Electrochromic battery based on thermal radiation regulation and energy storage of lithium deintercalation and manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of electrochromic battery based on lithium extraction and embedding heat radiation regulation and energy storage, conductive electrode and electrochromic layer are sequentially prepared on infrared transparent substrate by magnetron sputtering method, electrolyte, diaphragm and positive plate are added to assemble complete device;By electric control lithium extraction and embedding, electrochromic layer phase transition between semiconductor state and metal state occurs: initial state (before lithium insertion), device is high emissivity (0.75-0.81) at 8-13 μm, lithium ion enters negative electrode from positive electrode at constant current charging device, the thickness of electrochromic layer changes and changes from semiconductor state to metal state alloy, intrinsic optical property changes, 8-13 μm infrared low emission (0.21-0.45), regulation range is 0.3-0.6.At the same time, the color of the device changes during lithium extraction and embedding process.Because the device has complete battery structure, the process of charging and discharging lithium extraction and embedding is also the process of energy storage and release, and has higher capacity (0.05-0.35 mAh / cm 2 ), can realize heat management while regulating emissivity and provide energy for other equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of electrochromic devices, and particularly relates to an electrochromic battery based on lithium insertion / extraction for thermal radiation regulation and energy storage, and its manufacturing method. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the importance of energy conservation and emission reduction has become increasingly prominent, and promoting energy conservation and consumption reduction has gradually become a consensus. As one of the world's largest energy-consuming sectors, building energy has attracted widespread attention from researchers, particularly in the creation of net-zero energy buildings. Radiative thermal control technology regulates temperature by controlling the absorption of solar heat by objects and the intensity of heat radiation into deep space, providing an effective path to reduce building thermal management energy consumption. Meanwhile, the operation of various electrical devices within buildings also requires an electrical supply, which still faces challenges, especially during periods of high power supply pressure and power outages. Electrochromic infrared emissivity devices can regulate infrared emissivity through the action of an electric field, offering advantages such as flexible control, simple structure, and excellent performance. Furthermore, electrochromic battery devices share similar device structures, active material types, and electrochemical reaction principles with batteries. Therefore, the functions of electrochromism and energy storage can be integrated, achieving energy recovery while regulating emissivity and color change, further reducing energy consumption.

[0003] There are currently some studies on electrochromic emissivity and electrochromic batteries. For example, CN116339025A describes a transparent electrochromic infrared emissivity device that utilizes electrochemical electron injection and extraction to enhance and weaken the local surface plasmon resonance absorption peak, thereby controlling the infrared emissivity of doped zinc oxide nanocrystals. Its infrared emissivity control range is 0.1–0.6 in the 8–14 μm range, but it only possesses emissivity control capabilities and cannot store energy. CN114464798A describes an electrochromic battery that appears black when fully charged, gradually fading during discharge and turning light brown after discharge. It also functions as an energy storage battery, allowing real-time monitoring of energy storage status. CN106886115A describes a metal / polyaniline electrochromic battery that transitions between green and transparent states through a polyaniline reduction reaction accompanied by anion dedoping. However, most research on electrochromic batteries focuses on color changes in the visible band or emissivity regulation in the near-infrared band. Currently, there is relatively little research on combining mid-infrared (8-13μm) emissivity regulation with energy storage to prepare electrochromic batteries that have both dynamic thermal regulation and energy storage functions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an electrochromic battery based on lithium insertion / extraction for thermal radiation regulation and energy storage, and its manufacturing method. By performing lithium insertion / extraction on the electrochromic layer through charging and discharging, the amplitude of infrared emissivity in the 8-13μm band (0.3-0.6) and color change in the visible band can be achieved. At the same time, it has a complete battery structure and also has battery energy storage function.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] An electrochromic battery based on lithium insertion / extraction for thermal radiation regulation and energy storage includes: an infrared transparent substrate, a conductive electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, a separator, an electrolyte, and a positive electrode sheet stacked sequentially.

[0007] The conductive electrode layer includes a first metal layer, a conductive metal layer, and a second metal layer, which are sequentially deposited on the infrared transparent substrate; wherein, the first metal layer and the second metal layer are used to improve adhesion.

[0008] The electrochromic layer is deposited at the center of the conductive electrode layer by magnetron sputtering. The electrochromic layer is made of any material selected from carbon, silicon, germanium, and tin, and is used to achieve lithium insertion / extraction with accompanying volume change.

[0009] Before lithium insertion, the emissivity of the electrochromic battery in the 8–13 μm band is between 0.75 and 0.81. When charged with a constant current, lithium ions enter the negative electrode from the positive electrode, changing the thickness of the electrochromic layer and causing the electrochromic layer to change from a semiconductor state to a metallic state. After this, the emissivity of the electrochromic battery in the 8–13 μm band is between 0.21 and 0.45. This achieves energy storage and release while simultaneously de-inserting lithium.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the areal capacity of the electrochromic battery ranges from 0.05 to 0.35 mAh / cm². 2 .

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the conductive electrode layer is between 2 and 20 nm, and the thickness of the electrochromic layer is between 10 and 500 nm.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the infrared transparent substrate is made of any one of barium fluoride, zinc selenide, zinc sulfide, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium bromide, and polyethylene.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first metal layer and the second metal layer of the conductive electrode layer are made of chromium or titanium, and the conductive metal layer is made of any one of platinum, copper, silver and aluminum.

[0014] A method for fabricating an electrochromic battery based on lithium insertion / extraction for thermal radiation regulation and energy storage includes:

[0015] A conductive electrode layer is formed by sequentially depositing a first metal layer, a conductive metal layer, and a second metal layer that improves adhesion on an infrared transparent substrate via magnetron sputtering.

[0016] The electrode material at the four edges of the conductive electrode layer is blocked, and an electrochromic layer is deposited in the center of the conductive electrode layer by magnetron sputtering to obtain a semi-finished product.

[0017] Conductive adhesive is used to extend a section of electrode from the edge electrode layer and the edge of the positive electrode sheet of the semi-finished product for subsequent charging and discharging of the device. Electrolyte is dropped onto the surface of the semi-finished product, and a separator is covered to ensure that the electrolyte fully wets the surface of the semi-finished product. Electrolyte is dropped onto the separator again, and the positive electrode sheet is covered and sealed with glue to obtain an electrochromic battery device.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the present invention, when depositing a conductive electrode layer on an infrared transparent substrate by magnetron sputtering, the magnetron sputtering deposition process of the first metal layer and the second metal layer is as follows: power of 50-200W, sputtering pressure of 0.1-5Pa, and argon beam current of 10-60sccm; the magnetron sputtering deposition process of the conductive metal layer is as follows: power of 20-200W, sputtering pressure of 0.3-4Pa, and argon beam current of 10-60sccm.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the present invention, when depositing an electrochromic layer on a conductive electrode layer by magnetron sputtering, the magnetron sputtering deposition process is as follows: power of 50-200W, sputtering pressure of 0.8-2Pa, and argon beam current of 10-60sccm.

[0020] Because of the above technical solutions, this invention has the following advantages and positive effects compared with the prior art:

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, a thermochromic battery based on lithium insertion / extraction for thermal radiation regulation and energy storage is disclosed. Conductive electrodes and an electrochromic layer are sequentially fabricated on an infrared transparent substrate using magnetron sputtering. An electrolyte, separator, and positive electrode are then added to assemble a complete device. Electrochemical regulation of lithium insertion / extraction causes a phase transition in the electrochromic layer between a semiconductor and a metallic state. In the initial state (before lithium insertion), the device exhibits high emissivity (0.75–0.81) at 8–13 μm. When the device is charged with a constant current, lithium ions move from the positive electrode to the negative electrode, changing the thickness of the electrochromic layer and transforming it from a semiconductor to a metallic alloy. This alters the intrinsic optical properties, resulting in low infrared emissivity (0.21–0.45) at 8–13 μm, with a regulation range of 0.3–0.6. Simultaneously, the device's color changes during the lithium insertion / extraction process. Furthermore, because the device possesses a complete battery structure, the charging / discharging process simultaneously stores and releases energy, exhibiting high capacity. It can provide power to other devices while simultaneously achieving thermal management through emissivity regulation. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an electrochromic battery structure based on lithium insertion / extraction for thermal radiation regulation and energy storage in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a constant current charge-discharge curve of an electrochromic battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a test diagram of the charge-discharge cycle performance of an electrochromic battery in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is an image showing an electrochromic battery illuminating a sign according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0027] 1: Infrared transparent substrate; 2: Conductive electrode layer; 3: Electrochromic layer; 4: Separator; 5: Electrolyte; 6: Positive electrode. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, provides a further detailed account of the electrochromic battery based on lithium insertion / extraction for thermal radiation regulation and energy storage, as well as its fabrication method. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description and claims.

[0029] Please refer to Figure 1 This embodiment provides an electrochromic battery based on lithium insertion / extraction thermal radiation regulation and energy storage, comprising: an infrared transparent substrate 1, a conductive electrode layer 2, an electrochromic layer 3, a separator 4, an electrolyte 5, and a positive electrode 6 stacked sequentially.

[0030] The infrared transparent substrate is made of any one of the following materials: barium fluoride, zinc selenide, zinc sulfide, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium bromide, or polyethylene.

[0031] The conductive electrode layer 2 includes a first metal layer, a conductive metal layer, and a second metal layer, which are sequentially deposited on the infrared transparent substrate 1. The first and second metal layers are used to improve adhesion. The first and second metal layers of the conductive electrode layer are made of chromium or titanium, and the conductive metal layer is made of any one of platinum, copper, silver, or aluminum. The thickness of the conductive electrode layer is between 2 and 20 nm.

[0032] The electrochromic layer 3 is deposited on the center of the conductive electrode layer 2 by magnetron sputtering. The electrochromic layer 3 is made of any material among carbon, silicon, germanium and tin. The thickness of the electrochromic layer is between 10 and 500 nm, which can realize lithium insertion and extraction and accompanied by volume change.

[0033] The positive electrode 6 uses lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4), lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), and ternary nickel-cobalt-manganese (LiNi) alloys. x Co y Mn z The positive electrode of a lithium battery is any one of O2 or other types, the electrolyte 5 is a lithium battery electrolyte that matches the positive electrode used, and the separator 4 is any one of a variety of commercially available lithium battery separators.

[0034] Before lithium intercalation, the infrared emissivity of the electrochromic battery in the 8–13 μm band is between 0.75 and 0.81. When charged with a constant current, lithium ions move from the positive electrode to the negative electrode, changing the thickness of the electrochromic layer and causing it to change from a semiconductor state to a metallic state (after full charging and lithium intercalation), the infrared emissivity of the electrochromic battery in the 8–13 μm band is between 0.21 and 0.45. Therefore, the range of infrared emissivity regulation before and after lithium intercalation is 0.3–0.6.

[0035] Because this electrochromic battery possesses a complete battery structure, the charging, discharging, and de-intercalation processes are simultaneously energy storage and release processes, and it has a high capacity. Please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The areal capacity of this electrochromic battery ranges from 0.05 to 0.35 mAh / cm³ during charge and discharge. 2 It also exhibits good stability. It can provide power to other devices, such as [devices], while simultaneously achieving thermal management through emissivity regulation, for example... Figure 4 As shown, the electrochromic battery can output voltage to light up the sign.

[0036] In summary, this electrochromic battery based on lithium insertion / extraction thermal radiation regulation and energy storage possesses multiple functions, including infrared emissivity regulation, visible color change, and energy storage, achieving an organic integration of electrochromic technology and energy storage technology. It has a simple structure, uses readily available materials, is low in cost, and can be mass-produced.

[0037] The following are some specific examples illustrating the manufacturing method of the above-mentioned electrochromic battery:

[0038] Example 1

[0039] The electrochromic battery device for thermal radiation regulation and energy storage in this embodiment includes a barium fluoride substrate, a Cr / Pt / Cr conductive electrode layer, a Si electrochromic layer, a lithium iron phosphate electrolyte, a Celgard 2325 separator, and a lithium iron phosphate positive electrode. Specifically, the Cr layer has a thickness of 5 nm, the Pt layer has a thickness of 3 nm, and the Si layer has a thickness of 150 nm.

[0040] First, a conductive electrode layer 2 is prepared: Cr is deposited on a barium fluoride substrate (1) by magnetron sputtering with a sputtering power of 100W, a sputtering pressure of 0.5Pa, and an argon beam of 60sccm; then Pt is deposited with a sputtering power of 60W, a sputtering pressure of 0.8Pa, and an argon beam of 60sccm; finally, another layer of Cr is deposited to obtain the conductive electrode layer.

[0041] Next, an electrochromic layer 3 was prepared, with electrode material left at the edges. Si was deposited on the conductive electrode layer 2 obtained above by magnetron sputtering at the center of the sample. The sputtering power was 100W, the sputtering pressure was 1Pa, the argon beam current was 60sccm, and a 150nm Si electrochromic layer was deposited by sputtering.

[0042] Then, the electrochromic device is assembled. Conductive adhesive is used to extend a section of electrode from the edge electrode layer film prepared in the previous steps and from the edge of the purchased lithium iron phosphate positive electrode sheet for subsequent charging and discharging of the device. Electrolyte is dropped onto the surface of the Si electrochromic layer, and a separator is placed over it, ensuring the electrolyte fully wets the sample surface. Electrolyte is then dropped onto the separator, and the positive electrode sheet is placed over it. The device is then sealed with adhesive to obtain the electrochromic battery device. (50 μA / cm) 2 The current density is used to charge and discharge the device at a constant current to 3.7V (2.4V) for lithium insertion (deintercalation).

[0043] The electrochromic battery device prepared in this embodiment has an emissivity of 0.81 in the 8–13 μm band before lithium insertion and 0.25 in the 8–13 μm band after full charging and lithium insertion, with a modulation range of 0.56; the battery surface capacity is approximately 0.33 mAh / cm². 2 .

[0044] Example 2:

[0045] The film structure and preparation method of the electrochromic battery device with thermal radiation regulation and energy storage in this embodiment are basically the same as those in Example 1. The main difference is that the infrared transparent substrate is a polyethylene (PE) film.

[0046] First, a conductive electrode layer 2 is prepared: Cr is deposited on a PE substrate (1) by magnetron sputtering with a sputtering power of 100W, a sputtering pressure of 0.5Pa, and an argon beam of 60sccm; then Pt is deposited with a sputtering power of 60W, a sputtering pressure of 0.8Pa, and an argon beam of 60sccm; finally, another layer of Cr is deposited to obtain the conductive electrode layer.

[0047] Next, an electrochromic layer 3 was prepared, with electrode material left at the edges. Si was deposited on the conductive electrode layer 2 obtained above by magnetron sputtering at the center of the sample. The sputtering power was 100W, the sputtering pressure was 1Pa, the argon beam current was 60sccm, and a 150nm Si electrochromic layer was deposited by sputtering.

[0048] Then, the electrochromic device is assembled. Conductive adhesive is used to extend a section of electrode from the edge electrode layer film prepared in the previous steps and from the edge of the purchased lithium iron phosphate positive electrode sheet for subsequent charging and discharging of the device. Electrolyte is dropped onto the surface of the Si electrochromic layer, and a separator is placed over it, ensuring the electrolyte fully wets the sample surface. Electrolyte is then dropped onto the separator, and the positive electrode sheet is placed over it. The device is then sealed with adhesive to obtain the electrochromic battery device. (50 μA / cm) 2 The current density is used to charge and discharge the device at a constant current to 3.7V (2.4V) for lithium insertion (deintercalation).

[0049] The electrochromic battery device prepared in this embodiment has an emissivity of 0.78 in the 8–13 μm wavelength range before lithium insertion and 0.28 in the same range after full charging and lithium insertion, with a modulation range of 0.5; the battery surface capacity is approximately 0.28 mAh / cm². 2 .

[0050] Example 3:

[0051] The film structure and preparation method of the electrochromic battery device with thermal radiation regulation and energy storage in this embodiment are basically the same as those in Example 1. The main difference is that the conductive metal of the conductive electrode layer is Cu, and the thickness is 3 nm.

[0052] First, a conductive electrode layer 2 is prepared: Cr is deposited on a barium fluoride substrate (1) by magnetron sputtering with a sputtering power of 100W, a sputtering pressure of 0.5Pa, and an argon beam of 60sccm; then Cu is deposited with a sputtering power of 80W, a sputtering pressure of 0.4Pa, and an argon beam of 60sccm; finally, another layer of Cr is deposited to obtain the conductive electrode layer.

[0053] Next, an electrochromic layer 3 was prepared, with electrode material left at the edges. Si was deposited on the conductive electrode layer 2 obtained above by magnetron sputtering at the center of the sample. The sputtering power was 100W, the sputtering pressure was 1Pa, the argon beam current was 60sccm, and a 150nm Si electrochromic layer was deposited by sputtering.

[0054] Then, the electrochromic device is assembled. Conductive adhesive is used to extend a section of electrode from the edge electrode layer film prepared in the previous steps and from the edge of the purchased lithium iron phosphate positive electrode sheet for subsequent charging and discharging of the device. Electrolyte is dropped onto the surface of the Si electrochromic layer, and a separator is placed over it, ensuring the electrolyte fully wets the sample surface. Electrolyte is then dropped onto the separator, and the positive electrode sheet is placed over it. The device is then sealed with adhesive to obtain the electrochromic battery device. (50 μA / cm) 2 The current density is used to charge and discharge the device at a constant current to 3.7V (2.4V) for lithium insertion (deintercalation).

[0055] The electrochromic battery device prepared in this embodiment has an emissivity of 0.8 in the 8–13 μm wavelength range before lithium insertion and 0.27 in the same range after full charging and lithium insertion, with a modulation range of 0.53; the battery surface capacity is approximately 0.3 mAh / cm². 2 .

[0056] Example 4:

[0057] The film structure and preparation method of the electrochromic battery device with thermal radiation regulation and energy storage in this embodiment are basically the same as those in Example 1. The main difference is that the electrochromic layer is germanium (Ge) with a thickness of 100 nm.

[0058] First, a conductive electrode layer 2 is prepared: Cr is deposited on a barium fluoride substrate (1) by magnetron sputtering with a sputtering power of 100W, a sputtering pressure of 0.5Pa, and an argon beam of 60sccm; then Pt is deposited with a sputtering power of 60W, a sputtering pressure of 0.8Pa, and an argon beam of 60sccm; finally, another layer of Cr is deposited to obtain the conductive electrode layer.

[0059] Next, an electrochromic layer 3 was prepared, with electrode material left at the edges. Ge was deposited on the conductive electrode layer 2 obtained above by magnetron sputtering at the center of the sample. The sputtering power was 100W, the sputtering pressure was 1.5Pa, the argon beam current was 60sccm, and a 100nm Ge electrochromic layer was sputtered and deposited.

[0060] Then, the electrochromic device is assembled. Conductive adhesive is used to extend a section of electrode from the edge electrode layer film prepared in the previous steps and from the edge of the purchased lithium iron phosphate positive electrode sheet for subsequent charging and discharging of the device. Electrolyte is dropped onto the surface of the Ge electrochromic layer, and a separator is placed over it, ensuring the electrolyte fully wets the sample surface. Electrolyte is then dropped onto the separator, and the positive electrode sheet is placed over it. The device is then sealed with adhesive to obtain the electrochromic battery device. (30 μA / cm) 2 The current density is used to charge and discharge the device at a constant current to 3.5V (2.4V) for lithium insertion (deintercalation).

[0061] The electrochromic battery device prepared in this embodiment has an emissivity of 0.78 in the 8–13 μm wavelength range before lithium insertion and 0.33 in the same range after full charging and lithium insertion, with a modulation range of 0.45; the battery surface capacity is approximately 0.2 mAh / cm². 2 .

[0062] Example 5:

[0063] The film structure and preparation method of the electrochromic battery device with thermal radiation regulation and energy storage in this embodiment are basically the same as those in Example 1. The main difference is that the positive electrode is a nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary positive electrode material (NCM), and the electrolyte is a matching ternary electrolyte.

[0064] First, a conductive electrode layer 2 is prepared: Cr is deposited on a barium fluoride substrate (1) by magnetron sputtering with a sputtering power of 100W, a sputtering pressure of 0.5Pa, and an argon beam of 60sccm; then Pt is deposited with a sputtering power of 60W, a sputtering pressure of 0.8Pa, and an argon beam of 60sccm; finally, another layer of Cr is deposited to obtain the conductive electrode layer.

[0065] Next, an electrochromic layer 3 was prepared, with electrode material left at the edges. Si was deposited on the conductive electrode layer 2 obtained above by magnetron sputtering at the center of the sample. The sputtering power was 100W, the sputtering pressure was 1Pa, the argon beam current was 60sccm, and a 150nm Si electrochromic layer was deposited by sputtering.

[0066] Then, the electrochromic device is assembled. Conductive adhesive is used to extend a section of electrode from the edge electrode layer film prepared in the previous steps and from the edge of the purchased NCM positive electrode sheet for subsequent charging and discharging of the device. Electrolyte is dropped onto the surface of the Si electrochromic layer, and a separator is placed over it, ensuring the electrolyte fully wets the sample surface. Electrolyte is then dropped onto the separator, and the positive electrode sheet is placed over it. The device is then sealed with adhesive to obtain the electrochromic battery device. (50 μA / cm) 2 The current density is used to charge and discharge the device at a constant current to 4V (2.5V) for lithium insertion (deintercalation).

[0067] The electrochromic battery device prepared in this embodiment has an emissivity of 0.8 in the 8–13 μm wavelength range before lithium insertion and 0.31 in the same range after full charging and lithium insertion, with a modulation range of 0.49; the battery surface capacity is approximately 0.29 mAh / cm². 2 .

[0068] Example 6:

[0069] The film structure and preparation method of the electrochromic battery device with thermal radiation regulation and energy storage in this embodiment are basically the same as those in Example 1. The main difference is that the infrared transparent substrate is a polyethylene (PE) film, the conductive metal of the conductive electrode layer is Cu with a thickness of 3nm, the positive electrode is a nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary positive electrode material (NCM), and the electrolyte is a matching ternary electrolyte.

[0070] First, a conductive electrode layer 2 is prepared: Cr is deposited on a PE substrate (1) by magnetron sputtering with a sputtering power of 100W, a sputtering pressure of 0.5Pa, and an argon beam of 60sccm; then Cu is deposited with a sputtering power of 80W, a sputtering pressure of 0.4Pa, and an argon beam of 60sccm; finally, another layer of Cr is deposited to obtain the conductive electrode layer.

[0071] Next, an electrochromic layer 3 was prepared, with electrode material left at the edges. Si was deposited on the conductive electrode layer 2 obtained above by magnetron sputtering at the center of the sample. The sputtering power was 100W, the sputtering pressure was 1Pa, the argon beam current was 60sccm, and a 150nm Si electrochromic layer was deposited by sputtering.

[0072] Then, the electrochromic device is assembled. Conductive adhesive is used to extend a section of electrode from the edge electrode layer film prepared in the previous steps and from the edge of the purchased NCM positive electrode sheet for subsequent charging and discharging of the device. Electrolyte is dropped onto the surface of the Si electrochromic layer, and a separator is placed over it, ensuring the electrolyte fully wets the sample surface. Electrolyte is then dropped onto the separator, and the positive electrode sheet is placed over it. The device is then sealed with adhesive to obtain the electrochromic battery device. (30 μA / cm) 2 The current density is used to charge and discharge the device at a constant current to 4V (2.5V) for lithium insertion (deintercalation).

[0073] The electrochromic battery device prepared in this embodiment has an emissivity of 0.75 in the 8–13 μm wavelength range before lithium insertion and 0.33 in the same range after full charging and lithium insertion, with a modulation range of 0.42; the battery surface capacity is approximately 0.26 mAh / cm². 2 .

[0074] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Even if various changes are made to the present invention, if these changes fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, they shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermochromic battery based on lithium insertion / extraction for thermal radiation regulation and energy storage, characterized in that, include: The infrared transparent substrate, conductive electrode layer, electrochromic layer, separator, electrolyte and positive electrode are stacked sequentially. The conductive electrode layer includes a first metal layer, a conductive metal layer, and a second metal layer, which are sequentially deposited on the infrared transparent substrate; wherein, the first metal layer and the second metal layer are used to improve adhesion. The electrochromic layer is deposited at the center of the conductive electrode layer by magnetron sputtering. The electrochromic layer is made of any material selected from carbon, silicon, germanium, and tin, and is used to achieve lithium insertion / extraction with accompanying volume change. Before lithium insertion, the emissivity of the electrochromic battery in the 8–13 μm band is between 0.75 and 0.

81. When charged with a constant current, lithium ions enter the negative electrode from the positive electrode, changing the thickness of the electrochromic layer. After the electrochromic layer changes from a semiconductor state to a metallic state, the emissivity of the electrochromic battery in the 8–13 μm band is between 0.21 and 0.

45. Energy storage and release are achieved simultaneously with lithium insertion / extraction.

2. The electrochromic battery based on lithium insertion / extraction regulation for thermal radiation regulation and energy storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The areal capacity of the electrochromic battery ranges from 0.05 to 0.35 mAh / cm³. 2 .

3. The electrochromic battery based on lithium insertion / extraction regulation for thermal radiation regulation and energy storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the conductive electrode layer is between 2 and 20 nm, and the thickness of the electrochromic layer is between 10 and 500 nm.

4. The electrochromic battery based on lithium insertion / extraction for thermal radiation regulation and energy storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The infrared transparent substrate is made of any one of the following materials: barium fluoride, zinc selenide, zinc sulfide, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium bromide, and polyethylene.

5. The electrochromic battery based on lithium insertion / extraction for thermal radiation regulation and energy storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first and second metal layers of the conductive electrode layer are made of chromium or titanium, and the conductive metal layer is made of any one of platinum, copper, silver, or aluminum.

6. A method for fabricating an electrochromic battery based on lithium insertion / extraction for thermal radiation regulation and energy storage, characterized in that, include: A conductive electrode layer is formed by sequentially depositing a first metal layer, a conductive metal layer, and a second metal layer to improve adhesion on an infrared transparent substrate by magnetron sputtering. The electrode material at the four edges of the conductive electrode layer is blocked, and an electrochromic layer is deposited in the center of the conductive electrode layer by magnetron sputtering to obtain a semi-finished product. Conductive adhesive is used to extend a section of electrode from the edge electrode layer and the edge of the positive electrode sheet of the semi-finished product for subsequent charging and discharging of the device. Electrolyte is dropped onto the surface of the semi-finished product, and a separator is covered to ensure that the electrolyte fully wets the surface of the semi-finished product. Electrolyte is dropped onto the separator again, and the positive electrode sheet is covered and sealed with glue to obtain an electrochromic battery device.

7. The method for manufacturing an electrochromic battery based on lithium insertion / extraction for thermal radiation regulation and energy storage as described in claim 6, characterized in that, When depositing a conductive electrode layer on an infrared transparent substrate by magnetron sputtering, the magnetron sputtering deposition process for the first and second metal layers is as follows: power of 50–200 W, sputtering pressure of 0.1–5 Pa, and argon beam current of 10–60 sccm; the magnetron sputtering deposition process for the conductive metal layer is as follows: power of 20–200 W, sputtering pressure of 0.3–4 Pa, and argon beam current of 10–60 sccm.

8. The method for manufacturing an electrochromic battery based on lithium insertion / extraction for thermal radiation regulation and energy storage as described in claim 6, characterized in that, When depositing an electrochromic layer on a conductive electrode layer by magnetron sputtering, the magnetron sputtering deposition process is as follows: power of 50-200W, sputtering pressure of 0.8-2Pa, and argon beam current of 10-60sccm.

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