A normally open brake caliper with automatic adjustment gap by floating piston

Abstract

The present application belongs to brake caliper technical field, especially be a kind of open type brake caliper of automatic adjustment gap using floating piston, including oil cylinder assembly and caliper body assembly, the oil cylinder assembly includes oil cylinder cylinder body, the inside of the oil cylinder cylinder body is equipped with limit stop ring, the limit stop ring is isolated to form adjustment cavity and working oil cavity with oil cylinder cylinder body, floating piston is placed in the working oil cavity.In the present application, the two oil chambers of brake caliper oil cylinder assembly are independent, and the sealing property does not interfere with each other, and only one piston of double piston extends out of the oil cylinder, and the single-side piston extending out of the oil cylinder replaces the double piston extending out of the oil cylinder, which solves the problems of no support point, instability, short service life of sealing element and oil leakage of the oil cylinder cylinder body, so that the gap is compensated, and the equipment is more stable and reliable, in addition, the brake block and brake disc of the brake caliper can stably and reliably automatically compensate the extension amount of the oil cylinder piston after wear, so that the brake block and brake disc automatically maintain an ideal brake gap.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of brake caliper technology, and particularly relates to hydraulic disc brake devices for oil drilling rigs, well workover rigs, geological exploration drilling rigs, wind turbine generator sets and marine anchor winches, especially a normally open brake caliper that uses a floating piston to automatically adjust the clearance. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the commonly used normally open pliers on the market mainly include (1) adjusting the extension and retraction of the tension spring, (2) adjusting the extension and retraction of the piston or cylinder with a nut, (3) manually adjusting the extension and retraction of the piston by injecting oil, and (4) using a fixed piston at one end to complete automatic adjustment. The first three types of normally open pliers require manual adjustment of the gap. If the adjustment is not timely or ineffective, the gap between the brake pads and brake discs will continue to increase as they wear, resulting in a slower and slower braking response. The brake pads are constantly in extreme contact with the brake discs, which greatly affects the braking speed on site. In addition, there are situations where the labor intensity of workers is high or ineffective operations occur frequently. The fourth type of normally open pliers that uses a fixed piston at one end to complete automatic adjustment generally requires two pistons. Its disadvantages are: a) both pistons have a support point, but the cylinder body does not have a support point. The weight of the cylinder body falls entirely on the seal inside the cylinder, which greatly reduces the service life of the seal. (b) Loss of cylinder support causes the cylinder body and the pistons on both sides to become misaligned during braking and release, resulting in severe instability of the cylinder assembly. This leads to repeated compression and friction damage to the piston seals, reducing their lifespan. Both of these drawbacks significantly impact the lifespan of the cylinder's internal seals. The lifespan of such cylinder seals on the market is very short, requiring users to frequently replace the seals or even the entire cylinder, severely impacting on-site construction progress.

[0003] Chinese invention patent CN203702944U discloses a bidirectional dual-piston hydraulic automatic clearance compensation cylinder, specifically disclosing that the cylinder includes: a cylinder body, including a first oil chamber and a second oil chamber disposed within the cylinder body; a one-way valve for connecting the first oil chamber and the second oil chamber; oil ports, including a first oil port and a second oil port respectively communicating with the first oil chamber and the second oil chamber; an exhaust pressure testing connector connected to the second oil port; pistons, including a first piston and a second piston respectively disposed within the first oil chamber and the second oil chamber; a cylinder head, including a first cylinder head and a second cylinder head connected to the cylinder body; and a breather hole, including a first breather hole and a second breather hole respectively disposed on the first cylinder head and the second cylinder head. This bidirectional dual-piston hydraulic automatic clearance compensation cylinder can solve the problems of poor braking ability, wasted resources due to increased hydraulic pressure, unstable clearance adjustment, and complex structure in existing automatic clearance adjustment methods. However, when the two pistons extend simultaneously without concentricity, piston instability will occur, resulting in short lifespan of the seals and oil leakage, reduced safety, increased workload for users, and delays in construction. Therefore, a normally open brake caliper that uses a floating piston to automatically adjust the clearance is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a normally open brake caliper that utilizes a floating piston to automatically adjust the clearance. This brake caliper solves the problem in the prior art where two pistons are fixed at one end, causing the cylinder body to lose support and the cylinder body's weight to fall entirely on the seal inside the cylinder. It also solves the problem that the cylinder body and the two pistons cannot be coaxial, resulting in severe instability of the cylinder assembly during use.

[0005] A normally open brake caliper that uses a floating piston to automatically adjust the clearance includes a cylinder assembly and a caliper body assembly. The cylinder assembly includes a cylinder body, and a limiting ring is provided inside the cylinder body to isolate the cylinder body into an adjustment chamber and a working oil chamber. A floating piston is placed in the working oil chamber, and an adjusting piston is placed in the adjustment chamber. The cylinder head A passes through the piston rod of the adjusting piston and is connected and fixed to the cylinder body. The cylinder head B is connected and fixed to the cylinder body. An annular baffle is fixedly sleeved on the adjusting piston. Two self-adjusting compensation mechanisms are symmetrically distributed between the annular baffle and the cylinder head A.

[0006] An oil inlet is provided on the cylinder head B of the hydraulic cylinder. Hydraulic oil P enters the working oil chamber through the oil inlet, pushing the floating piston to move to the left, so that the floating piston fits against the limit ring in the cylinder body. When the hydraulic oil pressure is greater than a certain value, it enters the regulating chamber through the one-way safety valve, pushing the regulating piston to move towards the cylinder head A. At the same time, the hydraulic oil will squeeze the air between the floating piston and the regulating piston out of the cylinder body through the exhaust joint.

[0007] The adjusting piston is equipped with a fourth sealing ring, a third guide band, and a fifth sealing ring; a groove is provided on the right side of the adjusting piston, which allows a certain gap to be left between the floating piston and the adjusting piston when the floating piston moves to the limit stop ring.

[0008] A round hole is milled on the left side of the piston rod of the adjusting piston, and a copper sleeve is installed in the round hole; a round hole is milled on the boss on the right side of the cylinder head B, and a copper sleeve is installed in the round hole. The adjusting piston and the cylinder head B are respectively hinged to the clamp arm by the first pin. Two helical tension spring adjusting devices are installed between the first pins, and the helical tension spring adjusting devices are installed on both sides of the first pin.

[0009] The clamp assembly includes two clamp arms, which are hinged together by a support rod located in the middle. The support rod is mounted on the clamp frame. The lower part of the clamp arm is hinged to the back plate by a third pin. Brake blocks are installed on the inner side of both back plates. The brake disc is fixedly mounted on the winch drum that needs to be braked and rotates with the winch drum. The clamp frame is welded to the winch frame.

[0010] Preferably, the left side of the floating piston is a circular boss, and a threaded hole is provided in the center of the circular boss. The threaded hole is connected to the countersunk hole in the center of the right side of the floating piston. The one-way safety valve is installed in the countersunk hole and screwed into the threaded hole.

[0011] Preferably, the circular boss on the left side of the floating piston forms a clearance fit with the circular hole in the center of the limiting retaining ring, which serves to straighten the floating piston.

[0012] Preferably, a first sealing ring, a first guide band, and a second sealing ring are installed on the floating piston; a slot that mates with a one-way safety valve is provided on the inner side of the cylinder head B.

[0013] Preferably, the cylinder head A has a guide hole at its center, and a dustproof ring and a second guide belt are installed in the guide hole. The piston rod of the adjusting piston passes through the guide hole at the center of the cylinder head A and makes frictional contact with the dustproof ring and the second guide belt. The cylinder head A straightens the adjusting piston to move in the adjusting cavity.

[0014] Preferably, a threaded through hole is opened in the cylinder body of the regulating chamber and the working oil chamber near the limit retaining ring, and an exhaust connector is installed in each of the threaded through holes.

[0015] Preferably, the self-adjusting compensation mechanism includes a cylinder barrel fixedly connected to the cylinder head A. A piston rod 2 is slidably mounted through the cylinder barrel on the side away from the cylinder head A. The end of the piston rod 2 away from the cylinder head A is fixedly connected to an annular baffle. A piston plate 2, which is slidably connected to the inner wall of the cylinder barrel, is fixedly mounted on the end of the piston rod 2 near the cylinder head A. A round rod is mounted on the side of the piston plate 2 away from the piston rod 2. A cylinder is sleeved on the round rod. A piston plate 3, which is slidably connected to the inner wall of the cylinder barrel, is fixedly mounted on the side of the cylinder away from the piston plate 2.

[0016] Preferably, a plurality of springs arranged in a circumferential array are fixedly installed between the piston plate three and the piston plate two. A one-way bearing is embedded and fixedly installed on the side of the piston plate two near the piston plate three. The one-way bearing is fixedly sleeved on the round rod. A retaining ring is provided between the piston plate two and the piston plate three. The retaining ring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylinder.

[0017] Preferably, the inner wall of the cylinder is provided with a plurality of spiral guide grooves arranged in a circumferential array, and the side of the cylindrical rod is fixedly installed with a plurality of spiral guide ribs that are adapted to the plurality of spiral guide grooves.

[0018] This invention features two independent oil chambers in the cylinder assembly, ensuring their sealing does not interfere with each other. Only one piston extends from the cylinder in a dual-piston configuration, replacing the previous double-piston extension design. This solves the problems of cylinder body lacking support points, instability, short seal life, and oil leakage. It compensates for gaps while making the equipment more stable and reliable, improving braking response speed, greatly extending the service life of the cylinder and seals, and reducing worker workload and unnecessary operations. The normally open brake caliper, utilizing a floating piston for automatic gap adjustment, has an automatic adjustment function. After the brake pads and brake disc wear, it can reliably and automatically compensate for the extension of the cylinder piston, maintaining an ideal braking gap. This significantly reduces the pressure and wear on the seals, extending their service life, greatly extending the equipment's maintenance cycle, and significantly improving the braking speed and automation of the hydraulic disc brake, while reducing operator workload. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the hydraulic cylinder assembly and the clamp body assembly in this invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the hydraulic cylinder assembly in this invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a side sectional view of the self-adjusting compensation mechanism in this invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the round rod and the cylinder in this invention.

[0023] In the diagram: 1. Adjusting piston; 2. Cylinder head; 3. Adjusting chamber; 4. Cylinder body; 5. Exhaust connector; 6. First sealing ring; 7. First guide band; 8. Second sealing ring; 9. Floating piston; 10. Third sealing ring; 11. Cylinder head; 12. Breather; 13. Dustproof ring; 14. Second guide band; 15. Fourth sealing ring; 16. Third guide band; 17. Fifth sealing ring; 18. One-way safety valve; 19. Working oil chamber; 20. Oil inlet; 21. First pin; 22. Helical tension spring adjustment. Device; 23. Clamp arm; 24. Second pin; 25. Support rod; 26. Clamp frame; 27. Third pin; 28. Back plate; 29. ​​Brake block; 30. Brake disc; 31. Limiting retaining ring; A7. Self-adjusting compensation mechanism; A71. Cylinder; A72. Piston rod two; A73. Piston plate two; A74. One-way bearing; A75. Round rod; A751. Helical guide rib; A76. Cylinder; A761. Helical guide groove; A77. Piston plate three; A78. Spring; A79. Retaining ring; A8. Annular baffle. Detailed Implementation

[0024] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a limiting ring 31 is provided inside the cylinder body 4. The limiting ring 31 isolates the cylinder body 4 to form an adjusting chamber 3 and a working oil chamber 19. A fourth sealing ring 15, a third guide belt 16, and a fifth sealing ring 17 are installed on the adjusting piston 1. The adjusting piston 1 is inserted into the adjusting chamber 3. The cylinder head A2 passes through the piston rod of the adjusting piston 1 and is fastened to the cylinder body 4 by bolts and spring washers. A dustproof ring 13 and a second guide are installed in the central guide hole of the cylinder head A2. The piston rod of the adjusting piston 1 passes through the guide hole in the center of the cylinder head A2 and makes frictional contact with the dust ring 13 and the second guide belt 14. The cylinder head A2 straightens the adjusting piston 1 and moves it in the adjusting cavity 3. A through hole is also opened on the cylinder head A2, which communicates with the adjusting cavity 3. A breather 12 is installed on the through hole. The adjusting piston 1 is fixedly fitted with an annular baffle A8. Two self-adjusting compensation mechanisms A7 are symmetrically distributed between the annular baffle A8 and the cylinder head A2.

[0025] A first sealing ring 6, a first guide band 7, and a second sealing ring 8 are installed on the floating piston 9. The floating piston 9 is installed in the working oil chamber 19. The left side of the floating piston 9 is a circular boss with a threaded hole in the center. The threaded hole is connected to the countersunk hole in the center of the right side of the floating piston 9. The one-way safety valve 18 is installed in the countersunk hole and screwed to the threaded hole. A sealing ring is provided between the one-way safety valve 18 and the countersunk hole. The circular boss on the left side of the floating piston 9 forms a clearance fit with the circular hole in the center of the limit ring 31, which plays the role of straightening the floating piston 9.

[0026] A third sealing ring 10 is installed on the left side of the cylinder head B11. The cylinder head B11 has a threaded through hole as an oil inlet P. The cylinder head B11 is fastened to the cylinder body 4 by bolts and spring washers. A slot is opened on the inner side of the cylinder head B11 to cooperate with the one-way safety valve 18. The diameter of the slot is larger than that of the one-way safety valve 18. A groove is opened on the right side of the adjusting piston 1. The groove allows the floating piston 9 to have a certain gap between the floating piston 9 and the adjusting piston 1 when it moves to the limit stop ring 31.

[0027] There is a threaded through hole near the limit retaining ring 31 in the cylinder body of the working oil chamber 19 and the adjusting chamber 3. An exhaust connector 5 is installed on the threaded through hole. When hydraulic oil P enters the working oil chamber 19 of the cylinder assembly, the hydraulic oil first pushes the floating piston 9 to move to the left, so that the floating piston 9 is in contact with the limit retaining ring 31 of the cylinder body 4. When the hydraulic oil pressure is greater than a certain value, it enters the adjusting chamber 3 through the one-way safety valve 18, pushing the adjusting piston 1 to move towards the cylinder head A2. At the same time, the hydraulic oil will squeeze the air between the floating piston 9 and the adjusting piston 1 through the exhaust connector 5 to squeeze out the cylinder, so that the cylinder assembly moves more quickly and smoothly.

[0028] A round hole is milled on the left side of the piston rod of the adjusting piston 1, and a copper sleeve is installed in the round hole. A round hole is milled on the right side of the cylinder head B11, and a copper sleeve is installed in the round hole. The adjusting piston 1 is hinged to the clamp arm 23 through the first pin 21. The cylinder head B11 is hinged to the other clamp arm 23 through the first pin 21. With the first pin 21 as the center, the cylinder assembly can rotate relative to the clamp arm 23. Two helical tension spring adjusting devices 22 are installed between the first pin 21 and the first pin 21. The two helical tension spring adjusting devices 22 are installed on both sides of the first pin 21.

[0029] The support rod 25 is mounted on the clamp frame 26. The two clamp arms 23 are hinged together by the support rod 25 located in the middle. One end of the support rod 25 is connected to the clamp arm 23 through the second pin 24, and the other end of the support rod 25 is connected to the other clamp arm 23 through the second pin 24. The support rod 25 can rotate relative to the second pin 24. The lower part of the clamp arm 23 is hinged to the back plate 28 through the third pin 27. The clamp arm 23 can rotate relative to the back plate 28 with the third pin 27 as the center. Brake blocks 29 are installed on the inner side of both back plates 28. The back plates 28 and brake blocks 29 are fastened together by bolts and spring washers. The gap between the brake blocks 29 and the brake disc 30 is a set value. The brake disc 30 is fixedly mounted on the winch drum that needs to be braked and rotates with the winch drum. The clamp frame 26 is welded to the winch frame.

[0030] The self-adjusting compensation mechanism A7 includes a cylinder A71 fixedly connected to the cylinder head A2. A piston rod A72 is slidably mounted through the cylinder A71 on the side away from the cylinder head A2. The end of the piston rod A72 away from the cylinder head A2 is fixedly connected to an annular baffle A8. A piston plate A73, which is slidably connected to the inner wall of the cylinder A71, is fixedly mounted on the end of the piston rod A72 near the cylinder head A2. A round rod A75 is mounted on the side of the piston plate A73 away from the piston rod A72. A cylinder A76 is sleeved on the round rod A75. A piston plate A77, which is slidably connected to the inner wall of the cylinder A71, is fixedly mounted on the side of the cylinder A76 away from the piston plate A73.

[0031] Multiple springs A78 arranged in a circular array are fixedly installed between piston plate 3A77 and piston plate 2A73. A one-way bearing A74 is embedded and fixedly installed on the side of piston plate 2A73 near piston plate 3A77. The one-way bearing A74 is fixedly sleeved on the round rod A75. A retaining ring A79 is provided between piston plate 2A73 and piston plate 3A77. The retaining ring A79 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of cylinder A71.

[0032] Furthermore, a limiting groove is provided on the side of the piston plate A77, and a limiting rod that matches the limiting groove is fixed on the inner wall of the cylinder A71, so that the piston plate A77 can only slide within the cylinder A71.

[0033] The inner wall of the cylinder A76 is provided with multiple spiral guide grooves A761 arranged in a circumferential array, and multiple spiral guide ribs A751 that are adapted to the multiple spiral guide grooves A761 are fixedly installed on the side of the round rod A75.

[0034] When the brake caliper needs to perform a braking action, the working brake lever is pulled, and hydraulic oil P enters the working oil chamber 19 from the oil inlet 20. The hydraulic oil first pushes the floating piston 9 to move to the left, so that the floating piston 9 is in contact with the limit retaining ring 31 of the cylinder body 4. Since the one-way safety valve 18 has been set with an opening pressure, when the hydraulic oil pressure is greater than a certain value, it enters the adjustment chamber 3 through the one-way safety valve 18, pushing the adjustment piston 1 to extend. The cylinder head B11 and the adjustment piston 1 respectively push the caliper arm 23 to move outward, while the spiral tension spring adjustment device 22 is stretched to generate a certain tension. Under the action of the lever principle, the caliper arm 23 pushes the back plate 28 to move inward, and finally makes the brake block 29 tightly squeeze the brake disc 30 that rotates with the roller.

[0035] When the brake caliper is released, the hydraulic oil is depressurized, and the pressure at the oil inlet 20 of the cylinder assembly is 0. The hydraulic oil between the two pistons will not leak outward under the sealing of the fifth sealing ring 17, the first sealing ring 6, and the one-way safety valve 18, forming a dead cavity. The adjusting piston 1 in the cylinder moves into the cylinder under the pulling force of the spiral tension spring adjusting device 22, squeezing the hydraulic oil in the oil cavity between the two pistons to generate pressure. The generated pressure pushes the floating piston 9 towards the cylinder head B11, pushing the hydraulic oil in the working oil cavity 19 back to the hydraulic station oil tank through the hydraulic pipeline. The final distance that the adjusting piston 1 moves back is the maximum stroke of the floating piston 9 in the cylinder. The stroke of the floating piston 9 can be set according to actual needs to keep the gap between the brake block 29 and the brake disc 30 at an ideal fixed value during the release of the brake.

[0036] During the entire operation of the normally open brake caliper with automatic clearance adjustment using the floating piston 9, the cylinder head B11 is always connected to the caliper arm 23 through the first pin 21, and its own weight is also supported by the caliper arm 23. This reduces the compression on all seals and keeps the cylinder body 4, the adjusting piston 1, and the floating piston 9 coaxial throughout the entire operation. During the entire operation of the normally open brake caliper with automatic clearance adjustment using the floating piston 9, the adjusting piston 1 and the floating piston 9 move in the same direction throughout the entire operation.

[0037] When using a brand new, unworn brake pad 29, when 23 connected to 1 is pushed away from 2, 1 will pull piston rod A72 to move through an annular baffle A8. When brake pad 29 is completely pressed against brake disc 30, piston plate A77 is also pressed tightly against retaining ring A79.

[0038] When the brake pad 29 wears and becomes thinner, the extension length of piston rod 2A72 will increase, which will increase the distance between caliper arm 23 connected to adjusting piston 1 and cylinder head A2. Ultimately, this will increase the extension length of piston rod 2A72. During this process, after piston plate 3A77 abuts against retaining ring A79, piston rod 2A72 still needs to extend outward a certain distance, which will ultimately increase the distance between piston plate 2A73 and piston plate 3A77.

[0039] When piston plate 3A77 abuts against retaining ring A79, as piston plate 2A73 is pulled away from piston plate 3A77, during this process, round rod A75 will rotate and extend a certain distance from inside cylinder A76. Then, when adjusting piston 1 is reset, because one-way bearing A74 has the characteristic of being able to rotate freely in one direction and locked in the other direction, piston rod 2A72 will gradually retract into cylinder A71. When piston plate 3A77 abuts against the side wall of cylinder A71, round rod 75 cannot rotate and therefore cannot retract into cylinder A76. As a result, piston rod 2A72 cannot be completely retracted into cylinder A71. At this time, by subtracting the length of piston plate 3A77 retracting into cylinder A71 in the previous retraction from the length of piston plate 3A77 retracting into cylinder A71 in this retraction, the total wear thickness of brake pad 29 and brake disc 30 can be obtained.

[0040] In summary, when the brake pads 29 and brake discs 30 show wear, the self-adjusting compensation mechanism A7 can compensate for the wear thickness of the brake pads 29 and brake discs 30 by limiting the distance of the adjusting piston 1 retracting into the cylinder body 4. Therefore, even if the brake pads 29 and brake discs 30 show different degrees of wear, this device can ensure that the distance between the brake pads 29 and brake discs 30 remains consistent. In addition, since the adjusting piston 1 cannot completely retract into the cylinder body 4, the distance between the two caliper arms 23 will increase. Therefore, even during long-term braking, the coil spring adjusting device 22 will be stretched due to the long-term intermittent extension and retraction. By increasing the distance between the two caliper arms 23, the reduced elasticity of the coil spring adjusting device 22 due to stretching can be compensated, ensuring that the return elasticity of the coil spring adjusting device 22 will not be significantly affected even when it is stretched to a certain length.

[0041] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A normally open brake caliper that utilizes a floating piston to automatically adjust the clearance, comprising a cylinder assembly and a caliper body assembly, characterized in that: The cylinder assembly includes a cylinder body (4), and a limiting ring (31) is provided inside the cylinder body (4). The limiting ring (31) isolates the cylinder body (4) to form an adjustment chamber (3) and a working oil chamber (19). A floating piston (9) is placed in the working oil chamber (19), and an adjusting piston (1) is placed in the adjustment chamber (3). The cylinder cover A (2) passes through the piston rod of the adjusting piston (1) and is connected and fixed to the cylinder body (4). The cylinder cover B (11) is connected and fixed to the cylinder body (4). The adjusting piston (1) is fixedly fitted with an annular baffle (A8). Two self-adjusting compensation mechanisms (A7) are symmetrically distributed between the annular baffle (A8) and the cylinder cover A (2). An oil inlet (20) is provided on the cylinder head B (11). Hydraulic oil P enters the working oil chamber (19) through the oil inlet (20), pushing the floating piston (9) to move to the left, so that the floating piston (9) fits against the limiting ring (31) in the cylinder body (4). When the hydraulic oil pressure is greater than a certain value, it enters the regulating chamber (3) through the one-way safety valve (18), pushing the regulating piston (1) to move towards the cylinder head A (2). At the same time, the hydraulic oil will squeeze the air between the floating piston (9) and the regulating piston (1) out of the cylinder body (4) through the exhaust connector (5). The adjusting piston (1) is equipped with a fourth sealing ring (15), a third guide belt (16) and a fifth sealing ring (17); a groove is provided on the right side of the adjusting piston (1), which allows the floating piston (9) to have a certain gap between the floating piston (9) and the adjusting piston (1) when the floating piston (9) moves to the limiting stop ring (31); A round hole is milled on the left side of the piston rod of the adjusting piston (1), and a copper sleeve is installed in the round hole; a round hole is milled on the boss on the right side of the cylinder head B (11), and a copper sleeve is installed in the round hole. The adjusting piston (1) and the cylinder head B (11) are respectively hinged to the clamp arm (23) through the first pin (21). Two helical tension spring adjusting devices (22) are installed between the first pin (21) and the first pin (21). The helical tension spring adjusting devices (22) are installed on both sides of the first pin (21). The clamp assembly includes two clamp arms (23), which are hinged together by a support rod (25) located in the middle. The support rod (25) is mounted on the clamp frame (26). The lower part of the clamp arm (23) is hinged to the back plate (28) by a third pin (27). Brake blocks (29) are installed on the inner side of both back plates (28). The brake disc (30) is fixedly mounted on the winch drum that needs to be braked and rotates with the winch drum. The clamp frame (26) is welded to the winch frame. The self-adjusting compensation mechanism (A7) includes a cylinder (A71) fixedly connected to the cylinder head A (2). A piston rod (A72) is slidably mounted through the cylinder (A71) on the side away from the cylinder head A (2). The end of the piston rod (A72) away from the cylinder head A (2) is fixedly connected to an annular baffle (A8). A piston plate (A73) is fixedly mounted on the end of the piston rod (A72) near the cylinder head A (2) and is slidably connected to the inner wall of the cylinder (A71). A round rod (A75) is mounted on the side of the piston plate (A73) away from the piston rod (A72). A cylinder (A76) is sleeved on the round rod (A75). A piston plate (A77) is fixedly mounted on the side of the cylinder (A76) away from the piston plate (A73) and is slidably connected to the inner wall of the cylinder (A71). Multiple springs (A78) arranged in a circular array are fixedly installed between piston plate three (A77) and piston plate two (A73). A one-way bearing (A74) is embedded and fixedly installed on the side of piston plate two (A73) near piston plate three (A77). The one-way bearing (A74) is fixedly sleeved on the round rod (A75). A retaining ring (A79) is provided between piston plate two (A73) and piston plate three (A77). The retaining ring (A79) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of cylinder (A71). The inner wall of the cylinder (A76) is provided with a plurality of spiral guide grooves (A761) arranged in a circumferential array, and the side of the round rod (A75) is fixedly installed with a plurality of spiral guide ribs (A751) that are adapted to the plurality of spiral guide grooves (A761).

2. The normally open brake caliper that utilizes a floating piston to automatically adjust the clearance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left side of the floating piston (9) is a circular boss, and a threaded hole is provided in the center of the circular boss. The threaded hole is connected to the countersunk hole in the center of the right side of the floating piston (9). The one-way safety valve (18) is installed in the countersunk hole and screwed into the threaded hole.

3. The normally open brake caliper that utilizes a floating piston to automatically adjust the clearance according to claim 2, characterized in that: The circular boss on the left side of the floating piston (9) forms a clearance fit with the circular hole in the center of the limiting retaining ring (31), which plays the role of straightening the floating piston (9).

4. A normally open brake caliper that utilizes a floating piston to automatically adjust the clearance according to claim 3, characterized in that: The floating piston (9) is equipped with a first sealing ring (6), a first guide band (7), and a second sealing ring (8); a slot is provided on the inner side of the cylinder head B (11) to cooperate with the one-way safety valve (18).

5. A normally open brake caliper that utilizes a floating piston to automatically adjust the clearance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylinder head A (2) of the hydraulic cylinder is provided with a guide hole in the center. A dustproof ring (13) and a second guide belt (14) are installed in the guide hole. The piston rod of the adjusting piston (1) passes through the guide hole in the center of the cylinder head A (2) and makes frictional contact with the dustproof ring (13) and the second guide belt (14). The cylinder head A (2) of the hydraulic cylinder straightens the adjusting piston (1) and moves it in the adjusting cavity (3).

6. A normally open brake caliper that utilizes a floating piston to automatically adjust the clearance according to claim 5, characterized in that: A threaded through hole is opened in the cylinder part of the regulating chamber (3) and the working oil chamber (19) near the limit retaining ring (31), and an exhaust connector (5) is installed on the threaded through hole respectively.

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