

[0085] In Equation 14, φ is the phase angle of a complex number, defined as follows: c x and c z The single-delay correlation function obtained in equations (13) and (13) is given. The local dip value is the local stratum dip angle. φ represents the phase of a complex number, which can be found in equation (2).

[0086] Figure 4Numerical examples of dip angles for different formations are presented, with dip angles ranging from 30 degrees, 40 degrees, 50 degrees, 60 degrees, 70 degrees, and 80 degrees from right to left. The arrows represent the angles estimated by this invention and the angles obtained using the traditional ST method. The comparison shows that the method of this invention has advantages over the traditional method, namely, more accurate dip angle estimation.

[0087] This invention is applicable to the accurate estimation of stratigraphic dip angles in two-dimensional and three-dimensional imaging volumes, and can serve as a replacement for similar modules. The main innovations include:

[0088] (1) Both the OLC and ST methods produced highly accurate dip estimates for noiseless events with dip angles less than 60 degrees. However, as the dip angle increased to 70 degrees, the accuracy of the ST method decreased, while the OLC method maintained high accuracy. In formations with an angle of 80 degrees, where significant numerical aliasing occurred due to undersampling, the ST method exhibited large errors, while the OLC method could accurately calculate the slope.

[0089] (2) The accuracy of both the OLC and ST methods decreases in the presence of noise. However, for tilt angles less than 60 degrees, the slopes estimated by the two methods remain similar. Both methods show errors for 70-degree and 80-degree events, but the OLC method consistently outperforms the ST method, meaning the OLC method is more robust to noise.

[0090] (3) In terms of computational efficiency, the ST method takes about ten times longer than the OLC method in two dimensions, while OLC is 100 times faster than the ST method in three dimensions.

[0091] These are all advantageous characteristics of the OLC method, including its accuracy, computational efficiency, and noise resistance, making it a promising dip estimation method in seismic data analysis.

[0092] The test data used was “SEAM Phase 1: Explaining Challenge I - In-Depth”, which is publicly available and downloadable from the SEG official website (https: / / wiki.seg.org / wiki / Open_data). Figure 5 A cross-section of the RTM image obtained from this data is shown. For display purposes, the input image size has been reduced to 501×752×501, and only a portion of the results are displayed. Comparison reveals that the results of this invention are more accurate.

[0093] Figure 5 These are stratigraphic dip maps obtained using two different methods, based on... Figure 6The observed results show that the 3D OLC method is more accurate than the 3DST method, especially in steep slope regions where the X-index is 180. Overall, the 3D OLC method produces the best results and is approximately 100 times faster than the 3D ST method (ST: 607.7 s, OLC: 6.04 s). These observations highlight the superior accuracy and noise resistance of the 3D OLC method compared to other techniques, making it an attractive option for dip estimation in seismic data analysis.

[0094] Example 2

[0095] In order to perform the method corresponding to Embodiment 1 above and achieve the corresponding functions and technical effects, a seismic profile dip angle extraction system is provided below, including:

[0096] The seismic imaging profile data acquisition module is used to acquire seismic imaging profile data of the area to be measured.

[0097] The Hilbert transform module is used to perform Hilbert transform processing on seismic imaging profile data to obtain Hilbert-transformed seismic imaging profile data.

[0098] The vertical single-delay phase determination module is used to determine the vertical single-delay correlation function value of the area to be measured as the vertical single-delay phase based on the seismic imaging profile data processed by Hilbert transform.

[0099] The horizontal single-delay phase determination module is used to determine the horizontal single-delay correlation function value of the area to be measured as the horizontal single-delay phase based on the seismic imaging profile data processed by Hilbert transform.

[0100] The stratigraphic dip angle determination module is used to determine the stratigraphic dip angle of the area to be measured based on the vertical single-delay phase and the horizontal single-delay phase.

[0101] Example 3

[0102] This embodiment provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor runs the computer program to enable the electronic device to execute the seismic profile dip angle extraction method described in Embodiment 1. The memory is a readable storage medium.

[0103] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the systems disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the descriptions are relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the method section.

[0104] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for extracting the dip angle of a seismic profile, characterized in that, include: Acquire seismic imaging profile data of the area to be measured; The seismic imaging profile data is subjected to Hilbert transform processing to obtain seismic imaging profile data after Hilbert transform processing; Based on the seismic imaging profile data processed by Hilbert transform, the single-delay correlation function value along the vertical direction of the area to be measured is determined to be the vertical single-delay phase; the single-delay correlation function includes: the calculation formula for the vertical single-delay phase and the calculation formula for the horizontal single-delay phase; The formula for calculating the vertical single-delay phase is as follows: ； in, It is a vertical single-delay phase; To select the number of sample points in the horizontal direction within the window; The number of vertical sample points selected within the window; i is the vertical sample point index; j is the horizontal sample point index; Seismic imaging profile data after Hilbert transform processing; Represents seismic imaging profile data after Hilbert transform processing. The conjugate function; The formula for calculating the horizontal single-delay phase is as follows: ； in, It is a horizontal single-delay phase; Represents seismic imaging profile data after Hilbert transform processing. The conjugate function; Based on the seismic imaging profile data processed by Hilbert transform, the single-delay correlation function value along the horizontal direction of the area to be measured is determined to be a horizontal single-delay phase. The dip angle of the strata in the area to be measured is determined based on the vertical single-delay phase and the horizontal single-delay phase.

2. The method for extracting the dip angle of a seismic profile according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dip angle of the strata is: ； in, The dip angle of the strata; This indicates the calculation of the phase angle of a complex number.

3. A seismic profile dip angle extraction system, characterized in that, include: The seismic imaging profile data acquisition module is used to acquire seismic imaging profile data of the area to be measured. The Hilbert transform module is used to perform Hilbert transform processing on the seismic imaging profile data to obtain Hilbert-transformed seismic imaging profile data. The vertical single-delay phase determination module is used to determine the vertical single-delay correlation function value of the area to be measured as the vertical single-delay phase based on the seismic imaging profile data processed by Hilbert transform; the single-delay correlation function includes: the calculation formula for the vertical single-delay phase and the calculation formula for the horizontal single-delay phase; The formula for calculating the vertical single-delay phase is as follows: ； in, It is a vertical single-delay phase; To select the number of sample points in the horizontal direction within the window; The number of vertical sample points selected within the window; i is the vertical sample point index; j is the horizontal sample point index; Seismic imaging profile data after Hilbert transform processing; Represents seismic imaging profile data after Hilbert transform processing. The conjugate function; The formula for calculating the horizontal single-delay phase is as follows: ； in, It is a horizontal single-delay phase; Represents seismic imaging profile data after Hilbert transform processing. The conjugate function; The horizontal single-delay phase determination module is used to determine the horizontal single-delay correlation function value of the area to be measured as the horizontal single-delay phase based on the seismic imaging profile data processed by Hilbert transform. The formation dip angle determination module is used to determine the formation dip angle of the area to be measured based on the vertical single-delay phase and the horizontal single-delay phase.

4. An electronic device, characterized in that, The device includes a memory and a processor, the memory being used to store a computer program, and the processor running the computer program to cause the electronic device to perform a seismic profile dip angle extraction method according to any one of claims 1 to 2.

5. An electronic device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The memory is a readable storage medium.

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