Nozzle and burner

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of gas turbine technology, specifically providing a nozzle and a burner. The nozzle includes a tube body, with one end being a feed end and the other end being an output end. An injection section is disposed inside the feed end, and a swirling mixing section is disposed inside the output end. A mixing chamber is formed between the injection section and the swirling mixing section. Fuel enters the tube body axially from the injection section and undergoes preliminary mixing with air entering the mixing chamber radially from the side wall of the tube body to form a first mixed fuel. The angle between the extension direction of the airflow cross-section and the axial direction is acute. The first mixed fuel is further mixed in a swirling manner by the swirling mixing section to form a second mixed fuel, which is then ejected from the output end. The burner includes a first end plate and a second end plate arranged in parallel, at least one nozzle as described in any of the above embodiments, and a housing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] At least one embodiment of the present invention relates to the field of gas turbine technology, and more specifically, to a nozzle and a burner. Background Technology

[0002] A gas turbine is a highly efficient and reliable power generation device that uses the high-temperature, high-pressure gas produced by fuel combustion to drive a turbine, which in turn drives a generator to produce electricity. Gas turbines can use a variety of fuels, including natural gas, diesel, heavy oil, and clean fuels such as hydrogen, which has gained increasing attention in recent years.

[0003] Traditional gas turbines primarily use fossil fuels, but these fuels produce large amounts of carbon dioxide during combustion, exacerbating the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere. Furthermore, combustion also generates small amounts of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides, which can form acid rain in the atmosphere, damaging the environment and buildings. Simultaneously, particulate matter emissions negatively impact air quality and pose a threat to human health.

[0004] Hydrogen, as a clean energy source with high calorific value, is increasingly attracting attention in the field of gas turbines. In related technologies, gas turbine combustors mix hydrogen with air and burn the resulting high-concentration hydrogen fuel mixture to significantly reduce carbon emissions from gas turbines. However, due to the high combustion temperature of the hydrogen fuel mixture, it emits more nitrogen oxides compared to fossil fuels. Therefore, how to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions while simultaneously reducing carbon emissions has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a nozzle and burner that can improve the uniformity of fuel-air mixing and reduce nitrogen oxide emissions during the combustion of high-concentration mixed fuels.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a nozzle comprising: a tube body, one end of which is a feed end and the other end of which is an output end; a spray section disposed inside the feed end; and a swirling mixing section disposed inside the output end, wherein a mixing chamber is formed between the spray section and the swirling mixing section, fuel enters the tube body axially from the spray section and is initially mixed with air entering the mixing chamber radially from the side wall of the tube body to form a first mixed fuel; the angle between the extension direction of the airflow cross section and the axial direction is an acute angle; the first mixed fuel is further mixed in the swirling mixing section in a swirling manner to form a second mixed fuel, and is sprayed out through the output end.

[0007] In one illustrative embodiment, a gas channel is formed on the outer peripheral wall of the output end, which is suitable for guiding air to the combustion zone located outside the output end, so as to reduce the thermoacoustic oscillation phenomenon generated during the combustion of the second mixed fuel.

[0008] In one illustrative embodiment, a plurality of the aforementioned gas channels are arranged circumferentially at intervals at the aforementioned output ends to reduce the impact of thermoacoustic oscillations generated during the combustion of the second mixed fuel ejected from adjacent aforementioned output ends.

[0009] In one illustrative embodiment, the injection section includes a base connected to the inner wall of the tube and a partition extending axially from the base toward the interior of the tube, wherein the base and the partition form a communicating fuel passage; the partition is provided with a plurality of through holes arranged circumferentially, which are suitable for accelerating the fuel in the fuel passage into the mixing chamber to mix with air.

[0010] In one illustrative embodiment, the angle between the extension direction of the through hole and the axial direction is an acute angle.

[0011] In one illustrative embodiment, the inner diameter of the tube at the output end is formed to gradually narrow from the feed end to the output end, so as to increase the flow rate of the mixed fuel inside the tube.

[0012] In one illustrative embodiment, the tube body has a plurality of circumferentially distributed air inlets on the side wall of the mixing chamber, and the air inlets extend obliquely in the circumferential direction; preferably, the spatial intersection of the straight line passing through the center of the air inlet and extending in the radial direction with the axis of the through hole is located at approximately half the radial distance between the inner wall of the tube body and the separator.

[0013] In one illustrative embodiment, the swirling mixing section includes: a guide shaft; and a plurality of swirling blades arranged circumferentially between the guide shaft and the inner wall of the tube body to guide the first mixed fuel to achieve swirling mixing in the swirling mixing section.

[0014] In one illustrative embodiment, the guide shaft extends horizontally and has a recessed portion that is recessed into the tube body at the end near the output end.

[0015] The present invention also provides a device comprising: a first end plate and a second end plate arranged in parallel; at least one nozzle as described in any of the above embodiments, wherein the feed end of the nozzle is mounted on the first end plate and the output end is mounted on the second end plate; a housing configured as a hollow tubular structure and sleeved on the outside of the first end plate and the second end plate; the area enclosed by the housing and the first end plate is configured as a fuel zone; the area enclosed by the housing, the first end plate and the second end plate is configured as a premixing zone; and the area enclosed by the housing and the second end plate is configured as a combustion zone; the nozzle is configured to receive fuel from the fuel zone and air from the premixing zone, mix them, and inject them into the combustion zone.

[0016] The nozzle provided by this invention improves the uniformity of air-fuel mixing by combining two mixing methods: cross-mixing of air and fuel, and further swirling mixing. Furthermore, because the angle between the extension direction of the airflow cross-section and the axial direction is acute, the air can fill the mixing chamber to a greater extent. This facilitates thorough cross-impact mixing of fuel and airflow entering the pipe along the axial direction within the mixing chamber, effectively reducing the phenomenon of excessively high local combustion temperatures and thus lowering nitrogen oxide emissions during combustion. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The above-described features, other objects, and advantages of the present invention will become clearer from the following description of embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0018] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional perspective view of a nozzle provided by the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of the exemplary embodiment shown;

[0020] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of a burner provided by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A side view of the exemplary embodiment shown;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a plan view of the burner provided by the present invention.

[0024] The meanings of the reference numerals in the above figures are as follows:

[0025] 1. First end plate;

[0026] 2. Second end plate;

[0027] 3. Gas passage;

[0028] 4. Spray section;

[0029] 41. Base;

[0030] 42. Separator;

[0031] 43. Through hole;

[0032] 44. Air intake;

[0033] 5. Swirl mixing section;

[0034] 51. Guide shaft;

[0035] 52. Swirl blades;

[0036] 53. Depression;

[0037] 6. Feed end;

[0038] 7. Output terminal;

[0039] 8. Shell;

[0040] 81. Fuel Area;

[0041] 82. Premixed area;

[0042] 83. Combustion zone. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The terminology used herein is merely for describing specific embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention.

[0044] The terms “comprising,” “including,” etc., as used herein indicate the presence of the described features, steps, operations, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components. All terms used herein, including technical and scientific terms, have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein are to be interpreted in a manner consistent with the context of this specification and not in an idealized or overly rigid way.

[0045] In this document, unless otherwise specified, directional terms such as "up," "down," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer" are used to indicate orientation or positional relationships based on the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device, element, or assembly referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed or operated in a specific orientation. It should be understood that when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationships they represent may also change accordingly. Therefore, these directional terms should not be construed as limiting the invention.

[0046] When using expressions such as "at least one of A, B, and C," the meaning should generally be interpreted according to the understanding of someone skilled in the art. For example, "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" should include, but is not limited to, systems having A alone, having B alone, having C alone, having A and B, having A and C, having B and C, and / or having A, B, and C. Similarly, when using expressions such as "at least one of A, B, or C," the meaning should generally be interpreted according to the understanding of someone skilled in the art. For example, "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" should include, but is not limited to, systems having A alone, having B alone, having C alone, having A and B, having A and C, having B and C, and / or having A, B, and C.

[0047] Those skilled in the art will understand that the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of the present invention can be combined or combined in various ways, even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly described in the present invention. In particular, the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of the present invention can be combined or combined in various ways without departing from the spirit and teachings of the present invention. All such combinations and / or combinations fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional perspective view of a nozzle provided by the present invention. Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment shown.

[0049] An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a nozzle, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2The diagram shows a pipe body with an inlet end 6 and an outlet end 7. An injection section 4 is located inside the inlet end 6, and a swirling mixing section 5 is located inside the outlet end 7. A mixing chamber is formed between the injection section 4 and the swirling mixing section 5. Fuel enters the pipe body axially from the injection section 4 and undergoes preliminary mixing with air entering the mixing chamber radially from the side wall of the pipe body to form a first mixed fuel. The angle between the extension direction of the airflow cross-section and the axial direction is acute. The first mixed fuel is further mixed in a swirling manner by the swirling mixing section 5 to form a second mixed fuel, which is then ejected from the outlet end 7.

[0050] In this implementation, by combining air and fuel through a cross-mixing process and further swirling mixing, the uniformity of the air-fuel mixture is improved, thereby reducing nitrogen oxide emissions during combustion. Furthermore, because the angle between the airflow cross-section's extension direction and the axial direction is acute, the air can fill the mixing chamber to a greater extent, facilitating thorough cross-impact mixing of the fuel and airflow entering the pipe along the axial direction within the mixing chamber.

[0051] In one exemplary embodiment, a gas channel 3 is formed on the outer peripheral wall of the output end 7, which is suitable for guiding air to the combustion zone 83 located outside the output end 7 to reduce the thermoacoustic oscillation phenomenon generated during the combustion of the second mixed fuel.

[0052] In this implementation, the self-excited oscillation phenomenon formed by the coupling of the combustion process of the second mixed fuel with the sound pressure fluctuation inside the gas turbine system, namely the thermoacoustic oscillation phenomenon, not only generates noise, but also leads to unstable combustion or even flameout. By setting up the gas channel 3, some of the air in the premixed zone 82 is guided into the combustion zone 83, reducing the mixing uniformity of the mixed fuel and weakening the thermoacoustic oscillation.

[0053] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a plurality of gas channels 3 are arranged circumferentially at intervals at the output end 7 to reduce the impact of thermoacoustic oscillations generated during the combustion of the second mixed fuel ejected from adjacent output ends 7.

[0054] In this implementation, multiple gas channels 3 jointly introduce air from the premixed zone 82 into the combustion zone 83, so that when the second mixed fuel is sprayed out at the output end 7, an air layer surrounding the second mixed fuel is formed, thereby isolating the output ends 7 of adjacent nozzles and minimizing the impact of thermoacoustic vibrations.

[0055] In one exemplary embodiment, the gas passage 3 is configured as a channel formed in the nozzle tube, recessed radially from the sidewall of the tube and extending to the end face of the tube for guiding air.

[0056] In some other embodiments, a plurality of protrusions are arranged circumferentially on the sidewall of the nozzle tube, the protrusions extending to the end face of the tube, and the channel between adjacent protrusions is configured as a gas channel 3 for guiding air.

[0057] In one exemplary embodiment, the injection unit 4 includes a base 41 connected to the inner wall of the pipe body, and a partition 42 extending axially from the base 41 toward the interior of the pipe body, with a communicating fuel passage formed within the base 41 and the partition 42. The partition 42 has a plurality of through holes 43 arranged circumferentially, suitable for accelerating fuel in the fuel passage into a mixing chamber to mix with air.

[0058] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown in the exemplary embodiment, the separator 42 is configured as a columnar structure extending toward the interior of the tube, with a plurality of through holes 43 arranged circumferentially on the sidewall of the columnar body, which not only facilitates processing and manufacturing but also enables more uniform fuel injection.

[0059] In some other embodiments, the separator 42 may include, but is not limited to, a columnar structure, or other structures such as polygonal prisms, to achieve the desired mixing effect.

[0060] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the angle between the extension direction of the through hole 43 and the axial direction is an acute angle.

[0061] In this embodiment, the through hole 43 allows the fuel to be ejected at an angle and mixed with air. When the fuel flow meets the air, the impact force along the radial component can counteract the air, causing the fuel and air to mix. The impact force along the axial component can drive the air and the mixed fuel to move towards the mixing chamber and the swirling mixing section 5, accelerating the flow and improving the mixing effect.

[0062] More specifically, the angle between the extension direction of the through hole 43 and the axial direction is α, 30° < α < 60°, so as to better impact the air and fully mix it.

[0063] In one exemplary embodiment, the tube is configured as a tapered hollow structure from the feed end 6 to the output end 7 to increase the flow rate of the mixed fuel inside the tube.

[0064] Specifically, such as Figure 2 In the embodiment shown, the inner diameter of the tube spin-flow mixing section 5 gradually decreases towards the output end 7, so as to accelerate the injection of the second mixed fuel as much as possible after mixing is completed.

[0065] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle.

[0066] In one exemplary embodiment, a plurality of circumferentially distributed air inlets 44 are provided on the side wall of the mixing chamber of the tube, and the air inlets 44 extend obliquely in the circumferential direction.

[0067] In this embodiment, the air inlet 44 is constructed as an elongated strip that extends obliquely in the circumferential direction of the tube body, so that the angle between the extension direction of the cross-section of the airflow entering through the air inlet 44 and the axial direction is acute, thereby improving the uniformity of the first mixed fuel.

[0068] More specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the straight line passing through the center of the air intake 44 and extending in the radial direction, with the spatial focus of the axis of the through hole 43, is located at approximately half the radial distance between the inner wall of the pipe and the separator 42, so that the fuel and air initially meet at approximately the middle part between the inner wall of the pipe and the separator 42, and both maintain a large velocity at the initial meeting, thereby achieving full mixing of the two.

[0069] In some other embodiments, the air inlet 44 may also be configured to extend only in the circumferential direction, and the plurality of air inlets 44 may be arranged at intervals in the circumferential and / or axial directions to improve the uniformity of the first mixed fuel.

[0070] In one exemplary embodiment, the swirling mixing section 5 includes a guide shaft 51 and a plurality of swirling blades 52, which are arranged circumferentially between the guide shaft 51 and the inner wall of the tube to guide the first mixed fuel to achieve swirling mixing in the swirling mixing section 5.

[0071] Specifically, the swirl vane 52 is arranged to extend in a helical trajectory relative to the guide shaft 51, so that a swirl channel is formed between the swirl vane 52 and the inner wall of the tube, and the swirl channel extends in a helical trajectory relative to the guide shaft 51.

[0072] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the guide shaft 51 extends in a horizontal direction and has a recessed portion 53 recessed into the tube body at the end near the output end 7.

[0073] In this embodiment, there is a velocity difference between the second mixed fuel ejected from the output end 7 and the surrounding airflow. Therefore, the recessed portion 53 can form a backflow zone on the recessed portion 53 when the second mixed fuel is burning. This helps to maintain flame stability, makes the flame less likely to be extinguished, and also prevents the flame from burning back along the swirling mixing portion 5, thereby further suppressing the occurrence of backfire.

[0074] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of a burner provided by the present invention. Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A side view of the exemplary embodiment shown. Figure 6 This is a plan view of the burner provided by the present invention.

[0075] An exemplary embodiment of the present invention also provides a burner, such as Figures 4-5 As shown, the device includes a first end plate 1 and a second end plate 2 arranged in parallel, at least one nozzle as described in any of the above embodiments, and a housing 8. The nozzle's inlet end 6 is mounted on the first end plate 1, and its outlet end 7 is mounted on the second end plate 2. The housing 8 is constructed as a hollow tubular structure and is fitted over the outside of the first end plate 1 and the second end plate 2. The area enclosed by the housing 8 and the first end plate 1 is configured as a fuel zone 81, the area enclosed by the housing 8, the first end plate 1, and the second end plate 2 is configured as a premixing zone 82, and the area enclosed by the housing 8 and the second end plate 2 is configured as a combustion zone 83. The nozzle is configured to receive fuel from the fuel zone 81 and air from the premixing zone 82, mix them, and inject the mixture into the combustion zone 83.

[0076] In this embodiment, fuel, such as hydrogen, in the fuel zone 81 enters the nozzle through the feed end 6, mixes with air from the premixing zone 82 in the nozzle, and is then injected into the combustion zone 83 for combustion through the output end 7. The first end plate 1 is adapted to separate the fuel zone 81 from the premixing zone 82 to prevent fuel leakage.

[0077] According to embodiments of this disclosure, such as Figure 6 As shown, the gas passage 3 on the nozzle is suitable for guiding the air in the premixed zone 82 to the combustion zone 83, so that the air is mixed with the second mixed fuel, reducing the thermoacoustic oscillation phenomenon during the combustion of the second mixed fuel, thereby further reducing the interaction between adjacent nozzles, suppressing the occurrence of thermoacoustic coupling, and avoiding damage to the burner.

[0078] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, these embodiments are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Although various embodiments have been described above, this does not mean that the measures in the various embodiments cannot be used advantageously in combination. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. Various substitutions and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention, and all such substitutions and modifications should fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A nozzle characterized by, include: The tube body has one end as the feed end (6) and the other end as the output end (7). The spray section (4) is disposed inside the feed end (6); and A swirling mixing section (5) is disposed inside the output end (7). A mixing chamber is formed between the injection section (4) and the swirling mixing section (5). Fuel enters the pipe body axially from the injection section (4) and is initially mixed with air entering the mixing chamber radially from the side wall of the pipe body to form a first mixed fuel. The angle between the extension direction of the airflow section and the axial direction is acute. The first mixed fuel is further mixed in the swirling mixing section (5) in a swirling manner to form a second mixed fuel, which is then ejected through the output end (7). The injection section includes a base connected to the inner wall of the pipe and a partition extending axially from the base toward the interior of the pipe, wherein the base and the partition form a communicating fuel passage. The separator has multiple through holes arranged circumferentially, which are suitable for accelerating the fuel in the fuel channel into the mixing chamber to mix with air. The tube body has multiple circumferentially distributed air inlets on the side wall of the mixing chamber, and the air inlets extend obliquely in the circumferential direction. The spatial intersection of a straight line passing through the center of the air inlet and extending radially with the axis of the through hole is located approximately at half the radial distance between the inner wall of the pipe and the partition.

2. The nozzle of claim 1, wherein A gas channel (3) is formed on the outer peripheral wall of the output end (7), which is suitable for guiding air to the combustion zone (83) located outside the output end (7) to reduce the thermoacoustic oscillation phenomenon generated during the combustion of the second mixed fuel.

3. The nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that, Multiple gas channels (3) are arranged circumferentially at intervals at the output end (7) to reduce the impact of thermoacoustic oscillations generated during the combustion of the second mixed fuel ejected from adjacent output ends (7).

4. The nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the extension direction of the through hole (43) and the axial direction is an acute angle.

5. The nozzle according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The inner diameter of the tube at the output end (7) is formed to gradually narrow from the feed end (6) to the output end (7) in order to increase the flow rate of the mixed fuel inside the tube.

6. The nozzle according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The swirling mixing section (5) includes: Guide shaft (51); Multiple swirl blades (52) are arranged circumferentially between the guide shaft (51) and the inner wall of the tube to guide the first mixed fuel to achieve swirl mixing in the swirl mixing section (5).

7. The nozzle according to claim 6, characterized in that, The guide shaft (51) extends horizontally and has a recess (53) formed at the end near the output end (7) that is recessed into the tube body.

8. A burner, characterized in that, include: The first end plate (1) and the second end plate (2) are arranged in parallel. At least one nozzle as described in any one of claims 1-7, wherein the feed end (6) of the nozzle is mounted on the first end plate (1) and the output end (7) is mounted on the second end plate (2). The shell (8) is constructed as a hollow tubular structure and is sleeved on the outside of the first end plate (1) and the second end plate (2); The area enclosed by the housing (8) and the first end plate (1) is configured as a fuel zone (81); the area enclosed by the housing (8), the first end plate (1) and the second end plate (2) is configured as a premix zone (82); and the area enclosed by the housing (8) and the second end plate (2) is configured as a combustion zone (83). The nozzle is configured to receive fuel from the fuel zone (81) and air from the premix zone (82), mix them, and spray them into the combustion zone (83).

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