Transmission unit for a two-wheeled vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a switching system (14) for switching a transmission unit (1), having at least one movably arranged switching shaft (19, 20) and at least one switching device (15, 16), the switching state of which can be changed by a movement of the switching shaft (19, 20) relative to the switching device (15, 16), a drive shaft (18) rotatable about a central axis (10) being configured as part of the switching system (14), the drive shaft being connectable in a rotationally fixed manner to a component (5) of the transmission unit (1) in a first switching state of the switching device (15, 16) in at least one rotational direction and being disconnectable from the component (5) of the transmission unit (1) in any rotational direction in a second switching state of the switching device (15). According to the invention, the switching device (15, 16) is configured in association with the drive shaft (18) in such a way that at least a part of the switching device (15, 16) rotates together with the drive shaft (18) about the central axis (10), whereby a relative movement of the switching device (15, 16) relative to the switching shaft (19, 20) can be produced. The invention also relates to a transmission unit (1) having at least one switching system (1).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a switching system for switching a transmission unit, having at least one movably arranged switching shaft and at least one switching device, wherein the switching state of the switching device can be changed by the movement of the switching shaft relative to the switching device, wherein a drive shaft rotatable about a central axis is configured as part of the switching system, wherein in a first switching state of the switching device the drive shaft is connected to a component of the transmission unit in a non-rotatable manner in at least one rotational direction, and in a second switching state of the switching device the drive shaft is disengaged from the component of the transmission unit in any rotational direction, wherein the switching device and the drive shaft are configured such that at least a portion of the switching device rotates together with the drive shaft about the central axis. Background Technology

[0002] Document EP 0 915 800 B1 discloses a switching system for switching the transmission unit of a bicycle, which can be mounted on the bicycle frame. Here, the transmission unit forms the wheel hub, so that the bicycle's drive wheel can be supported by the transmission unit, and the spokes of the wheel can be mounted on the housing of the transmission unit.

[0003] Gear shifting is achieved by switching a switching device via a switching unit, which secures, and optionally releases, components of the planetary gear transmission mechanism of the transmission unit, for example, on a through shaft, housing, or stationary through shaft of the transmission unit. Here, the components of the planetary gear transmission mechanism are equipped with a one-way clutch / overrunning clutch, such that the interaction between the switching device and the one-way clutch enables multiple gears in the transmission unit.

[0004] The switching system has a stationary hollow shaft serving as a through-shaft, which is fastened to the frame of the two-wheeled vehicle. A camshaft is installed in the hollow shaft, which can be stepped into rotational motion by the bicycle rider by turning the starter, so that the switching pawl can engage and disengage from the planetary gear transmission mechanism in different rotational positions of the camshaft.

[0005] To disengage the switching device from the planetary gear transmission components, the power flow from the drive must be interrupted, as the switching force via the starter is usually insufficient to rotate the camshaft. The disadvantage is that this interruption of power flow to the transmission is particularly undesirable when cycling uphill.

[0006] Another example of a drive unit that can be switched via a switching system is disclosed in document EP 0 910 530 B1. This embodiment of the drive unit also serves as the wheel hub of the drive wheel of a bicycle, and this wheel hub drive mechanism serves as an alternative to the chain switching section. The advantage of this switching system combined with the drive unit is its compact, enclosed structure, which eliminates the dirt-sensitive and maintenance-intensive chain switching section, and makes it applicable to bicycles, but also to other types of two-wheeled vehicles, such as electric bicycles, electric scooters, electric motorcycles, or even conventional motorcycles with internal combustion engines.

[0007] DE 10 2009 060 484 A1 discloses another switching system. This switching system is used to connect a transmission unit and has at least one movably arranged switching shaft and at least one switching device. The switching state of the switching device can be changed by movement of the switching shaft relative to the switching device. A drive shaft rotatable about a central axis is arranged as part of the switching system. In a first switching state, the switching device can be rotationally fixed to a component of the transmission unit in at least one rotational direction, and in a second switching state, it can be disengaged from the component of the transmission unit in each rotational direction. The switching device and drive shaft are arranged together such that at least a portion of the switching device rotates with the rotation of the drive shaft about the central axis. Disadvantageously, to change the switching state of the switching device, a relative rotation of the switching shaft relative to the drive shaft must be generated, which is achieved by a planetary gear, which must be operated by a cable, particularly a Bowden cable, operated by an operator. If the switching device is under load, i.e. if torque is applied, the clamping force of the switching device in the switching pair can become so high that it is impossible to switch the device under load using Bowden cables, oil columns, chains or the like.

[0008] Other handover systems related to this are disclosed in EP 0 910 530 B1, US 2011 / 011193 A1, EP 2 718 174 A1, or DE 10 49 714 B1.

[0009] Here, the known switching system is constructed such that, in principle, the power flow must be interrupted, and therefore the torque at the drive shaft must be interrupted, in order to perform a gear shift. This is especially true because, through the force flow of the switching device itself, the switching device must disengage from the components of the transmission unit in order to perform a gear shift, wherein the movement of the switching device must be caused by the operator's operating force. If the switching device and the components of the transmission mechanism are in a force flow, especially when there is torque at the drive shaft, and if a gear shift is to be performed, a large force must be used to disengage the switching device from the components of the transmission mechanism, which cannot be achieved by means of Bowden wires, etc. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to improve the switching system and the transmission unit that can be switched by the switching system, which is particularly suitable for two-wheeled vehicles, preferably for bicycles, wherein it is also desirable to achieve transmission unit shifting without load interruption.

[0011] To achieve this objective, the present invention proposes that the relative motion of the switching device with respect to the switching shaft is generated by the portion of the switching device rotating with the drive shaft, thereby causing the switching device to move between a first switching state and a second switching state by the branch force of the driving motion from the drive shaft.

[0012] The core concept of this invention is to utilize the driving force or driving torque in an externally driven drive shaft to induce movement in a switching device, enabling it to switch between a first switching state and a second switching state. To a certain extent, a small portion of the driving power in the drive shaft is transferred to move the switching device, particularly from the first switching state to the second switching state.

[0013] Therefore, according to the present invention, the switching device is designed in combination with the drive shaft, i.e., particularly connected to, arranged in, or on the drive shaft, such that at least a portion, preferably the entire switching device, rotates together with the drive shaft. By rotating the switching device with the drive shaft, relative motion of the switching device can be generated by the switching shaft, thereby allowing the switching shaft to switch the switching device without introducing a large force or torque into the switching shaft to move the switching device. This is because the switching device is moved by a branch force (partial force) from the driving motion of the drive shaft.

[0014] The switching device can be implemented as a single piece, for example, as a one-piece switching device, or the switching device can be constructed in multiple pieces, such that at least a portion of the multiple-piece switching device rotates together with the drive shaft. In the simplest and preferred case, all switching devices rotate together with the drive shaft as a single piece, for which the switching devices are movably received in or on the drive shaft, and the switching devices thus collectively perform the rotation of the drive shaft about the central axis.

[0015] Here, only the switching shaft is connected to the corresponding device, through which the switching shaft can move. The switching shaft does not require a large switching force for its function. The switching shaft only contacts a portion, functional surface, or functional section of the switching device. Furthermore, according to the basic concept of the invention, the switching shaft can change the functional environment of the switching device in a certain way, causing the switching device to perform a desired movement between a first switching state and a second switching state, particularly from the first switching state to the second switching state.

[0016] To this end, the switching shaft is provided with a corresponding geometry that, by displacing the switching shaft radially or axially, enters at least partially together with the range of motion of the switching device that rotates with the drive shaft, particularly the trajectory around the central axis, so as to act accordingly on the switching device and to change the switching state.

[0017] According to an advantageous embodiment of the switching system, at least one part or the entire one-piece switching device that rotates with the drive shaft has at least one gripping / engaging part that can contact the switching shaft. Therefore, by the movement of the switching shaft, with reference to the central axis of the switching system, which preferably also forms the central axis of the transmission unit, the gripping part can be displaced axially and / or radially to ultimately change the switching device in terms of its switching state, particularly to transition the switching device from a first switching state to a second switching state.

[0018] The gripper can be configured as a geometric design on the switching device itself, especially when the switching device is implemented as a one-piece switching pawl. The gripper can be implemented as a gripper head through which the switching device contacts the switching shaft.

[0019] In another feasible embodiment of the switching system, the switching shaft has at least one ramp, or is provided with a ramp element that interacts with the switching shaft. The ramp can be provided as a single component interacting with the switching shaft, or the ramp can be advantageously constructed on the switching shaft itself. The gripper, as part of the switching device or arranged at the switching device, can contact the ramp, such that the gripper and thus part of the switching device are axially and / or radially displaceable with reference to the central axis of the switching system, wherein the displacement of the ramp can be generated by means of movement of the switching shaft.

[0020] The ramp is advantageously implemented as a circumferential ramp, causing the gripper to move radially about a central axis via the rotational motion of the drive shaft. However, it is also conceivable that the ramp is implemented axially, or that the ramp is configured to displace the gripper both axially and radially. Within the scope of the invention, the ramp can include any geometry suitable for displacing the gripper radially or axially about a central axis, thereby also displacing at least a portion or all of the switching device, and allowing the switching device to change between a first switching state and a second switching state, particularly from the first switching state to the second switching state. In this regard, expansion sleeves, conical elements, tapered elements, etc., are also conceivable, preferably also having elastically deformable sections to provide a ramp whose diameter can be changed radially, similar to inhalation and exhalation. It is also conceivable that a fluid-loaded device, such as by means of pressurized oil, can be used to temporarily change the radial position or diameter of the ramp.

[0021] An important aspect of the geometric design of the switching shaft in conjunction with the switching device and / or the gripping part stipulates that the following direction of motion is perpendicular to the operating direction of the gripping part, which is in particular part of the switching device: in this direction of motion, the switching shaft moves the ramp while in contact with the gripping part. The force acting on the switching shaft along its direction of motion, together with the ramp, is introduced into the switching shaft by the operator, so that the force used to move the switching shaft is relatively small. On the other hand, a large force must be used to move the gripping part and therefore part of the switching device or the switching device itself along its operating direction, wherein the small force relative to the movement of the switching shaft, and the large force, is generated by the geometry at the switching shaft, especially by the ramp. Here, the large force is provided by the driving force or driving torque of the drive shaft, wherein the small force is introduced by the operator, for example by means of a rotary starter.

[0022] The switching system can also be connected to an electric actuator, so that the switching axis is not moved by a person via a Bowden line, but by means of an electric actuator. Here, the electric actuator can also be part of the switching system, and the electric actuator can be operated by an operator, for example, according to a remote control principle.

[0023] To enable the switching system to shift gears even when the transmission mechanism is stationary, the switching shaft or the component connected to the switching shaft can be configured such that the gripping part of the switching device can move between a first switching state and a second switching state by means of the switching motion of the switching shaft, independent of the rotational motion of the drive shaft, particularly by means of at least one axially inclined ramp on the switching shaft or on the component connected to the switching shaft. An axial-radial, i.e., axial, conical or tapered ramp can be adjacent to or constructed uniformly with the ramp, forming an inclined surface between circumferential surfaces of different diameters at the switching shaft, allowing the gripping part to change its contact between these circumferential surfaces.

[0024] When the switching element rotates around the central axis with the drive shaft, a ramp extending in the circumferential direction and having a gradually increasing radius relative to the central axis can switch the switching element. When the switching element is stationary and does not rotate around the switching axis, but when the switching axis and therefore the axial and radial ramps are axially displaced relative to the switching device, an axial-radial ramp that at least partially forms a cone or conical shape can switch the switching element.

[0025] The switching device can be implemented as a jaw-type engagement device, and is preferably implemented as a switching pawl or a switching pawl system. The switching device can particularly form a switching pawl that engages in a locking profile or engagement profile in a transmission mechanism member, the profile being particularly constructed on an inner surface, such that the transmission mechanism member thus forms a mating switching device. Therefore, the switching device can involve any component adapted and configured to connect another component to a component received therein or on the switching device in a manner that prevents relative rotation in at least one direction by movement between two switching states.

[0026] The transmission unit advantageously has at least one planetary gear transmission mechanism, and in particular, it includes two planetary gear transmission mechanisms. According to the invention, the components connectable to the drive shaft can be the ring gear, planet carrier, and / or sun gear of the said planetary gear transmission mechanism or at least one or both planetary gear transmission mechanisms.

[0027] The switching process of the switching device entering the second switching state can be implemented by contact between a ramp and a gripping part, wherein the gripping part can simply be a functional surface on a one-piece switching device. Therefore, the switching process from the first switching state to the second switching state is carried out through ramp contact, wherein the change from the second switching state to the first switching state preferably occurs without contact between the gripping part and the ramp. For this purpose, a loading spring can be specifically provided to push the switching device into the first switching state.

[0028] Here, when the switching device transitions from a second switching state, disengaging from a component of the transmission unit, to a first switching state, engaging with a component of the transmission unit, it can be done with minimal force consumption because the switching device, particularly the switching pawl, jaw engagement device, etc., is not in the force flow generated by the power transmission from the drive shaft through the transmission unit. In this regard, a simple loading spring is exemplarily used to transition the switching device from the second switching state to the first switching state.

[0029] Further advantageously, the switching shaft includes a first segment with a smaller diameter and a second segment with a larger diameter. The segments are particularly formed with cylindrical circumferential surfaces, i.e., thus forming annular segments with a constant diameter throughout the circumference. Here, the change between switching states of the switching device can be accomplished by altering the contact between the switching device and, in particular, the gripping portion of the switching device via a ramp between the segments, thereby causing the gripping portion of the switching device or the switching device itself to switch between the first and second segments.

[0030] The switching shaft is implemented in a multi-part configuration, and advantageously includes a first switching shaft and a second switching shaft, which are connected in a manner that allows axial movement relative to each other but prevents relative rotation. By dividing the switching shaft, the two parts of the switching shaft can occupy different axial positions, thereby allowing multiple switching devices to be switched independently through the multiple parts of the switching shaft.

[0031] The through shaft is particularly configured as part of the switching system and / or transmission unit, extending along a central axis. A first switching shaft and a second switching shaft are received on the through shaft. The first switching shaft has a first guide slide in which a first guide element disposed on the through shaft is guided. Furthermore, the second switching shaft has a second guide slide in which a second guide element disposed on the through shaft is guided. Therefore, the axial positions of the first and / or second switching shafts along the central axis can be changed independently of each other. A drive shaft also extends around and is particularly supported on the through shaft, wherein the drive shaft is preferably implemented as a hollow shaft into which the switching shaft extends. Furthermore, the switching shaft is preferably implemented as a hollow shaft through which the through shaft passes.

[0032] Furthermore, the switching system advantageously includes a rotary starter configured to move the switching shaft accordingly, particularly placing it in rotational motion. The rotary starter is operatively connected to the switching shaft, and can be operated by an operator. The rotary starter, for example, has a Bowden line. The rotary starter allows the switching shaft to be placed in rotational motion, which can then be converted into axial motion of the switching shaft or a portion thereof. Therefore, when the rotary starter is activated, the switching shaft or a portion thereof can be displaced radially and / or axially, or rotated about a central axis.

[0033] The present invention also relates to a transmission unit having at least one switching system as described above, wherein the transmission unit includes at least one planetary gear transmission mechanism, particularly two planetary gear transmission mechanisms, wherein the components of the planetary gear transmission mechanisms that can be connected to the drive shaft in at least one rotational direction of the transmission unit in a non-rotatable manner by means of a switching device are implemented as the ring gear, planet carrier, and / or sun gear of the at least one planetary gear transmission mechanism. The output portion of the planetary gear transmission mechanism is formed, for example, by a planet carrier, wherein the planet carrier serving as the component for switching by means of the switching system is the planet carrier of a first planetary gear transmission mechanism, and wherein the planet carrier for forming the output portion is the planet carrier of a second planetary gear transmission mechanism. Two or more nested planetary gear transmission mechanisms are particularly coaxial with each other, and particularly one nested inside the other, wherein the ring gear, planet carrier, and / or sun gear of the first planetary gear transmission mechanism and / or the second planetary gear transmission mechanism can be switched by means of a switching system, wherein more than two planetary gear transmission mechanisms can also be constructed to be nested with each other.

[0034] The switching system according to the invention can also be supplemented by a one-way clutch unit, which operates between the corresponding switching component and the fixed part of the switching system. Additionally, the transmission unit has at least one one-way clutch. A first one-way clutch can be configured to form an active connection between the ring gear of an externally mounted second planetary gear transmission mechanism and the fixed part of the transmission unit. A second one-way clutch can be configured to form an active connection between the planetary gear carrier of a built-in first planetary gear transmission mechanism and the fixed part. Furthermore, a third one-way clutch can also be provided, forming an active connection between the sun gear and the drive shaft. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Other measures to improve the present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the description of preferred embodiments. Wherein: Figure 1 An equivalent schematic diagram of a transmission mechanism having a switching system according to the present invention is shown. Figure 2 A perspective view of the transmission mechanism is shown. Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a transmission structure having a switching system according to the present invention is shown. Figure 4 A perspective view of the switching unit is shown, illustrating two switching shafts and a rotary starter; however, the drive shaft is not shown. Figure 5 A perspective view of the switching unit is shown, illustrating the switching axis and its configuration according to... Figure 4 The rotary starter, in which a drive shaft is also shown, thus obscuring another switching shaft, Figure 6 A perspective view of the first switching axis is shown. Figure 7 A perspective view of a switching device implemented as a switching pawl is shown. Figure 8 Another perspective view of the switching unit is shown, in which a sectional view shows multiple switching pawls and a drive shaft arranged together. Figure 9 A perspective view of the sun gear of an internal planetary gear transmission mechanism is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0036] Figure 1 The upper half of an equivalent schematic diagram of the transmission unit 1 is shown, illustrating the switching system 14 according to the invention. A through shaft 11, serving as a load-bearing element, extends through the transmission unit 1. This through shaft is, for example, stationary on the frame of a two-wheeled vehicle and is therefore non-rotatable. The through shaft 11 extends along a central axis 10, which simultaneously forms the rotation axis of two planetary gear transmission mechanisms 12 and 13. Planetary gear transmission mechanism 12 forms an inner planetary gear transmission mechanism, and planetary gear transmission mechanism 13 forms an outer planetary gear transmission mechanism; they are, in particular, arranged in a nested configuration.

[0037] Drive shaft 18 extends at least partially around through shaft 11. Drive shaft 18 can be driven by a driver or by a motor of a two-wheeled vehicle and forms part of switching system 14. Drive shaft 18 receives switching devices 15 and 16, wherein switching device 15 interacts with the ring gear 28 of planetary gear transmission mechanism 13, and switching device 16 interacts with the planet carrier 29 of internal planetary gear transmission mechanism 12. Switching device 17 interacts with the sun gear 30 of internal planetary gear transmission mechanism 12 and is received on the fixed portion 48 of transmission unit 1, thus forming an operative connection between the internal sun gear 30 and the fixed portion 48, and in this respect, also forming an operative connection with through shaft 11. Therefore, switching device 17 is also part of switching system 14.

[0038] The ring gear 28 of the external planetary gear transmission mechanism 13 is divided into two parts based on the extension direction of the central axis 10, resulting in a first sub-gear 28a shown on the left and a second sub-gear 28b shown on the right. This creates an axial gap between the sub-gears 28a and 28b, through which the output portion of the transmission unit 1 passes. The output portion is formed by the housing of the transmission unit 1 (not shown further), which is connected to the external planetary gear carrier 33 of the second planetary gear transmission mechanism 13 in a non-rotatable manner. The output portion may, for example, form the housing of the transmission unit (not shown further), which is connected to the planetary gear carrier 33 through the gap between the sub-gears 28a and 28b.

[0039] The outer planetary gear 34 engages with the two sub-gears 28a and 28b of the gear ring 28, such that the sub-gears 28a and 28b are connected to each other in a manner that prevents them from rotating relative to each other by means of the outer planetary gear 34.

[0040] The first planetary gear transmission mechanism 12 is arranged on the inner side, and the second planetary gear transmission mechanism 13 is arranged on the outer side. The two planetary gear transmission mechanisms 12 and 13 are nested together. The gear ring of the built-in first planetary gear transmission mechanism 12 and the sun gear of the external second planetary gear transmission mechanism 13 are designed as the same component in structure, and thus form a central gear ring 31.

[0041] The fixed portion 48, which receives the switching device 17 and interacts with the sun gear 30, can also be implemented as part of the through shaft 11. Advantageously, the fixed portion 48 forms a single component or group of components, and is also connected to one-way clutches 35 and 36, with one-way clutch 37 disposed between the inner sun gear 30 and the drive shaft 18. One-way clutch 35 forms an operative connection between the fixed portion 48 and the sub-gear 28b, while one-way clutch 36 forms an operative connection between the fixed portion 48 and the planetary gear carrier 29.

[0042] Figure 2 A perspective view of the transmission unit 1 and the drive is shown, illustrating a chain 42 guided on a sprocket 43, which is directly connected to the drive shaft 18. A through shaft 11 passes through the transmission unit 1 and is fixed to the frame of a two-wheeled vehicle, particularly a bicycle, by a hub thread 41, such that the through shaft 11 is arranged stationary in a manner that prevents relative rotation. Here, a fixed arm 40 is rigidly arranged at the through shaft 11, which is also mounted on the frame of the two-wheeled vehicle to support the torque generated in the transmission unit 1.

[0043] The transmission unit 1 is controlled via Bowden line 39, which works in conjunction with rotary starter 21, which is also rigidly connected to through shaft 11 and is shown as a functional unit. The output of transmission unit 1 is realized through housing 32, which has device 38 for receiving wheel spokes.

[0044] Figure 3 A cross-section of the upper half of the transmission unit 1 is shown, and a through shaft 11, which is a major component, extends along the central axis 10 and can be rigidly arranged on the frame of the two-wheeled vehicle, is shown.

[0045] A hollow drive shaft 18 extends partially around a through shaft 11, on which a sprocket 43 is received for rotating the drive shaft 18. The drive shaft 18 is supported on the through shaft 11 by rolling bearings 44. The drive shaft 18 has a radial clearance on its inner side relative to the outer circumference of the through shaft 11, and switching shafts 19 and 20 extend partially from the side opposite to the arrangement of the sprocket 43 into this radial clearance. Switching devices 15 and 16 are received in or on the drive shaft 18 such that the switching devices 15 and 16 rotate with the rotation of the drive shaft 18 around the through shaft 11 and, in this respect, also around the switching shafts 19 and 20. Switching device 17 is received on a fixed portion 48. For illustrative purposes, the switching device 15 is shown in a rotational section and is actually located in a position positioned around the circumference of the central axis 10, wherein all switching devices 15, 16, and 17 are respectively present in opposite pairs in opposing positions.

[0046] The corresponding components of the first internal planetary gear transmission mechanism 12 and the second external planetary gear transmission mechanism 13 can be switched by switching devices 15, 16 and 17. The planetary gear transmission mechanisms 12 and 13 are housed in the housing 32 of the transmission unit 1, wherein the housing 32 serves as the output part of the transmission unit 1, and the drive shaft 18 serves as the drive part.

[0047] The switching unit 14 has a rotation starter 21, which is operatively connected to the switching shafts 19 and 20 and can be activated by the operator to introduce step-by-step, graded rotational motion into the switching shafts 19 and 20 at discrete step angles. Here, step-by-step rotational motion occurs in the switching shafts 19 and 20 relative to the stationary through shaft 11, and as will be shown later, this rotational motion is converted into axial motion along the central axis 10.

[0048] The switching shafts 19 and 20 are implemented as two parts, and have a first switching shaft 19 and a second switching shaft 20, wherein the first switching shaft 19 and the second switching shaft 20 cannot rotate relative to each other, but can move axially.

[0049] The first component of planetary gear transmission mechanisms 12 and 13 forms the gear ring 28 of the second external planetary gear transmission mechanism 13, wherein the gear ring 28 is divided into a first sub-gear 28a and a second sub-gear 28b. Here, the first switching device 15 or the first switching device pair 15 works in conjunction with the gear ring 28 represented by the first sub-gear 28a so that when the switching device 15 is engaged, the first sub-gear is connected to the drive shaft 18 in a non-rotatable manner. Another component of planetary gear transmission mechanisms 12 and 13 is represented by the planetary gear carrier 29, which is part of the first internal planetary gear transmission mechanism 12, wherein the second switching device 16 or the second switching device pair 16 works in conjunction with the planetary gear carrier 29 so that when engaged, the planetary gear carrier is connected to the drive shaft 18 in a non-rotatable manner. Finally, another switchable component of planetary gear transmission mechanisms 12 and 13 is represented by the sun gear 30 of the first internal planetary gear transmission mechanism 12, wherein the third switching device 17 works in conjunction with the sun gear 30 so that when engaged, the sun gear is connected to the fixed part 48 of the transmission unit 1 in a non-rotatable manner. In this regard, the switching device 17 is not received on the drive shaft 18, but on the fixed part 48, which can also be constructed in multiple parts.

[0050] The housing 32 of the transmission unit 1 is rotatably supported on the fixed portion 48 by means of rolling bearings 44, and is also rotatably supported on the drive shaft 18, wherein the housing 32 serves as an output element. For this purpose, the housing 32 is connected to the outer planetary gear carrier 33 of the second outer planetary gear transmission mechanism 13. This connection is made through the axial clearance between the sub-gears 28a and 28b of the gear ring 28, such that one or more bridging portions of the outer planetary gear carrier 33 are distributed in the circumferential direction, and the housing 32 is connected to these bridging portions at least indirectly, especially through elastic connecting elements arranged between the circumferential positions of the outer planetary gears 34.

[0051] The first one-way clutch 35 shown forms an active connection between the ring gear 28 of the second external planetary gear transmission mechanism 13 and the fixed portion 48. The second one-way clutch 36 shown forms an active connection between the planetary gear carrier 29 of the first internal planetary gear transmission mechanism 12 and the fixed portion 48. A third one-way clutch 37 is provided, which forms an active connection between the sun gear 30 and the drive shaft 18.

[0052] If the transmission unit 1 is switched to the idling state N0, all switching devices 15, 16 and 17 retract and are in a state of not engaging with the components of the planetary gear transmission mechanism 12, 13.

[0053] For the first gear N1, only switching device 15 moves out and engages with gear ring 28, while the other switching devices 16 and 17 do not engage.

[0054] For the second gear N2, only the switching device 16 moves out and engages with the planetary gear carrier 29, while the switching devices 15 and 17 remain retracted.

[0055] For the third gear N3, switching device 15 and switching device 17 are engaged with gear ring 28 and sun gear 30, respectively.

[0056] For the fourth gear N4, switching device 15 remains retracted, while switching devices 16 and 17 engage with planetary gear carrier 29 and sun gear 30, respectively.

[0057] For the fifth gear N5, switching devices 15 and 16 are moved out, while switching device 17 remains retracted.

[0058] Finally, for the sixth gear N6, all three switching devices 15, 16, and 17 are removed and engaged with the corresponding components of the planetary gear transmission mechanisms 12 and 13.

[0059] Figure 4 A perspective view of the switching unit 14 is shown, in which switching shafts 19 and 20 are arranged on the through shaft 11, and the rotary starter 21 and Bowden line 39 are also shown.

[0060] The switching shaft 19 has a guide slide 22 in which the guide element 24 is guided. The guide element 24 is rigidly arranged on the through shaft 11 and passes through the through shaft transversely to the central axis 10. The guide slide 22 has a "Z"-shaped profile, so that when the switching shaft 19 is rotated by means of the rotary actuator 21, the switching shaft 19 is moved axially along the central axis 10 in a direction-changing manner.

[0061] The switching shaft 20 is received relative to the switching shaft 19 in a manner that allows axial movement, although it cannot rotate relative to the switching shaft 19. Thus, rotational motion can be introduced into the switching shaft 20 via the switching shaft 19 by means of the rotation starter 21. A guide slide 23 is also introduced into the switching shaft 20, within which the guide element 25 is guided. This guide element is rigidly mounted on the through shaft 11. The guide slide 23 also has a Z-shaped profile, allowing the switching shafts 19 and 20 to perform independent axial movements via the two guide slides 22 and 23, depending on the rotational position of the switching shafts 19 and 20, which is adjusted stepwise by the rotation starter 21. Here, the switching shaft 19 can work in conjunction with the switching devices 16 and 17, while the switching shaft 20 can work in conjunction with the switching device 15.

[0062] Figure 5 Another perspective view of the main components of the switching system 14 is shown, in which the drive shaft 18, driven by the chain 42 and the sprocket 43 connected thereto, is now shown. Here, the switching shaft 20 is built into the drive shaft 18 and is covered by the drive shaft, so that only the switching shaft 19 is visible.

[0063] Switching devices 15 and 16 are received in drive shaft 18. These switching devices are preloaded by a loading spring 49, allowing them to be moved out and pushed into the components of planetary gear transmission mechanisms 12 and 13. The same applies to switching device 17, which is also shown preloaded by the loading spring 49 and can cooperate with the shown switching shaft 19. However, switching device 17 is not received on drive shaft 18, but rather at a fixed portion 48 (not shown).

[0064] The guide slide 22 in the switching shaft 19 and the guide element 24 on the through shaft 11 are also shown. The rotational position of the switching shaft 19 can be adjusted by means of the rotation starter 21 and the Bowden line 39, and its axial position can be adjusted by the action of the guide slide 22.

[0065] Figure 6 The switching shaft 20 is shown separately. It is movable along the central axis 10. For this purpose, the switching shaft is rotatably arranged on the through shaft 11, and the guide element 25 moves in the guide slide 23 which is implemented in a zigzag pattern. Therefore, rotation of the switching shaft 20 about the central axis 10 causes the switching shaft 20 to move back and forth along the central axis 10 on the through shaft 11.

[0066] The outer contour of the switching shaft 20 has a first segment A1 and a second segment A2, wherein the diameter of the first segment A1 is smaller than the diameter of the second segment A2. The exemplary segments A1 and A2 shown in the outer contour of the switching shaft 20 are also present on another switching shaft 19, so that switching devices 15, 16, and, if necessary, 17, can work in conjunction with the correspondingly assigned segments A1 and A2 on the switching shafts 19 and 20. Here, the following description of the working principle of segments A1 and A2 applies to all segments assigned to the corresponding switching devices, and therefore, the following general description uses segments A1 and A2 of the switching shaft 20 as examples.

[0067] See Figure 7 If the gripping portions 27 of the switching devices 15, 16, and 17 operate in the first section A1, the switching devices 15, 16, and 17 move out and are pushed into the components of the planetary gear transmission mechanisms 12 and 13, caused by the corresponding loading springs 49. If the switching shaft 20 and the switching shaft 19 (not shown in the same manner) are axially displaced by rotation about the through shaft 11 by means of the rotary actuator 21, the resulting axial displacement causes the gripping portions 27 of the switching devices 15, 16, and 17 to overcome the preload force of the loading springs 49 and change from contacting the first section A1 to contacting the second section A2.

[0068] The rotational movement of the gripper 27 along the ramp 26 causes a change, allowing the gripper 27 to move upwards from a smaller diameter to a larger diameter in a definite manner. Since the switching shaft 20 is only given a profile, and the switching devices 15, 16 rotate about the switching shafts 19, 20 via the rotation of the drive shaft 18, the engagement of the switching devices 15, 16 disengages, and thus the force flow from the components of the planetary gear transmission mechanisms 12, 13 is disengaged without problem, even under load, because disengagement is not introduced by means of the rotary starter 21 and therefore via the Bowden line 39, but is achieved by the driving force itself used to drive the drive shaft 18 (i.e., therefore by the driving power). Here, the contact between the switching devices 15, 16, and 17 and the correspondingly assigned sections A1, A2 is maintained by the loading spring 49. Figure 5 The loading spring is shown for each of the switching devices 15, 16, and 17.

[0069] The ramp 26 is constructed as a radial-circumferential ramp, and as the drive shaft rotates, the switching device rotates a certain distance around the switching shaft 20, causing the gripping part of the switching device to disengage from contact with the smaller diameter segment A1 and transition to contact with the larger diameter segment A2. Even if the drive shaft is stationary and the gripping part or switching device occupies a fixed circumferential position, the contact with segment A1 and contact with segment A2 can still change because the switching shaft 20 has an axial-radial ramp 26', which is constructed at the end of the actual ramp 26 on the switching shaft 20. Therefore, gear shifting can also be performed while stationary. Here, the axial-radial ramp 26' is at least partially tapered.

[0070] like Figure 7 As shown, the simple oscillation of switching devices 15, 16, and 17 around the swing axis 45 is sufficient to move switching devices 15, 16, and 17 between switching states. The locking section 46 has a protruding profile on the end side of the switching devices 15, 16, and 17, which allows the locking state of the switching devices 15, 16, and 17 to be easily disengaged from the components of the planetary gear transmission mechanism 12 and 13 with minimal force.

[0071] Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of the switching unit 14 and drive shaft 18 is shown, wherein the connected rotary actuator 21 is operatively connected to the switching shaft 19. A double-opposite arrangement of the switching device 16 is shown, wherein the switching device 16 is received in the drive shaft 18 and operates on the first segment A1 of the switching shaft 19. The switching device 15, not shown in the cross-sectional view, is received in the drive shaft 18 in the same manner, and the switching device 17, connected to the loading spring 49, is not in or on the drive shaft 18.

[0072] at last, Figure 9The sun gear 30 of the first internal planetary gear transmission mechanism 12 is shown, which has a built-in locking recess 47 into which the locking section 46 of the switching device 17 can be pushed.

[0073] The implementation of this invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments given above. Instead, many variations are conceivable, even in fundamentally different embodiments, that can utilize the proposed solution. All features and / or advantages arising from the specification or drawings, together with structural details or spatial arrangements, whether individually or in various combinations, can be important to this invention.

[0074] List of reference numerals

[0075] 1. Transmission Unit

[0076] 10. Central Axis

[0077] 11 Through-shaft

[0078] 12 Planetary Gear Transmission Mechanism

[0079] 13 Planetary gear transmission mechanism

[0080] 14 Switching Systems

[0081] 15 Switching Devices

[0082] 16 Switching devices

[0083] 17 Switching Devices

[0084] 18 drive shafts

[0085] 19 Switching Axis

[0086] 20 Switching Axis

[0087] 21 Rotary starter

[0088] 22 Guide Slide

[0089] 23 Guide Slide

[0090] 24 Guiding elements

[0091] 25. Guiding elements

[0092] 26. Slope

[0093] 26' Slope

[0094] 27 Grabbing Department

[0095] 28 Gear Ring

[0096] 28a First gear

[0097] 28b Second gear

[0098] 29 Planetary Gear Carrier

[0099] 30. Sun Wheel

[0100] 31. Center gear / Sun gear

[0101] 32. Shell

[0102] 33 Outer planetary gear carrier

[0103] 34 Outer Planetary Gears

[0104] 35 First one-way clutch

[0105] 36 Second one-way clutch

[0106] 37 Third one-way clutch

[0107] 38. Devices for receiving wheel spokes

[0108] 39 Bowden Line

[0109] 40 Fixed Arm

[0110] 41 Wheel hub threaded parts

[0111] 42 Chains

[0112] 43 Sprockets

[0113] 44 Rolling bearings

[0114] 45. Swing axis

[0115] 46 Locked Sections

[0116] 47 Locking recess

[0117] 48 Fixed parts

[0118] 49 Loading Spring

[0119] A1 Section 1

[0120] A2 Second Section

Claims

1. A switching system (14) for switching a transmission unit (1), the switching system having at least one movably arranged switching shaft (19, 20) and at least one switching device (15, 16), wherein, The switching state of the switching devices (15, 16) can be changed by the movement of the switching shafts (19, 20) relative to the switching devices (15, 16). The drive shaft (18), which can rotate around the central axis (10), is constructed as part of the switching system (14). In the first switching state of the switching devices (15, 16), the drive shaft is connected to the components of the transmission unit (1) in a manner that prevents relative rotation in at least one rotational direction. In the second switching state of the switching devices, the drive shaft is disengaged from the components of the transmission unit (1) in any rotational direction. The switching devices (15, 16) and the drive shaft (18) are configured such that at least a portion of the switching devices (15, 16) rotates together with the drive shaft (18) about the central axis (10). Its features are, The relative motion of the switching devices (15, 16) with respect to the switching shaft (19, 20) is generated by the portion of the switching devices (15, 16) rotating with the drive shaft (18), thereby causing the branch force of the driving motion from the drive shaft (18) to move the switching devices (15, 16) between the first switching state and the second switching state.

2. The switching system (14) according to claim 1. Its features are, At least one portion of the switching device (15, 16) that rotates with the drive shaft (18) has at least one gripping part (27) that can contact the switching shaft (19, 20), wherein, by the movement of the switching shaft (19, 20), the gripping part (27) can be axially and / or radially displaced with reference to the central axis (10) so as to place the switching device (15, 16) in a second switching state.

3. The switching system (14) according to claim 2. Its features are, The switching shafts (19, 20) have at least one ramp (26) and / or interact with at least one ramp, wherein the gripping part (27) can be displaced axially and / or radially with respect to the central axis (10) by means of its circumferential movement around the central axis (10) in contact with the ramp (26), wherein the movement of the switching shafts (19, 20) can produce the displacement of the ramp (26).

4. The switching system (14) according to claim 2 or 3. Its features are, The direction of motion of the ramp (26) when it is in contact with the gripping part (27) is perpendicular to the direction of operation of the gripping part (27) of the switching device (15, 16).

5. The switching system (14) according to claim 2 or 3. Its features are, The switching shafts (19, 20) are configured such that, by means of at least one axially inclined ramp on the switching shafts (19, 20) or on the components connected to the switching shafts (19, 20), the gripping part (27) of the switching device (15, 16) can move between a first switching state and a second switching state independently of the rotational movement of the drive shaft (18).

6. The switching system (14) according to any one of claims 1-3. Its features are, The switching devices (15, 16) are implemented as a toothed engagement device, a switching pawl, or a switching pawl system.

7. The switching system (14) according to claim 3. Its features are, The switching process of the switching devices (15, 16) entering the second switching state can be carried out by means of the contact between the ramp (26) and the gripping part (27), and / or a loading spring (49) is provided to press the switching devices (15, 16) into the first switching state.

8. The switching system (14) according to claim 3. Its features are, The switching shafts (19, 20) include a first section (A1) with a smaller diameter and a second section (A2) with a larger diameter. The switching system (14) is configured such that the change between the switching states of the switching devices (15, 16) is achieved by changing the contact of the gripping part (27) of the switching devices (15, 16) on the ramp (26) between the first section (A1) and the second section (A2).

9. The switching system (14) according to any one of claims 1-3. Its features are, A first switching shaft (19) and a second switching shaft (20) are provided, and the first switching shaft and the second switching shaft are connected in a manner that allows them to move axially relative to each other but cannot rotate relative to each other.

10. The switching system (14) according to claim 9. Its features are, A through shaft (11) is provided, which extends along the central axis (10), and a first switching shaft (19) and a second switching shaft (20) are received on the through shaft. The first switching shaft (19) has a first guide slide (22) in which a first guide element (24) arranged on the through shaft (11) is guided, and / or the second switching shaft (20) has a second guide slide (23) in which a second guide element (25) arranged on the through shaft (11) is guided, such that the axial positions of the first switching shaft (19) and / or the second switching shaft (20) along the central axis (10) are independent of each other.

11. The switching system (14) according to any one of claims 1-3. Its features are, A rotary starter (21) is provided, which is operatively connected to the switching shafts (19, 20). The rotary starter (21) can be started by the operator to make the switching shafts (19, 20) rotate. At least one switching shaft (19, 20) is operatively connected to the rotary starter (21) in a manner that prevents relative rotation but allows axial movement.

12. A transmission unit (1) having at least one switching system (14) according to any one of claims 1-11, the transmission unit (1) comprising at least one planetary gear transmission mechanism (12, 13), wherein the components of the planetary gear transmission mechanism (12, 13) that can be connected to the drive shaft (18) in a non-rotatable manner in at least one rotational direction of the transmission unit (1) by means of a switching device (15, 16) are implemented as the ring gear (28), planetary gear carrier (29) and / or sun gear (30) of the at least one planetary gear transmission mechanism (12, 13).

13. The transmission unit (1) according to claim 12. Its features are, The system comprises two or more planetary gear transmission mechanisms (12, 13) connected to and / or nested together, wherein the ring gear (28), planetary gear carrier (29) and / or sun gear (30) of the first planetary gear transmission mechanism and / or at least one second planetary gear transmission mechanism can be switched by means of a switching system (14).

14. The transmission unit (1) according to claim 13. Its features are, Two nested planetary gear transmission mechanisms (12, 13) are provided, and a first one-way clutch (35) is provided, which forms an action connection between the gear ring (28) of the external second planetary gear transmission mechanism (13) and the fixed part (48) of the transmission unit (1), and / or a second one-way clutch (36) is provided, which forms an action connection between the planetary gear carrier (29) of the built-in first planetary gear transmission mechanism (12) and the fixed part (48), and / or a third one-way clutch (37) is provided, which forms an action connection between the sun gear (30) of the built-in first planetary gear transmission mechanism (12) and the drive shaft (18).

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