An ultra-wideband miniaturized 90° phase shift power divider

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of microwave circuit, and particularly relates to a kind of ultra-wideband miniaturization 90 ° phase shift power divider.The present application includes single-layer double-sided panel power divider and phase shifter;Power divider includes input microstrip line arranged on the upper layer of single-layer double-sided panel and slot line arranged on the lower layer of single-layer double-sided panel, input microstrip line is coupled with slot line, and input microstrip line is perpendicular to slot line;Phase shifter includes phase shifter main body and reference line arranged on the upper layer of single-layer double-sided panel respectively;Phase shifter main body includes coupler, the end of coupler is short-circuited and connected with impedance transformation section, and output microstrip line is connected on coupler;The end of slot line is coupled with the connecting microstrip line arranged on the upper layer of single-layer double-sided panel, and the two ends of connecting microstrip line are connected with coupler and reference line respectively;Slot line divides signal into two-way signals of equal amplitude and opposite direction, and two-way signals enter phase shifter main body and reference line respectively.The present application provides a kind of ultra-wideband miniaturization 90 ° phase shift power divider.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of microwave circuit technology, and specifically relates to an ultra-wideband miniaturized 90° phase-shifting power divider. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of communication and IoT technologies, various electronic devices need to be able to communicate reliably across multiple frequency bands to meet the needs of various application scenarios, including wireless communication, smart cities, and industrial automation. This necessitates that communication equipment be designed to cover multiple frequency bands, and antennas need to cover multiple frequency bands to improve system integration. Signal transmission is affected by factors such as the atmosphere, terrain, and buildings, resulting in diverse signal polarization states. Circularly polarized antennas have the ability to resist multipath propagation interference, effectively improving signal stability and reliability. However, this also places higher demands on feeding technology, thus creating a design requirement for ultra-wideband 90° phase-shifting power dividers.

[0003] The ultra-wideband 90° phase-shifting power divider is the core circuit of a broadband circularly polarized antenna, determining important parameters such as the antenna's operating bandwidth and axial ratio. Designing a 90° phase-shifting power divider that can be integrated with the antenna has significant practical value. A common microstrip power divider is the Wilkinson power divider, with an operating bandwidth of 20%. Expanding the bandwidth requires adding multiple stages of quarter-impedance transformation sections and loading multiple resistors, resulting in high losses, large size, and difficulty in integration with ultra-wideband antennas. Common passive phase shifters are mainly based on balun structures, but their disadvantages include high losses and inability to be integrated into the antenna. Secondly, traditional reflective phase shifters have a bandwidth of approximately 70%, and expanding the bandwidth requires adding multiple stages of impedance matching networks, resulting in a large size. A third method uses discrete components such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors, which is simple but requires subsequent component soldering. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide an ultra-wideband miniaturized 90° phase-shifting power divider.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0006] An ultrawideband miniaturized 90° phase-shifting power divider includes a single-layer double-sided power divider and a phase shifter;

[0007] The power divider includes an input microstrip line disposed on the upper layer of a single-layer double-sided board and a slotted line disposed on the lower layer of the single-layer double-sided board. The input microstrip line is coupled to the slotted line and is perpendicular to the slotted line. A first port is provided on the input microstrip line.

[0008] The phase shifter includes a phase shifter body and a reference line respectively disposed on the upper layer of a single-layer double-sided board. The phase shifter body includes a coupler, the end of which is short-circuited and connected to an impedance transformation section. An output microstrip line is connected to the coupler, a second port is provided on the output microstrip line, and a third port is provided on the reference line.

[0009] The end of the slot line is coupled with a connecting microstrip line disposed on the upper layer of the single-layer double-sided board. The two ends of the connecting microstrip line are connected to a coupler and a reference line, respectively. The slot line divides the signal into two signals with equal amplitude and opposite direction. The two signals enter the phase shifter body and the reference line, respectively.

[0010] The input microstrip line and slot line of the present invention are disposed on both sides of a single-layer double-sided board, which facilitates antenna integration. Apart from the etching and metallization via processes on the printed circuit board, no additional electronic components are added, resulting in a simple structure.

[0011] The two ends of the microstrip line are connected to a coupler and a reference line, respectively, generating signals with equal amplitude and a 180-degree phase difference, which are then fed into the phase shifter body and the reference line, respectively. By combining and superimposing the phases of the power divider and the phase shifter, an ultra-wideband phase shifter with a 90° phase difference can be obtained.

[0012] Both the power divider and phase shifter are ultra-wideband designs, with a final impedance bandwidth of 118% (0.7–2.7 GHz), low loss, and easy integration with antennas via vertical interconnect.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a circular patch is loaded at the end of the input microstrip line, and a circular groove is loaded at the front end of the groove line. The circular patch and the circular groove partially overlap to adjust the impedance.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a sector-shaped groove is loaded at the end of the groove line. The radius of the sector-shaped groove is 10 mm, and the central angle of the sector-shaped groove is 90°.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reference line is bent. The bending of the reference line achieves miniaturization while ensuring that the reference line is located a considerable distance from the first port.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the short-circuited end of the coupler is connected to the impedance transformation section via a transition section. The transition section is a very short 50-ohm microstrip line.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an opening slot is provided at the center of the coupler. The width of the opening slot is 0.2 mm.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the impedance transformation section is a microstrip line with a gradually tapered width. The width of the high-impedance section of the impedance transformation section is 1.2 mm, and the width of the low-impedance section is 5 mm.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the impedance transformation section is perpendicular to the coupler.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, several short-circuit posts are made at the end of the impedance transformation section.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the input microstrip line, output microstrip line, reference line, and connecting microstrip line are all 50-ohm microstrip lines.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0023] 1. The input microstrip line and slot line of the present invention are disposed on both sides of a single-layer double-sided board, which facilitates antenna integration. Apart from the etching and metallization via processes on the printed circuit board, no additional electronic components are added, resulting in a simple structure.

[0024] 2. Connect the two ends of the microstrip line to a coupler and a reference line respectively to generate signals with equal amplitude and a 180-degree phase difference, which are then fed into the phase shifter body and the reference line respectively. By combining and superimposing the phases of the power divider and the phase shifter, an ultra-wideband phase shifter with a 90° phase difference can be obtained.

[0025] 3. Both the power divider and phase shifter are ultra-wideband designs, with a final impedance bandwidth of 118% (0.7–2.7 GHz), low loss, and easy integration with antennas through vertical interconnect. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 The upper-level circuit diagram of this invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is the lower-level circuit diagram of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 Yes, it's a simulation diagram of the reflection coefficient;

[0030] Figure 5 Simulation diagram of the transmission coefficients from the first port to the second and third ports of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a phase difference diagram between the second and third ports.

[0032] In the diagram: 1-Input microstrip line; 2-Slot line; 3-Reference line; 4-Coupled; 5-Impedance transformation section; 6-Output microstrip line; 7-Connecting microstrip line; 8-Circular patch; 9-Circular slot; 10-Sector slot; 11-Transition section; 12-Open slot; 13-Short circuit post. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0034] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the embodiments of the invention can be combined with each other.

[0035] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the ultra-wideband miniaturized 90° phase-shifting power divider of this embodiment includes a single-layer double-sided power divider and a phase shifter. The power divider and phase shifter are printed on a dielectric material with a thickness of 1 mm and a dielectric constant of 4.4. The overall size of the ultra-wideband miniaturized 90° phase-shifting power divider of this invention is less than 0.2λ. max *0.2λ max Where λ max The maximum wavelength corresponds to the lowest operating frequency.

[0036] The power divider includes an input microstrip line 1 disposed on the upper layer of a single-layer double-sided PCB and a slotted line 2 disposed on the lower layer of the single-layer double-sided PCB. The input microstrip line 1 is coupled to the slotted line 2 and is perpendicular to the slotted line 2. A first port is provided on the input microstrip line 1. A circular patch 8 is loaded at the end of the input microstrip line 1, and a circular slot 9 is loaded at the front end of the slotted line 2. The circular patch 8 and the circular slot 9 partially overlap to adjust the impedance. A sector-shaped slot 10 is loaded at the end of the slotted line 2. The radius of the sector-shaped slot 10 is 10 mm, and the central angle of the sector-shaped slot 10 is 90°. The width of the slotted line 2 is 0.2 mm, and the length of the slotted line 2 is 9 mm. The radius of the circular slot 9 is 5 mm. The input microstrip line 1 is a 50-ohm microstrip line.

[0037] The phase shifter includes a phase shifter body and a reference line 3, both disposed on the upper layer of a single-layer double-sided board. The phase shifter body includes a coupler 4, with its end short-circuited and connected to an impedance transformation section 5. An output microstrip line 6 is connected to the coupler 4, and a second port is provided on the output microstrip line 6. An opening slot 12 with a width of 0.2 mm is provided in the center of the coupler 4. The length of the coupler 4 is 0.25λ0, where λ0 is the wavelength of the center frequency dielectric. The short-circuited end of the coupler 4 is connected to the impedance transformation section 5 via a transition section 11. The transition section 11 is a short, high-impedance line that connects the impedance transformation section 5 to the coupling circuit. The impedance transformation section 5 is a microstrip line with a tapered width. The high-impedance section of the impedance transformation section 5 has a width of 1.2 mm, the low-impedance section has a width of 5 mm, and the length of the impedance transformation section 5 is 0.25λ0. The impedance transformation section 5 is perpendicular to the coupler 4. Three equally spaced short-circuit posts 13 are provided at the end of the impedance transformation section 5. The diameter of short-circuit post 13 is 1 mm. The spacing between short-circuit posts 13 is less than 0.1λ. min In this embodiment, the spacing of the short-circuit posts 13 can be 1.8 mm. Wherein, λ min The minimum wavelength corresponds to the maximum operating frequency.

[0038] A third port is provided on the reference line 3. The reference line 3 is bent to achieve miniaturization while ensuring that the reference line 3 is far from the first port. The output microstrip line 6 and the reference line 3 are 50-ohm microstrip lines. The length of the reference line 3 is 0.75λ0.

[0039] The slot line 2 is coupled to a connecting microstrip line 7 located on the upper layer of a single-layer double-sided PCB. The two ends of the connecting microstrip line 7 are connected to a coupler 4 and a reference line 3, respectively. The connecting microstrip line 7 is a 50-ohm microstrip line and is integrally formed with the reference line 3. The slot line 2 splits the signal into two equal-amplitude, opposite-direction signals, which enter the phase shifter body and the reference line 3, respectively. The phase difference between the second port and the third port is 90±5°. By combining and superimposing the phase of the power divider (180°) with the phase of the phase shifter (90°), an ultra-wideband phase shifter with a 90° phase difference can be obtained.

[0040] The working principle of the power divider: The signal first enters from the input microstrip line 1. A circular patch 8 is loaded at the end of the microstrip line, and the signal is coupled into the lower slot line 2. A circular slot 9 is loaded at the front end of slot line 2, and the circular slot 9 partially overlaps with the circular patch 8 to adjust the impedance. A fan-shaped slot 10 is loaded at the end of slot line 2. Above the end of slot line 2 is the connecting microstrip line 7. The power divider generates signals with equal amplitude but opposite phase, which enter the phase shifter body and the reference line 3 respectively.

[0041] like Figures 4-6As shown, the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and other parameter curves of the ultra-wideband miniaturized 90° phase-shifting power divider are presented. It can be seen from the figure that within a frequency band of 117% (0.7–2.7 GHz) of relative bandwidth, VSWR < 2. The phase difference is 90 ± 5°, which meets the requirements of communication systems.

[0042] The input microstrip line 1 and slot line 2 of the present invention are disposed on both sides of a single-layer double-sided board, which is easy for antenna integration. Apart from the etching and metallization via processes on the printed circuit board, no additional electronic components are added, and the structure is simple.

[0043] The two ends of the microstrip line 7 are connected to coupler 4 and reference line 3, respectively, generating signals with equal amplitude and a 180-degree phase difference, which enter the phase shifter body and reference line 3, respectively. By combining and superimposing the phases of the power divider and the phase shifter, an ultra-wideband phase shifter with a 90° phase difference can be obtained.

[0044] Both the power divider and phase shifter are ultra-wideband designs, with a final impedance bandwidth of 118% (0.7–2.7 GHz) and low loss. The second and third ports are interconnected vertically and on the same layer, making them easy to integrate with the antenna.

[0045] This invention is not limited to the above-described optional embodiments. Anyone can derive other various forms of products under the guidance of this invention. However, regardless of any changes made in their shape or structure, any technical solution that falls within the scope of the claims of this invention shall be protected by this invention.

Claims

1. A miniaturized 90° phase-shifting power divider with ultrawideband capability, characterized in that: This includes power dividers and phase shifters with single-layer double-sided panels; The power divider includes an input microstrip line (1) disposed on the upper layer of a single-layer double-sided board and a slot line (2) disposed on the lower layer of the single-layer double-sided board. The input microstrip line (1) is coupled to the slot line (2), and the input microstrip line (1) is perpendicular to the slot line (2). A first port is provided on the input microstrip line (1). The phase shifter includes a phase shifter body and a reference line (3) respectively disposed on the upper layer of a single-layer double-sided board. The phase shifter body includes a coupler (4). The end of the coupler (4) is short-circuited and connected to an impedance transformation section (5). An output microstrip line (6) is connected to the coupler (4). A second port is provided on the output microstrip line (6), and a third port is provided on the reference line (3). The slot line (2) is coupled to a connecting microstrip line (7) disposed on the upper layer of a single-layer double-sided board. The two ends of the connecting microstrip line (7) are connected to a coupler (4) and a reference line (3) respectively. The slot line (2) divides the signal into two signals with equal amplitude and opposite direction. The two signals enter the phase shifter body and the reference line (3) respectively. A circular patch (8) is loaded at the end of the input microstrip line (1), and a circular groove (9) is loaded at the front end of the groove line (2). The circular patch (8) and the circular groove (9) partially overlap. The end of the groove line (2) is loaded with a fan-shaped groove (10).

2. The ultra-wideband miniaturized 90° phase-shifting power divider according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reference line (3) is bent.

3. The ultra-wideband miniaturized 90° phase-shifting power divider according to claim 1, characterized in that: The short-circuit end of the coupler (4) is connected to the impedance transformation section (5) via the transition section (11).

4. The ultra-wideband miniaturized 90° phase-shifting power divider according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coupler (4) has an opening slot (12) at its center.

5. The ultra-wideband miniaturized 90° phase-shifting power divider according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impedance transformation segment (5) is a width-gradient microstrip line.

6. The ultra-wideband miniaturized 90° phase-shifting power divider according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impedance transformation segment (5) is perpendicular to the coupler (4).

7. The ultra-wideband miniaturized 90° phase-shifting power divider according to claim 1, characterized in that: Several short-circuit posts (13) are installed at the end of the impedance transformation section (5).

8. The ultra-wideband miniaturized 90° phase-shifting power divider according to claim 1, characterized in that: The input microstrip line (1), output microstrip line (6), reference line (3), and connecting microstrip line (7) are all 50-ohm microstrip lines.

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