A fault simulation electrical switch

Abstract

This invention discloses a fault simulation electrical switch, belonging to the field of electrical technology. It includes a switch signal acquisition unit, an electrical signal acquisition unit, an operation and display unit, a communication unit, a control circuit, a tripping device, a circuit fault execution mechanism, and a microprocessor unit. The microprocessor unit includes a microprocessor. When the microprocessor receives a signal from a host computer requiring fault simulation, it enters a fault simulation mode and simulates the corresponding fault. This invention, by simulating the fault conditions of the switch, provides electrical maintenance personnel with a quick, intuitive, scientifically designed, and highly practical training and fault diagnosis application scenario. It solves the problem of traditional training methods emphasizing theoretical knowledge and lacking on-site practice, and can rapidly train electrical maintenance personnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electrical technology, specifically relating to fault simulation electrical switches. Background Technology

[0002] Electrical maintenance personnel need a high level of theoretical knowledge and field experience. However, traditional training methods often emphasize theoretical knowledge, while field experience requires a significant amount of time to accumulate, resulting in slow progress and a long training period. Providing electrical maintenance personnel with a simulated electrical fault scenario, allowing them to intuitively troubleshoot problems, would enable rapid training of electrical maintenance personnel.

[0003] Currently, there are many existing technologies for electrical fault simulation, but there is still no publicly available technical solution for electrical switches that can be used for fault simulation in the training and assessment of electrical maintenance personnel. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a fault simulation electrical switch that addresses the problem of traditional training methods that emphasize theoretical knowledge but lack practical experience by simulating fault conditions of the switch.

[0005] Specifically, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a fault simulation electrical switch, comprising a switch signal acquisition unit, an electrical signal acquisition unit, an operation and display unit, a communication unit, a control circuit, a tripping device, a circuit fault execution mechanism, and a microprocessor unit. The switch signal acquisition unit acquires the open / closed position of the switch and the operation button status in the operation and display unit, converts them, and sends them to the microprocessor unit. The electrical quantity signal acquisition unit acquires the voltage and current signals passing through the switch, converts them into level signals through the signal processing circuit, and sends them to the microprocessor unit; The operation and display unit is connected to the microprocessor unit and includes a display screen and operation buttons. The display screen displays the switch status and corresponding information, and the operation buttons are used to perform corresponding operations on the switch. The communication unit is connected to the microprocessor unit and is used for communication between the switch and the host computer. The control circuit is controlled by a microprocessor unit and is used to operate the tripping device; The tripping device is used to open and close the switch under the operation of the control circuit; The circuit fault actuator is controlled independently by the microprocessor unit, and can independently open and close the internal circuit of the switch when the tripping device does not operate; The microprocessor unit includes an A / D conversion module, a microprocessor, and peripheral circuitry. The peripheral circuitry connects the microprocessor to external systems. The A / D conversion module converts the electrical quantities acquired by the electrical quantity signal acquisition unit and sends them to the microprocessor. The microprocessor is configured to switch to fault simulation mode and simulate the corresponding fault when it receives a signal from the host computer requiring fault simulation. When the fault to be simulated is an electrical fault, the microprocessor generates the fault electrical value and / or action alarm value to be simulated and displays it on the operation and display unit to simulate the electrical fault. When the fault to be simulated is a loop fault, the microprocessor independently controls the loop fault actuator to disconnect the internal circuit of the switch while the tripping device is in the closed position, so as to simulate the loop fault. When the fault to be simulated is a communication fault, the microprocessor controls the signal level of the communication unit to simulate the communication fault. When the fault to be simulated is a remote control fault, the microprocessor ignores the corresponding remote control command to simulate the remote control fault.

[0006] Furthermore, the electrical quantity signal acquisition unit includes current acquisition and voltage acquisition circuits, which utilize current transformers and voltage transformers to acquire voltage and current signals passing through the switch.

[0007] Furthermore, the electrical quantity faults include simulated sampling accuracy faults, alarm / action event simulations, and secondary circuit disconnection faults.

[0008] Furthermore, the circuit faults include single-phase circuit faults and multi-phase circuit faults within the switch.

[0009] Furthermore, the communication failures include errors in the communication parameters of the switch body and malfunctions of the serial port.

[0010] Furthermore, the remote control faults include switch remote control failure and protection action tripping failure.

[0011] The present invention discloses an electrical switch fault simulation method, wherein the electrical switch includes an operation and display unit, a communication unit, a tripping device, a circuit fault execution mechanism, and a microprocessor. When the microprocessor receives a signal from the host computer requiring fault simulation, the microprocessor switches to fault simulation mode to simulate the corresponding fault, wherein: When the fault to be simulated is an electrical fault, the microprocessor generates the fault electrical value and / or action alarm value to be simulated and displays it on the operation and display unit to simulate the electrical fault. When the fault to be simulated is a loop fault, the microprocessor independently controls the loop fault actuator to disconnect the internal circuit of the switch while the tripping device is in the closed position, so as to simulate the loop fault. When the fault to be simulated is a communication fault, the microprocessor controls the signal level of the communication unit to simulate the communication fault. When the fault to be simulated is a remote control fault, the microprocessor ignores the corresponding remote control command to simulate the remote control fault.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By simulating the fault conditions of switches, this invention achieves comprehensive fault state simulation of electrical switches, including electrical quantity faults, circuit faults, communication faults, and remote control faults. It provides electrical maintenance personnel with a fast, intuitive, scientifically designed, and highly practical training and troubleshooting application scenario, solving the problem of traditional training methods that emphasize theoretical knowledge but lack on-site practice. This allows for the rapid training of electrical maintenance personnel. Using this invention, on-site assessments of trainees can be conducted, effectively avoiding the misjudgments, incorrect judgments, and poor on-site troubleshooting abilities caused by relying on numerous recorded cases in existing fault diagnosis methods. The invention is more intuitive, leaving a deeper impression on trainees, resulting in better practical training and significantly reducing teaching costs. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a hardware module diagram of the simulated electrical switch of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a block diagram simulating the fault of the electrical switch in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0016] Example 1: One embodiment of the present invention is a fault simulation electrical switch. See below. Figure 1The switch includes a switching signal acquisition unit, an electrical signal acquisition unit, an operation and display unit, a communication unit, a control circuit, a tripping device, a circuit fault actuator, and a microprocessor unit.

[0017] The microprocessor unit includes an A / D conversion module, a microprocessor (i.e., CPU), and its peripheral circuits. The peripheral circuits include a watchdog monitor, a serial bus, input / output loops, a communication interface, and other peripheral circuits used for connecting the microprocessor to external systems. The A / D conversion module converts the electrical quantities acquired by the electrical signal acquisition unit and sends them to the microprocessor. During normal operation, the acquired electrical quantities are sent to the CPU via the input loop, converted by the A / D converter, and then sent to the CPU's data memory via the serial bus. The CPU calculates and compares the data in the memory, makes corresponding fault judgments and handles them, and then sends the processed signals to external units such as the display unit and control circuits through the output loop to issue fault alarms or execute trips.

[0018] The electrical signal acquisition unit includes current acquisition and voltage acquisition circuits. It uses current transformers and voltage transformers to acquire the voltage and current signals passing through the switch. These signals are then converted into level signals by the signal processing circuit and sent to the microprocessor unit, where the CPU performs the judgment. The switch signal acquisition unit acquires the open / closed position of the switch and the operation button status in the operation and display unit. After opto-isolation, the relevant signals are converted into digital signals that the CPU can receive and sent to the microprocessor unit for monitoring and operation control by the host computer.

[0019] The operation and display unit is connected to the microprocessor unit and includes a display screen and operation buttons. The display screen shows the switch status and corresponding information, and the operation buttons are used to perform corresponding operations on the switch. This embodiment uses an LCD screen to display the various states of the switch, load parameter values, fault types, alarm protection actions, and other corresponding information in real time. The operation buttons are used to set protection settings, warning values, test the switch, and detect various fault functions.

[0020] The control circuit, controlled by a microprocessor unit, operates the tripping device. The tripping device, under the control of the control circuit, opens and closes the switch. The circuit fault actuator, independently controlled by the microprocessor unit, can independently open and close the internal circuit of the switch even when the tripping device is not activated.

[0021] The communication unit is connected to the microprocessor unit and is used for communication between the switch and the host computer (i.e., the background master station). In this embodiment, the communication unit consists of an RS-485 transceiver forming a communication channel between the microprocessor's serial port and the serial bus. The switch can be connected to the host computer as a slave station to receive data from the host computer and complete functions such as remote control, telemetry, and remote adjustment.

[0022] The main process of fault simulation in this embodiment is as follows: When the microprocessor receives a signal from the host computer indicating that a fault needs to be simulated, the microprocessor switches to fault simulation mode and simulates the corresponding fault. Specifically: when the fault to be simulated is an electrical quantity fault, the microprocessor generates the electrical fault value and / or alarm value to be simulated and displays it on the operation and display unit to simulate the electrical quantity fault; when the fault to be simulated is a circuit fault, the microprocessor independently controls the circuit fault actuator to disconnect the internal circuit of the switch while the tripping device remains closed to simulate the circuit fault; when the fault to be simulated is a communication fault, the microprocessor controls the signal level of the communication unit to simulate the communication fault; when the fault to be simulated is a remote control fault, the microprocessor ignores the corresponding remote control command to simulate the remote control fault. Specifically, as follows... Figure 2 As shown.

[0023] Electrical quantity fault simulation. This fault manifestation includes sampling accuracy faults, alarm / action event simulations, and secondary circuit disconnections. The simulation principle involves switching the electrical sampling data source of the electrical switch in the circuit to a non-real sampling value. Instead, a microprocessor generates a set of characteristic values ​​to simulate the fault electrical values ​​and alarm / action values ​​to be simulated. Specifically, the host computer sends the corresponding fault simulation command to the switch CPU via RS485 communication. Upon receiving the command, the CPU switches from normal electrical sampling function to electrical quantity fault simulation mode, simulating sampling accuracy faults, alarm / action event simulations, and secondary circuit disconnections. The CPU disconnects the electrical quantity signal acquisition unit according to the fault simulation command and simultaneously executes the electrical quantity fault simulation function to generate the corresponding fault quantity display. The operation and display unit shows the electrical value of the fault status. The switch performs protection alarm calculations on the fault electrical value. If the value exceeds the protection setting, the LCD screen simultaneously displays a fault alarm, and the switch performs the fault action. For example, in a simulated undervoltage alarm event, the switch receives a simulated undervoltage alarm command from the host computer, causing the displayed sampled value to be less than the undervoltage set value. The switch's LCD displays the fault value and generates an undervoltage alarm prompt, and the switch's undervoltage protection is activated, causing the circuit breaker to trip. When exiting the simulated fault, the host computer sends a normal operating parameter command, and the switch restores the normal sampled value and automatically closes.

[0024] Circuit fault simulation. This fault manifests as a situation where all three phases of the switch's power supply and load sides are normally connected. After a circuit fault occurs, one or more phases inside the switch become disconnected. Voltage can be measured on the power supply side, but there is no voltage on the load side. During this fault simulation, the host computer sends a corresponding fault simulation command to the switch CPU via RS485 communication. Upon receiving the command, the CPU switches from normal circuit sampling mode to circuit fault simulation mode, directly controlling the circuit fault actuator to disconnect one or more phases of the power supply circuit inside the switch, simulating a primary circuit disconnection in any phase inside the switch. Simultaneously, the switch tripping device remains closed. At this time, the switch is closed, but the incoming and outgoing terminals are not conductive. For example, simulating a fault inside phase A of the switch, the simulated switch receives the fault simulation command from the host computer, causing the CPU to control the circuit fault actuator to disconnect the phase A circuit inside the switch. However, because the switch tripping device remains closed, the switch remains in the closed state. At this time, the instrument measures a normal voltage at the upper terminal of the switch, but there is no voltage at the lower terminal of phase A.

[0025] Communication Failure Simulation. This fault manifests as follows: Normal communication between the host computer and the switch was initially established, allowing the backend to read sampled values ​​from the switch. However, after a communication failure, communication between the backend and the switch ceases. In this simulation, the host computer sends a corresponding fault simulation command to the switch's CPU via RS485 communication. Upon receiving the command, the CPU switches from normal communication control mode to communication failure simulation mode, simulating errors in the switch's communication parameters and a malfunction of its serial port. Since the RS485 communication unit has a TXD transmitter and an RXD receiver, the communication unit is in transmitting mode when the TXD interface is low and receiving mode when the TXD interface is high. Therefore, the CPU can simulate the serial port fault by controlling the high and low level switching of the communication interface.

[0026] Remote control fault simulation. This fault manifests as follows: Normally, the master station can remotely control the switch and automatically trips upon a protection fault. However, after a remote control fault occurs, the switch does not trip after a protection alarm event. In this fault simulation, the master station sends a corresponding fault simulation command to the switch CPU via RS485 communication. Upon receiving the command, the CPU switches from its normal tripping mode to remote control fault simulation mode, ignoring the remote control command and simulating switch remote control failure and protection tripping failure, triggering a remote tripping / closing failure alarm. For example, simulating undervoltage protection tripping failure, the power supply side inputs a voltage lower than the undervoltage setting, and the master station sends a remote control command, but the CPU does not trip, resulting in an undervoltage alarm displayed on the LCD, but the switch does not trip.

[0027] While the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, these embodiments are not intended to limit the invention. Terms such as up, down, left, and right in the embodiments are used only to indicate relative relationships. Any equivalent changes or modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention are also within the protection scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the content defined in the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A fault simulation electrical switch, comprising a switch signal acquisition unit, an electrical signal acquisition unit, an operation and display unit, a communication unit, a control circuit, a tripping device, a circuit fault actuator, and a microprocessor unit, characterized in that: The switch signal acquisition unit acquires the open / closed position of the switch and the operation button status in the operation and display unit. After photoelectric isolation, the relevant signals are converted into digital signals that the microprocessor can receive and then sent to the microprocessor unit. The electrical quantity signal acquisition unit acquires the voltage and current signals passing through the switch, converts them into level signals through the signal processing circuit, and sends them to the microprocessor unit; The operation and display unit is connected to the microprocessor unit and includes a display screen and operation buttons. The display screen displays the switch status and information including load parameter values, fault types, and alarm protection actions. The operation buttons are used to perform switch operations including protection setting, warning value setting, switch testing, and fault function detection. The communication unit is connected to the microprocessor unit and is used for communication between the switch and the host computer. The control circuit is controlled by a microprocessor unit and is used to operate the tripping device; The tripping device is used to open and close the switch under the operation of the control circuit; The circuit fault actuator is controlled independently by the microprocessor unit, and can independently open and close the internal circuit of the switch when the tripping device does not operate; The microprocessor unit includes an A / D conversion module, a microprocessor, and peripheral circuitry. The peripheral circuitry connects the microprocessor to external systems. The A / D conversion module converts the electrical quantities acquired by the electrical quantity signal acquisition unit and sends them to the microprocessor. The microprocessor is configured to switch to fault simulation mode and simulate the corresponding fault when it receives a fault simulation signal from a host computer. When the fault to be simulated is an electrical fault, the microprocessor generates the fault electrical value and / or action alarm value to be simulated and displays it on the operation and display unit. The switch performs protection alarm calculation on the fault electrical value. If it exceeds the protection setting value, the display screen will give a fault alarm at the same time, and the switch will perform the fault action to simulate the electrical fault. When the fault to be simulated is a loop fault, the microprocessor independently controls the loop fault actuator to disconnect the internal circuit of the switch while the tripping device is in the closed position, so as to simulate the loop fault. When the fault to be simulated is a communication fault, the microprocessor controls the signal level of the communication unit to simulate the communication fault. When the fault to be simulated is a remote control fault, the microprocessor ignores the corresponding remote control command to simulate the remote control fault.

2. The fault simulation electrical switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical quantity signal acquisition unit includes current acquisition and voltage acquisition circuits, which use current transformers and voltage transformers to acquire voltage and current signals passing through the switch.

3. The fault simulation electrical switch according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The electrical quantity faults include simulated sampling accuracy faults, alarm / action event simulations, and secondary circuit disconnection faults.

4. The fault simulation electrical switch according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The circuit faults include single-phase circuit faults and multi-phase circuit faults inside the switch.

5. The fault simulation electrical switch according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The communication failures include errors in the communication parameters of the switch body and malfunctions of the serial port of the switch body.

6. The fault simulation electrical switch according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The remote control faults include switch remote control failure and protection action tripping failure.

7. A method for simulating electrical switch faults, using a fault simulation electrical switch as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 for simulation, characterized in that: When the microprocessor receives a signal from the host computer requiring a fault simulation, the microprocessor enters fault simulation mode and simulates the corresponding fault, wherein: When the fault to be simulated is an electrical fault, the microprocessor generates the fault electrical value and / or action alarm value to be simulated and displays it on the operation and display unit. The switch performs protection alarm calculation on the fault electrical value. If it exceeds the protection setting value, the display screen will give a fault alarm at the same time, and the switch will perform the fault action to simulate the electrical fault. When the fault to be simulated is a loop fault, the microprocessor independently controls the loop fault actuator to disconnect the internal circuit of the switch while the tripping device is in the closed position, so as to simulate the loop fault. When the fault to be simulated is a communication fault, the microprocessor controls the signal level of the communication unit to simulate the communication fault. When the fault to be simulated is a remote control fault, the microprocessor ignores the corresponding remote control command to simulate the remote control fault.

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