LEO satellite network satellite handover methods, systems, electronic equipment, and storage media

Abstract

This application provides a satellite handover method, system, electronic device, and storage medium for LEO satellite networks. It configures corresponding placement strategies for the AMF (Active Functions Component) network elements of each master control satellite node, allowing for the placement and updating of these components according to these strategies, thereby improving the operational efficiency of each master control satellite node. Then, based on the link state information of the source master control satellite node and its neighboring master control satellite nodes, it uses a hierarchical analysis algorithm to assign accurate weight values ​​to each attribute. Based on these weight values, it determines the target master control satellite node for handover from among the surrounding neighboring master control satellite nodes. This allows the ground terminal's context data at the source master control satellite node to be transferred and released to the target master control satellite node for handover, solving the handover management problem for ground terminals in dynamic LEO satellite networks and achieving efficient and reliable satellite communication services.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a satellite switching method, system, electronic device and storage medium for a LEO satellite network. Background Technology

[0002] Because LEO (Low Earth Orbit Satellite) satellite nodes periodically move at high speeds, not only do ground terminals move relative to satellite nodes, but LEO satellite nodes also move relative to the ground core network. In order to maintain communication continuity, the large amount of signaling generated by the frequent switching and access of ground terminals needs to be hopped and forwarded multiple times in the inter-satellite links of the dynamically changing LEO satellite network, as well as interact with the ground core network. This can easily lead to complex switching processes and excessively high processing delays, which in turn can cause inter-satellite link congestion and a sharp increase in packet loss rate, making it impossible to provide efficient and reliable satellite communication services.

[0003] For the reasons mentioned above, there is a need to provide an efficient LEO satellite node handover management scheme and a stable terminal handover signaling transmission process that can address the mobility of satellite networks. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to propose a satellite handover method, system, electronic equipment and storage medium for LEO satellite networks.

[0005] Based on the above objectives, this application provides a satellite handover method for an LEO satellite network. The LEO satellite network includes a master control satellite node that deploys AMF network element functional components. The master control satellite node includes a source master control satellite node and surrounding adjacent master control satellite nodes.

[0006] The method includes:

[0007] The LEO satellite network is analyzed to determine the number of instances of the AMF network element functional components that are enabled. The corresponding AMF network element functional components are matched with a placement strategy for each master control satellite node, and the AMF network element functional components of each master control satellite node are placed and updated according to the placement strategy of the AMF network element functional components.

[0008] The source master control satellite node determines the link status information of its surrounding neighboring master control satellite nodes;

[0009] The source master control satellite node determines at least one attribute included in the link status information, uses a hierarchical analysis algorithm to determine the weight value of the corresponding attribute of each surrounding neighboring master control satellite node, and determines the target switching master control satellite node from each surrounding neighboring master control satellite node according to the weight value.

[0010] The source master control satellite node sends handover signaling to the ground terminal and the target handover master control satellite node to determine the channel resource allocation of the target handover master control satellite node, and transfers and releases the context data of the ground terminal at the source master control satellite node to the target handover master control satellite node, thus completing the handover process.

[0011] Based on the same inventive concept, this disclosure also provides a satellite switching system for an LEO satellite network, the LEO satellite network including a master control satellite node that deploys AMF network element functional components, the master control satellite node including: a source master control satellite node and surrounding adjacent master control satellite nodes;

[0012] The system includes:

[0013] The AMF network element functional component placement module is configured to analyze the LEO satellite network, determine the number of instances corresponding to the AMF network element functional component to be enabled, match the corresponding AMF network element functional component placement strategy for each master control satellite node, and place and update the AMF network element functional components of each master control satellite node according to the AMF network element functional component placement strategy.

[0014] The link status information determination module is configured to determine the link status information of the surrounding neighboring master satellite nodes of the source master satellite node through the source master satellite node;

[0015] The target switching master satellite determination module is configured to use the source master satellite node to determine at least one attribute included in the link status information, use the hierarchical analysis algorithm to determine the weight value of the corresponding attribute of each surrounding neighboring master satellite node, and determine the target switching master satellite node from each surrounding neighboring master satellite node according to the weight value.

[0016] The handover execution module is configured to send handover signaling to the ground terminal and the target handover master satellite node using the source master satellite node, determine the channel resource allocation of the target handover master satellite node, and transfer and release the context data of the ground terminal at the source master satellite node to the target handover master satellite node, thereby completing the handover process.

[0017] Based on the same inventive concept, this disclosure also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable by the processor, wherein the processor implements the method described above when executing the computer program.

[0018] Based on the same inventive concept, this disclosure also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the method described above.

[0019] As can be seen from the above, the satellite handover method, system, electronic equipment, and storage medium for LEO satellite networks provided in this application configure corresponding placement strategies for the AMF network element functional components of each master control satellite node. This allows for the placement and updating of the AMF network element functional components of each master control satellite node according to the placement strategy, thereby improving the working efficiency of each master control satellite node. Then, based on the link state information of the surrounding neighboring master control satellite nodes of the source master control satellite node, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) algorithm is used to configure accurate weight values ​​for each attribute. Based on these weight values, the target master control satellite node for handover is determined from among the surrounding neighboring master control satellite nodes. This allows the transfer and release of the ground terminal's context data from the source master control satellite node to the target master control satellite node for handover, solving the handover management problem of ground terminals in dynamic LEO satellite networks and achieving efficient and reliable satellite communication services. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this application or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1A This is a flowchart illustrating the satellite handover method of a LEO satellite network according to an embodiment of this application.

[0022] Figure 1B This is a schematic diagram showing the placement of AMF network element functional components in an embodiment of the LEO satellite network of this application;

[0023] Figure 1C This is a schematic diagram illustrating the training process of the MADDPG algorithm in an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 1D This is a schematic diagram of the signaling transfer process in an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the satellite handover system of the LEO satellite network according to an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the electronic device structure according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0028] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the embodiments of this application should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in the embodiments of this application do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are only used to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0029] As described in the background section, LEO satellites move at high speeds relative to ground terminals. Frequent terminal switching results in high switching latency and complex processes in LEO satellite networks with changing topologies, which in turn leads to increased inter-satellite link congestion and packet loss rate.

[0030] Definitions:

[0031] AMF, or Access and Mobility Management Function, is responsible for registration, connectivity, accessibility, mobility, as well as security and access management and service authorization. It is a core unit of 5G networks.

[0032] In the process of implementing this application, the applicant discovered that the main problem with the handover of ground terminals under LEO satellites is that in the LEO satellite network with topology changes, the dynamic LEO satellite nodes cause the handover process of ground terminals when selecting access satellites to be complex and the handover latency to be too high. Furthermore, the applicant also discovered that the AMF network element functional components that manage the handover process of ground terminals can be deployed on the LEO satellite network side to simplify the handover process of ground terminals.

[0033] It is understood that the method of this embodiment can be executed by any device, equipment, platform, or device cluster with computing and processing capabilities deployed to LEO satellite nodes.

[0034] The embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] This embodiment discloses a satellite handover method for LEO satellite networks, such as... Figure 1B As shown, the LEO satellite network includes master control satellite nodes that deploy AMF network element functional components. The master control satellite nodes include a source master control satellite node and surrounding adjacent master control satellite nodes. The master control satellite nodes are responsible for receiving and processing handover requests from ground terminals.

[0036] like Figure 1A As shown, the steps of the method include:

[0037] Step 101: Analyze the LEO satellite network, determine the number of instances to be enabled for the AMF network element functional components, match the placement strategy of the corresponding AMF network element functional components for each master control satellite node, and place and update the AMF network element functional components of each master control satellite node according to the placement strategy of the AMF network element functional components.

[0038] In practice, the master control satellite node and other satellite nodes in the LEO satellite network, excluding the master control satellite node, collaboratively handle handover requests from ground terminals. The master control satellite node is primarily responsible for handling handover requests forwarded from ground terminals or other satellite nodes. Other satellite nodes are responsible for handling handover requests forwarded from ground terminals or other additional satellite nodes.

[0039] The handover request from the ground terminal is transmitted to the currently serving satellite node in the LEO satellite network via the NR-Uu interface. The serving satellite node then transmits the request to the master control satellite node via the NG interface for processing. If the currently serving satellite is the master control satellite node, it can directly process the handover request of the ground terminal without having to search for other master control satellite nodes.

[0040] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the deployment and number of AMF network element functional components in the LEO satellite network will affect the satellite network's ability to process handover requests from ground terminals. In order to take into account the handover management of other surrounding satellite nodes, the AMF network element functional components are evenly deployed in the LEO satellite network. When requesting relevant signaling for routing addressing, the master control satellite node is found through a static routing table.

[0041] In some embodiments, step 101 can be performed using the MADDPG (Multi-agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient) reinforcement learning algorithm, such as... Figure 1C The diagram shown is a training process diagram of MADDPG.

[0042] The specific execution steps of step 101 include:

[0043] Step 1011: Calculate the average processing time τ for handover requests of AMF network element functional components for multiple AMF instances enabled in the LEO satellite network using a queuing model. w (λ).

[0044] τ w (λ)=τ q (λ)+τs Where, τ q (λ) represents the average queuing delay for handover requests from ground terminals, τ s Average service time for processing switchover requests for AMF instances.

[0045] Step 1012: Use the Markov decision algorithm to determine the utility function, state, action, and reward of each AMF network element functional component.

[0046] The Markov Decision Process (MDP), also known as the Markov Decision Algorithm, is a mathematical model of sequential decision-making. It is used to simulate stochastic policies and rewards achievable by an agent in environments where the system state exhibits Markov properties. This allows the Markov Decision Process to determine the utility functions, states, actions, and rewards required for the placement of each AMF (Advanced Decision Function) network element.

[0047] In some embodiments, step 1012 includes:

[0048] Step 10121: Determine the average latency (Delay) and instance cost (Cost) of each AMF network element functional component. AMF And determine the maximum value D in the average waiting time Delay. max and the instance cost of AMF network element functional components. AMF The maximum value C max Calculate the utility function:

[0049] Where NU is the utility value of the AMF network element functional component, w1 represents the weighting coefficient of the average latency delay, and w2 represents the instance cost of the AMF network element functional component. AMF The weighting coefficients.

[0050] Step 10122: Determine the handover management request arrival rate λ of all master control satellite nodes in the LEO satellite network at the current time k. B (k), and the placement data P(k) of the AMF network element functional components of all master control satellite nodes, to determine the state s(k) = [λ B (k), P(k)].

[0051] Step 10123: Determine the startup status a of the AMF network element functional components corresponding to each master control satellite node j at the current time k. j (k), determine the actions of each AMF network element functional component a(k) = (a j (k)).

[0052] Among them, a j (k)∈{0,1}, a value of 1 indicates that the master satellite node j has the AMF component enabled, and a value of 0 indicates that the master satellite node j has not enabled. The total action space size is... For ease of calculation, we only consider the action of controlling one agent at a time, that is, turning on or off one AMF network element functional component.

[0053] Step 10124, determine the reward r(k) after performing the corresponding action at the current time k:

[0054] in, Let λ be the handover management request arrival rate of the m-th AMF network element functional component, c be the maximum number of instances of the AMF network element functional component that can be opened, and λ be the value of λ. max Penalty selects the maximum network utility value when the handover management request arrival rate of each AMF network element functional component is at its maximum.

[0055] Through the above scheme, the Markov decision algorithm can be used to model reinforcement learning problems in machine learning. Therefore, the data obtained can be used for subsequent network modeling, so that the network model can better place and update the functional components of the AMF network element.

[0056] Step 1013: Construct a network model using a reinforcement learning algorithm. Use the utility function, state, action, and network utility value of each AMF network element functional component as input to the network model. Analyze and process the network model to determine the placement strategy of the AMF network element functional components.

[0057] Each master control satellite node corresponds to an agent, and the constructed network model is an Actor-Critic network model. All agents' network models adopt the same network structure, including the Actor network and the Critic network. During training, the network utility function (Q value) output by the Actor network and the observed states and actions of other agents (i.e., the data obtained in step 1012 above) are used as inputs to the Critic network, which outputs the placement strategy (Q value) of the AMF network element functional components for the current network environment state. The loss function is calculated based on the two Q values, and then the policy gradient is updated based on the loss function.

[0058] The handover request arrival rate of each LEO satellite node and the number of AMFs deployed on LEO satellites constitute the overall network environment state. If each master control satellite is regarded as an agent, then the agent's action is the number of AMFs instantiated and activated, and the agent's observation information is the handover request arrival rate on the current satellite side and the AMF deployment status at the previous moment.

[0059] The placement strategy of AMF mainly involves the number of AMF instances placed on the side of low-Earth orbit satellites.

[0060] Step 1014: Update the AMF network element functional components of each master control satellite node according to the placement strategy of the AMF network element functional components.

[0061] The policy gradient update of the Critic network is as follows: Among them o i For the observations (i.e., states and actions) of the i-th agent, x = [o1, o2, ..., o...]. n ] represents the vector corresponding to the state. Let represent the state-action function of the i-th agent. Since each agent learns independently, they can have different state-value functions; π i The random policy chosen for the i-th agent.

[0062] Step 102: The source master control satellite node determines the link status information of its surrounding neighboring master control satellite nodes.

[0063] In some embodiments, step 102 includes:

[0064] Determine the strength and quality of the received signals from the source master control satellite node to the ground terminal, the inter-satellite link signal-to-noise ratio, the remaining service time, and the load of the neighboring master control satellite nodes.

[0065] Among them, the signal strength quality attribute directly reflects the signal strength of the ground terminal when receiving LEO satellite services. When the signal strength is lower than the threshold set by the ground terminal, the satellite communication service will be interrupted and the connection between the ground terminal and the satellite node will be broken.

[0066] The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of inter-satellite links is a crucial indicator of their reliability. According to Shannon's theorem, SNR reflects the maximum information transmission rate that an inter-satellite link can handle without errors. When the SNR in an inter-satellite link falls below a certain threshold, data loss or errors may occur during transmission, affecting communication effectiveness and potentially leading to network outages.

[0067] The remaining service time attribute can provide decision-making for switching the master satellite node of the target. By calculating the on / off pattern of the satellite link, the remaining service time of the inter-satellite link can be determined, and the impact of the periodic movement of the satellite node on the remaining link time can be dynamically described.

[0068] Load capacity, an attribute reflected by the number of available channels for each satellite node, is used to measure the capacity of the satellite base station for ground terminal access. If a satellite node has too few idle channels, the ground terminal will not select that satellite node for access during the handover decision, and the original services of that satellite node can be processed normally without affecting the requests of other terminals due to the access of a new terminal.

[0069] In the embodiments of this application, the optimal target switching master satellite node is selected when the ground terminal performs inter-satellite handover, taking into account four handover decision attributes: the strength and quality of the received signal, the signal-to-noise ratio of the inter-satellite link, the remaining service time, and the load.

[0070] Step 103: The source master control satellite node determines at least one attribute included in the link status information, uses the hierarchical analysis algorithm to determine the weight value of the corresponding attribute of each surrounding neighboring master control satellite node, and determines the target switching master control satellite node from each surrounding neighboring master control satellite node according to the weight value.

[0071] In some embodiments, step 103 includes:

[0072] Step 1031: Establish a hierarchical structure model including a target layer, a criterion layer, and a scheme layer based on the link status information. The scheme layer is a set of surrounding adjacent master control satellite nodes. The criterion layer consists of the attributes corresponding to the link status information (the above four attributes: received signal strength and quality, inter-satellite link signal-to-noise ratio, remaining service time, and load). The target layer is the determined optimal handover master control satellite node.

[0073] Step 1032: Using at least one attribute included in the link status information, determine the weight value corresponding to each attribute, compare the weight values ​​corresponding to each attribute in the hierarchical structure model pairwise, and construct an ambiguity judgment matrix.

[0074] The weights of the received signal strength quality (RSRQ), inter-satellite link signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), remaining service time (TimeRemaining), and load (IdleChannels) are represented by R, S, T, and C, respectively. Based on the pairwise comparison of the weights of each attribute, an ambiguity judgment matrix X can be constructed as shown in the following formula. Each value in the matrix represents the relative importance of two attributes. The larger the value, the greater the influence of that attribute on the selection of the optimal handover access satellite.

[0075]

[0076] Step 1033: Determine the maximum feature quantity T based on the constructed fuzziness matrix. max The consistency index (CI) is determined using the largest feature. Where n is the order of the ambiguity matrix.

[0077] Step 1034, calculate the verification index CR: Where RI is the test standard value.

[0078] Step 1034: In response to determining that the ambiguity matrix does not meet the consistency requirements when the verification index CR is greater than or equal to a set threshold (e.g., 0.1, 0.11, 0.12, or 0.13), the hierarchical model is readjusted and the ambiguity matrix is ​​reconstructed and the verification index CR is recalculated until the verification index CR is less than the set threshold; or, in response to determining that the ambiguity matrix meets the consistency requirements when the verification index CR is less than the set threshold, the optimal switching master control satellite node corresponding to the target layer is taken as the target switching master control satellite node.

[0079] Through the above scheme, and after repeated adjustments and verifications of the ambiguity judgment matrix, the efficiency of the final target switching master satellite node is improved and the match is more accurate.

[0080] In some embodiments, after step 1032, the method further includes:

[0081] The weight values ​​corresponding to each attribute in the ambiguity judgment matrix are normalized to obtain a weight-normalized ambiguity judgment matrix, which is then used to determine the maximum feature quantity T. max .

[0082] The specific normalization formula is as follows: in, w is the value in the i-th row and j-th column of the ambiguity matrix. i Let NW be the weight value of the i-th attribute. i This represents the final weight value after normalization.

[0083] By normalizing the weight values ​​of each attribute using the above method, we can ensure the uniformity of each attribute across different magnitudes.

[0084] The switching cost is calculated by combining the obtained attribute weight values ​​with the objective function, and the optimal target switching master satellite node is determined.

[0085]

[0086] fbest =min{f1, f2, ..., f n}

[0087] Among them, f i RSRQ is the cost function value for candidate satellite i. i For candidate satellite i, the received signal strength quality, SNR i For candidate satellite i, the inter-satellite link signal-to-noise ratio, Time i For candidate satellite i, the remaining service time of the link, Channels i f represents the load of candidate satellite i (i.e., the number of idle satellite channels); best The optimal value for switching satellites.

[0088] Step 104: The source master control satellite node sends a handover signaling message to the ground terminal and the target handover master control satellite node to determine the channel resource allocation of the target handover master control satellite node, and transfers and releases the context data of the ground terminal at the source master control satellite node to the target handover master control satellite node to complete the handover process.

[0089] In specific implementation, such as Figure 1D As shown, the satellite-borne base station periodically reports inter-satellite link status information (four attributes: received signal strength and quality, inter-satellite link signal-to-noise ratio, remaining service time, and load) to the source master satellite node. It also includes a set of neighboring master satellite nodes visible to the satellite-borne base station. If the inter-satellite handover triggering conditions are met, the source master satellite node selects a target handover master satellite node based on the inter-satellite link status information and an adaptive multi-attribute handover decision algorithm to implement the subsequent handover process.

[0090] In some embodiments, step 104 includes:

[0091] Step 1041: The source master control satellite node sends a first handover signaling to the target handover master control satellite node to notify the target handover master control satellite node to prepare for access, so that the target handover master control satellite node can allocate wireless channel resources for the ground terminal, establish a data forwarding channel with the source master control satellite node, and send a handover signaling response message to the source master control satellite.

[0092] Step 1042: After receiving the handover signaling response message, the source master control satellite node sends a second handover signaling to the ground terminal (sent via the satellite base station), wherein the second handover signaling includes the identifier of the target handover master control satellite node and the corresponding link configuration information.

[0093] Step 1043: The source master control satellite node transfers link state information to the target switching master control satellite node through the data forwarding channel, and transfers the currently transmitted context data (including PUD session and context data) to the target switching master control satellite node so that the target switching master control satellite node can establish a link with the ground terminal (uplink and downlink between the target switching master control satellite node and the ground terminal). At this time, the ground terminal disconnects from the source master control satellite node, and the target switching master control satellite node generates a handover success message and sends it to the source master control satellite node. At the same time, the target switching master control satellite node updates the network bearer configuration.

[0094] Step 1044: The source master satellite node releases the currently transmitted context data and related radio resources to complete the handover process.

[0095] The method in the embodiments of this application calculates the number of master control satellites and the number of AMF instances activated on the LEO satellite network side based on the MADDPG reinforcement learning algorithm. It comprehensively considers inter-satellite handover decision attributes such as the strength and quality of received signals, the signal-to-noise ratio of inter-satellite links, the remaining service time, and the load to determine the target master control satellite node for handover. This simplifies the handover process of ground terminals in the LEO satellite network and enables efficient handover of ground terminals in the LEO satellite network.

[0096] It should be noted that the method in this embodiment can be executed by a single device, such as a computer or server. The method can also be applied in a distributed scenario, where multiple devices cooperate to complete the task. In such a distributed scenario, one of these devices may execute only one or more steps of the method in this embodiment, and the multiple devices will interact with each other to complete the method described.

[0097] It should be noted that the above description describes some embodiments of this application. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recorded in the claims can be performed in a different order than that shown in the above embodiments and still achieve the desired result. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired result. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0098] Based on the same inventive concept, and corresponding to any of the above embodiments, this application also provides a satellite handover system for an LEO satellite network. The LEO satellite network includes a master satellite node deploying AMF network element functional components. The master satellite node includes a source master satellite node and surrounding adjacent master satellite nodes.

[0099] refer to Figure 2 The system includes:

[0100] The AMF network element functional component placement module 201 is configured to analyze the LEO satellite network, determine the number of instances corresponding to the AMF network element functional component to be enabled, match the corresponding AMF network element functional component placement strategy for each master control satellite node, and place and update the AMF network element functional components of each master control satellite node according to the AMF network element functional component placement strategy.

[0101] The link status information determination module 202 is configured to determine the link status information of the surrounding neighboring master satellite nodes of the source master satellite node through the source master satellite node;

[0102] The target switching master satellite determination module 203 is configured to determine at least one attribute included in the link status information using the source master satellite node, determine the weight value of the corresponding attribute of each surrounding neighboring master satellite node using the hierarchical analysis algorithm, and determine the target switching master satellite node from each surrounding neighboring master satellite node according to the weight value.

[0103] The handover execution module 204 is configured to send handover signaling to the ground terminal and the target handover master satellite node using the source master satellite node, determine the channel resource allocation of the target handover master satellite node, and transfer and release the context data of the ground terminal at the source master satellite node to the target handover master satellite node, thereby completing the handover process.

[0104] In some embodiments, the AMF network element functional component placement module 201 is specifically configured as follows:

[0105] The average processing time for switching requests of AMF network element functional components in multiple AMF instances enabled in the LEO satellite network is calculated using a queuing model.

[0106] The utility function, state, action, and reward of each AMF network element functional component are determined using the Markov decision algorithm.

[0107] A network model is constructed using reinforcement learning algorithms. The utility functions, states, actions, and network utility values ​​of each AMF network element functional component are used as inputs to the network model. The network model is then used for analysis and processing to determine the placement strategy of the AMF network element functional components.

[0108] According to the placement strategy of the AMF network element functional components, the AMF network element functional components of each master control satellite node are updated with a strategy gradient.

[0109] In some embodiments, the AMF network element functional component placement module 201 is further configured to:

[0110] Determine the average latency (Delay) and instance cost (Cost) of each AMF network element functional component. AMF And determine the maximum value D in the average waiting time Delay. max and the instance cost of AMF network element functional components. AMF The maximum value C max Calculate the utility function:

[0111] Where NU is the utility value of the AMF network element functional component, w1 represents the weighting coefficient of the average latency delay, and w2 represents the instance cost of the AMF network element functional component. AMF Weighting coefficients;

[0112] Determine the handover management request arrival rate λ of all master control satellite nodes in the LEO satellite network at time k. B (k), and the placement data P(k) of the AMF network element functional components of all master control satellite nodes, to determine the state s(k) = [λ B [(k), P(k)];

[0113] Determine the startup status (a) of the AMF network element functional components corresponding to each master control satellite node j at time k. j (k), determine the actions of each AMF network element functional component a(k) = (a j (k));

[0114] Determine the reward r(k) after performing the corresponding action at the current time k:

[0115] in, Let λ be the handover management request arrival rate of the m-th AMF network element functional component, c be the maximum number of instances of the AMF network element functional component that can be opened, and λ be the value of λ. max Penalty selects the maximum network utility value when the handover management request arrival rate of each AMF network element functional component is at its maximum.

[0116] In some embodiments, the link state information determination module 202 is specifically configured as follows:

[0117] Determine the strength and quality of the received signals from the source master control satellite node to the ground terminal, the inter-satellite link signal-to-noise ratio, the remaining service time, and the load of the neighboring master control satellite nodes.

[0118] In some embodiments, the target switching master satellite determination module 203 is specifically configured as follows:

[0119] Based on the link status information, a hierarchical model is established, comprising a target layer, a criterion layer, and a scheme layer. The scheme layer is a set of all surrounding adjacent master control satellite nodes, the criterion layer is the attribute corresponding to the link status information, and the target layer is the determined optimal switching master control satellite node.

[0120] Using at least one attribute included in the link state information, determine the weight value corresponding to each attribute, compare the weight values ​​corresponding to each attribute in the hierarchical structure model pairwise, and construct an ambiguity judgment matrix.

[0121] Determine the maximum feature quantity T based on the constructed fuzziness matrix. max The consistency index (CI) is determined using the largest feature. Where n is the order of the ambiguity matrix;

[0122] Calculate the verification index CR: Where RI is the test standard value;

[0123] In response to the determination that the ambiguity matrix does not meet the consistency requirements when the verification index CR is greater than or equal to a set threshold, the hierarchical model is readjusted and the ambiguity matrix is ​​reconstructed and the verification index CR is recalculated until the verification index CR is less than the set threshold; or...

[0124] In response to the determination that the ambiguity matrix meets the consistency requirements when the verification index CR is less than a set threshold, the optimal switching master control satellite node corresponding to the target layer is selected as the target switching master control satellite node.

[0125] In some embodiments, the target switching master satellite determination module 203 is further configured to:

[0126] The weight values ​​corresponding to each attribute in the ambiguity judgment matrix are normalized to obtain a weight-normalized ambiguity judgment matrix, which is then used to determine the maximum feature quantity T. max .

[0127] In some embodiments, the switching execution module 204 is specifically configured as follows:

[0128] The source master control satellite node sends a first handover signaling to the target handover master control satellite node to notify the target handover master control satellite node to prepare for access, so that the target handover master control satellite node can allocate wireless channel resources for the ground terminal, establish a data forwarding channel with the source master control satellite node, and send a handover signaling response message to the source master control satellite.

[0129] After receiving the handover signaling response message, the source master control satellite node sends a second handover signaling message to the ground terminal, wherein the second handover signaling message includes the identifier of the target handover master control satellite node and the corresponding link configuration information;

[0130] The source master control satellite node transfers link state information to the target switching master control satellite node through the data forwarding channel, and transfers the currently transmitted context data to the target switching master control satellite node so that the target switching master control satellite node can establish a link with the ground terminal. At this time, the ground terminal disconnects from the source master control satellite node, and the target switching master control satellite node generates a switching success message and sends it to the source master control satellite node. At the same time, the target switching master control satellite node updates the network bearer configuration.

[0131] The source master satellite node releases the currently transmitted context data and related radio resources to complete the handover process.

[0132] For ease of description, the above devices are described in terms of function, divided into various modules. Of course, in implementing this application, the functions of each module can be implemented in one or more software and / or hardware.

[0133] The apparatus of the above embodiments is used to implement the corresponding method in any of the foregoing embodiments and has the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0134] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to the methods of any of the above embodiments, this application also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the methods described in any of the above embodiments.

[0135] Figure 3 This embodiment illustrates a more specific hardware structure of an electronic device, which may include a processor 1010, a memory 1020, an input / output interface 1030, a communication interface 1040, and a bus 1050. The processor 1010, memory 1020, input / output interface 1030, and communication interface 1040 are interconnected internally via the bus 1050.

[0136] The processor 1010 can be implemented using a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit), microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, and is used to execute relevant programs to implement the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification.

[0137] The memory 1020 can be implemented in the form of ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), static storage device, dynamic storage device, etc. The memory 1020 can store the operating system and other applications. When the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification are implemented by software or firmware, the relevant program code is stored in the memory 1020 and is called and executed by the processor 1010.

[0138] The input / output interface 1030 is used to connect input / output modules to realize information input and output. Input / output modules can be configured as components within the device (not shown in the figure) or externally connected to the device to provide corresponding functions. Input devices may include keyboards, mice, touchscreens, microphones, various sensors, etc., while output devices may include displays, speakers, vibrators, indicator lights, etc.

[0139] The communication interface 1040 is used to connect a communication module (not shown in the figure) to enable communication between this device and other devices. The communication module can communicate via wired means (such as USB, Ethernet cable, etc.) or wireless means (such as mobile network, WIFI, Bluetooth, etc.).

[0140] Bus 1050 includes a pathway for transmitting information between various components of the device, such as processor 1010, memory 1020, input / output interface 1030, and communication interface 1040.

[0141] It should be noted that although the above-described device only shows the processor 1010, memory 1020, input / output interface 1030, communication interface 1040, and bus 1050, in specific implementations, the device may also include other components necessary for normal operation. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described device may only include the components necessary for implementing the embodiments of this specification, and not necessarily all the components shown in the figures.

[0142] The electronic devices described above are used to implement the corresponding methods in any of the foregoing embodiments and have the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0143] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to the methods of any of the above embodiments, this application also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores computer instructions for causing the computer to perform the methods described in any of the above embodiments.

[0144] The computer-readable medium of this embodiment includes permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, and information storage can be implemented by any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transfer medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device.

[0145] The computer instructions stored in the storage medium of the above embodiments are used to cause the computer to perform the methods described in any of the above embodiments, and have the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0146] It is understood that before using the technical solutions of the various embodiments in this disclosure, users will be informed of the type, scope of use, and usage scenarios of the personal information involved in an appropriate manner, and user authorization will be obtained.

[0147] For example, upon receiving a user's active request, a prompt message is sent to the user to explicitly inform them that the requested operation will require the acquisition and use of the user's personal information. This allows the user to independently choose, based on the prompt message, whether to provide personal information to the software or hardware such as electronic devices, applications, servers, or storage media performing the operations of this disclosed technical solution.

[0148] As an optional but not limited implementation, in response to a user's active request, sending a prompt message to the user can be done via a pop-up window, where the prompt message can be presented in text format. Furthermore, the pop-up window can also include a selection control allowing the user to choose "agree" or "disagree" to provide personal information to the electronic device.

[0149] It is understood that the above notification and user authorization process are merely illustrative and do not constitute a limitation on the implementation of this disclosure. Other methods that comply with relevant laws and regulations may also be applied to the implementation of this disclosure.

[0150] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of this application (including the claims) is limited to these examples; within the framework of this application, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of the embodiments of this application as described above, which are not provided in the details for the sake of brevity.

[0151] Additionally, to simplify the description and discussion, and to avoid obscuring the embodiments of this application, the well-known power / ground connections to integrated circuit (IC) chips and other components may or may not be shown in the provided drawings. Furthermore, the apparatus may be shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the embodiments of this application, and this also takes into account the fact that the details of the implementation of these block diagram apparatuses are highly dependent on the platform on which the embodiments of this application will be implemented (i.e., these details should be fully understood by those skilled in the art). While specific details (e.g., circuits) have been set forth to describe exemplary embodiments of this application, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments of this application can be implemented without these specific details or with variations thereof. Therefore, these descriptions should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive.

[0152] Although this application has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, many substitutions, modifications, and variations of these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. For example, other memory architectures (e.g., dynamic RAM (DRAM)) may be used with the embodiments discussed.

[0153] The embodiments of this application are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A satellite handover method for a LEO satellite network, characterized in that, The LEO satellite network includes master satellite nodes that deploy AMF network element functional components. The master satellite nodes include: the source master satellite node and surrounding adjacent master satellite nodes. The method includes: The LEO satellite network is analyzed to determine the number of instances of the AMF network element functional components that are enabled. The corresponding AMF network element functional components are matched with a placement strategy for each master control satellite node, and the AMF network element functional components of each master control satellite node are placed and updated according to the placement strategy of the AMF network element functional components. The source master control satellite node determines the link status information of its surrounding neighboring master control satellite nodes; The source master control satellite node determines at least one attribute included in the link status information, uses a hierarchical analysis algorithm to determine the weight value of the corresponding attribute of each surrounding neighboring master control satellite node, and determines the target switching master control satellite node from each surrounding neighboring master control satellite node according to the weight value. The source master control satellite node sends handover signaling to the ground terminal and the target handover master control satellite node to determine the channel resource allocation of the target handover master control satellite node, and transfers and releases the context data of the ground terminal at the source master control satellite node to the target handover master control satellite node, thus completing the handover process.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process involves analyzing the LEO satellite network to determine the number of master control satellite nodes and the number of instances of AMF network element functional components that are enabled. A placement strategy for the corresponding AMF network element functional components is then matched to each master control satellite node. The placement and updates of the AMF network element functional components for each master control satellite node are performed according to this strategy. This includes: The average processing time for switching requests of AMF network element functional components in multiple AMF instances enabled in the LEO satellite network is calculated using a queuing model. The utility function, state, action, and reward of each AMF network element functional component are determined using the Markov decision algorithm. A network model is constructed using reinforcement learning algorithms. The utility functions, states, actions, and network utility values ​​of each AMF network element functional component are used as inputs to the network model. The network model is then used for analysis and processing to determine the placement strategy of the AMF network element functional components. According to the placement strategy of the AMF network element functional components, the AMF network element functional components of each master control satellite node are updated with a strategy gradient.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process of using Markov decision algorithms to determine the utility functions, states, actions, and rewards of each AMF network element functional component includes: Determine the average latency (Delay) and instance cost of each AMF network element functional component. And determine the maximum value in the average waiting time Delay. and the instance cost of AMF network element functional components maximum value Calculate the utility function: Wherein, NU is the utility value of the AMF network element functional component. The weighting coefficient represents the average waiting time (Delay). Indicates the instance cost of AMF network element functional components. Weighting coefficients; Determine the handover management request arrival rate of all master control satellite nodes in the LEO satellite network at time k. And the placement data of AMF network element functional components of all master control satellite nodes. Determine the status of each AMF network element functional component. ; Determine the startup status of the AMF network element functional components corresponding to each master control satellite node j at time k. Determine the actions of each AMF network element functional component. ; Determine the reward for performing the corresponding action at the current time k. : ,in, Let c be the handover management request arrival rate of the m-th AMF network element functional component, where c is the maximum number of instances of the AMF network element functional component that can be started. The maximum arrival rate of handover management requests for each AMF network element functional component. The maximum network utility value is selected when the handover request arrival rate of the AMF network element functional component in the LEO satellite network reaches its maximum value.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The link status information of the surrounding neighboring master satellite nodes of the source master satellite node includes: Determine the strength and quality of the received signals from the source master control satellite node to the ground terminal, the inter-satellite link signal-to-noise ratio, the remaining service time, and the load of the neighboring master control satellite nodes.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of determining at least one attribute included in the link state information, using a hierarchical analysis algorithm to determine the weight value of the corresponding attribute for each surrounding neighboring master control satellite node, and determining the target switching master control satellite node from each surrounding neighboring master control satellite node based on the weight value includes: Based on the link status information, a hierarchical model is established, comprising a target layer, a criterion layer, and a scheme layer. The scheme layer is a set of all surrounding adjacent master control satellite nodes, the criterion layer is the attribute corresponding to the link status information, and the target layer is the determined optimal switching master control satellite node. Using at least one attribute included in the link state information, determine the weight value corresponding to each attribute, compare the weight values ​​corresponding to each attribute in the hierarchical structure model pairwise, and construct an ambiguity judgment matrix. Determine the maximum feature quantity based on the constructed fuzziness matrix. The consistency index (CI) is determined using the largest feature. Where n is the order of the ambiguity matrix; Calculate the verification index CR: Where RI is the test standard value; In response to the determination that the ambiguity matrix does not meet the consistency requirements when the verification index CR is greater than or equal to a set threshold, the hierarchical model is readjusted and the ambiguity matrix is ​​reconstructed and the verification index CR is recalculated until the verification index CR is less than the set threshold; or... In response to the determination that the ambiguity matrix meets the consistency requirements when the verification index CR is less than a set threshold, the optimal switching master control satellite node corresponding to the target layer is selected as the target switching master control satellite node.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, After constructing the ambiguity judgment matrix by comparing the weight values ​​corresponding to each attribute in the hierarchical structure model pairwise, the method further includes: The weight values ​​corresponding to each attribute in the ambiguity judgment matrix are normalized to obtain a weight-normalized ambiguity judgment matrix, which is then used to determine the maximum feature quantity. .

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of sending handover signaling from the source master control satellite node to the ground terminal and the target handover master control satellite node, determining the channel resource allocation of the target handover master control satellite node, and transferring and releasing the context data of the ground terminal at the source master control satellite node to the target handover master control satellite node to complete the handover process includes: The source master control satellite node sends a first handover signaling to the target handover master control satellite node to notify the target handover master control satellite node to prepare for access, so that the target handover master control satellite node can allocate wireless channel resources for the ground terminal, establish a data forwarding channel with the source master control satellite node, and send a handover signaling response message to the source master control satellite. After receiving the handover signaling response message, the source master control satellite node sends a second handover signaling message to the ground terminal, wherein the second handover signaling message includes the identifier of the target handover master control satellite node and the corresponding link configuration information; The source master control satellite node transfers link state information to the target switching master control satellite node through the data forwarding channel, and transfers the currently transmitted context data to the target switching master control satellite node so that the target switching master control satellite node can establish a link with the ground terminal. At this time, the ground terminal disconnects from the source master control satellite node, and the target switching master control satellite node generates a switching success message and sends it to the source master control satellite node. At the same time, the target switching master control satellite node updates the network bearer configuration. The source master satellite node releases the currently transmitted context data and related radio resources to complete the handover process.

8. A satellite handover system for a LEO satellite network, characterized in that, The LEO satellite network includes master satellite nodes that deploy AMF network element functional components. The master satellite nodes include: the source master satellite node and surrounding adjacent master satellite nodes. The system includes: The AMF network element functional component placement module is configured to analyze the LEO satellite network, determine the number of instances corresponding to the AMF network element functional component to be enabled, match the corresponding AMF network element functional component placement strategy for each master control satellite node, and place and update the AMF network element functional components of each master control satellite node according to the AMF network element functional component placement strategy. The link status information determination module is configured to determine the link status information of the surrounding neighboring master satellite nodes of the source master satellite node through the source master satellite node; The target switching master satellite determination module is configured to use the source master satellite node to determine at least one attribute included in the link status information, use the hierarchical analysis algorithm to determine the weight value of the corresponding attribute of each surrounding neighboring master satellite node, and determine the target switching master satellite node from each surrounding neighboring master satellite node according to the weight value. The handover execution module is configured to send handover signaling to the ground terminal and the target handover master satellite node using the source master satellite node, determine the channel resource allocation of the target handover master satellite node, and transfer and release the context data of the ground terminal at the source master satellite node to the target handover master satellite node, thereby completing the handover process.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, characterized in that, The computer instructions are used to cause the computer to perform the method described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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