A three-dimensional attitude control method for the installation of bolted bridge structures

Abstract

This patent application discloses a three-dimensional attitude control method for the installation of bolted bridge structures. The method includes selecting several bolt holes on the bolted bridge structure as measuring points, setting up a measuring device at each measuring point, and arranging two measuring points on the measuring device that maintain a relative positional relationship with the center coordinates of the bolt holes. A total station is set up, and the total station measures the coordinates of the two measuring points. The center coordinates of the bolt holes can be calculated from the coordinates of the measuring points. These center coordinates are used as the target value for the three-dimensional attitude of the bolted bridge structure during installation. The bridge installation attitude calculated from the measuring point coordinates is compared with the designed attitude to obtain the change value. This change value, factored into the coordinates of the measuring points, yields the target value for the bridge installation attitude, which incorporates the relative positional error. This invention not only accurately measures the actual position of the bolt holes but also incorporates the relative positional error between the bolt hole group and the bridge structure into the actual installation target value, making the target value for the three-dimensional attitude of the bolted bridge structure more precise.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge engineering technology, specifically to a three-dimensional attitude control method for the installation of bolted bridge structures. Background Technology

[0002] Bolted connections (hereinafter referred to as "bolted connections") are a popular method of connection between bridge structures due to their standardized design, rapid construction, and green construction characteristics. When installing bolted bridge structures, it is necessary to accurately measure the three-dimensional coordinates of the actual bolt hole group and calculate the target installation value of the bolt hole group to ensure that the three-dimensional posture of the bridge components meets the high-precision installation requirements of the bolted structure. If the accuracy of the calculated three-dimensional posture of the bolted bridge structure is insufficient, the characteristic that the relative posture between bolted structures remains unchanged will lead to further divergence in the subsequent structural alignment error, easily causing the bridge structure alignment to lose control. Therefore, in the construction process of bolted bridge structures, accurate measurement of the three-dimensional coordinates of the bolt hole group and accurate calculation of the installation target value, thereby obtaining the precise three-dimensional posture of the bolted bridge structure during installation, has significant engineering application value in preventing the alignment of bolted bridge structures from becoming uncontrollable.

[0003] Currently, the construction process mainly uses a total station to assist in the installation of bolted bridge structures. This involves installing prisms or attaching reflectors to the surface of the structure, and then using the total station to measure the coordinates of the reflectors or prisms before directly installing the bolted bridge structure.

[0004] The following problems exist in the existing bolted bridge structure installation:

[0005] 1. Regardless of whether reflective stickers or prisms are used, the measuring points are all arranged on the surface of the structure, making it impossible to measure the actual position of the bolt holes in the bolt hole group, and impossible to obtain the accurate three-dimensional posture of the bolted bridge structure during installation, resulting in the bolt hole group not being able to be bolted smoothly.

[0006] 2. During the manufacturing of bolted bridge structures, the relative attitudes between structures are typically adjusted before standard bolt gusset plates are punched at the corresponding positions. While this method ensures that the relative relationship between bolt holes within the same group remains consistent with the design values, it fails to guarantee the relative positional relationship between the bolt gusset plates and the bridge structure. This can easily lead to discrepancies between the relative relationship of the bolt hole group and the bridge structure and the design. Existing three-dimensional installation attitude calculation methods cannot account for the relative positional error between the bolt hole group and the bridge structure, potentially resulting in uncontrollable subsequent bridge structure alignment.

[0007] 3. The existing calculation methods are not clear in their steps, and the measurement scheme for actual errors is not clear, which makes it impossible to guarantee the accuracy and efficiency of the calculation of the three-dimensional posture of the bolted bridge structure installation. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a three-dimensional attitude control method for the installation of bolted bridge structures, in order to solve the problems that the bolt hole positions cannot be accurately measured, the relative position error between the bolt hole group and the bridge structure cannot be included in the installation target value, resulting in the structural alignment being easily diverged, and the existing calculation methods having unclear steps, resulting in low accuracy and efficiency of three-dimensional attitude calculation.

[0009] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0010] A three-dimensional attitude control method for the installation of bolted bridge structures includes the following steps:

[0011] S1: Adjust the posture of the bolted bridge structure to ensure that its horizontality and verticality meet the requirements of the design drawings;

[0012] S2: Select several bolt holes as measuring points on the bolted bridge structure;

[0013] S3: A measuring device is set at the measuring point. The measuring device has a first measuring point and a second measuring point. The first measuring point and the second measuring point have a relative positional relationship with the center of the bolt hole, respectively.

[0014] S4: Establish a measurement coordinate system and set up total station stations. The total station measures the coordinates of the first and second measurement points. The coordinates of the bolt hole center can be calculated from the coordinates of the first or second measurement point. The bolt hole center coordinates are used as the target value of the three-dimensional posture of the bolted bridge structure installation.

[0015] S5: Verify several measuring points. The coordinates of the first measuring point and the second measuring point are calculated to obtain the center coordinates of the two bolt holes. The difference between the center coordinates of the two bolt holes is less than 0.5mm.

[0016] S6: Compare the bridge installation posture calculated from the coordinates of the first or second measurement point with the design posture to obtain the change value between the two. Add the above change value to the coordinates of the first or second measurement point to obtain the target value of the bridge installation posture that takes into account the relative position error.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] 1. This invention selects bolt holes as measuring points. The actual position of the bolt holes can be obtained through the measuring device, which can solve the problem that traditional methods cannot measure the center coordinates of bolt holes during bolted structure installation. In this way, the accurate three-dimensional posture of bolted bridge structures during installation can be obtained, ensuring the accuracy of structure bolting.

[0019] 2. This invention takes into account the relative positional error between the bolt hole group and the bolted bridge structure. By adding the change value between the bolt hole group and the design posture to the installation posture target value calculated by the measuring device, the accurate target value of the three-dimensional posture installation of the bolted bridge structure can be obtained. This improves the calculation accuracy of the three-dimensional posture of the bolted bridge structure installation and avoids the problem that the relative positional error between the bolt hole group and the bridge structure cannot be included in the installation target value, which would lead to the structural line shape being easily diverged.

[0020] 3. This invention proposes a method for measuring the relative positional error between bolt hole groups and bolted bridge structures, which solves the problem in the prior art where the measurement method for actual errors is unclear, resulting in low accuracy and efficiency in calculating the three-dimensional posture of bolted bridge structure installation.

[0021] 4. This invention adds a verification step for the measuring points. By controlling the range of the difference between the calculated center coordinates of the two bolt holes, the influence of measurement errors on the target value of the bridge installation posture can be avoided, thus improving the accuracy of the target value of the installation.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the upper and lower parts of each side of the bolted bridge structure have groups of bolt holes, and the method for determining the measuring points in S2 is as follows:

[0023] S201: Select at least two sides of the bolted bridge structure, and the two sides must intersect;

[0024] S202: Select the bolt hole groups on the upper and lower parts of each side;

[0025] S203: Select the four bolt holes located at the four corners of each bolt hole group as measuring points;

[0026] Beneficial effects: The bolt hole measuring point selection method in this invention is based on the principle that three points determine a plane. This invention selects four points to determine the relative positional relationship between the bolt hole group and the bridge structure, so as to ensure that the selected measuring points can reflect the three-dimensional posture of the bridge bolted structure. Thus, the center coordinates of the bolt holes can be used as the target value of the three-dimensional posture of the bolted bridge structure installation, thereby improving the subsequent control accuracy.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the measuring device in S3 includes a first measuring block, a second measuring block, and a support column that mates with a bolt hole. The support column can rotate within the bolt hole. The first measuring block is located between the support column and the second measuring block. A first measuring point is marked at the center of one side of the first measuring block. The extended line of the axis of the support column passes through the first measuring point and is located on the marked surface where the first measuring point is marked. A second measuring point is marked at the center of the end face of the second measuring block away from the support column. The extended line of the axis of the support column passes through the second measuring point and is perpendicular to the marked surface where the second measuring point is marked.

[0028] Beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. After the support column is inserted into the bolt hole to be measured, the first measuring block can rotate 360° around the support column. Due to the complex terrain environment during actual bridge installation, it is often difficult to set up the total station. This device can adjust the direction of the first measuring block according to the actual situation so that the first measuring point always faces the total station, so that the total station can observe it from any position. This device can realize omnidirectional measurement of the measuring point and is highly practical.

[0030] 2. This device is equipped with two measuring blocks. The coordinates of the measuring points on the two measuring blocks can respectively represent the center coordinates of the bolt holes. On the one hand, the two measuring points can verify the center coordinates of the bolt holes to ensure the accuracy of the measurement. On the other hand, the observation surfaces of the two measuring points face different directions, so that when the total station is not convenient to observe a certain measuring point, another measuring point can be selected for observation. It is flexible in use and highly practical.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S4, the X-axis of the measurement coordinate system is parallel to the axis of the support column, and the positive direction of the X-axis is the direction from the axis of the support column to the second measurement point. The coordinates of the first measurement point are measured by the total station as (x2, y2, z2). T The coordinates of the second measurement point were measured to be (x3, y3, z3). T The center coordinates of the bolt hole are (x1, y1, z1). T The relationships between the center coordinates of the bolt hole and the coordinates of the first and second measuring points are as follows:

[0032] (x1,y1,z1) T = (x² - L¹ / ², y², z²) T (1)

[0033] (x1,y1,z1) T =(x3-L1-L2,y3,z3) T (2)

[0034] Where L1 is the length of the first measuring block and L2 is the length of the second measuring block.

[0035] Beneficial effects: Since current calculation methods cannot determine the relative position of the bolt node plate and the bridge structure, the relative position error between the bolt hole group and the bridge structure cannot be included in the installation target value of the bolt hole group. However, this invention can deduce the center coordinates of the bolt holes from the coordinates of the first or second measurement point to obtain the actual bolt hole position. Then, based on the relative relationship between the bolt holes in the group, the actual position of the bolt hole group can be obtained, and the error value can be calculated to obtain a more accurate three-dimensional posture installation target value.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the change value between the bridge installation posture and the design posture calculated from the coordinates of the first or second measuring point in S6 can be obtained from the actual dimensions of the measuring device, and the coordinates of the first measuring point of several measuring points are (x... c1 ,y c1 ,z c1 ) T 、(x c2 ,y c2 ,z c2 ) T ...(x) cn ,y cn ,z cn ) T The change in the bridge's installation posture relative to the design posture, calculated from the coordinates of the first measuring point of several measuring points, is (x... bc1 ,y bc1 ,z bc1 ) T 、(x bc2 ,y bc2 ,z bc2 ) T ...(x) bcn ,y bcn ,z bcn ) T The three-dimensional attitude of the bolted bridge structure during installation can be represented by the attitude of the first measuring point of several measuring points during installation. The target value of the three-dimensional attitude of the first measuring point of several measuring points during installation is (x ac1 ,y ac1 ,z ac1 ) T 、(x ac2 ,y ac2 ,z ac2 ) T ...(x) acn ,y acn ,z acn ) T ,Right now:

[0037] (x ac1 ,y ac1 ,z ac1 ) T =(x c1 ,y c1 ,z c1 ) T +(x bc1 ,y bc1 ,z bc1 ) T (3)

[0038] (x ac2 ,y ac2 ,z ac2 )T =(x c2 ,y c2 ,z c2 ) T +(x bc2 ,y bc2 ,z bc2 ) T (4) ......

[0040] (x acn ,y acn ,z acn ) T =(x cn ,y cn ,z cn ) T +(x bcn ,y bcn ,z bcn ) T (5)

[0041] The three-dimensional attitude of the bolted bridge during installation can also be represented by the three-dimensional coordinates of the second measuring point during installation. The calculation method for the target value of the three-dimensional attitude of the second measuring point coordinates for several measuring points is the same as the calculation method for the target value of the three-dimensional attitude of the first measuring point.

[0042] Beneficial effects: By adding the change value relative to the design posture to the coordinates of the first or second measurement point, the target value of the installation three-dimensional posture of the first or second measurement point can be calculated, thus obtaining the target value of the installation three-dimensional posture that takes into account the relative position error between the bolt hole group and the bridge structure, thereby improving the accuracy of the installation three-dimensional posture of the bolted bridge structure.

[0043] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the arrangement method of the stations in S4 is as follows: at least two stations are set up at the same measuring point to measure the first measuring block and the second measuring block respectively, and the angle between the line connecting each station and the measuring point and the observation surface is greater than or equal to 30 degrees.

[0044] Beneficial effects: By setting up at least two stations to measure the first and second measurement blocks respectively, the influence of measurement errors on the measurement results can be avoided. By controlling the observation angle, a better viewing angle can be provided for the total station, reducing the observation error of the total station and improving the accuracy of the measurement results. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the measuring device in the three-dimensional attitude control method for bolted bridge structure installation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2This is a disassembled diagram of the measuring device in the three-dimensional attitude control method for bolted bridge structure installation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the site layout in the three-dimensional attitude control method for bolted bridge structure installation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the numbering of bolt hole measuring points on the A and B sides of the bolted column in the three-dimensional attitude control method for bolted bridge structure installation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] The reference numerals in the figures include:

[0050] First measuring block 1, first measuring point 11, second measuring block 2, second measuring point 21, support column 3, bolted column 4, station 5. Detailed Implementation

[0051] Typical embodiments embodying the features and advantages of the present invention will be specifically described in the following description. It should be understood that the present invention can have various variations in different embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention, and the descriptions and illustrations herein are for illustrative purposes only and not intended to limit the present invention.

[0052] In the description of this application, the terms "side", "end", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the structure referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0053] This embodiment discloses a three-dimensional attitude control method for the installation of bolted bridge structures. (See also...) Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the height of the bolted bridge column 4 is 8m, the transverse width is 1.1m, the longitudinal length is 1.1m, the bolt hole diameter is 2.4cm, and the hole depth is 2cm. The transverse and longitudinal planes are designated as plane A and plane B, respectively. Both plane A and plane B have bolt hole groups at their upper and lower parts, and the design spacing between adjacent holes in the bolt hole groups is the same. The three-dimensional attitude control method for the installation of the bolted bridge structure includes the following steps:

[0054] S1: On site, adjust the posture of bolted column 4 so that its horizontality and verticality meet the requirements of the design drawings, that is, the opposite faces are parallel to each other and the vertical face is perpendicular to the ground.

[0055] S2: Select several bolt holes on the bolted column 4 as measuring points. The method for selecting the measuring points is as follows:

[0056] S201: Select the bolt hole groups on the A and B sides of the bolted column 4;

[0057] S202: Select the upper and lower bolt hole groups on surface A, and the upper and lower bolt hole groups on surface B.

[0058] S203: Select the bolt holes located at the four corners of the two sets of upper bolt hole groups and the bolt holes located at the four corners of the two sets of lower bolt hole groups as measuring points, and number the selected measuring points sequentially. For the bolt hole measuring point numbers on surfaces A and B, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 As shown.

[0059] S3: Set up a measuring device at the measuring point, see [reference]. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the measuring device includes a first measuring block 1, a second measuring block 2, and a support column 3 that mates with the bolt holes. In this embodiment, the support column 3 is a cylinder with a length of S and a diameter of D. The length of the support column 3 is the design depth of the bolt hole group, and the diameter of the support column 3 is the diameter of the bolt hole, meaning the center of the bolt hole is the same as the center of the support column 3. The center of the bolt hole can be represented by the center of the support column 3. The first measuring block 1 is a cuboid with a length of L1, a height of H1, and a thickness of B1, where L1 = D + 2cm, H1 = D + 2cm, and B1 = (D + 2cm) / 2. The second measuring block 2 is a cuboid with a length of L2, a height of H2, and a thickness of B2, where L2 is selected with an appropriate length, H2 = D + 2cm, and B2 = D + 2cm. 1. Located between the support column 3 and the second measuring block 2, the center of one side of the first measuring block 1 is marked with a first measuring point 11 by a crosshair. The extension line of the axis of the support column 3 passes through the first measuring point 11 and is located on the marked surface of the first measuring point 11. The first measuring point 11 has a relative positional relationship with the center of the support column 3, that is, the first measuring point 11 has a relative positional relationship with the center of the bolt hole. The center of the end face of the second measuring block 2 away from the support column 3 is marked with a second measuring point 21 by a crosshair. The extension line of the axis of the support column 3 passes through the second measuring point 21 and is perpendicular to the marked surface of the second measuring point 21. The second measuring point 21 has a relative positional relationship with the center of the support column 3, that is, the second measuring point 21 has a relative positional relationship with the center of the bolt hole.

[0060] When in use, after the support column 3 is inserted into the bolt hole, the first measuring block 1 can rotate 360° around the support column 3. The direction of the first measuring block 1 can be adjusted as needed so that the first measuring point 11 always faces the total station, so that the total station at any position can observe it. This solves the problem of the difficulty in observing the target point by the total station 5 set by the total station in the actual installation process of the bridge.

[0061] S4: Establish the survey coordinate system and set up station 5 for the total station. (See section 5) Figure 3As shown, the measurement coordinate system is a Cartesian coordinate system. Two measurement coordinate systems are established for surfaces A and B of the bolted column 4. For surface A, the X-axis of the measurement coordinate system is parallel to the axis of the support column 3 on surface A, and the direction from the center of the support column 3 on surface A to the second measurement point 21 is the positive direction of the X-axis. For surface B, the X-axis of the measurement coordinate system is parallel to the axis of the support column 3 on surface B, and the direction from the center of the support column 3 on surface B to the second measurement point 21 is the positive direction of the X-axis. This measurement coordinate system is set up according to the coordinate system in the design drawings, ensuring that the feature points of the component are measured in the design coordinates under this measurement coordinate system.

[0062] The coordinates of the first and second measurement points can be obtained by using a total station. Since the first measurement point 11 and the second measurement point 21 have relative positional relationships with the center of the bolt hole, the coordinates of the center of the bolt hole can be calculated by using the coordinates of the first or second measurement point. Then, the coordinates of the center of the bolt hole are used as the target value of the three-dimensional posture of the bolted bridge structure installation.

[0063] To reduce the observation error of the total station, at least two stations 5 should be set up at the same measuring point to observe the first measuring block 1 and the second measuring block 2 respectively. Furthermore, the angle between the line connecting each station 5 and the measuring point and the observation surface should be greater than or equal to 30 degrees. According to the above requirements, see [reference needed]. Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment sets up three stations 5. The middle station 5 is located on the extension of the angle bisector of the angle formed by the bottom edges of surfaces A and B, and is used to measure the coordinates of the first measurement point 11 of the first measurement block 1 of surfaces A and B. The angle between the line formed by the middle station 5 and the measurement point of surfaces A and B and the observation surface is equal to 45 degrees, which meets the observation requirements. The two stations 5 on both sides are located in the direction of the extension of the normal of surfaces A and B, and are used to measure the coordinates of the second measurement point 21 of the second measurement block 2 of surfaces A and B, respectively. The angle between the line formed by the two stations 5 on both sides and the corresponding measurement point of surfaces A and B and the observation surface is equal to 90 degrees, which meets the observation requirements.

[0064] S5: Verify the coordinates of several measuring points. The coordinates of the first and second measuring points can be calculated to obtain the center coordinates of the two bolt holes. The difference between the center coordinates of the two bolt holes is less than 0.5mm. Based on the established measuring coordinate system, the following formula can be obtained:

[0065] For the measuring point on surface A, let the coordinates of the first measuring point be (x... A2 ,y A2 ,z A2 ) T The coordinates of the second measurement point are (x A3 ,y A3 ,z A3 ) T The center coordinates of the bolt hole are (x A1 ,yA1 ,z A1 ) T .

[0066]

[0067] (x A1 ,y A1 ,z A1 ) T =(x A3 -D-20-L2,y A3 ,z A3 ) T (7)

[0068] For the measurement point on surface B, let the coordinates of the first measurement point be (x... B2 ,y B2 ,z B2 ) T The coordinates of the second measurement point were measured to be (x B3 ,y B3 ,z B3 ) T The center coordinates of the bolt hole are (x B1 ,y B1 ,z B1 ) T .

[0069]

[0070] (x B1 ,y B1 ,z B1 ) T =(x B3 -D-20-L2,y B3 ,z B3 ) T (9)

[0071] Where D = 2.4cm, L2 = 5cm; from the above formula, the test data and verification calculations for the selected measuring points on surfaces A and B are shown in the following table:

[0072] Table 1: Test data and verification calculations for the selected measuring points on surface A (unit: cm)

[0073]

[0074] Table 2: Test data and verification calculations for the selected measuring points on side B (unit: cm)

[0075]

[0076]

[0077] Upon verification, the measurement data met the requirement that the difference be less than 0.5 mm, indicating that the measured data was accurate.

[0078] S6: After verifying the measurement data of the selected measuring points, compare the bridge installation posture calculated from the coordinates of the first or second measuring point with the design posture to obtain the change value between the two. The change value can be obtained from the actual dimensions of the measuring device. Then, add the above change value to the coordinates of the first or second measuring point to obtain the target value of the bridge installation posture that takes into account the relative position error. For the convenience of subsequent on-site construction measurements, the coordinates of the first measuring point of the first measuring block or the second measuring point of the second measuring block are directly used to represent the center coordinates of the bolt holes.

[0079] Taking the coordinates of the first measuring point of the first measuring block of the selected measuring point on surface A as an example, the coordinates of the first measuring point of the selected measuring point are (x c1 ,y c1 ,z c1 ) T 、(x c2 ,y c2 ,z c2 ) T ...(x) cn ,y cn ,z cn ) T The change in the bridge's installation posture from its design posture can be calculated using the actual dimensions of the measuring device (x). bc1 ,y bc1 ,z bc1 ) T 、(x bc2 ,y bc2 ,z bc2 ) T ...(x) bcn ,y bcn ,z bcn ) T The three-dimensional attitude of the bolted column 4 during installation can be represented by the attitude of the first measuring point of the selected measuring point during installation. The target value of the three-dimensional attitude of the first measuring point during installation is (x ac1 ,y ac1 ,z ac1 ) T 、(x ac2 ,y ac2 ,z ac2 ) T ...(x) acn ,y acn ,z acn ) T ,Right now:

[0080] (x ac1 ,yac1 ,z ac1 ) T =(x c1 ,y c1 ,z c1 ) T +(x bc1 ,y bc1 ,z bc1 ) T (10)

[0081] (x ac2 ,y ac2 ,z ac2 ) T =(x c2 ,y c2 ,z c2 ) T +(x bc2 ,y bc2 ,z bc2 ) T (11) ......

[0083] (x acn ,y acn ,z acn ) T =(x cn ,y cn ,z cn ) T +(x bcn ,y bcn ,z bcn ) T (12)

[0084] The calculation process for the target value of the first measurement point coordinate of the selected measurement point on side A is shown in the table below.

[0085] Table 3: Coordinates and installation attitude target values ​​of the first measurement point of the selected measurement point on surface A (unit: cm)

[0086]

[0087]

[0088] The calculation methods for the installation three-dimensional attitude target values ​​of the second measurement point of all measuring points on side A, the first measurement point of all measuring points on side B, and the second measurement point of all measuring points on side B are the same as those for the first measurement point of all measuring points on side A. At this time, the installation three-dimensional attitude target values ​​of the coordinates of each measuring point are the installation target values ​​that take into account the relative position error between the bolt hole group and the bridge structure.

[0089] The three-dimensional attitude target value of the bolted column 4 is installed on surface A. The three-dimensional attitude target value can be installed at the first measurement point or the second measurement point on surface A. For the installation three-dimensional attitude target value of the bolted column 4 on surface B, the three-dimensional attitude target value can be installed at the first measurement point or the second measurement point on surface B. This completes the accurate calculation of the installation three-dimensional attitude of the bolted bridge column.

[0090] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional attitude control method for the installation of bolted bridge structures, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: Adjust the posture of the bolted bridge structure to ensure that its horizontality and verticality meet the requirements of the design drawings; S2: Select several bolt holes as measuring points on the bolted bridge structure; S3: A measuring device is set at the measuring point. The measuring device has a first measuring point and a second measuring point. The first measuring point and the second measuring point have a relative positional relationship with the center of the bolt hole, respectively. S4: Establish a measurement coordinate system and set up total station stations. The total station measures the coordinates of the first and second measurement points. The coordinates of the bolt hole center can be calculated from the coordinates of the first or second measurement point. The bolt hole center coordinates are used as the target value of the three-dimensional posture of the bolted bridge structure installation. S5: Verify several measuring points. The coordinates of the first measuring point and the second measuring point are calculated to obtain the center coordinates of the two bolt holes. The difference between the center coordinates of the two bolt holes is less than 0.5mm. S6: Compare the bridge installation posture calculated from the coordinates of the first or second measurement point with the design posture to obtain the change value between the two. Add the above change value to the coordinates of the first or second measurement point to obtain the target value of the bridge installation posture that takes into account the relative position error. The measuring device in S3 includes a first measuring block, a second measuring block, and a support column that mates with a bolt hole. The support column can rotate within the bolt hole. The first measuring block is located between the support column and the second measuring block. A first measuring point is marked on the center of one side of the first measuring block. The extended line of the axis of the support column passes through the first measuring point and is located on the marked surface where the first measuring point is marked. A second measuring point is marked on the center of the end face of the second measuring block away from the support column. The extended line of the axis of the support column passes through the second measuring point and is perpendicular to the marked surface where the second measuring point is marked.

2. The three-dimensional attitude control method for bolted bridge structure installation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bolted bridge structure has bolt hole groups on the upper and lower parts of each side. The method for determining the measuring points in S2 is as follows: S201: Select at least two sides of the bolted bridge structure, and the two sides must intersect; S202: Select the bolt hole groups on the upper and lower parts of each side; S203: Select the four bolt holes located at the four corners of each bolt hole group as measuring points.

3. The three-dimensional attitude control method for bolted bridge structure installation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In coordinate system S4, the X-axis is parallel to the axis of the support column, with the direction from the center of the support column to the second measuring point as the positive direction of the X-axis. The total station measures the coordinates of the first measuring point as follows: The coordinates of the second measurement point were measured as follows: The center coordinates of the bolt hole are The relationships between the center coordinates of the bolt hole and the coordinates of the first and second measuring points are as follows: = (1) = (2) in, The length of the first measuring block, This is the length of the second measuring block.

4. The three-dimensional attitude control method for bolted bridge structure installation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The change value between the bridge installation posture and the design posture, calculated from the coordinates of the first or second measuring point in S6, can be obtained from the actual dimensions of the measuring device. The coordinates of the first measuring point for several measuring points are... , ... The change in the bridge's installation posture relative to the design posture, calculated from the coordinates of the first measuring point of several measuring points, is... , ... The three-dimensional attitude of the bolted bridge during installation can be represented by the attitude of the first measuring point of several measuring points during installation. The target value of the three-dimensional attitude of the first measuring point of several measuring points during installation is... , ... This means, that is: = + (3) = + (4) ...... = + (5) The method for calculating the installation three-dimensional attitude target value of the second measurement point coordinates for several measurement points is the same as the method for calculating the installation three-dimensional attitude target value of the first measurement point.

5. The three-dimensional attitude control method for bolted bridge structure installation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arrangement of stations in S4 is as follows: at least two stations are set up at the same measuring point to measure the first measuring block and the second measuring block respectively, and the angle between the line connecting each station and the measuring point and the observation surface is greater than or equal to 30 degrees.

Images