A kind of quicksand stratum excavation earth pressure balance shield simulation device and method

Abstract

This invention provides a simulation device and method for earth pressure balance shield tunneling in quicksand strata, relating to the field of shield tunneling simulation equipment. Addressing the current problems of inconvenient support and easy collapse of the excavation face during simulated quicksand excavation, the tunnel segments are fitted outside the support simulation module and the self-unlocking module, and enter the tunnel along with the tunneling module. This eliminates the need for post-excavation assembly within the tunnel. After tunneling is completed, the self-unlocking module can be withdrawn from the tunnel along with the support simulation module, allowing the tunneling module and the tunnel segments placed inside the tunnel to provide joint support, preventing the collapse of the excavation face and forming the stable support space required for the experiment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel boring machine (TBM) simulation equipment, and more specifically to a TBM simulation device and method for excavating in quicksand strata with earth pressure balance. Background Technology

[0002] Shield tunneling is a continuous and dynamic process. Physical simulation tests using scaled-down shield tunneling equipment can study the stability issues of the tunnel, such as deformation and failure, during the tunneling process. After loading the model, the tunneling and support processes are simulated, and data such as deformation, strain, and stress within the model are monitored in real time. The test results can guide on-site construction. Earth pressure balance shield tunneling machines are commonly used in tunnels in quicksand strata, bearing the pressure from the ground and preventing the intrusion of groundwater or quicksand.

[0003] Currently, the miniature shield tunneling equipment used for simulation tests can simulate the actual shield machine's jacking, soil cutting, and excavation processes, and adjust the corresponding operating parameters. However, due to the small overall size after scaling down, it is inconvenient to assemble the tunnel segments, making tunnel support difficult to achieve. In addition, existing earth pressure balance shield tunneling machine simulation test equipment will completely remove the test model after the shield tunneling is completed. When simulating shield tunneling construction in quicksand strata, the excavation face is located in quicksand strata, and stability is maintained by the pressure of the front cutterhead and balance chamber. After the shield device is removed, the excavation face will collapse, causing instability and damage to the established tunnel structure, which is difficult to meet the stability requirements of the test model. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a simulation device and method for earth pressure balance shield tunneling in quicksand strata. The tunnel segments are fitted outside the support simulation module and the self-unlocking module and enter the tunnel along with the tunneling module, eliminating the need for assembly inside the tunnel after excavation. After tunneling is completed, the self-unlocking module can be withdrawn from the tunnel along with the support simulation module, so that the tunneling module and the tunnel segments placed inside the tunnel can jointly support each other, preventing the collapse of the excavation face and forming the stable support space required for the test.

[0005] The primary objective of this invention is to provide a simulation device for earth pressure balance shield tunneling in quicksand strata, employing the following scheme:

[0006] include:

[0007] The tunneling module is equipped with a pressure chamber;

[0008] The support simulation module is connected to the power forward module, and an internal slag discharge module connected to the pressure chamber is installed.

[0009] The self-unlocking module is connected to the support simulation module at one end and can be detachably connected to the tunneling module at the other end. The self-unlocking module and some sections of the support simulation module are covered with tunnel segments.

[0010] After the self-unlocking module detaches from the tunneling module along with the support simulation module, the tunneling module and the tunnel segments jointly support the tunnel formed by excavation, creating a support space.

[0011] Furthermore, the tunneling module extends axially at one end near the self-unlocking module to form a tunneling cylinder. The self-unlocking module is inserted into the tunneling cylinder at one end near the tunneling module. A pin that moves radially is provided in the insertion position. The self-unlocking module can drive the pin to pass through the insertion position to lock or withdraw from the insertion position to unlock.

[0012] Furthermore, the pin is installed on the positioning slider, and the positioning slider is slidably connected to the self-unlocking module; the self-unlocking module and the corresponding insertion position area of ​​the tunneling cylinder are respectively provided with locking holes for the pin to pass through.

[0013] Furthermore, the self-unlocking module also includes a moving disk and a locking drive. The locking drive drives the moving disk to reciprocate axially relative to the main body of the self-unlocking module, and the end of the moving disk facing the tunneling module acts on the positioning slider.

[0014] Furthermore, the power forward module includes a matching sliding plate and a slide rail. The support simulation module is mounted on the sliding plate via a bracket, and the sliding plate is connected to the tunneling drive unit via a lower support.

[0015] Furthermore, the slide rail is laid on the mounting frame, the tunneling drive component is arranged on the mounting frame, and a waste box that moves with the support simulation module is fitted on the slide rail to receive the slag output by the slag discharge module.

[0016] Furthermore, one end of the tunneling module is a tunneling cutterhead, and the other end is connected to a self-unlocking module. The waste slag channel of the pressure chamber is connected to the slag discharge module. Earth pressure sensors are installed in the pressure chamber and the slag discharge channel respectively.

[0017] Furthermore, the slag discharge module includes a stirring cage pipe and stirring cage blades installed inside the stirring cage pipe. The stirring cage hydraulic motor drives the stirring cage blades to rotate around the axis of the stirring cage pipe to adjust the pressure in the backup pressure chamber.

[0018] A second objective of this invention is to provide a simulation method for an earth pressure balance shield tunneling simulation device for excavating quicksand strata as described in the first objective, comprising:

[0019] Assemble the model stand and create the experimental model;

[0020] The tunneling module is aligned with the pre-excavated opening, and according to the set tunneling distance, the tunnel lining segments are installed outside the support simulation module and the self-unlocking module. The support simulation module is connected to the tunneling module through the self-unlocking module.

[0021] The drive cutterhead is operated, the power forward module drives the overall tunneling, and the excavated soil is discharged through the slag discharge module to keep the pressure at the excavation face the same as that in the pressure chamber.

[0022] The tunnel segments follow the self-unlocking module and the support simulation module into the excavated tunnel to form support;

[0023] After the tunnel boring machine (TBM) is completed, the self-unlocking module unlocks and detaches from the tunneling module. The self-unlocking module then follows the support simulation module to leave the tunnel. The tunneling module and the tunnel segments work together to support the tunnel formed by the excavation, creating a support space.

[0024] Furthermore, after the tunnel lining segments are installed, materials are injected into the pressure chamber, and the pressure at the excavation face and in the pressure chamber is monitored during the tunneling process.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of this invention are:

[0026] (1) In view of the current problems of inconvenient support and easy collapse of the excavation face when simulating quicksand strata excavation, the segment is set outside the support simulation module and the self-unlocking module and enters the tunnel with the tunneling module, eliminating the process of assembling in the tunnel after excavation. After the tunneling is completed, the self-unlocking module can be withdrawn from the tunnel with the support simulation module, so that the tunneling module and the segment placed in the tunnel can jointly support each other, avoid the collapse of the excavation face, and form the stable support space required for the test.

[0027] (2) The support simulation module and the tunneling module are detachably connected by the self-unlocking module. They are separated when the segments are installed, so that the ring segments can be installed on the support simulation module and the self-unlocking module. At the same time, after tunneling, the tunneling module can be left in the tunnel and the support simulation module and the self-unlocking module can be extracted from the segments to meet the test requirements.

[0028] (3) The locking drive can drive the moving disk to reciprocate and act on the positioning slider. The positioning slider drives the pin to lock or unlock the self-unlocking module and the tunneling module. The operation is carried out from the inside, reducing the difficulty of operation and reducing the disturbance to the tunnel and the tunnel segments. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the earth pressure balance shield tunneling simulation device for excavating quicksand strata in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a top view of the earth pressure balance shield tunneling simulation device for excavating quicksand strata in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the auger blade and auger tube in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a section at point B.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the tunneling module in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the self-unlocking module in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the self-unlocking module unlocking in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the tunneling module and the test model in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the test model after excavation in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0039] The components are as follows: 1. Tunneling module: 1-1. Cutterhead tray; 1-2. Cutterhead connector; 1-3. Tunneling cutterhead; 1-4. Pressure chamber; 1-5. Pressure chamber baffle; 1-6. Motor bracket; 1-7. Rotary shaft; 1-8. Earth pressure sensor; 1-9. Hydraulic motor; 1-10. Waste slag channel; 2. Support simulation module: 2-1. Retaining ring; 2-2. Segment guide; 2-3. Segment; 3. Power forward module: 3-1. Slide rail; 3-2. Tile frame; 3-3. Mounting frame; 3-4. Sliding plate; 3-5. Lower support. Frame, 3-6, Power cylinder; 4, Slag discharge module, 4-1, Waste bin, 4-2, Stirring cage hydraulic motor, 4-3, Stirring cage blade, 4-4, Stirring cage pipe; 5, Self-unlocking module, 5-1, Positioning slider bracket, 5-2, Spring, 5-3, Locking hole, 5-4, Connecting pipe, 5-5, Moving plate, 5-6, Cylinder mounting plate, 5-7, Locking cylinder, 5-8, Positioning slider, 5-9, Pin; 6, Model stand; 7, Test model, 7-1, Support space, 7-2, Unsupported part, 7-3, Excavation face. Detailed Implementation

[0040] Example 1

[0041] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 1-9 As shown, a simulation device for earth pressure balance shield tunneling in quicksand strata is presented.

[0042] In existing earth pressure balance shield tunneling simulation test devices, the entire shield tunneling device is removed from the test model 7 after the shield tunneling is completed. However, in quicksand strata, the excavation face 7-3 will collapse after the shield tunneling device is removed, which is not conducive to the stability of the entire test model 7.

[0043] Based on this, this embodiment provides a simulation device for earth pressure balance shield tunneling in quicksand strata, which can insert the entire ring of tunnel segments 2-3 into the excavated tunnel to form support, and can detach the tunneling module 1 as part of the support structure and leave it in the excavated tunnel, ensuring the stability of the excavation face 7-3 and the tunnel, and meeting the needs of the simulation test of cavern excavation support in quicksand strata.

[0044] The following is a detailed description of the earth pressure balance shield tunneling simulation device for excavating quicksand strata, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] See Figure 1 The earth pressure balance shield tunneling simulation device for excavating quicksand strata mainly includes a tunneling module 1, a slag removal module 4, a support simulation module 2, a power forward module 3, and a self-unlocking module 5. The support simulation module 2 is connected to the self-unlocking module 5, and the self-unlocking module 5 is detachably connected to the tunneling module 1. The power forward module 3 can drive the support simulation module 2 to move, thereby driving the tunneling module 1 and the self-unlocking module 5 to move. One end of the slag removal module 4 is connected to the tunneling module 1 to obtain the slag excavated by the tunneling module 1, and the other end passes through the self-unlocking module 5 and the support simulation module 2 and is led out to the outside to discharge the slag.

[0046] like Figure 2 As shown, segments 2-3 are fitted over the self-unlocking module 5 and a portion of the support simulation module 2. The number of segments 2-3 is selected based on the set tunneling distance. After the self-unlocking module 5 detaches from the tunneling module 1 along with the support simulation module 2, the tunneling module 1 and segments 2-3 jointly support the excavated tunnel, forming a support space 7-1. The segments covered by segments 2-3 within the excavated tunnel are supported by segments 2-3, while the unsupported portions 7-2 within the excavated tunnel not covered by segments 2-3 are supported by the detached tunneling module 1. Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown.

[0047] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the tunneling module 1 mainly includes a cutterhead 1-3, a cutterhead tray 1-1, an earth pressure sensor 1-8, a pressure chamber 1-4, a rotating shaft 1-7, a pressure chamber baffle 1-5, a cutterhead connecting pipe 5-41-2, a motor bracket 1-6, and a hydraulic motor 1-9. The cutterhead is connected to the hydraulic motor 1-9 via the rotating shaft 1-7 to achieve rotating tunneling at different speeds; for example... Figure 5As shown, the tunneling cutterhead 1-3 is mounted on the cutterhead bracket, and a rotating shaft 1-7 bearing is designed between the cutterhead bracket and the rotating shaft 1-7. A waste slag channel 1-10 is opened on the cutterhead bracket, and the waste slag generated during tunneling enters the pressure chamber 1-4 through the waste slag channel 1-10. The pressure chamber 1-4 is used to balance the pressure of quicksand at the excavation face 7-3. During excavation, a portion of material can be pre-stored in the pressure chamber 1-4 so that the pressure of the material in the pressure chamber 1-4 is the same as the pressure of the excavation face 7-3 squeezing into the pressure chamber 1-4. An earth pressure sensor 1-8 is installed at the pressure chamber 1-4 and the waste slag channel 1-10. When the pressure in the pressure chamber 1-4 is detected to be higher than the marked pressure, the slag discharge module 4 starts to work.

[0048] like Figure 3 As shown, the slag discharge module 4 mainly includes a stirring cage 4-3, a stirring cage pipe 4-4, a stirring cage hydraulic motor 4-21-9, and a waste bin 4-1. The stirring cage 4-3 and the stirring cage pipe 4-4 pass through the baffle 1-5 of the pressure chamber and enter the pressure chamber 1-4. The stirring cage hydraulic motor 4-21-9 drives the stirring cage 4-3 to rotate in both directions, enabling material input and discharge. Based on feedback from the earth pressure sensor 1-8, the rotational speed of the stirring cage 4-3 can be adjusted in real time to promptly adjust the pressure inside the pressure chamber 1-4.

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, the support simulation module 2 mainly includes a segment guide 2-2, a segment 2-3, and a retaining ring 2-1. The segment guide 2-2 passes through the segment 2-3, and the two can move relative to each other to facilitate the fitting of the segment 2-3 into the sleeve of the segment 2-3, and also to facilitate the removal of the segment guide 2-2 from the support structure formed by the segment 2-3 after tunneling is completed. The retaining ring 2-1 is used to clamp the segment 2-3. By adjusting the position of the retaining ring 2-1, the number of segments 2-3 can be changed according to the tunneling distance.

[0050] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 The tunneling module 1 extends axially at one end near the self-unlocking module 5 to form a tunneling cylinder. The self-unlocking module 5 is inserted into the tunneling cylinder at one end near the tunneling module 1. A radially movable pin 5-9 is provided in the insertion position. The self-unlocking module 5 can drive the pin 5-9 to pass through the insertion position to lock or withdraw from the insertion position to unlock.

[0051] Pin 5-9 is installed on positioning slider 5-8, and positioning slider 5-8 is slidably connected to self-unlocking module 5; self-unlocking module 5 and tunneling cylinder are respectively provided with locking holes 5-3 for pin 5-9 to pass through in the corresponding insertion position area.

[0052] The self-unlocking module 5 also includes a moving disk 5-5 and a locking drive. The locking drive drives the moving disk 5-5 to reciprocate axially relative to the main body of the self-unlocking module 5. The end of the moving disk 5-5 facing the tunneling module 1 acts on the positioning slider 5-8.

[0053] In this embodiment, the self-unlocking module 5 includes a connecting pipe 5-4, a positioning slider bracket 5-1, a positioning slider 5-8, a moving disk 5-5, a hydraulic cylinder mounting disk 5-6, and a locking hydraulic cylinder 5-7. The connecting pipe 5-4 serves as the main structure of the self-unlocking module 5, with one end connected to the tunneling cylinder of the tunneling module 1 and the other end connected to the segment guide 2-2 of the dynamic support simulation module 2. The end of the connecting pipe 5-4 connected to the tunneling module 1 is equipped with a positioning slider bracket 5-1, which has a radial groove for the positioning slider 5-8 to slide on. The hydraulic cylinder mounting disk 5-6 is spaced apart from the positioning slider bracket 5-1 and coaxially installed within the connecting pipe 5-4.

[0054] like Figure 6 As shown, three radial grooves can be configured, evenly arranged along the circumference, with a corresponding positioning slider 5-8 installed in each radial groove. The positioning slider 5-8 has a wedge-shaped structure, with its inclined surface facing the axis of the connecting pipe 5-4; the moving disk 5-5 is located between the positioning slider bracket 5-1 and the cylinder mounting disk 5-6; the locking cylinder 5-7 serves as the locking drive component, and is mounted on the cylinder mounting disk 5-6. The output end of the locking cylinder 5-7 is connected to the moving disk 5-5, driving the moving disk 5-5 to reciprocate along the inner axis of the connecting pipe 5-4.

[0055] like Figure 7 As shown, one end of the movable disk 5-5 is a conical structure that fits the inclined surface of the positioning slider 5-8. The positioning slider 5-8 is designed with a spring 5-2 and a pin 5-9. When the locking cylinder 5-7 is pushed out, the movable disk 5-5 moves towards the positioning slider bracket 5-1. The front part of the movable disk 5-5 is a conical structure that contacts the inclined surface of the positioning slider 5-8, thereby driving the positioning slider 5-8 and the pin 5-9 to move radially outward. The pin 5-9 is inserted into the locking hole 5-3 of the connecting pipe 5-4 to realize the connection between the tunneling module 1 and the self-unlocking module 5, thereby realizing the automatic locking between the support simulation modules 2.

[0056] A spring 5-2 is provided on the positioning slider 5-8, which can contact the connecting pipe 5-4; when the locking cylinder 5-7 moves in the opposite direction and retracts, the spring 5-2 will spring the positioning slider 5-8 back to its original position, and the pin 5-9 will be pulled out from the locking hole 5-3 to unlock.

[0057] like Figure 8 As shown, the power forward module 3 includes a sliding plate 3-4 and a slide rail 3-1 that cooperate with each other. The support simulation module 2 is installed on the sliding plate 3-4 through the bracket 3-2. The sliding plate 3-4 is connected to the tunneling drive component through the lower bracket 3-5.

[0058] The slide rail 3-1 is laid on the mounting frame 3-3, the tunneling drive component is arranged on the mounting frame 3-3, and the waste box 4-1, which moves with the support simulation module 2, is fitted on the slide rail 3-1 to receive the slag output by the slag discharge module 4.

[0059] The sliding plate 3-4 is connected to the segment guide 2-2 of the support simulation module 2 through the tile frame 3-2, so that the tunneling module 1, the self-unlocking module 5 and the support simulation module 2 move together along the slide rail 3-1. The tunneling drive component is a power cylinder 3-6, which provides power for its movement relative to the slide rail 3-1.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] In another typical embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 1-9 As shown, a simulation method for an earth pressure balance shield tunneling device for excavating quicksand strata is presented.

[0062] Using the earth pressure balance shield tunneling simulation device for excavating quicksand strata as described in Example 1, the following steps are included:

[0063] Assemble the model stand 6 and make the experimental model 7;

[0064] The tunneling module 1 is aligned with the pre-excavated opening, and according to the set tunneling distance, the tunnel segments 2-3 are installed outside the support simulation module 2 and the self-unlocking module 5. The support simulation module 2 is connected to the tunneling module 1 through the self-unlocking module 5.

[0065] The drive cutterhead 1-3 is in operation, the power forward module 3 drives the overall tunneling, and the excavated soil is discharged through the slag discharge module 4, keeping the pressure of the excavation face 7-3 the same as that of the pressure chamber 1-4.

[0066] Segment 2-3 follows the self-unlocking module 5 and the support simulation module 2 into the excavated tunnel to form support;

[0067] After the tunnel boring machine is completed, the self-unlocking module 5 unlocks and detaches from the tunneling module 1. The self-unlocking module 5 then follows the support simulation module 2 to leave the tunnel. The tunneling module 1 and the tunnel segments 2-3 jointly support the tunnel formed by the excavation, forming the support space 7-1.

[0068] In this embodiment, the self-unlocking module 5 is unlocked, and the segment 2-3 is fitted over the outside of the segment guide 2-2 according to the tunneling distance, and then secured with the retaining ring 2-1. Before tunneling, material at a certain pressure is injected into the pressure chamber 1-4, and tunneling begins. Through monitoring by the earth pressure sensor 1-8, the pressure at the excavation face 7-3 is kept the same as that in the pressure chamber 1-4 to prevent the excavation face 7-3 from collapsing.

[0069] Segment 2-3 is fitted outside the support simulation module 2 and the self-unlocking module 5, and enters the tunnel along with the tunneling module 1, eliminating the need for assembly inside the tunnel after excavation. After tunneling is completed, the self-unlocking module 5 can be withdrawn from the tunnel along with the support simulation module 2, so that the tunneling module 1 and the segment 2-3 placed in the tunnel can provide joint support, preventing the collapse of the excavation face 7-3 and forming the stable support space 7-1 required for the test.

[0070] After the model test is completed, the tunneling module 1 buried in the test model 7 can be excavated and reused in subsequent tests.

[0071] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simulation device for earth pressure balance shield tunneling in quicksand strata, characterized in that, include: The tunneling module is equipped with a pressure chamber; The support simulation module is connected to the power forward module, and an internal slag discharge module connected to the pressure chamber is installed. The self-unlocking module is connected to the support simulation module at one end and can be detachably connected to the tunneling module at the other end. The self-unlocking module and some sections of the support simulation module are covered with tunnel segments. The self-unlocking module also includes a moving disk and a locking drive component. The locking drive component drives the moving disk to reciprocate along the axial direction relative to the main body of the self-unlocking module. The end of the moving disk facing the tunneling module acts on the positioning slider. After the self-unlocking module detaches from the tunneling module along with the support simulation module, the tunneling module and the tunnel segments jointly support the tunnel formed by excavation, creating a support space.

2. The soil pressure balance shield tunneling simulation apparatus for quicksand formation excavation of claim 1, wherein, The tunneling module extends axially at one end near the self-unlocking module to form a tunneling cylinder. The self-unlocking module is inserted into the tunneling cylinder at one end near the tunneling module. A radially movable pin is provided in the insertion position. The self-unlocking module can drive the pin to pass through the insertion position to lock or withdraw from the insertion position to unlock.

3. The soil pressure balance shield tunneling simulation apparatus for quicksand formation excavation of claim 2, wherein, The pin is installed on the positioning slider, and the positioning slider is slidably connected to the self-unlocking module; the self-unlocking module and the corresponding insertion position area of ​​the tunneling cylinder are respectively provided with locking holes for the pin to pass through.

4. The sand layer excavation earth pressure balance shield simulation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The power forward module includes a matching sliding plate and a slide rail. The support simulation module is mounted on the sliding plate via a bracket, and the sliding plate is connected to the tunneling drive unit via a lower support.

5. The soil pressure balance shield tunneling simulation apparatus according to claim 4, wherein The slide rail is laid on the mounting frame, the tunneling drive component is arranged on the mounting frame, and the slide rail is equipped with a waste box that moves with the support simulation module to receive the slag output by the slag discharge module.

6. The sand layer excavation earth pressure balance shield simulation apparatus of claim 1, wherein One end of the tunneling module is a tunneling cutterhead, and the other end is connected to a self-unlocking module. The waste slag channel of the pressure chamber is connected to the slag discharge module. Earth pressure sensors are installed in the pressure chamber and the slag discharge channel respectively.

7. The soil pressure balance shield tunneling simulation apparatus according to claim 6, wherein The slag discharge module includes a stirring cage pipe and stirring cage blades installed inside the stirring cage pipe. The stirring cage hydraulic motor drives the stirring cage blades to rotate around the axis of the stirring cage pipe to adjust the pressure in the backup pressure chamber.

8. A method of simulating the earth pressure balance shield tunneling in quicksand formation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, include: Assemble the model stand and create the experimental model; The tunneling module is aligned with the pre-excavated opening, and according to the set tunneling distance, the tunnel lining segments are installed outside the support simulation module and the self-unlocking module. The support simulation module is connected to the tunneling module through the self-unlocking module. The drive cutterhead is operated, the power forward module drives the overall tunneling, and the excavated soil is discharged through the slag discharge module to keep the pressure at the excavation face the same as that in the pressure chamber. The tunnel segments follow the self-unlocking module and the support simulation module into the excavated tunnel to form support; After the tunnel boring machine (TBM) is completed, the self-unlocking module unlocks and detaches from the tunneling module. The self-unlocking module then follows the support simulation module to leave the tunnel. The tunneling module and the tunnel segments work together to support the tunnel formed by the excavation, creating a support space.

9. The simulation method of the sand layer excavation earth pressure balance shield simulation device according to claim 8, characterized by, After the tunnel lining segments are installed, materials are injected into the pressure chamber, and the pressure at the excavation face and in the pressure chamber is monitored during the tunneling process.

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