A turnout comprehensive monitoring device and a monitoring method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of turnout comprehensive monitoring device and monitoring method, turnout comprehensive monitoring device includes basic rail monitoring mechanism and point rail monitoring mechanism;Basic rail monitoring mechanism includes the first fixed component group for being fixed on basic rail, first fixed component group is provided with two mutually perpendicular first displacement sensors, the detection end of two first displacement sensors is uniformly matched with first measured component, gap is arranged between first measured component and first displacement sensor, and first measured component is fixed on sleeper;Point rail monitoring mechanism includes the second fixed component group for being fixed on basic rail, and the fourth displacement sensor and third displacement sensor are arranged on the second fixed component group and are perpendicular to each other, and the detection end of fourth displacement sensor and third displacement sensor is matched with fourth measured component and third measured component respectively, and fourth measured component and third measured component are fixed on point rail.It can realize accurate monitoring to turnout working condition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of railway signaling technology, specifically to a turnout integrated monitoring device and monitoring method. Background Technology

[0002] As one of the most important transportation systems, the railway system carries a large volume of transport tasks and is constantly developing towards higher speeds. Turnouts are track connection devices that allow trains to switch from one track to another, and are typically laid extensively in railway stations and marshalling yards. The track at a turnout mainly consists of the stock rail and switch rail. Affected by changes in ambient temperature and the impact of trains passing through the turnout, the switch rail and stock rail undergo axial and radial displacement, leading to changes in the clearances of "close contact," "creep," and "lateral movement," ultimately affecting train operation safety. Therefore, regular inspection and strict control of turnouts are crucial for improving train operation safety. The "axial" direction of the switch rail and stock rail refers to the direction of travel, and the "radial" direction refers to the direction perpendicular to the direction of travel. "Close contact" refers to the radial displacement of the switch rail relative to the stock rail; "creep" refers to the axial displacement of the switch rail relative to the stock rail or the stock rail relative to the ground; and "lateral movement" refers to the radial displacement of the stock rail relative to the ground.

[0003] The method for monitoring switch rail "close contact" is to measure the radial displacement of the switch rail relative to the stock rail; the method for monitoring switch rail "creep" is to measure the axial displacement of the switch rail relative to the stock rail. Due to the influence of train passage or environmental changes, the stock rail itself will also undergo radial and axial displacement when the ground is used as a reference frame. Therefore, it is also necessary to monitor the "creep" and "lateral movement" of the stock rail relative to the ground. Currently, there is no comprehensive switch monitoring solution. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that there is no perfect turnout monitoring scheme in the prior art for monitoring the "close contact", "creep" and "lateral movement" of the switch rail and the main rail.

[0005] The primary objective of this invention is to provide a turnout integrated monitoring device, comprising a main rail monitoring mechanism and a switch rail monitoring mechanism;

[0006] The basic track monitoring mechanism includes a first fixing component group for fixing to the basic track. The first fixing component group is provided with two mutually perpendicular first displacement sensors and second displacement sensors. The detection ends of the first displacement sensors and the second displacement sensors are respectively provided with a first test piece and a second test piece. Gaps are provided between the first test piece and the first displacement sensor, and between the second test piece and the second displacement sensor. Both the first test piece and the second detection piece are fixed to the sleepers.

[0007] The switch rail monitoring mechanism includes a second fixing component group for fixing to the base rail. The second fixing component group is provided with a fourth displacement sensor and a third displacement sensor that are perpendicular to each other. The detection ends of the fourth displacement sensor and the third displacement sensor are respectively provided with a fourth test component and a third test component. The fourth test component and the third test component are both fixed to the switch rail.

[0008] As one possible design, both the first displacement sensor and the second displacement sensor are magnetostrictive displacement sensors, and both the first test piece and the second test piece are magnets.

[0009] As one possible design, both the fourth and third displacement sensors are magnetostrictive displacement sensors, and both the fourth and third test objects are magnets.

[0010] As one possible design, the fourth displacement sensor is a magnetostrictive displacement sensor, and the fourth measured element is a magnet.

[0011] As one possible design, the first fixing assembly includes two oppositely arranged and connected rail clamps, a first rail clamp and a second rail clamp. A spring is provided on the extension line connecting the first rail clamp and the second rail clamp, and the spring abuts against the first rail clamp or the second rail clamp. The first displacement sensor and the second displacement sensor are respectively fixed on the first rail clamp and the second rail clamp.

[0012] As one possible design, the first test piece and the second test piece are mounted on a mounting plate one, one end of which is connected to a clamping member two, and the clamping member two is connected to at least two parallel clamping members one.

[0013] As one possible design, the fourth and third test pieces are fixed to the switch rail by a second mounting plate, which is L-shaped, and the fourth and third test pieces are fixed to the lower end of the second mounting plate.

[0014] As one possible design, both the first and second rail clamps include a fixing block with a through hole or a threaded hole, and the fixing block is provided with a slot.

[0015] The first and second rail clamps also include a connecting portion extending from the end of the fixing block away from the slot.

[0016] As one possible design, the second fixing assembly includes two oppositely arranged and connected rail clamping members three and four, with a fourth displacement sensor and a third displacement sensor respectively disposed on rail clamping members three and four.

[0017] A second objective of this invention is to provide a monitoring method for the aforementioned turnout integrated monitoring device, comprising:

[0018] The first and second fixing groups are both fixed to the main rail, the first and second test pieces are fixed to the sleepers, and the fourth and third test pieces are both fixed to the switch rail.

[0019] Start the first displacement sensor, the second displacement sensor, the fourth displacement sensor, and the third displacement sensor;

[0020] The first displacement sensor and the second displacement sensor follow the movement of the base rail, while the first and second measured components remain stationary. The first displacement sensor and the second displacement sensor monitor the "crawling" and "lateral" movements of the base rail based on the magnetic field position change signal.

[0021] The fourth and third test pieces move together with the switch rail. The fourth and third displacement sensors sense the changes in the magnetic fields of the fourth and third test pieces, respectively, to monitor the "close contact" and "creeping" of the switch rail.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0023] The turnout integrated monitoring device disclosed in this invention consists of a mains rail monitoring component and a switch rail monitoring component. The mains rail monitoring mechanism monitors the "lateral movement" and "creep" of the mains rail through the relative movement between two first displacement sensors installed on the mains rail and two first test components installed on the sleepers; the switch rail monitoring mechanism monitors the "close contact" and "creep" of the switch rail through the relative movement between a fourth displacement sensor and a third displacement sensor installed on the mains rail and a fourth test component and a third test component installed on the switch rail.

[0024] The solution provided by this invention can simultaneously monitor the continuous movement of both the stock rail and the switch rail. By superimposing the "creeping" data of the stock rail and the switch rail, and then superimposing the "lateral movement" data of the stock rail and the "close contact" data of the switch rail, accurate monitoring of the turnout's operating conditions can be achieved. The spring design compensates for the thermal expansion and contraction of the rails under different environments, ensuring that the basic position of the displacement sensor remains unchanged, thus improving the accuracy, reliability, and safety of the monitoring results. Other railway systems can use the data provided by this integrated turnout monitoring device to analyze and predict changes in railway turnouts, conduct risk assessments, and improve train operation safety. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 This is a top view of the turnout integrated monitoring device installed on the main rail and switch rail in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the basic track monitoring mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a switch rail monitoring mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is another schematic diagram of the switch rail monitoring mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a partial enlarged view of the spring location in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a partial enlarged view of a section of the rail clamping component in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of rail clamping component three or rail clamping component four in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a second mounting plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names:

[0035] 1- Rail clamping component one, 2- Rail clamping component two, 3- Screw, 4- Adapter plate one, 5- Adapter plate two, 6- Clamping component one, 7- Clamping component two, 8- Mounting plate one, 9- Second measured component, 10- First displacement sensor, 11- Spring, 12- Rail clamping component three, 13- Rail clamping component four, 14- Adapter plate three, 15- Mounting plate, 16- Mounting plate two, 17- Rail clamping component five, 18- Adapter plate four, 19- Reflector, 20- Fourth displacement sensor, 101- Slot, 102- Spring slot, 1701- Horizontal plate, 1901- Reflective surface; 21- First measured component; 22- Second displacement sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0037] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0038] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. "Several" means one or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0039] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0040] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0041] Due to the influence of train passage or environmental changes, the main rail itself will also undergo radial and axial displacement when the ground is used as a reference frame. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the "creep" and "lateral movement" of the main rail relative to the ground. However, there is no perfect turnout monitoring device or method in the current technology to monitor the "creep" and "lateral movement" of the main rail relative to the ground.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a turnout integrated monitoring device, including a stock rail monitoring mechanism and a switch rail monitoring mechanism. The stock rail monitoring mechanism is used to monitor the "lateral movement" and "creep" of the stock rail, while the switch rail monitoring mechanism monitors the "close contact" and "creep" of the switch rail, thereby achieving integrated monitoring of the turnout.

[0043] like Figure 2As shown, the basic track monitoring mechanism includes a first fixing assembly for fixing to the basic track. The first fixing assembly is equipped with a first displacement sensor 10 and a second displacement sensor 22 that are perpendicular to each other. A second test piece 9 and a first test piece 21 are respectively attached to the detection ends of the first displacement sensor 10 and the second displacement sensor 22. Gaps are provided between the first test piece 21 and the first displacement sensor 10, and between the second test piece 9 and the second displacement sensor 22. The second test piece 9 is fixed to a sleeper attached to the first test piece 21. The first displacement sensor 10 and the second displacement sensor 22 move with the basic track. Since the second test piece 9 and the first test piece 21 are fixed to the sleeper, they do not move. The "lateral movement" and "creeping" of the basic track are reflected by measuring the signal changes obtained from the first test piece 21 and the second test piece 9 by the first displacement sensor 10 and the second displacement sensor 22, respectively. Here, "creeping" refers to the axial displacement of the basic track relative to the ground.

[0044] In this invention, the first displacement sensor 10 and the first measured component 21 form a monitoring group to reflect the "lateral movement" of the base rail. Therefore, the straight line where the first displacement sensor 10 and the first measured component 21 are located should be perpendicular to the direction of travel, that is, perpendicular to the base rail.

[0045] The second displacement sensor 22 and the second measured component 9 form a monitoring group to reflect the "creep" of the main track. The straight line containing the second displacement sensor 22 and the second measured component 9 should be parallel to the direction of travel, that is, parallel to the main track.

[0046] like Figure 3 As shown, the switch rail monitoring mechanism includes a second fixing assembly for fixing to the base rail. The second fixing assembly is equipped with a fourth displacement sensor 20 and a third displacement sensor, which are perpendicular to each other. The detection ends of the fourth displacement sensor 20 and the third displacement sensor are respectively equipped with a fourth test piece and a third test piece, both of which are fixed to the switch rail. The fourth displacement sensor 20 and the third displacement sensor move with the base rail. Since the fourth test piece and the third test piece are fixed to the switch rail, they move with the switch rail. The signal changes obtained by the fourth displacement sensor 20 and the third displacement sensor from the fourth test piece and the third test piece reflect the "close contact" and "creep" of the switch rail. Here, "creep" refers to the axial displacement of the switch rail relative to the base rail.

[0047] In this invention, the fourth displacement sensor 20 and the fourth measured component form a monitoring group to reflect the "close contact" of the switch rail. Therefore, the straight line where the fourth displacement sensor 20 and the fourth measured component are located should be perpendicular to the base rail.

[0048] The third displacement sensor and the third measured component form a monitoring group to reflect the "creep" of the switch rail. Therefore, the straight line where the third displacement sensor and the third measured component are located should be parallel to the main rail.

[0049] In practical applications, the first displacement sensor 10, the second displacement sensor 22, the fourth displacement sensor 20, and the third displacement sensor can all be the same sensor or different sensors. The first displacement sensor 10, the second displacement sensor 22, the fourth displacement sensor 20, and the third displacement sensor can be magnetostrictive displacement sensors and / or laser displacement sensors. When the displacement sensor is a magnetostrictive displacement sensor, the corresponding measured object is a magnetic block, i.e., a magnet, and the distance between the two is obtained through the change in magnetic force between them. When the displacement sensor is a laser displacement sensor, the corresponding measured object is a reflector 19, used to reflect the light emitted by the laser displacement sensor, and the laser displacement sensor receives the reflected laser light, thereby obtaining the distance between them.

[0050] For example

[0051] The first displacement sensor 10, the second displacement sensor 22, and the fourth displacement sensor 20 are all magnetostrictive displacement sensors, so the first test piece 21, the second test piece 9, and the fourth test piece are all magnetic blocks; the third displacement sensor is a laser displacement sensor, so the third test piece is a reflector 19.

[0052] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first fixing assembly includes two opposing and connected rail-holding components, 1 and 2. A spring 11 (not shown in the figure) is provided on the extension line connecting the rail-holding components 1 and 2, and the spring 11 abuts against either the rail-holding component 1 or the rail-holding component 2. The first displacement sensor 10 and the second displacement sensor 22 are fixed to the rail-holding components 1 and 2. In actual use, the rail-holding components 1 and 2 are respectively connected to both sides of the base rail to achieve fixation between them. Due to the extension and contraction of the spring 11, the thermal expansion and contraction of the base rail under different ambient temperatures can be compensated by the spring 11, preventing the rail-holding components 1 and 2 from loosening or being damaged due to excessive stress.

[0053] like Figure 5 As shown, in order to prevent the spring 11 from bending during the extension and retraction process, a spring groove 102 can be provided on the rail clamp 1 or the rail clamp 2, and part of the spring 11 is placed in the spring groove 102.

[0054] To achieve effective thermal expansion and contraction compensation, the rail clamp 1, rail clamp 2, and spring 11 are connected in series by a screw 3, that is, the screw 3 passes through all three at the same time. The spring 11 can be set on one side of the rail clamp 1 or the rail clamp 2. Nuts can be set at both ends of the screw 3, which not only prevents the screw 3 from slipping out of the rail clamp 1, rail clamp 2, and spring 11, but also abuts against one end of the spring 11, so that the spring 11 can effectively extend and retract.

[0055] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, both rail clamping component 1 and rail clamping component 2 include a fixing block with a through hole or threaded hole, and the fixing block has a slot 101. The slot 101 is used to lock onto the main rail to achieve fixation.

[0056] In practical applications, the first displacement sensor 10 and the second displacement sensor 22 can be installed on the rail clamping component 1 or the rail clamping component 2 at the same time, or one can be installed on the rail clamping component 1 and the other on the rail clamping component 2.

[0057] The connecting portion, extending from one end of the fixing block away from the slot 101, is used to mount the first displacement sensor 10 and the second displacement sensor 22. When both the first displacement sensor 10 and the second displacement sensor 22 are mounted on the rail clamp 1 or the rail clamp 2, the first displacement sensor 10 and the second displacement sensor 22 are mounted vertically and perpendicularly to each other. Here, perpendicularity means that the measuring ends of the two sensors are set perpendicularly to each other.

[0058] The first displacement sensor 10 and the second displacement sensor 22 are installed via adapter plate 4 and adapter plate 5, respectively.

[0059] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 2 As shown, the second test piece 9 is mounted on a mounting plate 8. One end of the mounting plate is connected to a clamping member 7, which is connected to at least two parallel clamping members 6. In practical applications, the two clamping members 6 are clamped onto the sleepers. The clamping member 7 connects the second test piece 9, the first test piece 21, and the clamping member 6. The second test piece 9 and the first test piece 21 are perpendicular to each other, corresponding to the second displacement sensor 22 and the first test piece 10, respectively. To avoid mutual interference between the second test piece 9 and the first test piece 21, they are at different heights from the ground, and the signals generated by the second test piece 9 and the second displacement sensor 22 are perpendicular to the signals generated by the first test piece 21 and the first displacement sensor 10. The clamping member 6 can be square or other shapes that can stably clamp the device.

[0060] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 3 As shown, when both the fourth displacement sensor 20 and the third displacement sensor are magnetostrictive displacement sensors, the second fixing assembly includes two opposing and connected rail clamps, rail clamp three 12 and rail clamp four 13. The structures of rail clamp three 12 and rail clamp four 13 can be the same as those of clamp one 6 or clamp two 7, which will not be described in detail here. The fourth displacement sensor 20 and the third displacement sensor are fixed by adapter plate three 14.

[0061] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 4 As shown, when the fourth displacement sensor 20 is a magnetostrictive displacement sensor and the third displacement sensor is a laser displacement sensor, the fourth measured component is a magnetic block, and the third measured component is a reflector 19; the structure of the rail clamping component three 12 or rail clamping component four 13 (for distinction, rail clamping component three 12 or rail clamping component four 13 is referred to as rail clamping component five 17) for mounting the third displacement sensor is as follows Figure 7 As shown, the rail clamping component 17 includes a fixing block with a through hole or threaded hole. A slot 101 is provided on the fixing block, and one side of the slot 101 extends along its extension line to form a horizontal plate 1701. The horizontal plate 1701 is used to fix the laser displacement sensor. The fourth displacement sensor 20 and the third displacement sensor are fixed by an adapter plate 18.

[0062] The fourth and third test pieces are fixed to the switch rail by mounting plate 2 16, which is L-shaped, and the fourth and third test pieces are fixed to the lower end of mounting plate 2 16.

[0063] When both the fourth displacement sensor 20 and the third displacement sensor are magnetostrictive displacement sensors, a fourth or third test piece is directly mounted on the lower end of the mounting plate 2 16. At the same time, a mounting plate 15 is also connected to the lower end of the mounting plate 2 16. The mounting plate 15 is perpendicular to the lower end of the mounting plate 2 16, and the remaining test pieces are mounted on the mounting plate 15.

[0064] When all four displacement sensors 20 are magnetostrictive displacement sensors, and all three displacement sensors are laser displacement sensors, such as 4 and Figure 8 As shown, the fourth test piece is directly installed at the lower end of the mounting plate 2 16. A reflector 19 is installed at the connection between the vertical and horizontal parts of the mounting plate 2 16. The reflector surface 1901 of the reflector 19 is perpendicular to the fourth test piece. The laser emitting end and receiving end of the laser displacement sensor are both perpendicular to the reflector surface 1901 to effectively realize the reception and reflection of the laser.

[0065] This invention also discloses a monitoring method based on a turnout integrated monitoring device, specifically including the following:

[0066] S1. Fix the first and second fixing groups to the main rail, fix the second test piece 9 to the sleeper, and fix the fourth and third test pieces to the switch rail.

[0067] S2. Activate the first displacement sensor 10, the second displacement sensor 22, the fourth displacement sensor 20, and the third displacement sensor; the first displacement sensor 10 and the second displacement sensor 22 follow the movement of the basic track, while the first measured component 21 and the second measured component 9 remain stationary. The first displacement sensor 10 and the second displacement sensor 22 monitor the "crawling" and "lateral" movements of the basic track based on the magnetic field position change signal.

[0068] S3. The fourth and third test pieces move together with the switch rail. The fourth displacement sensor 20 and the third displacement sensor respectively sense the changes in the magnetic field of the fourth and third test pieces, thereby realizing the monitoring of the "close contact" and "creep" of the switch rail.

[0069] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A turnout integrated monitoring device, characterized in that, This includes the base track monitoring agency and the switch track monitoring agency; The basic track monitoring mechanism includes a first fixing component group for fixing to the basic track. The first fixing component group is provided with two mutually perpendicular first displacement sensors and second displacement sensors. The detection ends of the first displacement sensors and the second displacement sensors are respectively provided with a first test piece and a second test piece. Gaps are provided between the first test piece and the first displacement sensor, and between the second test piece and the second displacement sensor. The first test piece and the second test piece are both fixed to the sleepers. The switch rail monitoring mechanism includes a second fixing component group for fixing to the base rail. The second fixing component group is provided with a fourth displacement sensor and a third displacement sensor that are perpendicular to each other. The detection ends of the fourth displacement sensor and the third displacement sensor are respectively provided with a fourth test piece and a third test piece. The fourth test piece and the third test piece are both fixed to the switch rail. The first fixing component group includes two oppositely arranged and connected rail clamping component one and rail clamping component two. A spring is provided on the extension line connecting rail clamping component one and rail clamping component two, and the spring abuts against rail clamping component one or rail clamping component two. The first displacement sensor and the second displacement sensor are respectively fixed on rail clamping component one and rail clamping component two. The base rail monitoring mechanism is used to monitor the "creep" and "lateral movement" of the base rail relative to the ground; the switch rail monitoring mechanism is used to monitor the "close contact" and "creep" of the switch rail relative to the base rail; The first test piece and the second test piece are mounted on a mounting plate one. One end of the mounting plate one is connected to a clamping member two, and the clamping member two is connected to at least two parallel clamping members one. The first clamp is clamped onto the sleeper, and the second clamp is used to connect the second test piece, the first test piece, and the first clamp.

2. The turnout integrated monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first displacement sensor and the second displacement sensor are magnetostrictive displacement sensors, and both the first test piece and the second test piece are magnets.

3. The turnout integrated monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the fourth displacement sensor and the third displacement sensor are magnetostrictive displacement sensors, and both the fourth and third test objects are magnets.

4. The turnout integrated monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fourth displacement sensor is a magnetostrictive displacement sensor, and the fourth measured component is a magnet.

5. The turnout integrated monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fourth and third test pieces are fixed to the switch rail by mounting plate two, which is L-shaped, and the fourth and third test pieces are fixed to the lower end of mounting plate two.

6. The turnout integrated monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first and second rail clamps include a fixing block with a through hole or a threaded hole, and the fixing block is provided with a slot. The first and second rail clamps also include a connecting portion extending from the end of the fixing block away from the slot.

7. The turnout integrated monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second fixing component group includes two oppositely arranged and connected rail clamping components three and four, and a fourth displacement sensor and a third displacement sensor are respectively disposed on rail clamping components three and four.

8. A monitoring method based on the turnout integrated monitoring device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The monitoring method includes; The first and second fixing groups are both fixed to the main rail, the first and second test pieces are fixed to the sleepers, and the fourth and third test pieces are both fixed to the switch rail. Start the first displacement sensor, the second displacement sensor, the fourth displacement sensor, and the third displacement sensor; The first displacement sensor and the second displacement sensor follow the movement of the base rail, while the first and second measured components remain stationary. The first displacement sensor and the second displacement sensor monitor the "crawling" and "lateral" movements of the base rail based on the magnetic field position change signal. The fourth and third test pieces move together with the switch rail. The fourth and third displacement sensors sense the changes in the magnetic fields of the fourth and third test pieces, respectively, to monitor the "close contact" and "creeping" of the switch rail.

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