A kind of channel regulation engineering sinking mat laying device
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202410264489.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-08
- Estimated Expiration
- 2044-03-08
AI Technical Summary
[0005]针对上述中的相关技术,沉排绑扎较为复杂,生产周期长,不便于对沉排进行更换铺装,且长时间冲刷后容易离散
1.通过设置固定组件,固定组件对沉排辊进行安装,固定组件下方设有第一安装组件或者第二安装组件,第一安装组件和第二安装组件可拆卸连接,将多个沉排辊连接成沉排,铺装时将第一安装组件和第二安装组件放入河床并进行固定,便于形成牢固性较高的沉排并便于铺装;
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Figure CN117947739B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of waterway improvement engineering technology, and in particular to a waterway improvement engineering submerged raft laying device. Background Technology
[0002] Channel improvement projects refer to the construction of specialized structures or other engineering measures in the riverbed to adjust the riverbed morphology and water and sediment flow paths in order to form a favorable water flow structure.
[0003] The purpose of waterway dredging is to adjust the relationship between water flow and riverbed using dredging structures, thereby locally altering the evolution of the riverbed and adjusting the scouring and sedimentation of the riverbed. This ensures that water scouring occurs where it is needed, sediment is deposited where it is intended to be deposited, and the riverbed remains relatively stable.
[0004] In related technologies, the means to maintain the relative stability of the riverbed is as follows: a raft is laid in the riverbed where water flow erosion occurs. The raft is made of top wire tied into two layers of grid, with several layers of top material laid flat in the middle and perpendicular to each other. It is then tied with wire to form a rectangular raft. Low fences are tied on the raft to form grids, which are then floated to the sinking location. After positioning, stones are placed between the grids to press the raft down to the bottom of the slope or the bottom of the riverbed. Large stones or sinking rollers are added for protection to prevent the raft from breaking and being lost.
[0005] Regarding the aforementioned technologies, the tying of submerged embankments is relatively complex, the production cycle is long, it is not convenient to replace and re-lay the submerged embankments, and they are prone to disintegration after long-term scouring. Summary of the Invention
[0006] In order to facilitate the formation of a highly stable submerged raft and to make it easy to lay, this application provides a submerged raft laying device for waterway improvement projects.
[0007] The technical solution for a waterway improvement engineering submerged concrete laying device provided in this application is as follows: A submerged rafting device for waterway improvement projects includes a first installation component, a second installation component, and multiple fixing components arranged side by side. The first and second installation components are detachably connected and are used to install the fixing components on the riverbed. Two fixing components are symmetrically arranged on the top of the first installation component and two fixing components are symmetrically arranged on the top of the second installation component. Each fixing component includes a first fixing bar and a second fixing bar. The first fixing bar is connected to the first installation component near its end, and the second fixing bar is detachably connected to the end of the first fixing bar away from its end. Multiple placement slots are provided at the ends of the first and second fixing bars that are close to each other. The multiple placement slots are spaced apart, and each placement slot is provided with a submerged rafting roller. The submerged rafting rollers are arranged along the length of the first fixing bar, and the multiple submerged rafting rollers form a submerged raft.
[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, when carrying out channel improvement, multiple sinking rollers are placed in the fixing components on the first and second installation components. The first and second fixing strips in the fixing components enable the multiple sinking rollers to form sinking slabs above the first and second installation components. After the sinking rollers are placed, the second fixing strip is fixed to the first fixing strip, and the first and second installation components are connected to form sinking slabs with high stability and facilitate paving.
[0009] Optionally, the second fixing strip is provided with a plurality of fixing hooks at one end near the first fixing strip, and the first fixing strip is provided with a fixing groove at one end near the fixing hooks, so that the fixing hooks can be hooked into the fixing grooves. A fixing member is provided between the first fixing strip and the second fixing strip, and the fixing member is used to fix the first fixing strip and the second fixing strip.
[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, when the first fixing strip and the second fixing strip are fixed, the fixing hook is hooked into the fixing groove, and the first fixing strip and the second fixing strip are fixed with fasteners, which facilitates the installation of the sinking roller.
[0011] Optionally, the fixing hook includes a fixing vertical bar and a fixing horizontal bar. One end of the fixing vertical bar is connected to the bottom surface of the second fixing bar, and the other end is connected to the fixing horizontal bar. The end of the fixing horizontal bar away from the fixing vertical bar protrudes from the side wall of the fixing vertical bar. The fixing groove includes an insertion groove and a hook groove. The insertion groove is used to insert the fixing horizontal bar, and the fixing horizontal bar is slidably connected to the hook groove.
[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, when fixing the fixing hook in the fixing groove, firstly, the fixing crossbar is placed in the groove, and then the fixing crossbar is slid into the hook groove to engage the fixing hook, which facilitates the installation of the first fixing bar and the second fixing bar.
[0013] Optionally, the fixing member includes a slide bar and a guide block. The second fixing bar has a groove at one end near the first fixing bar. The slide bar is located in the groove and can slide along the groove. The first fixing bar has a positioning groove near the groove. The slide bar can be located in the positioning groove. The guide block is located at one end of the first fixing bar near the positioning groove. The upper surface of the guide block is flush with the upper surface of the first fixing bar.
[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, when fixing the first fixing strip and the second fixing strip, the end of the slider away from the second fixing strip is abutted against the upper surface of the guide block, and the slider is slid toward the positioning groove until the slider enters the positioning groove, thus completing the fixing of the first fixing strip and the second fixing strip.
[0015] Optionally, a hanging ring is provided on the side wall of the first fixing strip, and a first lifting member is detachably connected to the hanging ring. The first lifting member is used to pull the second fixing strip.
[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the first lifting component can pull and lift the first fixing bar, thereby facilitating the placement of the sinker onto the riverbed.
[0017] Optionally, an adjusting component is provided on one side of the hanging ring. The adjusting component includes an adjusting rod, a fixing rod at both ends of the adjusting rod, and a second lifting component on the fixing rod. A steel cable is detachably connected between the first lifting component and the hanging ring. The adjusting rod can be located above the steel cable and parallel to the first mounting frame. One end of the fixing rod is connected to the adjusting rod, and the other end can be inserted into the riverbed. The second lifting component is used to lift the fixing rod.
[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the adjusting component can adjust the position of the slab placed on the riverbed. During adjustment, the second lifting component is used to sink the fixing rod together with the adjusting rod into the riverbed, and the adjusting rod is positioned above the steel cable and parallel to the first mounting frame. The first lifting component is then activated, and the first lifting component pulls the slab forward. Under the limit of the adjusting rod, the first lifting component pulls the slab forward to adjust the position of the slab on the riverbed.
[0019] Optionally, the first mounting component includes a first mounting frame and a first fixing frame. The first fixing frame is disposed around the periphery of the first mounting frame, and a plurality of connecting rods are provided on the top of the first fixing frame. The second mounting component includes a second mounting frame and fixing plates symmetrically disposed on both sides of the second mounting frame. The fixing plates are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the second mounting plate near the first mounting frame. The fixing plates are higher than the first fixing frame. The fixing plates are provided with connecting grooves near the connecting rods. The connecting rods are located in the connecting grooves and are engaged with the connecting grooves. The bottom of both the first mounting frame and the second mounting frame is provided with conical spikes.
[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, when the first mounting frame is connected to the second mounting frame, the connecting rod is placed in the connecting groove and the connecting rod is engaged with the connecting groove. After the first mounting component and the second mounting component are lowered, the positions of the first mounting component and the second mounting component are adjusted, and the cone is inserted into the riverbed to improve the stability of the first mounting component and the second mounting component on the riverbed.
[0021] Optionally, the second mounting frame is provided with mounting plates at both ends away from the fixing plate, and multiple fixing nails are inserted into each mounting plate.
[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the fixing nails further improve the stability of the second mounting frame and the first mounting frame on the riverbed.
[0023] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. By setting a fixing component, the sinking roller is installed. The fixing component is provided with a first installation component or a second installation component below the fixing component. The first installation component and the second installation component are detachably connected to connect multiple sinking rollers into a sinking raft. During paving, the first installation component and the second installation component are placed into the riverbed and fixed, which facilitates the formation of a sinking raft with high stability and facilitates paving. 2. By setting a fixing hook on the second fixing strip and a fixing groove on the first fixing strip, the first fixing hook is hooked into the fixing groove, and then the fixing member fixes the first fixing strip and the second fixing strip, reducing the possibility of the fixing hook coming off the fixing groove, thereby facilitating the disassembly and assembly of the sinking roller and facilitating the laying of the sinking. Attached Figure Description
[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main view structure of an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram from another perspective of an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is an exploded view of an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 yes Figure 5 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A in the middle; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the use of the adjustment component in an embodiment of this application.
[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. First mounting component; 11. First mounting frame; 12. First fixing frame; 121. Connecting rod; 2. Second mounting component; 21. Second mounting frame; 22. Fixing plate; 221. Connecting groove; 23. Mounting plate; 3. Fixing component; 31. First fixing strip; 32. Fixing groove; 321. Placement groove; 322. Hook groove; 33. Positioning groove; 34. Hanging ring; 35. Steel cable; 36. Second fixing strip; 37. Fixing hook; 371. Fixing vertical strip; 372. Fixing horizontal strip; 38. Placement groove; 39. Sliding groove; 4. Sinking roller; 5. Conical spike; 6. Fixing nail; 7. Fixing net; 8. Fixing component; 81. Sliding strip; 82. Guide block; 9. Adjusting component; 91. Adjusting rod; 92. Fixing rod; 93. Second lifting component. Detailed Implementation
[0027] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-7 This application will be described in further detail.
[0028] This application discloses a submerged rafting device for waterway improvement engineering, referring to... Figure 1 , Figure 2 A submerged raft laying device for waterway improvement engineering includes a first installation component 1, a second installation component 2, and multiple fixing components 3 arranged side by side. In this embodiment, there is one first installation component 1 and one second installation component 2. The number of the first installation component 1 and the second installation component 2 can be increased according to the length of the submerged raft to be laid. The first installation component 1 and the second installation component 2 are detachably connected. The first installation component 1 and the second installation component 2 are used to install the fixing components 3 on the riverbed.
[0029] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 In this embodiment, four fixing components 3 are provided. Two fixing components 3 are symmetrically arranged on the top of the first mounting component 1, and two fixing components 3 are symmetrically arranged on the top of the second mounting component 2. Each fixing component 3 includes a first fixing strip 31 and a second fixing strip 36. The first fixing strip 31 is welded to the first mounting component 1 near the first mounting component 1. The second fixing strip 36 is detachably connected to the end of the first fixing strip 31 away from the first fixing strip 36. The detachable connection can be a bolt connection, a snap-fit connection, or a plug-in connection. In this embodiment, it is a snap-fit connection. The first fixing strip 31 and the second fixing strip 36 are... Multiple placement grooves 38 are provided at the close ends of the first fixing strip 31. These grooves are spaced apart along the long side of the first fixing strip 31. The placement grooves 38 on the second fixing strip 36 are arranged in the same way as those on the first fixing strip 31. Each placement groove 38 is semi-circular, and the openings of the grooves 38 on the first and second fixing strips 31 and 36 are close together, forming a circular opening. Each placement groove 38 contains a cylindrical sinking roller 4, which is arranged along the length of the first fixing strip 31, forming a sinking mass. To improve the stability of the sinking rollers 4 within the placement grooves 38, a rubber layer (not shown in the diagram) is bonded inside the placement grooves 38.
[0030] The sinking roller 4 is fixedly installed using the first fixing strip 31 and the second fixing strip 36. The first fixing strip 31 and the second fixing strip 36 are located on the first mounting component 1 or the second mounting component 2, so that multiple sinking rollers 4 are installed on the first mounting component 1 and multiple sinking rollers 4 are also installed on the second mounting component 2, which facilitates the formation of a sinking with high stability and facilitates paving.
[0031] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 4The first mounting component 1 includes a first mounting frame 11 and a first fixing frame 12. The first fixing frame 12 is welded to the periphery of the first mounting frame 11. The top of the first fixing frame 12 is provided with multiple connecting rods 121. In this embodiment, two connecting rods 121 are welded upward at both the top and bottom ends of the first fixing frame 12. The two connecting rods 121 are symmetrically arranged front and back and are cuboid in shape. The second mounting component 2 includes a second mounting frame 21 and fixing plates 22 symmetrically welded to the left and right sides of the second mounting frame 21. The lower surface of the fixing plate 22 is higher than the upper surface of the first fixing frame 12. The fixing plate 22 is provided with a connecting groove 221 near the connecting rod 121. The connecting rod 121 is located in the connecting groove 221 and engages with the connecting groove 221. Multiple conical spikes 5 are welded to the bottom of both the first mounting frame 11 and the second mounting frame 21.
[0032] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 4 The second mounting frame 21 has mounting plates 23 welded to both ends away from the fixing plate 22. Multiple fixing nails 6 are inserted into each mounting plate 23. In this embodiment, each mounting plate 23 has two fixing nails 6 inserted into it; the fixing nails 6 are pins. Fixing mesh 7, which is wire mesh, is welded into both the first mounting frame 11 and the second mounting frame 21 to protect the riverbed surface. To improve the stability of the first mounting frame 11, two fixing nails 6 are inserted into each of the front and rear ends of the first fixing frame 12.
[0033] Reference Figure 5 , Figure 6 The second fixing strip 36 has five fixing hooks 37 at one end near the first fixing strip 31. The fixing hooks 37 are all located between two placement slots 38. The fixing hooks 37 are generally "L" shaped. The first fixing strip 31 has a fixing slot 32 at one end near the fixing hooks 37. The fixing slot 32 is also "L" shaped. The fixing hooks 37 can be hooked into the fixing slot 32. A fixing member 8 is provided between the first fixing strip 31 and the second fixing strip 36. The fixing member 8 is used to fix the first fixing strip 31 and the second fixing strip 36.
[0034] Furthermore, referring to Figure 5 , Figure 6 The fixing hook 37 includes a fixing vertical bar 371 and a fixing horizontal bar 372. One end of the fixing vertical bar 371 is welded to the bottom surface of the second fixing bar 36, and the other end is welded to the fixing horizontal bar 372. The end of the fixing horizontal bar 372 away from the fixing vertical bar 371 protrudes from the side wall of the fixing vertical bar 371. The fixing groove 32 includes an insertion groove 321 and a hook groove 322. The insertion groove 321 is located above the hook groove 322. The left end of the hook groove 322 protrudes from the left side wall of the insertion groove 321. The insertion groove 321 and the hook groove 322 are in a horizontally flipped "L" shape. The insertion groove 321 is used to insert the fixing horizontal bar 372. The fixing horizontal bar 372 is slidably connected to the hook groove 322.
[0035] Specifically, refer to Figure 5 , Figure 6 The fixing member 8 includes a slide bar 81 and a guide block 82. The second fixing bar 36 has a groove 39 at one end near the first fixing bar 31. The slide bar 81 is located in the groove 39 and can slide along the groove 39. The slide bar 81 is T-shaped. The first fixing bar 31 has a positioning groove 33 near the groove 39. The positioning groove 33 is cuboid in shape. The slide bar 81 can be located in the positioning groove 33. The guide block 82 is located at one end of the first fixing bar 31 near the positioning groove 33. The upper surface of the guide block 82 is flush with the upper surface of the first fixing bar 31.
[0036] When using the slider 81 to fix the first fixing bar 31 and the second fixing bar 36, the bottom surface of the slider 81 abuts against the upper surface of the guide block 82, and the second fixing bar 36 is pushed forward. The second fixing bar 36 drives the fixing hook 37 into the insertion groove 321. Continue to drag the second fixing bar 36 forward so that the fixing bar 372 is located in the hook groove 322 and engages with the hook groove 322. At this time, the bottom of the slider 81 enters the positioning groove 33.
[0037] Reference Figure 5 , Figure 6 A hanging ring 34 is welded to the side wall of the first fixing bar 31. A first lifting component is detachably connected to the hanging ring 34. The first lifting component is used to pull the second fixing bar 36. The first lifting component is a crane and is not shown in the figure.
[0038] Reference Figure 7 A steel cable 35 is detachably connected between the first lifting component and the hanging ring 34. The detachable connection can be fixed using a steel cable clamp or bolts. In this embodiment, the steel cable 35 is fixed by passing one end of the steel cable 35 through the hanging ring 34 and fixing the steel cable 35 passing through the hanging ring 34 to the steel cable 35 near the first lifting component using a steel cable clamp. An adjusting component 9 is provided above the steel cable 35. The adjusting component 9 includes an adjusting rod 91, a fixing rod 92 at both ends of the adjusting rod 91, and a second lifting component 93 on the fixing rod 92. The second lifting component 93 is also a crane. The adjusting rod 91 can be located above the steel cable 35 and parallel to the first mounting frame 11. One end of the fixing rod 92 is connected to the adjusting rod 91, and the other end can be inserted into the riverbed. The second lifting component 93 is used to lift the fixing rod 92.
[0039] When the adjusting rod 91 is above the steel cable 35 and parallel to the first mounting frame 11, the first lifting component is activated, and the first lifting component pulls the second fixing bar 36 forward to adjust the position of the second fixing bar 36.
[0040] The implementation principle of the submerged raft laying device for waterway improvement engineering in this application embodiment is as follows: The submerged raft roller 4 is placed in the placement groove 38 and fixed with the first fixed strip 31 using the second fixing strip 36. The fixing member 8 further reinforces the first fixing strip 31 and the second fixing strip 36. The first installation component 1 and the second installation component 2 with the submerged raft roller 4 installed are submerged into the riverbed. The first installation component 1 and the second installation component 2 can be connected in advance during submersion. After the first installation component 1 and the second installation component 2 are placed, the first crane and the adjusting member 9 are used to adjust the position of the first installation component 1 and the second installation component 2. Finally, the first installation component 1 and the second installation component 2 are pressed so that the cone 5 enters the riverbed. The first installation component 1 and the second installation component 2 are reinforced again using the fixing nail 6, which facilitates the formation of a submerged raft with high stability and facilitates laying.
[0041] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this application shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms "first," "second," "third," and similar terms used in this application specification and claims do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. The terms "an" or "a" and similar terms do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms "comprising" or "including" and similar terms mean that the elements or objects preceding "comprising" or "including" encompass the elements or objects listed following "comprising" or "including" and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or objects. "Above," "below," "left," "right," etc., are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.
[0042] The above are all optional embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims
1. A submerged rafting device for waterway improvement projects, characterized in that: The system includes a first mounting component (1), a second mounting component (2), and multiple fixing components (3) arranged side by side. The first mounting component (1) and the second mounting component (2) are detachably connected. The first mounting component (1) and the second mounting component (2) are used to install the fixing components (3) on the riverbed. Two fixing components (3) are symmetrically arranged on the top of the first mounting component (1) and two fixing components (3) are symmetrically arranged on the top of the second mounting component (2). Each fixing component (3) includes a first fixing strip (31) and a second fixing strip (36). The first fixing strip (31) is close to the first mounting component (1) and connected to it. The second fixing strip (36) is detachably connected to the end of the first fixing strip (31) away from the second fixing strip (36). Multiple placement slots (38) are provided at the ends of the first fixing strip (31) and the second fixing strip (36) that are close to each other. The multiple placement slots (38) are spaced apart. Each placement slot (38) contains a... A sinking roller (4) is provided, which is arranged along the length direction of the first fixing strip (31), and multiple sinking rollers (4) form a sinking. The first mounting component (1) includes a first mounting frame (11) and a first fixing frame (12). The first fixing frame (12) is located on the periphery of the first mounting frame (11), and multiple connecting rods (121) are provided on the top of the first fixing frame (12). The second mounting component (2) includes a second mounting frame (21) and fixing plates (22) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the second mounting frame (21). The fixing plates (22) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the second mounting plate (23) near the first mounting frame (11). The fixing plates (22) are higher than the first fixing frame (12). The fixing plates (22) are provided with connecting grooves (221) near the connecting rods (121). The connecting rods (121) are located in the connecting grooves (221) and are engaged with the connecting grooves (221). The bottom of the first mounting frame (11) and the second mounting frame (21) are both provided with cone spikes (5).
2. The submerged rafting device for waterway improvement engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second fixing strip (36) has multiple fixing hooks (37) at one end near the first fixing strip (31). The first fixing strip (31) has a fixing groove (32) at one end near the fixing hooks (37). The fixing hooks (37) can be hooked into the fixing groove (32). A fixing member (8) is provided between the first fixing strip (31) and the second fixing strip (36). The fixing member (8) is used to fix the first fixing strip (31) and the second fixing strip (36).
3. The submerged raft laying device for waterway improvement engineering according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fixing hook (37) includes a fixing vertical bar (371) and a fixing horizontal bar (372). One end of the fixing vertical bar (371) is connected to the bottom surface of the second fixing bar (36), and the other end is connected to the fixing horizontal bar (372). The end of the fixing horizontal bar (372) away from the fixing vertical bar (371) protrudes from the side wall of the fixing vertical bar (371). The fixing groove (32) includes an insertion groove (321) and a hook groove (322). The insertion groove (321) is used to insert the fixing horizontal bar (372), and the fixing horizontal bar (372) is slidably connected to the hook groove (322).
4. The waterway improvement engineering submerged raft laying device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fixing member (8) includes a slide bar (81) and a guide block (82). The second fixing bar (36) has a groove (39) at one end near the first fixing bar (31). The slide bar (81) is located in the groove (39) and can slide along the groove (39). The first fixing bar (31) has a positioning groove (33) near the groove (39). The slide bar (81) can be located in the positioning groove (33). The guide block (82) is located at one end of the first fixing bar (31) near the positioning groove (33). The upper surface of the guide block (82) is flush with the upper surface of the first fixing bar (31).
5. The submerged rafting device for waterway improvement engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first fixing bar (31) has a hanging ring (34) on its side wall. A first lifting member is detachably connected to the hanging ring (34) and is used to pull the second fixing bar (36).
6. The submerged raft laying device for waterway improvement engineering according to claim 5, characterized in that: The hanging ring (34) is also provided with an adjustment component (9) on one side. The adjustment component (9) includes an adjustment rod (91), a fixing rod (92) at both ends of the adjustment rod (91), and a second lifting component (93) on the fixing rod (92). The first lifting component is detachably connected to the hanging ring (34) with a steel cable (35). The adjustment rod (91) can be located above the steel cable (35) and parallel to the first mounting frame (11). One end of the fixing rod (92) is connected to the adjustment rod (91), and the other end can be inserted into the riverbed. The second lifting component (93) is used to lift the fixing rod (92).
7. The channel improvement engineering submerged raft laying device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second mounting frame (21) is provided with mounting plates (23) at both ends away from the fixing plate (22), and multiple fixing nails (6) are inserted into the mounting plates (23).
Citation Information
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