A passenger flow od extraction method and system of a bus without standing area

Abstract

The application relates to a passenger flow OD extraction method and system of a bus without standing area, which comprises the following steps: acquiring vehicle positioning information and detecting a vehicle door opening and closing state; based on the vehicle positioning information and the vehicle door opening and closing state, identifying a passenger seating state and the number of passengers getting on and off at each station, wherein the passenger seating state comprises a passenger entering behavior and a passenger leaving behavior; correcting the getting-on and getting-off station identification result obtained based on the passenger seating state identification result according to the identification result of the number of passengers getting on and off at each station; and obtaining a passenger flow OD matrix of a bus line without standing area in a specified time period in two directions according to the corrected getting-on and getting-off station identification result. Compared with the prior art, the application can efficiently and accurately extract the passenger flow OD of the bus without standing area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of public transport passenger flow information collection technology, and in particular relates to a method and system for extracting passenger flow origin-destination (OD) data for buses without standing areas. Background Technology

[0002] To improve passenger safety and operational service levels, an increasing number of regions are adopting seated, no-standing-area bus routes, particularly those traversing low-grade rural roads. Compared to urban buses, rural buses have lower passenger density and higher per-passenger operating costs. Therefore, it is even more crucial to thoroughly understand the passenger flow characteristics of these routes and provide reliable services that precisely meet passenger travel needs, thereby achieving cost reduction and efficiency improvement. Passenger boarding and alighting points are fundamental data for rural bus passenger flow analysis, which can be used to calculate the passenger flow OD (origin-destination) matrix, thus guiding adjustments to the rural bus network and operational optimization. Existing methods for collecting passenger boarding / alighting station information mainly include manual surveys, passenger flow meters, public transport IC card data mining, and pedestrian re-identification methods. However, all of these methods have limitations: manual surveys are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly; passenger flow meters can only collect the number of people boarding / alighting at a specific station, but cannot accurately determine the boarding / alighting station of an individual; IC card data on routes using a single-fare system can only record boarding stations and not alighting stations, requiring the use of travel chain rules to estimate alighting stations, which limits accuracy and universality; pedestrian re-identification methods are based on machine vision technology, and their statistical accuracy is highly dependent on video quality and is easily affected by factors such as lighting and visual perception. Chinese patent application CN202210270926.7 discloses a public transport passenger flow OD analysis method, device, and storage medium. It uses a relational database (SQL) to query the number of arriving and departing passengers between various stations, combines onboard ticketing information such as IC card data to calculate the number of passengers boarding / alighting at each station, and corrects it with an OD matrix based on WIFI and Bluetooth data to calculate the final actual public transport passenger flow OD matrix. However, this method may suffer from multiple data points, such as WiFi data from pedestrians on the roadside and WiFi data from private vehicles around the bus, which cannot be effectively removed, affecting the accuracy of the calculation results. In addition, this method requires the setting of WiFi probes and Bluetooth detectors, increasing the implementation cost. Therefore, it is necessary to design a passenger flow OD extraction method for buses without standing areas to solve the problems of high cost, limited information collection, and low accuracy and reliability of existing passenger boarding and alighting point identification methods, and to realize the automatic collection of passenger boarding and alighting points and passenger flow OD extraction for urban and rural buses. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a method and system for extracting the origin-destination (OD) of passenger flow for buses without standing areas, so as to extract the OD of passenger flow for buses without standing areas efficiently and accurately.

[0004] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A method for extracting the origin-destination (OD) flow of buses without standing areas includes the following steps:

[0006] Obtain vehicle location information and detect the open / closed status of vehicle doors;

[0007] Based on the vehicle positioning information and the opening and closing status of the doors, the passenger seating status and the number of passengers getting on and off at each station are identified. The passenger seating status includes passenger sitting behavior and leaving behavior.

[0008] Based on the identification results of the number of passengers getting on and off at each station, the identification results of the boarding and alighting stations obtained based on the identification results of the passenger seating status are corrected.

[0009] Based on the corrected boarding and alighting station identification results, the passenger flow OD matrix for bus routes without standing areas in both directions within a specified time period is obtained.

[0010] Furthermore, the vehicle positioning information includes the time, vehicle speed, and the longitude and latitude of the vehicle.

[0011] Furthermore, the opening and closing status of the vehicle doors is detected by an automatic control switch and supporting circuitry, and the door opening timestamp when the vehicle arrives at station i is recorded. and closing timestamp These are the times when the vehicle arrives at and departs from station i, respectively.

[0012] Furthermore, the vehicle location information corresponding to the time the vehicle arrives at station i is compared with the preset route station map to determine the station name and station number of the current station where the vehicle is located, and associate it with the time the vehicle arrives at and leaves station i.

[0013] Furthermore, the process for recognizing a passenger's seated status is as follows:

[0014] Passenger seating status recognition time window passenger seating timestamp and departure timestamp The passenger seating status recognition time window is as follows: in, and These are the door opening timestamp and door closing timestamp when the vehicle arrives at station i, respectively, Δt. d and Δt a These are the times it takes for the vehicle to come to a complete stop and open its doors, and for the vehicle to accelerate to normal driving speed from the moment it begins to decelerate;

[0015] Passenger seating timestamp and departure timestamp Associated with seats;

[0016] Total number of passenger seating actions at station i Total number of times the person left their seat

[0017] Furthermore, seat pressure values ​​are acquired using a thin-film pressure sensor and compared with a preset pressure threshold to record the passenger's seating time stamp. and departure timestamp

[0018] Furthermore, the process for identifying the number of passengers getting on and off at each station is as follows:

[0019] Video image data of passengers boarding and alighting is captured within a time window for passenger boarding and alighting action recognition. The motion trajectories of the passengers are extracted using a target detection and tracking algorithm. The passenger boarding and alighting action recognition time window is defined as follows: in, and These are the door opening timestamp and door closing timestamp when the vehicle arrives at station i, respectively;

[0020] The number of passenger boardings at station i is statistically analyzed by comparing the displacements of the motion trajectory in the horizontal and vertical directions with corresponding thresholds. and number of times getting off It is associated with the name and order of site i.

[0021] Furthermore, the process of identifying boarding and alighting stations is as follows:

[0022] S301, Calculate the number of times passengers board at station i. Total number of times seating behavior The difference and the number of passengers getting off at station i Total number of times the person left their seat The difference

[0023] S302, Determine whether the condition is met. If yes, it indicates that the passenger's seating status is correctly identified. The station name and station number of station i are associated with the corresponding passenger's seating status, and the process proceeds to step S305. If no, the process proceeds to step S303.

[0024] S303, Determine whether the condition is met. If so, then the number of passengers getting on and off the bus is incorrectly identified. The station name and station number of station i should be compared with... If not, detect seating behavior within the passenger seating status recognition correction time window, and if there is a record of seating, then... For each seating action, the station name and station order of station i will be compared with... Seating record and The seating record must be associated with the passenger information; otherwise, the number of passengers getting on and off the bus will be incorrectly identified. The station name and station number of station i should be linked to... The passenger seating record is associated with a time window for passenger seating status recognition correction. in This is the timestamp of the door closing when the vehicle arrives at station i. Let Δt be the timestamp of the door opening when the vehicle arrives at station i+1. d and Δt a These are the times it takes for the vehicle to come to a complete stop and open its doors, and for the vehicle to accelerate to normal driving speed from the moment it begins to decelerate;

[0025] S304, Determine if the condition is met. If so, then the number of passengers getting on and off the bus is incorrectly identified. The station name and station number of station i should be compared with... If no record of leaving the seat is associated, then detect the vehicle's departure behavior within the passenger departure status recognition correction time window; if there is a departure behavior greater than or equal to... For each instance of leaving the seat, the station name and station order of station i will be compared with... Record of leaving the seat and The departure record must be associated with the passenger information; otherwise, the number of passengers getting on and off the bus will be incorrectly identified. The station name and station number of station i should be linked to... The passenger departure record is associated with a time window for passenger departure status recognition correction. in This is the door closing timestamp when the vehicle arrives at station i-1. Let Δt be the timestamp of the door opening when the vehicle arrives at station i. d and Δt a These are the times it takes for the vehicle to come to a complete stop and open its doors, and for the vehicle to accelerate to normal driving speed from the moment it begins to decelerate;

[0026] S305. Obtain the boarding / alighting station identification result for station i, and perform boarding / alighting station identification for the next station.

[0027] Furthermore, the process of passenger flow OD extraction is as follows:

[0028] S401. Determine the time period for which the OD matrix needs to be calculated based on actual operational scheduling optimization needs;

[0029] S402. Filter seat occupancy records based on passenger seating status within a specified time period;

[0030] S403. Traverse the filtered seat occupancy records, and assign them to the OD combinations of each stop in both directions of the bus route without standing area according to the identification results of the boarding and alighting stations. Count the seat occupancy records corresponding to each stop OD combination to obtain the OD matrix of the bus route without standing area in both directions within a specified time period.

[0031] This invention also provides a passenger flow origin-destination (OD) extraction system for buses without standing areas, comprising:

[0032] The vehicle operation status detection subsystem includes a satellite positioning terminal module and a door status detection module, which are used to acquire vehicle positioning information and detect the opening and closing status of the doors, respectively.

[0033] The passenger seating status detection subsystem is used to identify the passenger's seating status, including sitting down and leaving the seat.

[0034] The passenger boarding and alighting detection subsystem is used to identify the number of passengers boarding and alighting at each station;

[0035] The central processing unit subsystem is used to correct the boarding and alighting station identification results obtained based on the passenger seating status identification results according to the identification results of the number of passengers boarding and alighting at each station, and to obtain the passenger flow OD matrix of the bus route without standing area in both directions within a specified time period according to the corrected boarding and alighting station identification results.

[0036] The memory subsystem is used to store the vehicle positioning information, the door opening and closing status, the passenger seating status, the number of passengers getting on and off at each station, and the results of station identification and passenger flow OD extraction.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] 1. This invention addresses the "one person, one seat" operational characteristics of buses without standing areas by constructing a passenger flow OD extraction method based on passenger seating status recognition results. Furthermore, based on the recognition results of the number of passengers boarding and alighting at each stop, the method further refines the boarding and alighting station identification results obtained from the passenger seating status recognition. Based on the refined boarding and alighting station identification results, a passenger flow OD matrix for a specified time period in both directions of the bus route without standing areas is obtained. This method fully integrates multiple data sources, accurately identifies passenger alighting stations, and efficiently and accurately extracts passenger flow OD for buses without standing areas, guiding the adjustment and operational optimization of urban and rural bus networks.

[0039] 2. To ensure accurate identification of passenger boarding and alighting points, this invention calculates the difference between the number of times passengers board and the total number of times they sit down, and the difference between the number of times passengers alight and the total number of times they leave their seats at each station. Logical judgment is then performed, and a redundant system design is adopted. This system detects seating behavior within the passenger seating state identification correction window and departure behavior within the passenger departure state identification correction window. This further corrects the boarding and alighting point identification results obtained based on the passenger seating state identification results, avoiding identification anomalies caused by passengers leaving their seats too early or sitting down too late, and further improving the reliability and accuracy of passenger flow OD extraction results. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention.

[0041] The system includes: 1. Vehicle operation status detection subsystem; 11. Satellite positioning terminal module; 12. Door status detection module; 2. Passenger seating status detection subsystem; 3. Passenger boarding and alighting detection subsystem; 4. Central processing unit subsystem; 5. Memory subsystem.

[0042] Figure 2 A diagram illustrating the timeline and various time windows involved in identifying passenger boarding and alighting stations, where... and These are the timestamps of the doors opening when the vehicle arrives at station i and station i+1, respectively. and Let Δt be the closing timestamp when the vehicle arrives at station i and station i+1, respectively. d and Δt a These are the times it takes for the vehicle to come to a complete stop and open its doors, and for the vehicle to accelerate to normal driving speed from the moment it begins to decelerate;

[0043] Figure 3 A logical diagram illustrating the identification of passenger boarding and alighting stations. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. These embodiments are based on the technical solution of the present invention and provide detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0045] Example:

[0046] This embodiment provides a method for extracting the origin-destination (OD) flow of buses without standing areas, including the following steps:

[0047] Step 1: Obtain vehicle location information and detect the open / closed status of the car doors.

[0048] Vehicle location information includes time, vehicle speed, and the vehicle's longitude and latitude. The opening and closing status of the doors is detected via an automatic control switch and associated circuitry. The vehicle's arrival status is determined based on vehicle speed and door opening / closing status: the vehicle is considered to have arrived when its speed is 0 and either the upper or lower door is open. The timestamp of the door opening when the vehicle arrives at station i is recorded. and closing timestamp These times are used to represent the vehicle's arrival and departure times at station i, respectively. The vehicle's location information corresponding to the time it arrives at station i is compared with the preset route station map to determine the station name and station number of the vehicle's current location, and then associated with the vehicle's arrival and departure times at station i.

[0049] Step 2: Based on the vehicle positioning information and door opening / closing status, identify the passenger seating status and the number of passengers getting on and off at each station. The passenger seating status includes passenger sitting behavior and sitting off behavior.

[0050] The process for recognizing a passenger's seated status is as follows:

[0051] S201. Determine the time window for passenger seating status recognition: In actual bus operation scenarios without standing areas, passengers getting off may leave their seats before the bus arrives at the station and the doors open, while passengers boarding may not sit down until the doors close and the bus leaves the station. Therefore, based on actual on-board survey results, two thresholds Δt are preset. d and Δt a These are the times it takes for the vehicle to come to a complete stop and open the door, and for the vehicle to accelerate to normal driving speed, respectively, from the moment the door closes and the vehicle leaves the station. Therefore, if... Figure 2 As shown, the passenger seating status recognition time window is

[0052] S202. Record the passenger's seating and departure times within the passenger seating status recognition time window: Obtain the seat pressure value through a thin-film pressure sensor and compare it with a preset pressure threshold to record the passenger seating timestamp. and departure timestamp The pressure threshold can be set to the weight of a 6-year-old child, i.e., 20 kg. If the seat pressure value suddenly changes from below the pressure threshold to above the pressure threshold at any given moment, it is considered a passenger sitting down, and the corresponding timestamp is recorded. If the seat pressure value suddenly changes from above the pressure threshold to below the pressure threshold at any given moment, it is determined as a passenger leaving their seat, and the corresponding timestamp is recorded.

[0053] S203, Passenger seating timestamp and departure timestamp Seat Association: In actual operation of buses without standing areas, passengers typically choose to use the same seat throughout the entire journey and rarely change seats. Therefore, we define a seat occupancy as the period from when a passenger sits down to when the nearest passenger leaves the seat. Under normal circumstances, assuming accurate data collection, a seat occupancy can be considered equivalent to a passenger's journey. Thus, by tracking seat occupancy, we can indirectly reconstruct the passenger's travel behavior. The timestamps of passenger seating and departure are associated with the corresponding unique seat ID and the total number of times the seat has been occupied up to the current seating or departure time, thus recording a single occupancy process.

[0054] S204, Total number of passenger seating actions at station i Total number of times the person left their seat

[0055] The process for identifying the number of passengers getting on and off at each station is as follows:

[0056] S211. Capture video image data of passengers getting on and off the bus within the time window for passenger boarding and alighting actions, and use object detection and tracking algorithms to extract the motion trajectories of the passengers getting on and off the bus, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the time window for recognizing passenger boarding and alighting actions is...

[0057] S212. By comparing the displacement of the motion trajectory in the horizontal and vertical directions with the corresponding preset thresholds, the number of passengers boarding at station i is counted. and number of times getting off It is associated with the name and order of site i.

[0058] Step 3: Based on the passenger boarding and alighting numbers at each station, correct the boarding and alighting station identification results obtained from passenger seating status identification to avoid the problem of failing to detect seating or leaving behavior within the passenger seating status identification time window due to passengers leaving their seats too early or too late. Figure 3 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0059] S301, Calculate the number of times passengers board at station i. Total number of times seating behavior The difference and the number of passengers getting off at station i Total number of times the person left their seat The difference

[0060] S302, Determine whether the condition is met. If yes, it indicates that the passenger's seating status is correctly identified. The station name and station number of station i are associated with the corresponding passenger's seating status, and the process proceeds to step S305. If no, the process proceeds to step S303.

[0061] S303, Determine whether the condition is met. If so, then the number of passengers getting on and off the bus is incorrectly identified. The station name and station number of station i should be compared with... If not, detect seating behavior within the passenger seating status recognition correction time window, and if there is a record of seating, then... For each seating action, the station name and station order of station i will be compared with... Seating record and The seating record must be associated with the passenger information; otherwise, the number of passengers getting on and off the bus will be incorrectly identified. The station name and station number of station i should be linked to... The passenger seating record is associated with a time window for passenger seating status recognition correction. in This is the timestamp of the door closing when the vehicle arrives at station i. Let Δt be the timestamp of the door opening when the vehicle arrives at station i+1. d and Δt a These are the times it takes for the vehicle to come to a complete stop and open its doors, and for the vehicle to accelerate to normal driving speed from the moment it begins to decelerate;

[0062] S304, Determine if the condition is met. If so, then the number of passengers getting on and off the bus is incorrectly identified. The station name and station number of station i should be compared with... If no record of leaving the seat is associated, then detect the vehicle's departure behavior within the passenger departure status recognition correction time window; if there is a departure behavior greater than or equal to... For each instance of leaving the seat, the station name and station order of station i will be compared with... Record of leaving the seat and The departure record must be associated with the passenger information; otherwise, the number of passengers getting on and off the bus will be incorrectly identified. The station name and station number of station i should be linked to... The passenger departure record is associated with a time window for passenger departure status recognition correction. in This is the door closing timestamp when the vehicle arrives at station i-1. Let Δt be the timestamp of the door opening when the vehicle arrives at station i. d and Δt a These are the times it takes for the vehicle to come to a complete stop and open its doors, and for the vehicle to accelerate to normal driving speed from the moment it begins to decelerate;

[0063] S305. Obtain the boarding / alighting station identification result for station i, and perform boarding / alighting station identification for the next station.

[0064] Based on the design concept of redundant systems, the method proposed in this embodiment comprehensively analyzes the logical relationship between the passenger's seating status and the number of passengers getting on and off the bus, taking into account the error of data collection. This avoids identification anomalies caused by passengers leaving their seats too early or sitting down too late. This optimized design ensures accurate judgment of passenger getting on and off the bus, further improving the reliability and accuracy of the identification results of getting on and off the bus stations.

[0065] Step 4: Based on the corrected boarding and alighting station identification results, obtain the passenger flow OD matrix for the specified time period in both directions of the bus route without standing areas.

[0066] The process of passenger flow OD extraction is as follows:

[0067] S401. Determine the time period for which the OD matrix needs to be calculated based on actual operational scheduling optimization needs;

[0068] S402. Filter seat occupancy records based on passenger seating status within a specified time period;

[0069] S403. Traverse the filtered seat occupancy records, and assign them to the OD combinations of each stop in both directions of the bus route without standing area according to the identification results of the boarding and alighting stations. Count the seat occupancy records corresponding to each stop OD combination to obtain the OD matrix of the bus route without standing area in both directions within a specified time period.

[0070] If the above methods are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0071] Based on the above method, this embodiment also provides a passenger flow OD extraction system for buses without standing areas, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes:

[0072] The vehicle operation status detection subsystem 1 includes a satellite positioning terminal module 11 and a door status detection module 12. The satellite positioning terminal module 11 can be implemented by connecting to the existing road transport vehicle satellite positioning system on-board terminal or by installing an independent satellite positioning module. It collects vehicle positioning information in real time at time intervals of no more than 5 seconds to determine the vehicle's location. The vehicle positioning information specifically includes: time (accurate to the second), longitude and latitude (accurate to 6 decimal places), and vehicle speed (accurate to the unit place). The door status detection module 12 detects the opening and closing status of the doors through a self-control switch and supporting circuits. When the bus door in the no-standing area closes (i.e., the door changes from open to closed) and the bus door opens (i.e., the door changes from closed to open), it generates a corresponding signal.

[0073] The passenger seating status detection subsystem 2 is used to identify the passenger seating status, including sitting and leaving the seat. It uses a membrane pressure sensing module to detect the pressure value of each seat on the bus in the non-standing area in real time and collects the pressure value signal at a time interval of no more than 5 seconds. The pressure detection range is determined to be 20-100 kg based on the weight distribution of minors aged 6-18 and adults.

[0074] The passenger boarding / alighting detection subsystem 3 is used to identify the number of passengers boarding / alighting at each stop. It uses high-definition camera modules (including surveillance cameras with a resolution of no less than 1080p) installed on the top of the boarding / alighting doors of buses in non-standing areas to record video images of passengers boarding / alighting when the doors open, which serve as the raw data for identifying the number of passengers boarding / alighting.

[0075] The central processing unit subsystem 4 is used to receive data from the vehicle operation status detection subsystem 1, the passenger seating status detection subsystem 2, and the number of passengers getting on and off the bus detection subsystem 3 through the existing wireless communication module; execute the passenger seating status recognition program to output the passenger seating status recognition result, i.e., the passenger seating / leaving timestamp and number of times; execute the passenger getting on and off the bus action recognition program to output the number of passengers getting on and off the bus; execute the passenger getting on and off station logic operation program to correct the getting on and off station recognition result obtained based on the passenger seating status recognition result; and execute the passenger flow OD aggregation operation program to extract the passenger flow OD matrix for a specified time period in both directions of the bus route without standing area based on the corrected getting on and off station recognition result.

[0076] The memory subsystem 5 is used to store vehicle positioning information, door opening and closing status, passenger seating status, number of passengers getting on and off at each station, as well as the results of station identification and passenger flow OD extraction.

[0077] The aforementioned system fully integrates multiple data sources, such as seat pressure sensor data, satellite positioning data, and surveillance video data, achieving integrated data utilization. This not only reduces the system's installation and modification costs but also overcomes the shortcomings of traditional manual survey methods, which are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly. By efficiently utilizing existing equipment and the information it collects, it can provide a more economical and practical solution for identifying passenger boarding and alighting points on buses without standing areas, extracting passenger flow origin-destination (OD) data, and conducting further analysis.

[0078] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for extracting the origin-destination (OD) flow of buses without standing areas, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Obtain vehicle location information and detect the open / closed status of vehicle doors; Based on the vehicle positioning information and the opening and closing status of the doors, the passenger seating status and the number of passengers getting on and off at each station are identified. The passenger seating status includes passenger sitting behavior and leaving behavior. Based on the identification results of the number of passengers getting on and off at each station, the identification results of the boarding and alighting stations obtained based on the identification results of the passenger seating status are corrected. Based on the corrected boarding and alighting station identification results, the passenger flow OD matrix for bus routes without standing areas in both directions during a specified time period is obtained. The process of identifying boarding and alighting stations is as follows: S301, Computing Station Number of passengers boarding Total number of times seating behavior The difference and sites Number of passengers getting off Total number of times the person left their seat The difference ; S302, Determine whether the condition is met. If so, it indicates that the passenger's seating status has been correctly identified, and the station will be... If the station name and station number are associated with the corresponding passenger's seating status, proceed to step S305; otherwise, proceed to step S303. S303, Determine whether the condition is met. If so, then the number of passengers getting on and off the bus is incorrectly identified, and the station should be adjusted accordingly. station names and station order If not, detect seating behavior within the passenger seating status recognition correction time window, and if there is a record of seating, then... Each seating action will result in the site being... station names and station order Seating record and The seating record must be linked; otherwise, the number of passengers getting on and off the train will be incorrectly identified, and the station will be linked to the record. station names and station order The passenger seating record is associated with a time window for passenger seating status recognition correction. ,in For vehicles arriving at the station The closing timestamp at that time For vehicles arriving at the station The time stamp of the door opening and These are the times it takes for the vehicle to come to a complete stop and open its doors, and for the vehicle to accelerate to normal driving speed from the moment it begins to decelerate; S304, Determine if the condition is met. If so, then the number of passengers getting on and off the bus is incorrectly identified, and the station should be adjusted accordingly. station names and station order If no record of leaving the seat is associated, then detect the vehicle's departure behavior within the passenger departure status recognition correction time window; if there is a departure behavior greater than or equal to... If a person leaves their seat, the station will be... station names and station order Record of leaving the seat and The departure record must be linked to the passenger log; otherwise, the number of passengers getting on and off the train will be incorrectly identified, and the station will be linked to the record. station names and station order The passenger departure record is associated with a time window for passenger departure status recognition correction. ,in For vehicles arriving at the station The closing timestamp at that time For vehicles arriving at the station The time stamp of the door opening and These are the times it takes for the vehicle to come to a complete stop and open its doors, and for the vehicle to accelerate to normal driving speed from the moment it begins to decelerate; S305, Obtaining the site Based on the identification results of the boarding and alighting stations, the boarding and alighting station identification for the next station is performed.

2. The method for extracting the origin-destination (OD) flow of a bus without a standing area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle positioning information includes the time, vehicle speed, and the longitude and latitude of the vehicle.

3. The method for extracting the origin-destination (OD) flow of a bus without a standing area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The opening and closing status of the vehicle doors is detected by an automatic control switch and supporting circuitry, and the arrival status of the vehicle at the station is recorded. Opening timestamp and closing timestamp These serve as the arrival and departure stations for vehicles, respectively. The time.

4. The method for extracting the origin-destination (OD) flow of a bus without a standing area according to claim 3, characterized in that, Arrive at the station The vehicle's location information corresponding to the time is compared with the preset route and station map to determine the station name and station number of the vehicle's current location, and is then compared with the vehicle's arrival and departure times at the stations. The time is related.

5. The method for extracting the origin-destination (OD) flow of a bus without a standing area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process for recognizing a passenger's seated status is as follows: Passenger seating status recognition time window passenger seating timestamp and departure timestamp The passenger seating status recognition time window is ,in, and For the vehicle arrival station The door opening timestamp and door closing timestamp. and These are the times it takes for the vehicle to come to a complete stop and open its doors, and for the vehicle to accelerate to normal driving speed from the moment it begins to decelerate; Passenger seating timestamp and departure timestamp Associated with seats; Statistical sites Total number of passenger seating actions Total number of times the person left their seat .

6. The method for extracting the origin-destination (OD) flow of a bus without a standing area according to claim 5, characterized in that, Seat pressure values ​​are acquired using a thin-film pressure sensor and compared with a preset pressure threshold to record the passenger's seating time stamp. and departure timestamp .

7. The method for extracting the origin-destination (OD) flow of a bus without a standing area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process for identifying the number of passengers getting on and off at each station is as follows: Video image data of passengers boarding and alighting is captured within a time window for passenger boarding and alighting action recognition. The motion trajectories of the passengers are extracted using a target detection and tracking algorithm. The passenger boarding and alighting action recognition time window is defined as follows: ,in, and For the vehicle arrival station The door opening and closing timestamps at that time; By comparing the displacements of the motion trajectory in the horizontal and vertical directions with corresponding thresholds, statistical analysis of the sites is conducted. Number of passengers boarding and number of times getting off and with the site The station names and station order are related.

8. The method for extracting the origin-destination (OD) flow of a bus without a standing area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of passenger flow OD extraction is as follows: S401. Determine the time period for which the OD matrix needs to be calculated based on actual operational scheduling optimization needs; S402. Filter seat occupancy records based on passenger seating status within a specified time period; S403. Traverse the filtered seat occupancy records, and assign them to the OD combinations of each stop in both directions of the bus route without standing area according to the identification results of the boarding and alighting stations. Count the seat occupancy records corresponding to each stop OD combination to obtain the OD matrix of the bus route without standing area in both directions within a specified time period.

9. A passenger flow origin-destination (OD) extraction system for buses without standing areas, characterized in that, include: The vehicle operation status detection subsystem (1) includes a satellite positioning terminal module (11) and a door status detection module (12), which are used to acquire vehicle positioning information and detect the opening and closing status of the doors, respectively. The passenger seating status detection subsystem (2) is used to identify the passenger seating status, including sitting down and leaving the seat. The passenger boarding and alighting detection subsystem (3) is used to identify the number of passengers boarding and alighting at each station; The central processing unit subsystem (4) is used to correct the identification results of boarding and alighting stations based on the identification results of the number of passengers boarding and alighting at each station, and to obtain the passenger flow OD matrix of the bus route without standing area in both directions within a specified time period based on the corrected identification results of boarding and alighting stations. The memory subsystem (5) is used to store the vehicle positioning information, the door opening and closing status, the passenger sitting status and the number of passengers getting on and off at each station, as well as the results of station identification and passenger flow OD extraction. The process of identifying boarding and alighting stations is as follows: S301, Computing Station Number of passengers boarding Total number of times seating behavior The difference and sites Number of passengers getting off Total number of times the person left their seat The difference ; S302, Determine whether the condition is met. If so, it indicates that the passenger's seating status has been correctly identified, and the station will be... If the station name and station number are associated with the corresponding passenger's seating status, proceed to step S305; otherwise, proceed to step S303. S303, Determine whether the condition is met. If so, then the number of passengers getting on and off the bus is incorrectly identified, and the station should be adjusted accordingly. station names and station order If not, detect seating behavior within the passenger seating status recognition correction time window, and if there is a record of seating, then... Each seating action will result in the site being... station names and station order Seating record and The seating record must be linked; otherwise, the number of passengers getting on and off the train will be incorrectly identified, and the station will be linked to the record. station names and station order The passenger seating record is associated with a time window for passenger seating status recognition correction. ,in For vehicles arriving at the station The closing timestamp at that time For vehicles arriving at the station The time stamp of the door opening and These are the times it takes for the vehicle to come to a complete stop and open its doors, and for the vehicle to accelerate to normal driving speed from the moment it begins to decelerate; S304, Determine if the condition is met. If so, then the number of passengers getting on and off the bus is incorrectly identified, and the station should be adjusted accordingly. station names and station order If no record of leaving the seat is associated, then detect the vehicle's departure behavior within the passenger departure status recognition correction time window; if there is a departure behavior greater than or equal to... If a person leaves their seat, the station will be... station names and station order Record of leaving the seat and The departure record must be linked to the passenger log; otherwise, the number of passengers getting on and off the train will be incorrectly identified, and the station will be linked to the record. station names and station order The passenger departure record is associated with a time window for passenger departure status recognition correction. ,in For vehicles arriving at the station The closing timestamp at that time For vehicles arriving at the station The time stamp of the door opening and These are the times it takes for the vehicle to come to a complete stop and open its doors, and for the vehicle to accelerate to normal driving speed from the moment it begins to decelerate; S305, Obtaining the site Based on the identification results of the boarding and alighting stations, the boarding and alighting station identification for the next station is performed.

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