An adaptive track tensioner

Abstract

The application discloses a self-adaptive track tensioning device, which comprises a track tensioning cylinder and a sensor, wherein the track tensioning cylinder comprises a cylinder barrel, a floating piston, a top rod, an end cover, a gas chamber sleeve and an inflation valve; one end of the cylinder barrel is fixedly connected with the gas chamber sleeve, and the end of the cylinder barrel is provided with the floating piston; a closed gas chamber is formed between the floating piston and the gas chamber sleeve; the outer end surface of the gas chamber sleeve is provided with the inflation valve for being communicated with the gas chamber; the other end of the cylinder barrel is fixedly connected with the top rod, and the top rod is encapsulated by the end cover; an oil chamber is formed between the top rod and the floating piston; a limiting step is arranged in the middle of the cylinder barrel and matched with the end surfaces of the floating piston and the top rod, so that the axial limiting of the floating piston and the top rod is realized; a threaded hole is arranged on the radial outer circular surface of the limiting step and connected with a hydraulic adjusting system; and the sensor is used for monitoring the working pressure and / or temperature and / or working stroke of the track tensioning cylinder. The self-adaptive track tensioning device can realize the monitoring and automatic compensation of the state of the track tensioning cylinder.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tracked walking mechanism technology, and specifically to an adaptive track tensioning device. Background Technology

[0002] Track tensioning devices are crucial components of tracked walking mechanisms, widely used in military, construction, mining, industrial, and agricultural fields. They maintain the track chain within a specific tension range, preventing track derailment and extending track life. Track tensioning devices are divided into two types: mechanical and hydraulic. Mechanical methods mostly use screws or jacks for adjustment and are primarily used in small-tonnage products. As product tonnage increases, mechanical methods are no longer sufficient to meet tension requirements and are gradually being replaced by hydraulic cylinder adjustment methods.

[0003] Track tensioning cylinders and idlers (guide rollers) are typically a single component. Their operating conditions depend on their position on the vehicle. When positioned at the front, the upper track experiences less load due to its slack. However, when overcoming obstacles, the upper track is tightened, and the load increases rapidly within a short stroke. In excavators, track tensioning typically employs a helical spring coupled with a hydraulic / grease cylinder. Pressurized oil or grease fills the cylinder to support the track to the required tension, while the helical spring acts as an elastic buffer, providing sufficient back pressure for track tensioning. As excavators become larger, track tension values ​​are constantly increasing. However, the wire diameter of helical springs is limited by manufacturing processes, reaching a maximum of 90mm. This requires significant space, increases weight, and makes them prone to plastic deformation, failing to meet practical application requirements.

[0004] In addition, in the existing technology, when the track tensioning cylinder is short of oil or air, it is usually necessary to manually connect an oiler to add oil to increase the track tension. This is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and it is impossible to monitor the working status of the system in a timely manner. Usually, when the problem is discovered, the critical components have already been damaged. Especially when used in large quantities, relying on manual inspection and maintenance is even more impractical. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides an adaptive track tensioning device that can monitor and automatically compensate for the state of the tensioning cylinder.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0007] An adaptive track tensioning device includes a track tensioning cylinder and a sensor, wherein the track tensioning cylinder includes a cylinder barrel, a floating piston, a push rod, an end cap, an air chamber sleeve, and an air inflation valve;

[0008] One end of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the air chamber sleeve, and a floating piston is provided inside the cylinder at this end, forming a closed air chamber between the floating piston and the air chamber sleeve; an air filling valve is provided on the outer end face of the air chamber sleeve for communicating with the air chamber; the other end of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the push rod, which is sealed by an end cap, forming an oil chamber between the push rod and the floating piston; a limiting step is provided in the middle of the cylinder, which cooperates with the end faces of the floating piston and the push rod to achieve axial limiting of the floating piston and the push rod; a threaded hole is machined on the radial outer surface of the limiting step for connecting the hydraulic adjustment system; the working stroke of the track tensioning cylinder is greater than the track pitch, and the maximum compressive tension force is not greater than twice the maximum allowable tensile force of the track; the sensor is used to monitor the working pressure and / or temperature and / or working stroke of the track tensioning cylinder.

[0009] Beneficial effects:

[0010] 1. Existing track tensioning technologies typically employ a helical spring coupled with a hydraulic / grease cylinder. This structure fails to effectively monitor the working status of the tensioning device. Abnormalities such as track loosening are often accompanied by damage to critical components, requiring significant manpower, resources, and time for repairs, thus compromising the long-term reliability of the equipment. To address this issue, the adaptive track tensioning device proposed in this invention, by adding sensors to monitor key parameters (pressure, temperature, displacement) in real time, provides data support for track tension management. Furthermore, an additional hydraulic adjustment system enables monitoring and automatic compensation of the tensioning cylinder's status, effectively mitigating potential malfunctions and becoming crucial for improving product operational stability.

[0011] Secondly, the track tensioning cylinder used in this invention features typical nonlinear variable stiffness and gradual increase. One end of the cylinder barrel is fixed to the idler wheel support, and the other end is connected to the undercarriage. When the idler wheel is impacted, the gas spring absorbs part of the impact energy, and the buffering effect reduces the vehicle's acceleration. The extension and retraction of the cylinder barrel changes the position of the idler wheel, compensating for the tensioning effect of the front track in a timely manner. The structure is simple, easy to repair, maintain, and service, and the adjustment and buffering effect are reliable. When the track pins and track shoe lugs wear, the track tension is adjusted by injecting grease or hydraulic oil through the grease fitting and releasing grease or hydraulic oil through the drain plug. The adjustment amount is generally equal to the pitch of one track shoe (single-pin type) or the pitch between the track shoe and the connecting sleeve (double-pin type).

[0012] 2. The maximum compressive tension of the track tensioning cylinder should not be too large, so as not to cause excessive stress on the track, guide wheel and other walking system parts, which would prevent them from playing a buffering role. Therefore, the maximum compressive tension is set to no more than twice the maximum allowable tension of the track.

[0013] 3. Through stress analysis, the structure of this invention is optimized. The floating piston adopts a convex structure. When the tension cylinder is compressed by the track tension force, the gas compression pressure in the air chamber increases. The protruding part of the floating piston enters the groove of the air chamber sleeve, which increases the effective length of the air column in the air chamber. When the floating piston goes deep into the bottom of the groove of the air chamber sleeve, its rigidity increases sharply, which plays a role in limiting the extreme position and preventing rigid collision between the end face of the floating piston and the end face of the air chamber sleeve.

[0014] 4. The radial gap between the floating piston boss and the groove of the gas chamber sleeve in this invention is set to 0.1mm to 0.5mm. Through extensive testing, it has been verified that within this range, the high-pressure airflow can be effectively throttled, and the shock wave effect in the microscopic gas molecules can be effectively avoided. This prevents the floating piston from rigidly colliding with the gas chamber sleeve, while improving the operating environment of the seal and increasing its reliability.

[0015] 5. Based on the type of sensor installed, the present invention adopts corresponding judgment conditions and health status to achieve health management of track tension, which can effectively avoid potential fault hazards, improve the reliability of the device, and better meet the usage requirements of the equipment.

[0016] 6. When the pressure sensor and displacement sensor are installed simultaneously, the present invention can monitor the internal pressure of the track tensioning cylinder and the position of the push rod, making the health management judgment and tension control of track tension more accurate. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of an adaptive track tensioning device;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a main sectional view of the track tensioning cylinder;

[0019] Figure 3 Top view of the track tensioning cylinder;

[0020] Figure 4 Left view of the track tensioning cylinder;

[0021] Figure 5 Right view of the track tensioning cylinder;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a front sectional view of the floating piston assembly;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a main sectional view of the air chamber sleeve assembly;

[0024] Figure 8 Right view of the air chamber sleeve assembly;

[0025] Figure 9 This is a main sectional view of the push rod assembly;

[0026] Figure 10 This is a front sectional view of the cylinder assembly;

[0027] Figure 11 Main sectional view of the protective cover assembly;

[0028] Figure 12 Right view of the protective cover assembly;

[0029] Among them, 1-cylinder, 2-floating piston, 3-top rod, 4-end cover, 5-air chamber sleeve, 6-inflation valve, 7-connecting hydraulic adjustment system, 8-first guide belt, 9-first air seal, 10-second oil seal I, 11-second guide belt, 12-first oil seal, 13-second oil seal II, 14-dust ring, 15-axial static seal I, 16-axial static seal II, 17-pressure relief valve, 18-first static seal, 19-second static seal, 20-protective ring, 21-protective cover, 31-air chamber, 32-oil chamber, 33-limiting step, 35-annular open groove I, 36-annular open groove II, 37-closed end boss, 38-air chamber sleeve groove, 39-cylinder outer six sides, 41-square slot. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0031] This invention provides an adaptive track tensioning device, which has broad application prospects in the field of engineering machinery and can be applied to the track adjustment devices of excavators, cranes, rotary drilling rigs, etc. Figure 1 As shown, the adaptive track tensioning device includes a track tensioning cylinder and a sensor. The left end of the tensioning cylinder is fixedly connected to the guide wheel in the track travel device via a support. The right end is directly mounted on the end of the travel frame via a raised semi-circular platform. The tensioning cylinder provides elastic support, and as the track tensions and relaxes, the tensioning cylinder performs corresponding compression and extension reciprocating movements. Furthermore, different operating environments require different track tension settings. When traveling on hard surfaces, the track should be adjusted to be tighter, while when traveling in desert areas, the track should be adjusted to be looser. Additionally, as the track pins and pin lugs wear, grease or hydraulic oil needs to be added through the one-way oil injection port of the tensioning cylinder to adjust the track tension.

[0032] like Figure 2 , 3 As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the track tensioning cylinder in this embodiment includes a cylinder barrel 1, a floating piston 2, a push rod 3, an end cover 4, an air chamber sleeve 5, and an air inlet valve 6.

[0033] The left end of cylinder 1 is fixed to the air chamber sleeve 5 by threads, bolts, or welding. A floating piston 2 is installed inside this end of cylinder 1. The floating piston 2 has a U-shaped structure, is hollow inside, and its open end faces the oil chamber 32. A closed air chamber 31 is formed between the floating piston 2 and the air chamber sleeve 5, replacing a traditional elastic element. The right end of cylinder 1 is fixed to the push rod 3. The outer end of the push rod 3 is fixed to the end cover 4 by welding or threads. A connecting boss is machined at the center of the end cover 4. An oil chamber 32 is formed between the push rod 3 and the floating piston 2. Oil and gas media are isolated by the floating piston 2. The floating piston 2 reciprocates in the air chamber 31 of cylinder 1, and the push rod 3 reciprocates in the oil chamber 32 of cylinder 1. Six external facets 39 are machined on the outer surface of cylinder 1 for circumferential positioning of cylinder 1 when assembling and disassembling the air chamber sleeve 5. Figure 9 As shown, the inner end of the top rod 3 has an annular open groove II36 on its outer circumferential surface, which is a guide angle used to guide the assembly of the sealing component.

[0034] A limiting step 33 is provided in the middle of the cylinder 1, which mates with the end faces of the floating piston 2 and the push rod 3 to achieve axial limiting of the floating piston 2 and the push rod 3. A threaded hole (for oil filling) is machined on the radial outer surface of the limiting step 33 and is connected to the hydraulic adjustment system 7 to fill and drain oil in the oil chamber 32.

[0035] A threaded hole is machined on the left end boss surface of the air chamber sleeve 5. After the air filling valve 6 is installed, it communicates with the air chamber 31. Pure compressed nitrogen is filled into this cavity as an elastic medium. A groove is machined on the right side of the air chamber sleeve 5, which cooperates with the closed end boss 37 of the floating piston 2. When the push rod 3 is compressed, the nitrogen in the air chamber 31 is compressed, the gas volume decreases, and thus an elastic force is generated. The larger the compression stroke, the greater the elastic force in the left cavity of the cylinder 1. When subjected to a large external impact load, the closed end boss 37 of the floating piston 2 enters the air chamber sleeve groove 38, squeezing the high-pressure gas in the air chamber sleeve groove 38, significantly improving the dynamic potential energy at the end of the stroke. At the same time, the radial gap between the closed end boss 37 of the floating piston 2 and the air chamber sleeve groove 38 is set to 0.1mm to 0.5mm. Through a large number of tests, it has been verified that within this range, it can play a good throttling role for high-pressure airflow and effectively avoid the shock wave effect in the micro gas molecules. This avoids rigid collision between the floating piston 2 and the air chamber sleeve 5, improves the operating environment of the seal, and enhances reliability. When push rod 3 is stretched, the oil flows back to oil chamber 32, the gas volume in gas chamber 31 increases, and pushes floating piston 2 to the right. This process repeats, absorbing energy during compression and releasing energy during expansion.

[0036] like Figure 6As shown, the outer circular surface of the floating piston 2 is machined with an annular open groove I35, which is used to guide the assembly of the sealing components (first guide band 8, first air seal 9, second oil seal I10 and second guide band 11). The first guide band 8, the first air seal 9, the second oil seal I10 and the second guide band 11 are arranged sequentially from the closed end to the open end. The outer circumferential surface of the floating piston 2 and the inner hole of the cylinder 1 are fitted together, so that the first air seal 9 and the second oil seal I10 are squeezed and deformed. The two guide bands connected in series are arranged on both sides of the floating piston 2, which can withstand the radial load acting on the hydraulic cylinder and provide a guiding function for the floating piston 2 in the cylinder 1.

[0037] like Figure 7 As shown, the outer circumference of the air chamber sleeve 5 is divided into a connecting section and a sealing section. The connecting section has external threads for threaded connection with the cylinder 1, facilitating the installation and removal of the air chamber sleeve 5 from the cylinder 1. The sealing section is located at its groove opening end. A first static seal 18 and a second static seal 19 are sequentially arranged on the outer circumference of the sealing section from the opening end towards the connecting section. A protective ring 20 is provided on the low-pressure side of the first static seal 18, and the protective ring 20 and the first static seal 18 are located in the same mounting groove. This low-pressure side refers to the direction facing atmospheric pressure. The outer circumference of the air chamber sleeve 5 mates with the inner hole of the cylinder 1, causing the first static seal 18 and the second static seal 19 to be deformed by compression, forming a seal for the high-pressure oil. Figure 8 As shown, a square slot 41 is machined on the outer circumference surface at the maximum radial diameter of the air chamber sleeve 5 to facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the track tensioning cylinder. The maximum diameter is consistent with the outer diameter of the cylinder barrel 1. The square slot 41 and the outer six sides 39 of the cylinder barrel are matched to facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the track tensioning cylinder.

[0038] like Figure 10 As shown, the inner wall surface of the cylinder 1 and the push rod 3 is sequentially arranged from the inside to the outside with a first oil seal 12, a second oil seal II 13, and an outer dust seal 14. The first oil seal 12 and the second oil seal II 13 are arranged in series and fit tightly with the outer circular surface of the push rod 3. The interaction of the two seals forms a sealing system that surpasses the level of ordinary sealing and is suitable for heavy-duty applications. The outer dust seal 14 can remove dust adhering to the cylindrical surface of the push rod 3 and prevent sand, water, and contaminants from entering the sealed cylinder.

[0039] like Figure 2 , 7As shown in Figures 11 and 12, an inflation / deflation hole is machined on the boss end face (outer end face) of the air chamber sleeve 5, and an inflation valve 6 with an outer end face is mounted on it for communication with the air chamber 31. The inflation valve 6 is axially statically sealed by a rubber component I15. A protective cover 21 is also arranged on the top of the inflation valve 6. A sealing groove is machined at the root of the thread of the protective cover 21, and an axial static seal II16 is installed in the sealing groove, forming a redundant design with the static seal at the inflation valve 6. A pressure relief valve 17 is integrated on the protective cover 21. When the protective cover 21 is removed, the air release function can be achieved by pressing down the valve stem of the pressure relief valve 17.

[0040] In addition, through extensive testing and comparison, it was found that the working stroke of the track tensioning cylinder must be greater than the track pitch, so that when the track lengthens due to wear, the corresponding number of track plates can be removed for continued use. The maximum compressive tension of the track tensioning cylinder should not be too large, so as not to cause excessive stress on the track, idler wheels and other components of the running system, thus failing to provide a cushioning effect. Typically, the maximum compressive tension should not exceed twice the maximum allowable tensile force of the track.

[0041] Pressure sensor MP2, temperature sensor MT, and displacement sensor SR1 are used to monitor parameters such as pressure, temperature, working stroke, and balance position length of the track tensioning cylinder, respectively, and to monitor the healthy working status of the track tensioning cylinder in real time.

[0042] A pressure sensor MP2 is installed on the wall of the oil chamber 32 of the track tensioning cylinder. If the pre-tension force of the track is less than the preset value, oil is injected into the oil chamber of the track tensioning cylinder to increase the tension force to the predetermined target value.

[0043] ① When the dynamic impact pressure inside the track tensioning cylinder reaches 40 MPa, or ② when the dynamic working pressure of the tensioning cylinder is monitored in real time during each operation and the root mean square value of the working pressure is compared, if the root mean square value of the pressure rises by more than 30%, or if the above two conditions ① and ② occur simultaneously, it is necessary to check the initial gas pressure in the air chamber in time and perform replenishment maintenance to avoid the danger of excessive pressure leading to seal failure and cylinder damage, or even cylinder explosion.

[0044] When only displacement sensor SR1 is installed, if the root mean square value of the working displacement of the track tensioning cylinder is less than 30% of the initial value, it indicates that the stiffness of the track tensioning cylinder has increased and there is insufficient air pressure. It is necessary to check the initial gas pressure in the air chamber in time and perform replenishment maintenance.

[0045] When pressure sensor MP2 and displacement sensor SR1 are installed simultaneously, the internal pressure of the track tensioning cylinder and the position of the push rod 3 can be monitored, making the health management judgment and tension control of track tension more accurate. When the push rod 3 is in the pre-tensioned state and the dynamic stroke during operation is less than 15mm, but there are excessively high pressures exceeding 40Mpa at least 10 times per hour, it can be determined that the air chamber is short of air. Alternatively, if the dynamic stroke during operation is less than 15mm, but the highest pressure at least 10 times per hour remains consistent and is clipped, it indicates that the gas has almost completely leaked out, the floating piston 2 has been compressed to the bottom and is in rigid contact with the air chamber sleeve 5, and timely replenishment and maintenance are required to avoid malfunctions. Alternatively, the system monitors the dynamic working pressure and working stroke of the tensioning cylinder in real time each time it works, and performs root mean square value processing on the working pressure and working stroke data respectively, and compares and analyzes the correspondence between the two. When the error between the two is found to be greater than 30% compared to the previous time, the system prompts that timely replenishment and maintenance of air volume is required. Alternatively, the track tensioning cylinder is tensioned to the preset balance position by the displacement sensor SR1, and the internal pressure of the cylinder 1 is monitored by the pressure sensor MP2. If the pressure value is lower than the preset initial value by more than 30%, the control system prompts that there is a shortage of air, and timely replenishment of air pressure is required.

[0046] In addition, adding a temperature sensor MT can monitor the temperature of the track tensioning cylinder, allowing for a more comprehensive and systematic consideration of the impact of ambient and operating temperatures on the length, displacement, and operating pressure of the track tensioning cylinder. During operation, the track tensioning cylinder is frequently subjected to impacts from the ground. The internal oil and gas, through the throttling effect of the valve system, will dampen the vibration, but this will lead to an increase in the temperature of the tensioning cylinder. The temperature rise will further cause the high-pressure gas to expand, resulting in an increase in internal pressure or a change in the length of the air column at the equilibrium position of the tensioning cylinder (the length of the equilibrium position of the tensioning cylinder). By fitting a large amount of experimental data to the formula, the functional relationship between pressure, temperature, and equilibrium position can be clearly defined as follows.

[0047]

[0048] In the formula, p is the absolute pressure of the gas, T is the thermodynamic temperature, A is the piston area of ​​the track tensioning cylinder, L is the length of the gas column in the track tensioning cylinder, Rg is the gas constant, a and b are gas constants that depend only on the type of gas, and m q For gas mass.

[0049] When pressure sensor MP2 and temperature sensor MT are installed simultaneously, the internal pressure and operating temperature of the track tensioning cylinder can be monitored at the same time. The equilibrium position length of the tensioning cylinder under any temperature and pressure conditions can be obtained through the above functional relationship. The closed-loop correction is completed by filling and draining oil through the hydraulic adjustment system to achieve the ideal tension state. When the dynamic impact pressure inside the tensioning cylinder reaches the threshold of 40 MPa no less than 10 times per hour, the initial gas pressure in the air chamber needs to be checked in time and replenished for maintenance.

[0050] When displacement sensor SR1 and temperature sensor MT are installed simultaneously, the stroke of the track tensioning cylinder, the preset balance position, and the temperature value can be monitored at the same time. The working pressure of any track tensioning cylinder at any length and temperature can be calculated through the above functional relationship. The closed-loop correction is completed by the hydraulic adjustment system 7 through oil filling and draining to achieve the ideal tension state. When the root mean square value of the working displacement of the track tensioning cylinder is less than 30% of the initial state, it indicates that the stiffness of the track tensioning cylinder has increased and there is insufficient air pressure. It is necessary to check the initial gas pressure in the air chamber in time and perform replenishment maintenance.

[0051] When displacement sensor SR1, pressure sensor MP2, and temperature sensor MT are installed simultaneously, the corresponding relationship between the preset balance position length, preload pressure, and operating temperature of the track tensioning cylinder can be monitored in real time according to the above functional relationship. When the error between any two values ​​is greater than 30% compared with the initial setting value, the track tensioning cylinder needs to be checked in time and the oil and gas volume needs to be replenished. In addition, after installing pressure sensor MP2, the system automatically monitors the initial tension force value of the balance position before each operation. If the track tensioning cylinder operating pressure drops by 30% more than 3 times in a row, it is determined that there is a leakage of oil and gas medium in the system, and the track tensioning cylinder needs to be maintained in time and the sealing condition needs to be checked.

[0052] Through extensive durability tests, it was found that when the track tensioning cylinder pressure exceeds 40 MPa, the wear of the seals will increase dramatically, and the seal's lifespan will be shortened to 2 / 3 of the normal state. Therefore, 40 MPa is set as the ultimate pressure threshold for the track tensioning cylinder.

[0053] In summary, the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive track tensioning device, characterized in that, It includes a track tensioning cylinder and a sensor, wherein the track tensioning cylinder includes a cylinder barrel, a floating piston, a push rod, an end cover, an air chamber sleeve, and an air inflation valve; One end of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the air chamber sleeve, and a floating piston is provided inside the cylinder at this end, forming a closed air chamber between the floating piston and the air chamber sleeve; an air filling valve is provided on the outer end face of the air chamber sleeve for communicating with the air chamber; the other end of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the push rod, which is sealed by an end cap, forming an oil chamber between the push rod and the floating piston; a limiting step is provided in the middle of the cylinder, which mates with the end faces of the floating piston and the push rod to achieve axial limiting of the floating piston and the push rod; a threaded hole is machined on the radial outer surface of the limiting step for connecting to the hydraulic adjustment system; the working stroke of the track tensioning cylinder is greater than the track pitch, and the maximum compressive tension force is not greater than twice the maximum allowable tensile force of the track; the sensor is used to monitor the working pressure and / or temperature and / or working stroke of the track tensioning cylinder; The floating piston has a convex-shaped structure with a hollow interior. The open end faces the oil chamber, and the closed end boss cooperates with the groove of the air chamber sleeve. The radial gap between the closed end boss of the floating piston and the groove of the air chamber sleeve is set to 0.1mm to 0.5mm. The outer circumferential surface of the floating piston is provided with a first guide band, a first air seal, a second oil seal, and a second guide band in sequence from the closed end to the open end. The outer circumferential surface of the floating piston and the inner hole of the cylinder are matched to compress and deform the first air seal and the second oil seal. The inner wall surface of the cylinder barrel and the push rod is provided with a first oil seal, a second oil seal and a dustproof ring from the inside to the outside; The outer circumferential surface of the air chamber sleeve is divided into a connecting section and a sealing section. The connecting section is provided with external threads for threaded connection with the cylinder. The sealing section is located at the opening end of its groove. The outer circumference of the sealing section is provided with a first static seal and a second static seal in sequence from the opening end toward the connecting section. A protective ring is provided on the low-pressure side of the first static seal. The protective ring and the first static seal are located in the same mounting groove. The outer circle of the air chamber sleeve fits with the inner hole of the cylinder, causing the first static seal and the second static seal to be squeezed and deformed.

2. The adaptive track tensioning device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor is a pressure sensor. If the track pretension force is found to be less than the preset value, oil is injected into the oil chamber of the track tensioning cylinder to increase the tension force to the predetermined target value. When the dynamic impact pressure inside the track tensioning cylinder reaches 40 MPa, or when the dynamic working pressure of the tensioning cylinder is monitored in real time during each operation and the root mean square value of the working pressure is compared, if the root mean square value of the pressure rises by more than 30%, or if both of the above conditions occur simultaneously, the initial gas pressure in the air chamber needs to be checked in time and replenishment maintenance should be performed.

3. The adaptive track tensioning device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When the sensor is a displacement sensor, if the root mean square value of the working stroke of the track tensioning cylinder is less than 30% of the initial state, the initial gas pressure in the air chamber needs to be checked in time and replenished for maintenance.

4. The adaptive track tensioning device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When the sensors are pressure sensors and displacement sensors, if the push rod is in a pre-tensioned state and the dynamic stroke during operation is less than 15mm, but there are excessively high pressures exceeding 40MPa at least 10 times per hour, or if the dynamic stroke during operation is less than 15mm, but the highest pressure at least 10 times per hour remains consistent and is clipped, or if the dynamic working pressure and working stroke of the tensioning cylinder are monitored in real time each time operation, and the root mean square values ​​of the working pressure and working stroke data are processed separately, and the correspondence between the two is compared and analyzed, and the error between the two is found to be greater than 30% compared to the previous time, or if the track tensioning cylinder is tensioned to a preset balance position by a displacement sensor, and the internal pressure of the cylinder is monitored by a pressure sensor at this time, if the pressure value is lower than the preset initial value by more than 30%, it is determined that there is a shortage of air, and timely maintenance to replenish the air pressure is required.

5. The adaptive track tensioning device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sensors are pressure and temperature sensors. The balance position length of the track tensioning cylinder under any temperature and pressure conditions is obtained by solving the following functional relationship. When the dynamic impact pressure inside the track tensioning cylinder is detected to reach 40 MPa at least 10 times per hour, the initial gas pressure in the air chamber needs to be checked in time and replenished for maintenance. In the formula, The absolute pressure of the gas. Thermodynamic temperature This refers to the piston area of ​​the track tensioner cylinder. This refers to the length of the air column in the track tensioning cylinder. The gas constant is... , This is a gas constant, and it depends only on the type of gas. For gas mass.

6. The adaptive track tensioning device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, When the sensor is a displacement sensor and a temperature sensor, the working pressure at any track tensioning cylinder air column length and temperature can be obtained according to the functional relationship. When the root mean square value of the working stroke of the track tensioning cylinder is less than 30% of the initial state, the initial gas pressure in the air chamber needs to be checked in time and replenished for maintenance.

7. The adaptive track tensioning device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, When the sensor is a displacement sensor, pressure sensor, and temperature sensor, the corresponding relationship between the preset balance position length, preload pressure, and working temperature of the track tensioning cylinder is monitored in real time according to the functional relationship. When the error between any two values ​​is greater than 30% compared with the initial setting value, the track tensioning cylinder needs to be checked in time and the oil and gas volume needs to be replenished.

8. The adaptive track tensioning device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The sensor is a pressure sensor that automatically monitors the initial tension value at the equilibrium position before each operation. If the working pressure of the track tension cylinder drops by 30% more than three times in a row, it is determined that there is a leakage of oil and gas medium in the track tension cylinder. The track tension cylinder needs to be maintained in time, and the condition of the seal needs to be checked.

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